考研考博-英語-華北水利水電大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-華北水利水電大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

ProfessorKumarBhatt,founderandheadofWarwickManufacturingGroup(WMC),andRob

MeakinapersonneldirectoratMarconi,havedevelopedapartnershiptotrainengineersandmanagerstobecomeeliterate.TheNewKnowledgePartnershipwillincludeateamof40MarconimanagersinwhatProfessorBhattcallselectronicengineeringmanagementorE2.Awiderangeofengineeringandnon-engineeringcompanieshasexpressedinterestintheseexcitingprograms,professorBhattbelievesthate-commerceischangingthebusinessenvironmenttoahugeextent.Manychiefexecutivesdonotunderstandthepowerofthenewtechnologiesandinsomecases,areactuallyresistingchange.Hesaysthat“aslongasenoughindustryleadersrealizeitspotentialbenefits,e-businesswillmakepossibleasecondproductivityrevolutioninBritain.Thiscouldtaketheeconomyclosetoeliminatingthestillsubstantialcompetitivenessgapwithitsmainrivals.OverthelastfiveyearsintheUStherehasbeena30%improvementinmanufacturingsectorproductivitybecauseofinformationtechnology.InBritainwecanachievemorethanthatandsuccessfule-businesswillbeworthbillionstotheUKeconomy.”

AlreadyBritainmakesmoreuseofcomputer-aideddesignandmanufacture(CAD/CAM)andmanagementinformationtechnologysystemthanotherEuropeancountries,andhasagovernmentthatactivelypromotese-business.But,observesProfessorBhatt,Britainhasneverusedtechnologyasagrowthdriver.“Thethingaboutelectronicengineeringmanagementisthatyoucankeepyourlegacysystems;youjustneedtolinkthosesystemswithaninformationengine.Atthetouchofabuttonitwillallowprojectmanagerstoseethestatusofaproject,identifyproblemspreciselyandmakevirtuallyimmediatedecisionsbasedoninformationthatwillbemuchmorecompletethaninthepast.”

TheE2programistheresultofanalliancebytheWarwickManufacturingGroupwithAmerica’sleadinge-commercestudycenter,CarnegieMellon.ThelatterwillberesponsiblefortrainingmanyoftheMarconimanagersinAmerica,wherethegrouphashalfitsbusiness.InBritain.ProfessorBhatthaslinkedupwithSunMicrosystems,OracleandParametricTechnology,tosetupamulti-millionpoundE2designandmanufacturingcenterattheuniversitywhichwillbeusedfortrainingandresearch.

ProfessorBhattbelievesthate-commerceischangingbusinesstosuchanextentthatWMGislikelytoberenamedWarwickElectronicManufacturingGroup.But,hewarns:“Themovetoglobalizebecauseofe-commerceisracingahead.AlthoughthenetallowsBritishindustrytoovertaketheirEuropeanpeers,italsooffersAsiancountriestoleapfrogtheWest.ForthefirsttimeitisnottheprivilegeoftheWesternworldbecausethistechnologyisuniversal.”

1.WhatisthepurposeofE2course?

2.WhydoesBhattsaythat"e-businesswillmakepossibleasecondproductivityrevolutioninBritain"?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoyouknowaboute-businessinBritain?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

5.Accordingtothatlastpassage,whatisBhatt’sattitudetowardse-commerce?

問題1選項

A.Teachelectronicengineeringmanagement.

B.Trainengineersandmanagerstobeacquaintedwithe-commerce.

C.Trainengineersandmanagerstobeengineersandmanagers.

D.Teachengineersandmanagersaboutdevelopingpartnership.

問題2選項

A.Becausemanybusinessleadershaveshowntheirinterestinthis.

B.Becauseitcanstrengthenthecompanies’competitiveness.

C.Becausemorepeoplewilllearne-commercestyle.

D.Becausenewinformationtechnologiescangreatlyimproveindustrialproductivity.

問題3選項

A.E-businesshaseliminatedmanycompetitiverivals.

B.E-businesshasdonemanybenefitstobigcompanies

C.ManycompanieshavejoinedintheE-businessprogram.

D.E-businesshasgreatpotentialandwillmakechangesinthecountry.

問題4選項

A.BritaincanbecompetitivetoUSintheareaofinformationtechnology.

B.Britainhasalreadytakentheadvantagesofrunningengineeringmanagement.

C.AswithmanyotherEuropeancountries,Britainhasmadeuseofcomputer-aidedsystems.

D.E-businesshasofferedopportunitiestoEuropeancountriestoeliminatethecompetitivenessgapwithalltherivals.

問題5選項

A.HethinksitasapreciseopportunityonlytoBritain.

B.Hethinksthatitisnotasagoodopportunityaspeoplethink.

C.HethinksitisnotonlygoodforBritainbutalsoapreciseopportunityforothercountries.

D.Hedoesnotconsideritagoodopportunityinthelongrun.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的havedevelopedapartnershiptotrainengineersandmanagerstobecomeeliterate（建立了合作伙伴關系，培訓工程師和管理人員成為精英）可知D選項“教工程師和經(jīng)理如何發(fā)展伙伴關系”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的e-businesswillmakepossibleasecondproductivityrevolutioninBritain.Thiscouldtaketheeconomyclosetoeliminatingthestillsubstantialcompetitivenessgapwithitsmainrivals.（電子商務將使英國的第二次生產(chǎn)力革命成為可能。這可能會使經(jīng)濟接近消除與主要競爭對手的巨大競爭力差距）可知B選項“因為它可以增強企業(yè)的競爭力”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Britainhasneverusedtechnologyasagrowthdriver.（英國從未將科技作為經(jīng)濟增長的動力）可知D選項“電子商務有著巨大的潛力，并將在這個國家發(fā)生變化”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的OverthelastfiveyearsintheUStherehasbeena30%improvementinmanufacturingsectorproductivitybecauseofinformationtechnology.InBritainwecanachievemorethanthatandsuccessfule-businesswillbeworthbillionstotheUKeconomy.（在過去五年中，由于信息技術，美國制造業(yè)的生產(chǎn)率提高了30%。在英國，我們可以取得更多成就，成功的電子商務將對英國經(jīng)濟帶來數(shù)十億美元的收益）可知A選項“在信息技術領域，英國可以比美國更有競爭力”符合題意。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。由文章最后一段中的Themovetoglobalizebecauseofecommerceisracingahead.AlthoughthenetallowsBritishindustrytoovertaketheirEuropeanpeers,italsooffersAsiancountriestoleapfrogtheWest.ForthefirsttimeitisnottheprivilegeoftheWesternworldbecausethistechnologyisuniversal.（由于電子商務而走向全球化的步伐正在加快。盡管網(wǎng)絡允許英國工業(yè)超越歐洲同行，但它也為亞洲國家提供了超越西方的機會。這是第一次它不是西方世界的特權，因為這項技術是普遍的）可知C選項“他認為這不僅對英國有利，而且對其他國家來說也是一個確切的機會”正確。

2.不定項選擇題

ResearchershavecreatedmalemicewithnotraceofaYchromosome,supposedlythedefininghallmarkofbeingmale.

ReproductivebiologistMonikaWardofUniversityofHawaiiinHonoluluandcolleaguesstartedwithmicethathaveonlyoneXchromosome(andnosecondsexchromosome).Normallythoseanimalswoulddevelopasfemales.ButwhentheresearchersmanipulatedgenesfoundontheXandanotherchromosome,themicebecamemalesthatcouldproduceimmaturesperm.Thoseengineeredmalesfatheredoffspringwithreproductiveassistancefromtheresearchers,whoinjectedtheimmaturespermintoeggs,WardandcolleaguesreportintheJan.29Science.

Theexperimentsdemonstratethattherearemultiplewaystomakemales,saysRichardBehringer,adevelopmentalgeneticistatMDAndersonCancerCenterinHouston.“They’vedoneitwithoutanyYchromosomegeneinformation,”hesays“There’snotevenasniffoftheYaround.”

Atfirstglance,theexperimentswouldseemtosuggestYchromosomesaren’tnecessaryforreproduction,whichhintsthatevolutionmayeventuallyshowY’sthedoor.“TomeitisaparadigmofthedeclineandfalloftheYchromosome,”saysreproductivebiologistJenniferMarshallGravesofLaTrobeUniversityinMelbourne,Australia.

ButWardandotherresearcherssaytheYisn’tgoinganywhereandthatinterpretingthenewresultsasthechromosome’sdeathknelliswrong.BecausetheY-lessmalesneededhelptoreproduce,“clearlyweneedtheYchromosomeforfullnaturalmalereproduction,”saysMaryAnnHandel,areproductivebiologistattheJacksonLaboratoryinBarHarbor,Maine.

WardandcolleagueshadpreviouslyshownthattwoYchromosomegenes—SryandEif2s3y—arecrucialformalemousedevelopment.Sryisamastergenethatturnsonmaledevelopmentalprogramminginearlyembryos.ItturnsonagenecalledSox9,whichthensetsoffabiochemicalchainreactionthatleadstomaledevelopment.

Butinthenewexperiments,theresearchersturnedonSox9throughothermeans.ActivatingSox9inageneticallyfemaleembryowillcauseittodevelopasamale,Wardandcolleaguesfound.Butthosemalesdidn’tmakesperm.“Thetesteswereempty,”saysWard.

Inordertoproducesperm,miceneedtheEif2s3ygene,theresearchershadpreviouslydiscovered.Inthenewexperiment,themiceweremissingthegenebecausetheydidn’thaveYchromosomes.SoresearcherssubstitutedasimilargenefromtheXchromosomecalledEif2s3x.OnlyonecopyoftheYversionisneededtomakeimmature,taillesssperm,butittakesatleastfivecopiesoftheXversiontodothesamething.“ThisindicatesthattheYchromosomegeneisthestrongone,”saysWard.

HerresearchsuggeststhattheYchromosomehasoptimizedproductionfromgenesthatarenecessaryformakingmales.MakingjusttherightdoseofmaledevelopmentfactorsishowtheYprotectsitselffromevolutionaryerasure,Wardsays.“OurworkdoesnotsupportthattheYchromosomewilldisappear.”

Gravesdisagrees,Ward’sworkis“alovelyexampleofhowyoucanloseevenareallyimportantgene,”shesays.AtleasttwospeciesofrodentshavealreadyjettisonedtheirYchromosomesentirely.Primates,includinghumans,don’thaveEif2s3ygenesontheirYchromosomes.Thenewworkmayhelpexplainhowprimatesgetalongwithoutthegene,Gravessuggests,andtheresearchmay“giveususefulinformationaboutwhathappensattheendoftheYchromosome.”

1.WhichofthefollowingisCORRECTaccordingtothepassage?

2.WhyisEif2s3Ygenecrucialformalemousedevelopment?

3.WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTaccordingtothepassage?

4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?

問題1選項

A.MicewithonlyoneXchromosomewoulddevelopasfemalesnormally.

B.Ychromosomeisdefinitelythehallmarkofbeingmale.

C.Thoseengineeredmalemicecannotfatheroffspringevenwithreproductiveassistance

D.ThereisonlyonewaytomakemalemicefromrelevantexperimentsintheUniversityofHawaii.

問題2選項

A.Itisamastergenethatturnsonmaledevelopmentalprogrammingearlyembryos.

B.Itsetsoffabiochemicalchainreactionthatleadstomaledevelopment.

C.Miceneedittoproducesperm.

D.Miceneedittodeveloptestes.

問題3選項

A.AtleasttwospeciesofrodentshavejettisonedtheirYchromosomescompletely.

B.Eif2s3X,agenefromtheYchromosome,issimilarwithEif2s3y.

C.Ychromosomehasoptimizedproductionfromgenenecessaryformakingmales.

D.Humansdon'thaveEiSs3ygenesontheirYchromosomes.

問題4選項

A.MiceCanBeMaleWithoutYChromosome.

B.TheArtificialReproductionofMice.

C.TheMysteriousYChromosomeinMice.

D.TheMaleandFemaleMice.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:1.【選項釋義】

1.WhichofthefollowingisCORRECTaccordingtothepassage?1.根據(jù)文章，下列哪個選項是正確的？

A.MicewithonlyoneXchromosomewoulddevelopasfemalesnormally.A.正常情況下，只有一個X染色體的老鼠會發(fā)育成雌性老鼠。

B.Ychromosomeisdefinitelythehallmarkofbeingmale.B.Y染色體絕對是男性的標志。

C.Thoseengineeredmalemicecannotfatheroffspringevenwithreproductiveassistance.C.即使有生殖輔助，這些轉基因雄性老鼠也不能生育后代。

D.ThereisonlyonewaytomakemalemicefromrelevantexperimentsintheUniversityofHawaii.D.從夏威夷大學的相關實驗中，只有一種方法可以制造出雄性老鼠。

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段前兩句“檀香山夏威夷大學的生殖生物學家MonikaWard和他的同事從只有一個X染色體的老鼠開始研究。正常情況下，這些動物會發(fā)育成雌性（Normallythoseanimalswoulddevelopasfemales.）?！保斫饪芍?，只有一個X染色體的老鼠在正常情況下會發(fā)育成雌性老鼠，A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“Y染色體絕對是男性的標志”，第一段“研究人員已經(jīng)創(chuàng)造出了沒有Y染色體痕跡的雄性老鼠（createdmalemicewithnotraceofaYchromosome），Y染色體被認為是雄性的標志”可知沒有Y染色體也能創(chuàng)造出雄性，且文中就研究者們對于Y染色體是否是雄性的典型特點這一問題發(fā)表了不同的觀點，選項B中的definitely過于絕對，曲解原文；

C選項“即使有生殖輔助，這些轉基因雄性老鼠也不能生育后代”根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“在研究人員的生殖協(xié)助下，這些轉基因雄鼠繁衍出了后代”可知，該項與原文相悖，反向干擾；

D選項“從夏威夷大學的相關實驗中，只有一種方法可以制造出雄性老鼠”，第二段提及夏威夷大學的科學家們已經(jīng)培育出沒有Y染色體的雄性小鼠，所以，培育雄性小鼠的方法不是只有一個，該項曲解原文。

第2題:2.【選項釋義】

2.WhyisEif2s3Ygenecrucialformalemousedevelopment?2.為什么Eif2s3Y基因對雄性小鼠的發(fā)育至關重要？

A.Itisamastergenethatturnsonmaledevelopmentalprogrammingearlyembryos.A.它是開啟男性發(fā)育早期胚胎的主控基因。

B.Itsetsoffabiochemicalchainreactionthatleadstomaledevelopment.B.它引發(fā)了一個生化連鎖反應，導致了男性的發(fā)育。

C.Miceneedittoproducesperm.C.老鼠需要它來產(chǎn)生精子。

D.Miceneedittodeveloptestes.D.老鼠需要它來發(fā)育睪丸。

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第八段的第一句“研究人員此前發(fā)現(xiàn)，為了產(chǎn)生精子，老鼠需要Eif2s3y基因”，理解可知，Eif2s3Y基因對雄性小鼠的發(fā)育至關重要的原因是，它能幫助老鼠產(chǎn)生精子，選項C符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“它是開啟男性發(fā)育早期胚胎的主控基因”和B選項“它引發(fā)了一個生化連鎖反應，導致了男性的發(fā)育”根據(jù)第六段最后兩句“Sry是在早期胚胎中開啟男性發(fā)育程序的主控基因。它啟動了一種叫作Sox9的基因，然后引發(fā)了一個導致男性發(fā)育的生化連鎖反應。”，理解可知，開啟男性發(fā)育早期胚胎的主控基因和引發(fā)生化連鎖反應的基因是Sry，而不是Eif2s3Y，屬于張冠李戴；

D選項“老鼠需要它來發(fā)育睪丸”沒有提到，無中生有。

第3題:3.【選項釋義】

3.WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTaccordingtothepassage?3.根據(jù)文章，下列哪個選項是錯誤的？

A.AtleasttwospeciesofrodentshavejettisonedtheirYchromosomescompletely.A.至少有兩種嚙齒動物已經(jīng)完全拋棄了它們的Y染色體。

B.Eif2s3X,agenefromtheYchromosome,issimilarwithEif2s3y.B.Eif2s3X是來自Y染色體的基因，與Eif2s3y相似。

C.Ychromosomehasoptimizedproductionfromgenenecessaryformakingmales.C.Y染色體已經(jīng)優(yōu)化了產(chǎn)生雄性所需的基因。

D.Humansdon’thaveEif2s3ygenesontheirYchromosomes.D.人類的Y染色體上沒有Eif2s3y基因。

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第八段的第二和第三句“在新的實驗中，老鼠缺少這種基因，因為它們沒有Y染色體。因此，研究人員從X染色體上替換了一個類似的基因，叫作Eif2s3x?！?，從中可知Eif2s3x來自于X染色體，而不是Y染色體，所以選項B“Eif2s3X是來自Y染色體的基因，與Eif2s3y相似”與原文相悖，但符合題意。故該題選擇B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“至少有兩種嚙齒動物已經(jīng)完全拋棄了它們的Y染色體”根據(jù)最后一段的第二句“至少有兩種嚙齒動物已經(jīng)完全拋棄了它們的Y染色體?！笨芍擁椃显?，屬于反向干擾；

C選項“Y染色體已經(jīng)從制造雄性所需的基因中優(yōu)化了生產(chǎn)”根據(jù)第九段的第一句“她的研究表明，Y染色體優(yōu)化了產(chǎn)生雄性所需的基因?！笨芍擁椃显?，屬于反向干擾；

D選項“人類的Y染色體上沒有Eif2s3y基因”根據(jù)最后一段的第三句“靈長類動物，包括人類，在Y染色體上沒有Eif2s3y基因”可知該項符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

第4題:4.【選項釋義】

4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?4.這篇文章的最佳標題是什么？

A.MiceCanBeMaleWithoutYChromosome.A.沒有Y染色體的老鼠也可以是雄性。

B.TheArtificialReproductionofMice.B.老鼠的人工繁殖。

C.TheMysteriousYChromosomeinMice.C.老鼠的神秘Y染色體。

D.TheMaleandFemaleMice.D.雄性和雌性老鼠。

【考查點】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】文章首段提到“研究人員培育出了沒有Y染色體的雄性老鼠，而Y染色體被認為是男性的標志”可知，研究者已經(jīng)培育出了沒有Y染色體的雄性小鼠。在之后的段落里，列舉實驗說明這一科學發(fā)現(xiàn)，由此可知，文章主要是描述關于沒有Y染色體的雄性小鼠的實驗。A選項“沒有Y染色體的老鼠也可以是雄性”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“老鼠的人工繁殖”和C選項“老鼠的神秘Y染色體”只是部分提及，屬于以偏概全；

D選項“雄性和雌性老鼠”表達太泛，不夠精準，屬于曲解原文。

3.單選題

ThementalhealthmovementintheUnitedStatesbeganwithaperiodofconsiderableenlightenment.DorotheaDixwasshockedtofindthementallyillinjailsandalmshousesandcrusadedfortheestablishmentofasylumsinwhichpeoplecouldreceivehumanecareinhospital-likeenvironmentsandtreatmentwhichmighthelprestorethemtosanity.Bythemid1800s,20stateshadestablishedasylums,butduringthelate1800sandearly1900s,inthefaceofeconomicdepression,legislatureswereunabletoappropriatesufficientfundsfordecentcare.Asylumsbecameovercrowdedandprison-like.Additionally,patientsweremoreresistanttotreatmentthanthepioneersinthementalhealthfieldhadanticipated,andsecurityandrestraintwereneededtoprotectpatientsandothers.Mentalinstitutionsbecamefrighteninganddepressingplacesinwhichtherightsofpatientswereallbutforgotten.

TheseconditionscontinueduntilafterWorldWarII.Atthattime,newtreatmentswerediscoveredforsomemajormentalillnessestheretoforeconsidereduntreatable(penicillinforsyphilisofthebrainandinsulintreatmentforschizophreniaanddepressions),andasuccessionofbooks,motionpictures,andnewspaperexposescalledattentiontotheplightofthementallyill.ImprovementsweremadeandDr.DavidVail’sHumanePracticesProgramisabeaconfortoday.Butchangeswereslowincominguntiltheearly1960s.Atthattime,theCivilRightsmovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichweredisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.Theprisonswerefilledwithangryyoungmenwho,encouragedbylegalsupport,werequicktodemandtheirrights.Thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane,bycontrast,werepopulatedwithpeoplewhowereconsidered“crazy”andwhowereoftenkeptobedientlyintheirplacethroughtheuseofseverebodilyrestraintsandlargedosesofmajortranquilizers.Theyoungcadreofpublicinterestlawyerslikedtheirroleinthementalhospitals.Thelawyersfoundapopulationthatwasbothpassiveandeasytochampion.Thesewere,afterall,peoplewho,unlikecriminals,haddonenothingwrong.Andinmanystates,theywerebeingkeptinhorrendousinstitutions,aninjustice,whichonceexposed,wasboundtoshockthepublicand,particularly,thejudicialconscience.Patients’rightsgroupssuccessfullyencouragedreformbylobbyinginstatelegislatures.

Judicialinterventionhashadsomedefinitepositiveeffect,butthereisgrowingawarenessthatcourtscannotprovidethestandardsandthereviewmechanismsthatassuregoodpatientcare.Thedetailsofprovidingday-to-daycaresimplycannotbemandatedbyacourt,soitistimetotakefromthecourtstheresponsibilityfordeliveryofmentalhealthcareandassuranceofpatientrightsandreturnittothestatementalhealthadministratorstowhomthemandatewasoriginallygiven.Thoughitisadifficulttask,administratorsmustundertaketowriterulesandstandardsandtoprovidethetrainingandsurveillancetoassurethattreatmentisgivenandpatientrightsarerespected.

21.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto______.

22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardpeoplewhoarepatientsinstateinstitutionscanbestbedescribedas______.

23.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,iftheCivilRightsmovementhadn’tpromptedaninvestigationofprisonconditions,______.

24.Thetoneofthefinalparagraphcanbestbedescribedas______.

25.Accordingtothepassage,mentalhospitalconditionswereradicallychangedbecauseof______.

問題1選項

A.provideanhistoricalperspectiveonproblemsofmentalhealthcare

B.increasepublicawarenessoftheplightofthementallyill

C.shockthereaderwithvividdescriptionsofasylums

D.describetheinventionofnewtreatmentsformentalillness

問題2選項

A.inflexibleandinsensitive

B.detachedandneutral

C.understandingandsympathetic

D.enthusiasticandsupportive

問題3選項

A.stateswouldneverhaveestablishedasylumsforthementallyill

B.newtreatmentsformajormentalillnesswouldhavelikelyremaineduntested

C.theCivilRightsmovementinAmericawouldhavebeenpoliticallyineffective

D.conditionsinmentalhospitalsmighthaveescapedjudicialscrutiny

問題4選項

A.overlyemotional

B.cleverlydeceptive

C.cautiouslyoptimistic

D.fiercelyindependent

問題5選項

A.asgroupsofyoungangrymeninthe1900s

B.activeyounglawyersinthe1960s

C.innocentinsanepatients’protest

D.powerfulcourtinterventions

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】21.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章的主要目的是……”。文章第一段先是用DorotheaDix的事例引出美國心理健康運動啟蒙時期的發(fā)展，然后第二段談到了二戰(zhàn)以后精神疾病新的治療方法的進步，隨后闡述了20世紀60年代以后美國精神衛(wèi)生保健發(fā)展的緩慢，以及精神病人失去了權利，最后討論到在司法的干預下，精神衛(wèi)生保健得到了一些積極的效果，但是還需要一些確保病人有良好護理的標準和審查機制。綜上所述，我們可知，整篇文章都是以歷史的角度來闡述美國的精神衛(wèi)生健康，所以A項“提供精神衛(wèi)生保健問題的歷史視角”符合題意。B項“提高公眾對精神病人困境的認識”、C項“用精神病院的生動描述使讀者震驚”和D項“描述精神疾病新療法的發(fā)明”都只是文章的一部分，屬于以偏概全。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

22.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】觀點態(tài)度題。題干意思是“作者對州醫(yī)療機構患者的態(tài)度可以用……來描述”。定位第一段最后一句Mentalinstitutionsbecamefrighteninganddepressingplacesinwhichtherightsofpatientswereallbutforgotten.（精神病院變成了令人恐懼和壓抑的地方，病人的權利幾乎被遺忘），第二段第七句Thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane,bycontrast,werepopulatedwithpeoplewhowereconsidered“crazy”andwhowereoftenkeptobedientlyintheirplacethroughtheuseofseverebodilyrestraintsandlargedosesofmajortranquilizers.（與此形成對比的是，精神病罪犯醫(yī)院里擠滿了被認為是“瘋子”的人，他們經(jīng)常被嚴格地限制身體，并使用大劑量的鎮(zhèn)定劑，乖乖地待在自己的地方），以及第二段倒數(shù)第二句Andinmanystates,theywerebeingkeptinhorrendousinstitutions（在許多州，他們被關押在可怕的機構中），由frighteninganddepressing，obediently和horrendous這些詞可以看出，作者對州醫(yī)療機構的患者是同情的態(tài)度，所以C項“理解和同情”正確。A項“僵硬和麻木”、B項“超然和中立”和D項“熱情和支持”都是曲解原文。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

23.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從文章中可以推斷，如果民權運動沒有引發(fā)對監(jiān)獄條件的調查，……”。定位到第二段第五句Atthattime,theCivilRightsMovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.（當時，民權運動帶領律師調查了美國的監(jiān)獄，那里的黑人比例相當高，他們跟著囚犯進入了唯一比監(jiān)獄更糟糕的機構：精神病罪犯醫(yī)院），這里講到了民權運動帶領律師對美國監(jiān)獄進行調查，他們進入了比監(jiān)獄還糟糕的精神病罪犯醫(yī)院，接著就講到律師所看到的精神病罪犯的狀況，然后最后一句提到Andinmanystatestheywerebeingkeptinhorrendousinstitutions,aninjusticewhich,onceexposedWesboundtoshockthepublicand,particularly,thejudicialconscience.（在許多州，他們被關押在可怕的機構中，這種不公正一旦暴露出來，勢必會震驚公眾，尤其是司法良知），綜合可推斷，民權運動沒有引發(fā)對監(jiān)獄的調查是由于精神病罪犯醫(yī)院的狀況使其逃過了司法審查，D項“精神病院的狀況可能逃脫了司法審查”符合題意。定位到第一段第三句Bythemid-1800s,2stateshadestablishedasylums（到19世紀中期，已經(jīng)有兩個州建立了收容所）可知，A項“各州永遠不會為精神病患者建立收容所”表述與原文不符，屬于曲解原文。B項“主要精神疾病的新治療方法可能還沒有經(jīng)過測試”和C項“美國的民權運動在政治上是無效的”沒有提到，屬于無中生有。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

24.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主觀態(tài)度題。題干意思是“最后一段的基調可以用……來描述”。定位到最后一段首句Judicialinterventionshavehadsomedefinitepositiveeffects,butthereisgrowingawarenessthatcourtscannotprovidethestandardsandthereviewmechanismsthatassuregoodpatientcare.（司法干預確實產(chǎn)生了一些積極的效果，但人們越來越意識到，法院無法提供確保良好病人護理的標準和審查機制），由positive可知，這一段的態(tài)度是比較樂觀的，后面用了but轉折，可推知，最后一段基調是比較謹慎樂觀的，所以C項“謹慎樂觀”正確。A項“過于情緒化”、B項“巧妙地欺騙”和D項“完全獨立”都不符合，屬于曲解原文。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

25.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)這篇文章，由于……，精神病院的情況發(fā)生了根本性的變化”。定位第二段中的Atthattime,theCivilRightsmovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichweredisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.（當時，民權運動促使律師們調查了美國監(jiān)獄，那里的黑人人口不成比例，他們跟著囚犯進入了唯一比監(jiān)獄更糟糕的機構——精神病犯罪醫(yī)院），以及Theyoungcadreofpublicinterestlawyerslikedtheirroleinthementalhospitals.Thelawyersfoundapopulationthatwasbothpassiveandeasytochampion.Thesewere,afterall,peoplewho,unlikecriminals,haddonenothingwrong.（年輕的公益律師干部喜歡他們在精神病院的角色。律師們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個群體既被動又容易爭取。畢竟，這些人不像罪犯，他們什么都沒做錯。），可知，60年代早期，公民權利運動促使律師調查美國的監(jiān)獄，后來又促使他們調查精神病院；在這些運動中，關注公眾利益的年輕律師們對精神病院很感興趣，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些令人震驚的現(xiàn)象。由此可知，精神病院狀況的改變是由于積極的年輕律師所起的作用，B項“20世紀60年代活躍的年輕律師”正確。A項“20世紀的一群憤怒的年輕人”是監(jiān)獄的犯人，和精神病院無關，屬于出處錯位。C項“無辜的精神病患者的抗議”屬于反向干擾，文中只提到監(jiān)獄的年輕人要求自己的權利，而精神病患者則是被注射鎮(zhèn)定劑，乖乖待在那里。D項“強有力的法庭干預”屬于曲解原文，最后一段第一段提到的是judicialintervention（司法干預），并不是courtintervention（法庭干預）。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

4.單選題

Onthisdayin2004,Comcast,America’slargestcableoperator,abandonsits$54billionhostiletakeoverbidfortheWaltDisneyCompanyinthefaceoffalteringstockpricesandDisney’scontinuedrefusaltoentertaintheproposal.

Ifaccepted,Comcast’sFebruarybidwouldhavemadeitthelargestmediacompanyintheworld.Forits$54billioninstock,ComcastwouldhavereceivedcontrolofDisney’sfilmstudio,theABCtelevisionbroadcastingnetworkandthecablechannelESPN,amongotherassets.

BasedinPhiladelphia,ComcasthadbegunasaregionalcablecompanyinTupelo,Mississippi,andincreaseditsholdingsthroughaseriesoflucrativeacquisitions.Ithadusedasimilar“bearhug”campaigninJuly2001,whenitlaunchedanunsolicitedproposaltobuyAT&TCorp’scableassets,thenknownasAT&TBroadband.Overayearlater,itsuccessfullyclosedthatdealforabout$40billion.

Observersoftheproposedmergerpredictedproblemssimilartothosethathadfacedothermediagiants,suchasAOL-TimeWarner,includingscrutinyfromtheFederalCommunicationsCommission(FCC),whichhadobjectedtoownershipoflocalnetworksandcablestationsinthesamemarket.

TheComcast-Disneybattlehighlightsanimportant,thoughseeminglycontradictoryfact.WhileAmerica’sbigcorporatebossesneedtobeheldmorestrictlytoaccount,byacombinationofbetterrules,bettergovernanceandmoredemandingshareholders,themediabusinessinwhichthesegiantmediafirmsoperateactuallyneedstheopposite—less,notmore,regulations.WhenFCGannouncedthatitwouldeasemodestlytherulesgoverningwhichsortofmediacompanycanmergewitheachother,liberalandconservativeAmericansalikenoisilyprofessedtheirhorrorattheprospectsofBigMediabecomingevenbigger.

OpponentsofBiggerMediamaketwomainarguments.First,theysay,theconcentrationofownershipreducesmediavoices,restrictsdiversityandthusweakensdemocracy.Second,themarriageofmediacontent(news,films,TVshows)withmediadistribution(TVorradionetworks,internetservicesandthelike)furtherincreasesthepowerofmediabaronsoverviewers,readersandlisteners,asthemediagiantsusetheirsalespowertobattertheirwayintolivingrooms.Comcast’sproposedmergerwithDisneyfallsmainlyintothissecondcategory.

Nevermindthatthereislittlesystematicevidencetosupportthecrudeequationofmediabaronwithasinglepolitical“view”,andthattheInternet,withitsanarchicbloggersandwealthofinformation,rendersalleffortstocontrolminds,atleastinAmerica,somewhatmoot.BigMedia—likeBigTelecoms,BigCableandBigSatellite,nottomentionBigMusicandBigFilm,isnotoverweeningandalmighty,butthreatenedandvulnerable.Theobstacletodominanceinanyoftheseindustriesistheonwardmarchofdigitaltechnologywhich,asitcombineswiththespreadofbroadbandInternetconnections,isunderminingmostfirms’businessmodels.Alreadycablecompaniescarrydataandtelephonecalls;telephonecarriersanddigitaltechnologyproviderstransporttelevision,filmsandmusic.Forthecouchpotato,therangeofchoiceisgrowing,notshrinking.So,fromapublic-policypointofview,thereislittletofearfrommostbigmediamergers.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutComcastistrue?

2.Thecontradictoryfactmentionedinthe5thparagraphreferstothefactthat（）.

3.PeoplemaymainlybasetheiroppositiontotheproposedComcast-Disneymergerontheargumentthat（）.

4.BysayingBigMediaisthreatenedandvulnerable,theauthormeans（）

5.Whatdoestheword“baron”mostprobablymeaninthe6thand7thparagraph?

6.Theword“moot”inthe7paragraphmostprobablymeans（）.

問題1選項

A.Comcastisthelargestmediacompanyintheworldexpandingthroughlucrativeacquisitions

B.Comcastdidn’tmakeitinitsacquisitionofDisneyandAT&TBroadband

C.ComcastgaveuptheproposedmergerwithDisneydespitethefavorablemarketreactionandtherosyprospect

D.ObserversandanalystsshowedconcernoverComcast’sproposedmergersincesimilarcasebeforehadincurredstrictinvestigationfromFCG

問題2選項

A.corporatebossesshouldbesubjecttomoreregulationwhiletheyareinfactnotregulated

B.bigbossesneedtobecutdowninsizewhilebigmediashouldbeallowedtogetbigger

C.FCGeasedtherulesgoverningmediamergerswhileitshouldhavetightenedthem

D.liberalandconservativeAmericansv