考研考博-英語-云南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

ScientistsbelievethatthereisnotenoughoxygenintheMoon’satmosphereto（）plantlife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adapt

B.personalize

C.sustain

D.describe

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析sustain。意為“維持，保持”，符合句意。

2.單選題

Despitetheirspartan,isolatedlifestyle,therearenostoriesofwomenbeingrapedorwantonviolenceagainstciviliansintheregion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intriguing

B.exasperating

C.demonstrative

D.unprovoked

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意可知，劃線部分詞應(yīng)該為貶義，首先排除選項(xiàng)A和C；其次如果選B，這里應(yīng)該指讓人感到憤怒的，用-ed的形式，所以選項(xiàng)B不正確；選項(xiàng)D正確，指無緣無故的，符合語境。

3.單選題

Wecouldnothavesucceeded______yourhelp.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.butfor

B.without

C.ifithadnotbeenfor

D.alltheabove

【答案】D

【解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。A項(xiàng)butfor“要不是，如果沒有”，B項(xiàng)without“沒有”，C項(xiàng)ifithadnotbeenfor“若不是因?yàn)椤脑挕?，D項(xiàng)alltheabove“以上所有都是”。根據(jù)句子可知，空格處可以表示假設(shè)，A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)都符合，用來表示對(duì)過去的假設(shè)；B項(xiàng)也可以用來表示條件，引出虛擬語氣；所以A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都正確。句意：沒有你的幫助，我們是不可能成功的。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

4.填空題

YourSmartphoneMayBeHurtingYourSleepA)Youloveyoursmartphone,butitmayberuiningyourZZZ’s.Useofthesedevices,especiallynearbedtime,isassociatedwithworsequalityofsleep,accordingtoanewstudy.“Whenwelookedatsmartphoneusearoundthetimewhenparticipantsreportedtheywenttobed,moresmartphoneusearoundthattimeinparticularwasassociatedwithalongertimetofallasleepandworsesleepqualityduringthenight,”saidDr.GregoryMarcus,authorofthestudyandanassociateprofessorofmedicineattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco.HisresearchwaspublishedWednesdayinthejournalPLOSOne.

B)Theword“crack-berry”becamepopularroughlyadecadeagotodescribetheaddictivequalityofBlackBerrydevices—arguablythefirstreallysuccessfulsmartphones.Today,almosteveryoneisasmartphonejunkie,standingwithheadbowedwhilewaitingforatrainorinlineatthepostoffice.

C)Knowingthatsmartphoneusehasincreasedtogetherwithsleepdeprivationrates,Marcusandhiscolleaguesdecidedtoinvestigatewhetherthetwomightberelated.Toanswerthisquestion,heusedexitinginformationcollectedbyanInternet-basedstudyhestartedinMarch2016.

D)“HealthE-Heart,”whichwasfundedbytheNationalInstitutesofHealthisdesignedtostudycardiovascularhealth.Anyone18yearsofageoroldercanenrollinHealthE-Heart,co-foundedbyDrs.MarkPletcherandJeffreyOlgin,professorsatUCSF.Aftersigningaconsentform,enrolledparticipantsself-reporttheirhealthdataviaaseriesofonlinequestionnaires.Theinformationisgathered,analyzedandusedtoresearchanddevelopstrategiestopreventandtreatallaspectsofheartdisease.

E)About80,000participantshaveenrolledinHealthE-Heart,Marcussaid.“We’vehadpeoplefromeverystateintheUS,lotsofpeoplefromeverystate,andweactuallyhavepeoplefrom50countries.”Marcusandhisco-foundersalsomakethedataavailabletootherscientistsconductingunrelatedstudies.Forthenewsmartphonestudy,Marcusmadeuseofthiswealthofinformationtoconducthisown“sub-study”.

F)OfthetotalHealthE-Heartenrollees,653peoplechosetoparticipateinandcompletethenewsmartphone-sleepstudy.Participantsinstalledanappontheirphonestoautomaticallyrecordthetotalnumberofminutesineachhourthescreenwasturnedon(totalscreentime)duringa30-dayperiod.TheseparticipantshadalreadyreportedtheirsleephoursandsleepqualityusingavalidatedquestionnaireaspartofthegeneralHealthE-Heartexperience,Marcusexplained.So,whenansweringthesleepassessmentquestions,participantsalsoentereddemographicdataplusinformationabouttheiralcoholuse,physicalactivity,smokinghabitsandotherhealthissues.Byansweringsomanyquestions,participantswereunawareofwhattheresearcherswerestudying,explainedMarcus:“Wewouldn’texpectanybias.”

G)Analyzingthedata,theresearchersdiscoveredthat,onaverage,participantsusedtheirsmartphonesforatotalof38.4hoursovera30-dayperiod.Individualswithalongeraveragescreentimeweremorelikelytohavepoorersleepqualityandlesssleepoverall:About35%ofthosewhousedtheirsmartphonesforshorteramountsoftimethanaveragehadsleepdifficulties,comparedwith42%ofthosewithaverageorgreaterthanaverageuse.Andpoorqualitysleepwasmorelikelyforparticipantswhousedtheirsmartphonesnearbedtime.

H)Theresearchersdiscoveredthatscreen-timevariesthroughouta24-hourperiod,butmostoccursduringtheday.Yetforsomeparticipants,smartphoneusepeakedduringthenight.“Wecan’texcludethepossibilitythatsomepeoplecan’tsleepforsomecompletelyunrelatedreason,andbecausetheycan’tsleep,they’reusingtheirsmartphone,justtopassthetime,”Marcussaid.

I)Despitepotentialshortcomings,Marcusresearchisinlinewithotherstudiesshowingthattheuseoftechnologynearbedtimeisassociatedwithdifficultysleeping,suchasthe2015NationalSleepFoundationpoll.Otherresearchhasshownthatthebluelightemittedbysmartphones(andotherdigitaldevices)mightsuppressourbody’sproductionofmelatonin,ahormonethatinducestirednessandcontributestothetimingofsleep-wakecycles.“Sothere’ssomebiologicalplausibilitysupportingtheideathatthereisacausalrelationship,butweweren’tabletoidentifythat,”Marcusnoted.

J)“Itisbelievedthatsleepisarestorativeprocessandabasicbiologicneed,”saidDr.NeilKline,asleepphysician,internistandrepresentativeoftheAmericanSleepAssociation.“Whenanimals,includinghumans,aredeprivedofsleep,therearemanybodysystemsthatfail.Notonlydoesourperformance,memoryandattentionspansuffer,ourimmunesystemandendocrinesystemisalsoimpaired.”

K)Thoughmostofthesenegativeeffectshavebeenstudiedexclusivelyinadults,children’ssleepisalsoaffectedbytechnology,accordingtoanunrelatedstudy.LeadauthorBenCarter,aseniorlecturerinbiostatisticsatKing’sCollegeLondon,andhiscolleaguesdiscoveredthatforteensandchildren,theuseofcellphones,tabletsandcomputersisassociatedwithlosingsleeptimeandsleepquality.

L)Marcussaidhesuspectsthatsomepeoplemaybeaffectedmorethanothersandoveruseofasmartphoneimpactstheirsleepmorethanitwouldforotherpeople.Hehopestoinvestigatethisquestioninthefuture.Basedonhisresults,hesuggestedthatinsomniacsandothertroubledsleepersshouldavoidlookingattheirscreensforhalfanhourorsobeforegoingtobedtoseewhetherthatmightenhancethequalityoftheirslumber.Headded,“There’salmostcertainlynoharmingivingthatagoodtry.”

11.Ouraddictiontosmartphonesdatesbacktoabouttenyearsago.

_________

12.DatafromHealthE-Heartarecollectedandusedforresearchersintoheartdiseases.

_________

13.ThefindingsofDr.Marcus’sstudyappearedinPLOSOne._________

14.Badsleepersareadvisednottousetheirsmartphoneshalfanhourorsobeforetheygotobed._________

15.Marcusstartedhisresearchbecausehesuspectedtheremightbesomecorrelationbetweensleeplossandsmartphoneuse._________

16.Theuseofdigitaldevicesaffectschildren’ssleeptoo.

_________

17.Tomakesurehisstudywasobjective,Marcusrequiredhissubjectstoprovidemanymoreoftheirlifedetailsthanjustsleephoursandsleepquality.

_________

18.Researchersfoundthosewhospendlongertimeplayingwiththeirsmartphonesaremorelikelytosleepbadly.

_________

19.Marcusconcededthatsomepeopleweresleeplessatnightforreasonsunrelatedtomobilephoneuse.

_________

20.Sleepisourbasicbiologicalneedandlackofitmaycauseourbodyfunctionstodecline._________

【答案】11.B

12.D

13.A

14.L

15.C

16.K

17.F

18.G

19.H

20.J

【解析】11.主旨大意題。題干意思為“我們對(duì)智能手機(jī)的上癮可以追溯到大約十年前。”文章第二段主要講了自十年前黑莓手機(jī)被生產(chǎn)出來之后，人們開始對(duì)智能手機(jī)上癮，由此可推斷出人們對(duì)智能手機(jī)的上癮可追溯到大約十年前。因此段落B正確。

12.主旨大意題。題干意思為“來自健康E-Heart的數(shù)據(jù)被收集并用于研究心臟病。”文章段落D說到“Theinformationisgathered,analyzedandusedtoresearchanddevelopstrategiestopreventandtreatallaspectsofheartdisease.（這些信息被收集、分析并用于研究和制定預(yù)防和治療心臟病各個(gè)方面的策略。）”，其中“這些信息”指來自健康E-Heart的數(shù)據(jù)，因此段落D正確。

13.主旨大意題。題干意思為“馬庫(kù)斯博士的研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《公共科學(xué)圖書館（綜合）》雜志上?！蔽恼露温銩說到“HisresearchwaspublishedWednesdayinthejournalPLOSOne.（他的研究發(fā)表在周三的《公共科學(xué)圖書館（綜合）》雜志上。）”，該句與題干意思匹配，因此段落A正確。

14.主旨大意題。題干意思為“建議睡眠不好的人不要在睡前半小時(shí)左右使用智能手機(jī)。”文章段落L說到“Basedonhisresults,hesuggestedthatinsomniacsandothertroubledsleepersshouldavoidlookingattheirscreensforhalfanhourorsobeforegoingtobedtoseewhetherthatmightenhancethequalityoftheirslumber.（根據(jù)他的研究結(jié)果，他建議失眠癥患者和其他睡眠有問題的人應(yīng)該避免在上床前半小時(shí)左右看屏幕，看看這是否能提高他們的睡眠質(zhì)量。）”，該句與題干意思相匹配，因此段落L正確。

15.主旨大意題。題干意思為“馬庫(kù)斯開始這項(xiàng)研究是因?yàn)樗麘岩伤卟蛔愫褪褂弥悄苁謾C(jī)之間可能存在某種關(guān)聯(lián)?！蔽恼露温銫說到“Knowingthatsmartphoneusehasincreasedtogetherwithsleepdeprivationrates,Marcusandhiscolleaguesdecidedtoinvestigatewhetherthetwomightberelated.（了解到智能手機(jī)的使用和睡眠不足的比例一起增加，馬庫(kù)斯和他的同事們決定調(diào)查這兩者是否有關(guān)聯(lián)。）”，該句與題干意思相匹配，因此段落C正確。

16.主旨大意題。題干意思為“數(shù)字設(shè)備的使用也會(huì)影響兒童的睡眠?！蔽恼露温銴說到“Thoughmostofthesenegativeeffectshavebeenstudiedexclusivelyinadults,children’ssleepisalsoaffectedbytechnology,accordingtoanunrelatedstudy.（盡管大多數(shù)這些負(fù)面影響只在成年人身上進(jìn)行了研究，但另一項(xiàng)不相關(guān)的研究表明，兒童的睡眠也受到科技產(chǎn)品的影響。）”，該句與題干意思相匹配，因此段落K正確。

17.主旨大意題。題干意思為“為了確保他的研究是客觀的，馬庫(kù)斯要求他的研究對(duì)象提供更多的生活細(xì)節(jié)，而不僅僅是睡眠時(shí)間和睡眠質(zhì)量?！倍温銯說到“So,whenansweringthesleepassessmentquestions,participantsalsoentereddemographicdataplusinformationabouttheiralcoholuse,physicalactivity,smokinghabitsandotherhealthissues.（因此，在回答睡眠評(píng)估問題時(shí)，參與者還輸入了人口統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，以及有關(guān)他們的酒精使用、體育活動(dòng)、吸煙習(xí)慣和其他健康問題的信息。）”，該句與題干意思相匹配，因此段落F正確。

18.主旨大意題。題干意思為“研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，花更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間玩智能手機(jī)的人更有可能睡眠不好?！蔽恼露温銰說到“Andpoorqualitysleepwasmorelikelyforparticipantswhousedtheirsmartphonesnearbedtime.（睡眠質(zhì)量差的人更有可能在睡前使用智能手機(jī)。）”，該句與題干意思相匹配，因此段落G正確。

19.主旨大意題。題干意思為“馬庫(kù)斯承認(rèn)，有些人晚上睡不著覺的原因與使用手機(jī)無關(guān)?！蔽恼露温銱說到“Wecan’texcludethepossibilitythatsomepeoplecan’tsleepforsomecompletelyunrelatedreason,andbecausetheycan’tsleep,they’reusingtheirsmartphone,justtopassthetime.（我們不能排除一些人因?yàn)橥耆珶o關(guān)的原因無法入睡的可能性，因?yàn)樗麄儫o法入睡，所以他們使用智能手機(jī)，只是為了打發(fā)時(shí)間。）”，該句與題干意思相匹配，因此段落H正確。

20.主旨大意題。題干意思為“睡眠是我們的基本生理需要，缺乏睡眠可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致我們的身體功能下降?！蔽恼露温銳說到“Whenanimals,includinghumans,aredeprivedofsleep,therearemanybodysystemsthatfail.（當(dāng)動(dòng)物，包括人類，被剝奪睡眠時(shí)，許多身體系統(tǒng)會(huì)失效。）”，該句與題干意思相匹配，因此段落J正確。

5.翻譯題

Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessandwhatitcandoforusnowthanformerly.Summerhomes，Europeanvacations,travel,BMW's—suchitemsdonotseemlessindemandthantheydidadecadeortwoyearsago.Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotadmittheirdreamsaseasilyandopenlyastheyoncecould,lesttheybethoughtofaspushing,acquisitive,andvulgar.Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhapsnotsooutstanding,theproperactionseemstobe,“Succeedatallcostsbutrefrainfromappearingambitious.”Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangles,whileitspublicdefendersarefewandineffective.Asaresult,thesupportforambitionasahealthyimpulse,aqualitytobeadmiredandcultivatedintheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeenintheUnitedStates.Thisdoesnotmeanthatambitionisatanend,thatpeoplenolongerfeelitsurges,butonlythatsinceitisnolongeropenlyhonored,itisthereforelessoftenopenlyprofessed.Consequencesfollowfromthis,ofcourse,someofwhicharethatambitionisdrivenundergroundormadedevious.

【答案】當(dāng)然，相比于從前，人們對(duì)于成功以及成功給我們帶來的東西興趣似乎不會(huì)減少。人們對(duì)避暑別墅、歐洲旅行、旅游、寶馬這類事物的需求相比一二十年前似乎也沒有減少。情況是人們現(xiàn)在不敢簡(jiǎn)單公開地像以前那樣承認(rèn)自己的夢(mèng)想，怕被認(rèn)為是急功近利、貪得無厭和庸俗的人。對(duì)于這樣的人，或許還有很多不那么優(yōu)秀的人，正確的做法是：不惜一切代價(jià)取得成功，但是要避免變得野心勃勃。人們從各個(gè)角度對(duì)野心有很多批評(píng)，但是公開批評(píng)者很少，并且顯得很無力。因此，在美國(guó)，將雄心看作是一種健康的動(dòng)力，一種可敬的從年輕就開始培養(yǎng)了的品質(zhì)，這很少有人支持。這并不意味著雄心已經(jīng)沒有了，也不意味著人們不再感受到雄心帶來的驅(qū)動(dòng)力，相反地，因?yàn)椴辉俟_推崇，那么也不會(huì)公開宣揚(yáng)了。這樣做帶來的結(jié)果是，雄心以一種私下看不見的方式驅(qū)動(dòng)著人們。

6.單選題

Thepopularityofthefilmshowsthatthereviewers’fearswerecompletely（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unjustified

B.unjust

C.misguided

D.unaccepted

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)unjustified表示“不公正的；不必要的”，B選項(xiàng)unjust表示“非正義的”，C選項(xiàng)misguided表示“被誤導(dǎo)的”，D選項(xiàng)unaccepted表示“未被接納的；被拒絕的；不承擔(dān)的”。根據(jù)句意可知，這部電影的受歡迎程度表明審核員的擔(dān)心是完全沒必要的。因此，A選項(xiàng)最符合原文句意，故本題最佳答案為A選項(xiàng)。

7.單選題

Plantsraisedingreenhousesaretendedmethodicallyinanattempttocreatethebestpossibleconditionsfortheirgrowth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.systematically

B.naturally

C.personally

D.lovingly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。methodically表示“有方法地，有系統(tǒng)地”；A項(xiàng)systematically“系統(tǒng)地”，B項(xiàng)naturally“自然地”，C項(xiàng)personally“個(gè)人地”，D項(xiàng)lovingly“親切地，鐘愛地”。句意：在溫室里培育的植物受到系統(tǒng)地照料，盡可能為它們的生長(zhǎng)創(chuàng)造最好的可能條件。根據(jù)句意該題選A。

8.寫作題

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenwriteasummaryofitinEnglishinabout120words.Thesummaryyoumakeshoulddemonstrateyourverbalskillsinorganizingtheoriginalinformationandkeepthewordlimit.WriteyoursummaryontheANSWERSHEET.

Developmentsin19thcenturyEuropeareboundedbytwogreatevents.TheFrenchRevolutionbrokeoutin1789,anditseffectsreverberatedthroughoutmuchofEuropeformanydecades.WorldWarⅠbeganin1914.ItsinceptionresultedfrommanytrendsinEuropeansociety,culture,anddiplomacyduringthelate19thcentury.Inbetweentheseboundaries—theoneopeninganewsetoftrends,theotherbringinglong-standingtensionstoahead—muchofmodernEuropewasdefined.

Europeduringthis125-yearspanwasbothunitedanddeeplydivided.Anumberofbasicculturaltrends,includingnewliterarystylesandthespreadofscience,ranthroughtheentirecontinent.Europeanstateswereincreasinglylockedindiplomaticinteraction,culminatingincontinentwidealliancesystemafter1871.Atthesametime,thiswasthecenturyofgrowingnationalism,inwhichindividualstatesjealouslyprotectedtheiridentitiesandindeedestablishedmorerigorousbordercontrolsthaneverbefore.Finally,theEuropeancontinentwastoanextentdividedbetweentwozonesofdifferentialdevelopment.ChangessuchastheIndustrialRevolutionandpoliticalliberalizationspreadfirstandfastestinWesternEurope—Britain,France,theLowCountries,Scandinavia,and,toanextent,GermanyandItaly.EasternandsouthernEurope,moreruralattheoutsetoftheperiod,changedmoreslowlyandinsomewhatdifferentways.

Europewitnessedimportantcommonpatternsandincreasinginterconnections,butthesedevelopmentsmustbeassessedintermsofnation-statedivisionsand,evenmore,oflargerregions,differences.Sometrends,includingtheongoingimpactoftheFrenchRevolution,ranthroughvirtuallytheentire19thcentury.Othercharacteristics,however,hadashorterlifespan.

Somehistoriansprefertodivide19thcenturyhistoryintorelativelysmallchunks.Thus1789-1815isdefinedbytheFrenchRevolutionandNapoleon;1815-48formsaperiodofreactionandadjustment;1848-1871isdominatedbyanewroundofrevolutionandtheunificationsoftheGermanandItaliannations;and1871-1914,anageofimperialism,isshapedbynewkindsofpoliticaldebateandthepressuresthatculminatedinwar.Overridingtheseimportantmarkers,however,asimplerdivisioncanalsobeuseful.Between1789and1849EuropedealtwiththeforcesofpoliticalrevolutionandthefirstimpactoftheIndustrialRevolution.Between1849and1914afullerindustrialsocietyemerged,includingnewformsofstatesandofdiplomaticandmilitaryalignments.Themid-19thcentury,ineitherformulation,loomsasaparticularlyimportantpointoftransitionwithintheextended19thcentury.

【答案】【參考例文】

TheFrenchRevolutionandWorldWarⅠplayedimportantrolesindevelopmentsin19thcenturyEurope.Social,culturalanddiplomaticfactorsformedmodernEurope.From1789to1914,Europespanwasbothunitedanddeeplydivided.Europeanstateswererelativelystableuntil1871.Atthesametime,nationalismappeared.WesternEuropedevelopedfast,whileEasternandSouthernEuropechangedslowly.Duringthisperiod,sometrendslastedforalongtime,suchastheFrenchRevolution,whileothertrendshadashorterlifeofspan.Somehistoriansprefertodivide19thcenturyhistoryintofourchunks:1789-1815,1815-48,1848-1871,1871-1914.Therewasalsoasimplerandusefuldivision:1789-1849and1849-1914.Ineitherformulation,themid-19thcenturyisanimportantpointoftransitionintheEuropeanhistory.

9.單選題

Whenthepartyfinishedat11o’clock,theballoonsmyunclehad（）atourdinnertablehadmostofthemexploded.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.blownup

B.blownover

C.blownout

D.blownin

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。blowup“吹脹”，本句意為“……叔叔吹脹放在餐桌上的氣球，大部分都爆了”，想要的表達(dá)的意思是吹脹的氣球爆了。選項(xiàng)A正確。

10.單選題

Thesupervisordidn’thavetimesofartogointoit（）,buthegaveusanideaabouthisplan.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.athand

B.inturn

C.inconclusion

D.atlength

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)athand“在手邊，即將到來”；B選項(xiàng)inturn“輪流，依次”；C選項(xiàng)inconclusion“總之，最后”；D選項(xiàng)atlength“詳細(xì)地”。句意：導(dǎo)師目前沒有時(shí)間進(jìn)行詳細(xì)說明，但他就自己的計(jì)劃給了我們一個(gè)大概的看法。根據(jù)后半部分的“gaveusanidea”可知，選項(xiàng)D符合語境。

11.單選題

（）,wedrovethehorsesintothestable.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Awarethatatornadowasbrewing

B.Becauseatornadobrewing

C.Althoughatornadowasbrewing

D.Atornadowasbrewing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞作狀語辨析。形容詞短語作狀語，相當(dāng)于“being+形容詞”的分詞短語作狀語。句意：……我們把馬趕到馬廄里。結(jié)合句意，A選項(xiàng)“Awarethatatornadowasbrewing”（意識(shí)到一場(chǎng)龍卷風(fēng)正在醞釀）符合題意，可知A選項(xiàng)正確。因此答案為A選項(xiàng)。

12.單選題

（）ofover5%areattractiveifthedollarreallyisgoingtostabilize.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Manufactures

B.Yields

C.Creating

D.Receiving

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)Manufactures“產(chǎn)品”；B選項(xiàng)Yields“生產(chǎn)量，收益”；C選項(xiàng)Creating“創(chuàng)造”；D選項(xiàng)Receiving“接受”。句意：如果美元真的要穩(wěn)定下來，超過5%的_____率是有吸引力的。根據(jù)邏輯，前半句講到要穩(wěn)定下來，那么之后說的應(yīng)該也是“收益率”，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

To___freedomagainsttyranny,ourfatherslaiddowntheserules.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ensure

B.guarantee

C.assure

D.fulfill

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ensure“保證，確保（側(cè)重使人相信某個(gè)行為或力量產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果）；使安全”；B選項(xiàng)guarantee“保證；擔(dān)保（指對(duì)事物的品質(zhì)或人的行為及履行義務(wù)、義務(wù)等承擔(dān)責(zé)任的保證）”；C選項(xiàng)assure“保證；擔(dān)保（側(cè)重指消除某人思想上的懷疑或擔(dān)心，從而有達(dá)到目的的保證感）；使確信；弄清楚”；D選項(xiàng)fulfill“履行；實(shí)現(xiàn)；滿足；使結(jié)束”。句意：為了___反對(duì)暴政的自由，我們的先輩制定了這些規(guī)則。本句側(cè)重表達(dá)“確保達(dá)到反對(duì)暴政的自由這一目的”。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

MissRosemaryAdangwentthroughthecompositioncarefullyto（）allerrorsfromit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eliminate

B.terminate

C.illuminate

D.alleviate

【答案】A

【解析】同形詞辨析題。eliminate“排除；消除”；terminate“結(jié)束；終結(jié)”；illuminate“照亮”；alleviate“減輕；緩和”，“仔細(xì)地瀏覽作文”的目的是“排除錯(cuò)誤”，符合邏輯，所以此處應(yīng)該使用動(dòng)詞eliminate，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)A。句意為：羅斯瑪麗亞當(dāng)小姐仔細(xì)地瀏覽作文，以排除所有錯(cuò)誤。

15.單選題

Thedaywasbreakingandpeoplebegantogotoworksothemurdererwasunableto（）ofthebody.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dispense

B.dispose

C.discard

D.discharge

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)dispense“分配，分發(fā)”；C選項(xiàng)discard“丟棄，拋棄”；D選項(xiàng)discharge“卸貨，放出”。句意：因?yàn)樘炝亮巳藗冮_始去上班，所以兇手無法處理尸體。此外，dispose與of為固定搭配，意思是“處置，處理”。所以只有B選項(xiàng)符合。

16.單選題

______thedoorthansomebodystartedknockingonit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ihadclosednosooner

B.Ihadnosoonerclosed

C.NosoonerhaveIclosed

D.NosoonerIclosed

【答案】B

【解析】考查時(shí)間狀語從句。句意：我剛關(guān)上門，就有人開始敲門。nosooner…than是固定搭配，意為“一……就……”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，主句用過去完成時(shí)，than后面的從句用一般過去時(shí)，基本用法為：主語+hadnosoonerdonesth.than+主語+did。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.翻譯題

隨著地球上人口的增加，人類依靠土地資源生存變得越來越困難。土地的總量是有限的。雖然使用拖拉機(jī)等機(jī)械和施用化肥可以提高農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量，但是土地最終所能產(chǎn)出的糧食只有那么多，不會(huì)再增加。隨著人口越來越多，人類的消耗也越來越多。很明顯，地球上某些地區(qū)人口已經(jīng)飽和；在這其中的許多地區(qū)，未來的人口增長(zhǎng)肯定會(huì)帶來更多的貧窮和苦難。然而，富裕國(guó)家的人們所使用的自然資源的比例，如糧食和能源，則遠(yuǎn)大于貧窮國(guó)家的人們，他們毫無節(jié)制地使用在另一方面會(huì)造成資源的巨大浪費(fèi)。

【答案】AsthenumberofpeopleonEarthincreases,itbecomesincreasinglydifficultforthepopulationtosurviveontheresourcesoftheland.Theamountoflandislimited.Althoughagriculturalproductioncanbeincreasedbyuseofmachinerysuchastractorsandtheadditionoffertilizer,thelandultimatelycanproduceonlysomuchfoodandnomore.Asthehumanpopulationgrows,peopleconsumemore.Clearly,somelocationsonEarthalreadyhavetoomanypeople,inmanyoftheseareas,futureincreaseswillsurelybringaboutmorepovertyandsuffering.Yetpeopleinrichnationsuseproportionallyfarmoreoftheavailableresourcesthanpeopleinpoorernations.Astheyconsumetheseresourceswithoutrestraint,theyalsowastelargeamountsofthem.

18.單選題

Thetwopaintingsbythegreatartistembodythe（

）styleofthetimesandtheimpulsesthatwouldtransformChinesecontemporaryart.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.iconoclastic

B.heterodoxy

C.recluse

D.phantasmal

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞和形容詞詞義辨析。iconoclastic打破舊習(xí)的；偶像破壞的；heterodoxy異端，異端邪說；recluse隱居的；phantasmal幻影的；幽靈的；空想的。句意：這位偉大的藝術(shù)家所作的這兩幅畫體現(xiàn)了這個(gè)時(shí)代（

）風(fēng)格和將徹底改變中國(guó)當(dāng)代藝術(shù)的沖動(dòng)。由theimpulsesthatwouldtransformChinesecontemporaryart.這句中的transformChinesecontemporaryart“徹底改變中國(guó)當(dāng)代藝術(shù)”可知空格處所填單詞應(yīng)具有打破舊習(xí)的意思，故答案為A。

19.單選題

Thestudentshavelauncheda(n)（）tofightagainstcheatingonexams.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.action

B.activity

C.campaign

D.behavior

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.action行動(dòng)；行為過程B.activity（事情發(fā)生或發(fā)展的）狀況；（忙碌或積極的）行為；行動(dòng)

C.campaign（為取得某目的而組織的）活動(dòng)，運(yùn)動(dòng)D.behavior行為，舉止

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】根據(jù)后半句句意“反對(duì)考試作弊”可知，launcheda(n)______表示的是“發(fā)起了一場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)”，且launchacampaign為固定搭配，意為“發(fā)起運(yùn)動(dòng)”，所以該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】學(xué)生們發(fā)起了一場(chǎng)反對(duì)考試作弊的運(yùn)動(dòng)。

20.單選題

AbullgrazesondrywheathusksinLogan,Kansas,oneoftheregionshitbytherecorddroughtthathasaffectedmorethanhalfoftheUSandisexpectedtodriveupfoodprices.

Leadingwaterscientistshaveissuedoneofthesternestwarningsyetaboutglobalfoodsupplies,sayingthattheworld’spopulationmayhavetoswitchalmostcompletelytoavegetariandietoverthenext40yearstoavoidcatastrophicshortages.

Adoptingavegetariandietisoneoptiontoincreasetheamountofwateravailabletogrowmorefoodinanincreasinglyclimate-unstableworld,thescientistssaid.Animalprotein-richfoodconsumes5to10timesmorewaterthanavegetariandiet.Onethirdoftheworld’sarablelandisusedtogrowcropstofeedanimals.Otheroptionstofeedpeopleincludeeliminatingwasteandincreasingtradebetweencountriesinfoodsurplusandthoseindeficit.

“900millionpeoplealreadygohungryand2millionpeoplearemalnourishedinspiteofthefactthatpercapitafoodproductioncontinuestoincrease.”theysaid.“With70%ofallavailablewaterbeinginagriculture,growingmorefoodtofeedanadditional2billionpeopleby2050willplacepressureonavailablewaterandland.”

ThereportisbeingreleasedatthestartoftheannualworldwaterconferenceinStockholm,Sweden,where2,500politicians,UNbodies,non-governmentalgroupsandresearchersfrom120countriesmeettoaddressglobalwatersupplyproblems.

Competitionforwaterbetweenfoodproductionandotheruseswillintensifypressureonessentialresources,thescientistssaid.“TheUNpredictsthatwemustincreasefoundproductionby70%bymid21thcentury.Thiswillplaceadditionalpressureonour‘a(chǎn)lreadystressedwaterresources’atatimewhenwealsoneedtoallocatemorewatertosatisfyglobalenergydemand…whichisexpectedtorise60%overthecoming30years—andtogenerateelectricityforthe1.3billionpeoplecurrentlywithoutit”saidthereport.

Overeating,undernourishmentandwasteareallontheriseandincreasedfoodproductionmayfacefutureconstraintsfromwaterscarcity.

“Wewillneedanewrecipetofeedtheworldinthefuture,”saidthereport’seditor,AndersJagerskog.

AseparatereportfromtheInternationalWaterManagementInstitute(IWMI)saidthebestwayforcountriestoprotectmillionsoffarmersfromfoodinsecurityinsub-SaharanAfricaandsouthAsiawastohelptheminvestinsmallpumpsandsimpletechnology,ratherthantodevelopexpensive,large-scaleirrigationprojects.

“Farmeracrossthedevelopingworldareincreasinglyrelyingonandbenefitingfromsmall-scale,locally-relevantwatersolutions.Thesetechniquescouldincreaseyieldsupto300%andaddtensofbillionsofUSdollarstohouseholdrevenuesacrosssubSaharanAfricaandsouthAsia,”SaidDr.ColinChartres,thedirectorgeneral.

56.Whatcanbeinferredfromthewaterscientists’warning?

57.Whatdothescientistssaycanbedonetoincreasefoodsupply?

58.Accordingtothewaterscientists’report,______.

59.Inregardtotheproblemofwatersupply,scientistsbelieve______.

60.WhatdoestheIWMIsayisthebestsolutiontofoodinsecurityinsub-SaharanAfricaandsouthAsia?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TherecorddroughtforceshalfoftheUStogohungry.

B.TherecorddroughtdrivesupfoodpricesintheUS.

C.Severefoodshortagemayhappenwithoutpropermeasures.

D.Avegetariandietistheonlyoptiontoavoiddisastrousshortages.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Growmoreanimalprotein-richfood.

B.Turnpasturesintoarablelands.

C.Promotetradebetweencountriesself-sufficientinfood.

D.Increasetheamountofwaterforfoodproduction.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.percapitafoodproductionhasbeenincreasing

B.reducedfoodsupplywillmakemorepeoplemalnourished

C.70%ofwaterwillbeusedtofeed2billionpeopleby2050

D.researchersbegintoseeksolutionstotacklewaterproblem

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.morewatershouldbeallocatedtosatisfyenergydemand

B.foodproductionmustbeincreasedto70%bymid-century

C.energydemandwillintensifypressureonwaterresources

D.electricitygenerationmustbeincreasedby60%30yearslater

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Applyingsmallpumpsandsimpletechnology.

B.Launchinglarge-scaleirrigationprojects.

C.Increasethelocalhouseholdrevenues.

D.Investinginanewexpensiveirrigationproject.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】56.推理判斷題。題干意思是“從水科學(xué)家的警告中可以推斷出什么？”。根據(jù)第二段Leadingwaterscientistshaveissuedoneofthesternestwarningsyetaboutglobalfoodsupplies,sayingthattheworld’spopulationmayhavetoswitchalmostcompletelytoavegetariandietoverthenext40yearstoavoidcatastrophicshortages.（主要的水科學(xué)家發(fā)布了迄今為止關(guān)于全球食物供應(yīng)最嚴(yán)厲的警告之一，他們說，為了避免災(zāi)難性的食物短缺，世界人口可能不得不在未來40年幾乎完全轉(zhuǎn)向素食）可推斷，如果不采取措施，人們就將面臨食物短缺的問題；故C項(xiàng)“如果不采取適當(dāng)措施，可能會(huì)發(fā)生嚴(yán)重的食物短缺”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的干旱迫使一半的美國(guó)人挨餓”，文章只提到創(chuàng)世紀(jì)的干旱影響了美國(guó)一半以上的地區(qū)將提高食品價(jià)格，并沒有明確提及挨餓；B項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的干旱抬高了美國(guó)的食品價(jià)格”，不只是美國(guó)，世界的食品價(jià)格將會(huì)提高；D項(xiàng)“素食是避免嚴(yán)重短缺的唯一選擇”表述太絕對(duì)，素食只是其中一種辦法。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

57.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“科學(xué)家們說可以做些什么來增加食物供應(yīng)？”。根據(jù)第三段第一句Adoptingavegetariandietisoneoptiontoincreasetheamountofwateravailabletogrowmorefoodinanincreasinglyclimate-unstableworld,thescientistssaid.（科學(xué)家們說，在一個(gè)氣候日益不穩(wěn)定的世界里，采用素食是增加水資源利用率以種植更多糧食的一種選擇）可知，可以通過增加用于食物生產(chǎn)的水資源來增加食物供應(yīng)，D項(xiàng)“增加糧食生產(chǎn)用水”正確。第三段第二句提到Animalprotein-richfoodconsumes5to10timesmorewaterthanavegetariandiet.（富含動(dòng)物蛋白質(zhì)的食物比素食多消耗5到10倍的水）可知，A項(xiàng)“種植更多富含動(dòng)物蛋白質(zhì)的食物”錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句Onethirdoftheworld’sarablelandisusedtogrowcropstofeedanimals.（世界上三分之一的可耕地被用來種植喂養(yǎng)動(dòng)物的作物）可知，把可耕地變?yōu)槟翀?chǎng)也是選擇之一，B項(xiàng)“把牧場(chǎng)變成可耕地”錯(cuò)誤；第三段最后一句提到Otheroptionstofeedpeopleincludeeliminatingwasteandincreasingtradebetweencountriesinfoodsurplusandthoseindeficit.（養(yǎng)活人民的其他選擇包括消除浪費(fèi)和增加糧食盈余國(guó)家和糧食赤字國(guó)家之間的貿(mào)易），可知C項(xiàng)“促進(jìn)糧食自給自足國(guó)家之間的貿(mào)易”也不正確。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

58.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)水科學(xué)家的報(bào)告，……”。根據(jù)第四段第一句900millionpeoplealreadygohungryand2millionpeoplearemalnourishedinspiteofthefactthatpercapitafoodproductioncontinuestoincrease（盡管人均糧食產(chǎn)量繼續(xù)增加，但已有9億人在挨餓，200萬人營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良）可知，A項(xiàng)“人均糧食產(chǎn)量一