考研考博-英語-蘭州職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-蘭州職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

2.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.(10%)

中國政府已做出了重大的努力，動員人民因地制宜地開展改善生態(tài)環(huán)境的工作。我們還要做出更大的努力來提高人們的環(huán)境意識。需要新聞媒體廣泛宣傳我國的環(huán)境政策，普及環(huán)境知識，使每一個人投入保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境的行動中去。

【答案】TheChinesegovernmenthasmadegreateffortstomobilizepeopletoimproveecologicalenvironmentaccordingtolocalconditions.Wewilldoubleourefforttoraisepeople’sawarenessofenvironment.Thenewsmediaareneededtopublicizetheenvironmentalpolicyinourcountry,popularizetheknowledgeaboutenvironment,makingeverycitizentakeanactivepartinecologicalenvironmentprotection.

2.單選題

Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary,flyinginthefaceofwhatisacceptableandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulation,highlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.However,theideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtoarts,eventhoughitmaybevalidforthesciences.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtotheroleofdata,servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisverydifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare'sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpower;norisPicasso'spaintingGuernicaprimarilyapropositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascismWhathighlycreativeartisticactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploit,inaninnovativeway,thelimitsofanexistingform,ratherthantranscendthatform.

Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishesanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield;thecomposerMonteverdi,whocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvalue,comestomind.Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichaslittlebearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.Ontheotherband,Mozart'sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthemasterpiecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.

ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionsrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikinglyoriginalways.

1.TheauthorimpliesthatBeethoven'smusicwasstrikinglyoriginalbecauseBeethoven（）.

2.Theauthorconsidersanewtheorythatcoherentlyrelatesdiversephenomenatooneanothertobethe（）.

3.ThepassagestatesthattheoperasofFlorentineCamerataare（）.

4.Theauthorregardstheideathatallhighlycreativeartistictranscendslimitswith（）.

5.ThepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringallofthefollowingquestionsEXCEPT（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.manipulatedtheestablishedconventionsofmusicalcompositioninahighlyinnovativefashion

B.fundamentallychangedthemusicalformsofhispredecessorsbyadoptingarichlyinventivestrategy

C.embellishedandInterwovethemelodiesofseveralofthegreatcomposerswhoprecededhim

D.strovetooutdohispredecessorsbybecomingthefirstcomposertoexploitlimits

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.basisforreaffirmingawell-establishedscientificformulation

B.byproductofanaestheticexperience

C.resultofhighlycreativescientificcreativity

D.toolusedbyascientisttodiscoveranewparticular.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.unjustifiablyignoredbymusicologists

B.notgenerallyconsideredtobeofhighaestheticvalueeventhoughtheyareimportantinthehistoryofmusic

C.amongthoseworksinwhichpopularhistoricalthemeswereportrayedinamusicalproduction

D.ofteninappropriatelycitedasexamplesofmusicalworksinwhichanewprincipleoforganizationwasintroduced

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.moderateamusement

B.strongindignation

C.markedindifference

D.deepskepticism

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Hasunusualcreativeactivitybeencharacterizedasrevolutionary?

B.WhobesidesMonteverdiwrotemusicthattheauthorwouldconsidertoembodynewprinciplesoforganizationandtobeofhighaestheticvalue?

C.IsMozart'sTheMarriageofFigaroanexampleofacreativeworkthattranscendedlimits?

D.DidBeethovenworkwithinamusicaltradition:thatalsoincludedHandelandBach?

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目問的是“作者認(rèn)為貝多芬的音樂具有一種令人矚目的獨(dú)創(chuàng)性，因?yàn)樨惗喾摇薄Ｎ恼伦詈笠欢翁岬截惗喾掖蚱屏顺Ｒ?guī)，把音樂從令人窒息的陳規(guī)陋習(xí)中解放出來。但是仔細(xì)研究他的作品會發(fā)現(xiàn)，貝多芬并沒有推翻認(rèn)為原則。相反，他是一位無與倫比的戰(zhàn)略家，他以驚人的獨(dú)創(chuàng)方式利用各種從前輩那里繼承下來的限制條件，比如規(guī)則、形式和慣例（IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionsrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits--therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach--instrikinglyoriginalways），由此可知選項(xiàng)A“以一種高度創(chuàng)造性的方式利用已有的慣例”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“作者認(rèn)為一種把各種現(xiàn)象連貫地聯(lián)系起來的新理論是……”。文章第一段提到“對于科學(xué)來說，一個新的理論是創(chuàng)造行為的目標(biāo)和最終結(jié)果。創(chuàng)新的科學(xué)產(chǎn)生新的命題，在這些命題中，不同的現(xiàn)象可以以更連貫的方式彼此關(guān)聯(lián)”（Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways），由此可知選項(xiàng)C“是高創(chuàng)造性科學(xué)的結(jié)果”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“文章中提出佛羅倫薩歌劇是……”。文章第二段提到一般來說，一首樂曲是否在音樂史上確立了一個新的原則與它的美學(xué)價值幾乎沒有關(guān)系。一些音樂作品，比如佛羅倫薩樂團(tuán)的歌劇，因?yàn)榘艘环N新的組織形式，而具有顯著的歷史重要性，但是很少有聽眾或音樂家會把這些作品列入偉大的音樂作品之列（Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichaslittlebearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic），因此選項(xiàng)B“雖然它們在音樂史上很重要，但一般認(rèn)為沒有很高的美學(xué)價值”符合題意。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題目問的是“作者認(rèn)為一切具有高度創(chuàng)造性的藝術(shù)都是超越界限的……”。文章第一段提到“由高創(chuàng)造性藝術(shù)產(chǎn)生的美學(xué)細(xì)節(jié)只會是對現(xiàn)有模式限制的延伸，而不會是對其超越”（Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploit,inaninnovativeway,thelimitsofanexistingform,ratherthantranscendthatform），由此可知作者對于那種認(rèn)為創(chuàng)造性藝術(shù)可以超越現(xiàn)有模式限制的觀點(diǎn)是不認(rèn)可的，因此選項(xiàng)D“深度懷疑”符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“這篇文章提供了回答以下所有問題的信息，除了……”。文章第一段提到“非凡的創(chuàng)造性活動被認(rèn)為是革命性的”（Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary），由此可知選項(xiàng)A“不尋常的創(chuàng)造性活動被定性為革命嗎？”在文章中有回復(fù)的信息，排除；文章最后一段提到“莫扎特的《費(fèi)加羅的婚禮》無疑是音樂的杰作之一，盡管它的適度創(chuàng)新僅限于擴(kuò)展現(xiàn)有的手段”（Mozart'sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthemasterpiecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans），由此可知選項(xiàng)C得到了回答，排除；文章最后一段提到貝多芬打破了常規(guī)，把音樂從令人窒息的陳規(guī)陋習(xí)中解放出來。但是仔細(xì)研究他的作品會發(fā)現(xiàn)，貝多芬并沒有推翻認(rèn)為原則。相反，他是一位無與倫比的戰(zhàn)略家，他以驚人的獨(dú)創(chuàng)方式利用各種從前輩那里繼承下來的限制條件，比如規(guī)則、形式和慣例（IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionsrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits--therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach--instrikinglyoriginalways），由此可知選項(xiàng)B在文章得到了回答，排除。綜上，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.單選題

One’schancesofgettingintocollegecanbebolsteredbywritinganeffectiveapplicationessay.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.boasted

B.gratified

C.strengthened

D.indulged

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。題干bolstered“加強(qiáng)，改善”。A項(xiàng)“自夸；自吹自擂”，B項(xiàng)“使高興；使?jié)M意”，C項(xiàng)“加強(qiáng)；增強(qiáng)”，D項(xiàng)“沉湎，沉迷”。因此選C。句意：通過撰寫有效的申請論文，可以提高一個人上大學(xué)的機(jī)會。

4.單選題

Despitetremendousachievements,formidableobstaclestodevelopmentwillpersist.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.difficultt

B.sustainablet

C.externalt

D.unpredictable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。formidable表示“強(qiáng)大的，可怕的”；A項(xiàng)difficult“困難的，艱難的”，B項(xiàng)sustainable“可以忍受的，足以支撐的”，C項(xiàng)external“外部的，外表的”，D項(xiàng)unpredictable“不可預(yù)知的，出乎意料的”。句意：盡管取得了巨大成就，但發(fā)展仍將面臨巨大障礙。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Ourape-menforefathershadnoobviousweaponsinthestruggleforsurvivalintheopen.Theyhadneitherthepowerfulteethnorthe（1）clawsofthebigcats.Theycouldnot（2）withthebear,whosestrength,speedandclaws（3）animpressive“small-fire”weaponry.Theycouldnotevendefendthemselves（4）runningswiftlylikehorse,zebrasorsmallanimals.Iftheape-menhadattemptedtocompeteonthosetermsintheopen,theywouldhavebeen（5）tofailureandextinction.Buttheywere（6）withenormousconcealedadvantagesofakindnot（7）byanyoftheircompetitors.

Inthesearch（8）thepickingsoftheforest,theape-manhad（9）efficientstereoscopicvisionandasenseofcolor（10）theanimalsofthegrasslandsdidnotpossess.Theabilitytoseeclearlyatcloserange（11）theape-mentostudypracticalproblemsinawaythatlayfar（12）hereachoftheoriginalinhabitantsofthegrassland.Goodlongdistancesightwas（13）anothermatter.Lackoflong-distancevisionhadnotbeenaproblemforforest-dwellingapesandmonkeysbecausethehighertheviewpoint,thegreatertherangeofsight,so（14）theyhadhadtodowasclimbatree.Outintheopen,however,thissimplesolutionwasnot（15）.Climbingahillwouldhavehelped,butinmanyplacesthegroundwasflat.Theape-men（16）theonlypossiblesolution.Theyrearedupashighas（17）ontheirhindlimbsandbegantowalkupright.Thisvitalchangeofphysicalpositionbroughtaboutconsiderabledisadvantages.Itwasextremelyunstableanditmeantthatthealreadyslowape-manbecameslowerstill.（18）theyperseveredandtheirbonestructuregraduallybecame（19）tothenew,unstablepositionthat（20）themthenameHomoerectus,uprightman.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.big

B.weak

C.strong

D.small

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.match

B.compare

C.rival

D.equal

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.became

B.equipped

C.posed

D.provided

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.upon

C.by

D.with

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.driven

B.doomed

C.forced

D.led

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.bestowed

B.given

C.presented

D.endowed

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.managed

B.possessed

C.posed

D.opposed

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.of

C.on

D.at

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.progressed

B.generated

C.developed

D.advanced

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.as

C.what

D.that

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.urged

B.permitted

C.banned

D.caused

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.from

B.apart

C.beyond

D.above

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.rather

B.quite

C.much

D.really

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.anything

B.that

C.everything

D.all

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.available

B.enough

C.sufficient

D.convenient

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.chose

B.adopted

C.accepted

D.took

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.valuable

B.acceptable

C.possible

D.able

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.However

B.Therefore

C.Meanwhile

D.Subsequently

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.suited

B.familiarized

C.adapted

D.accustomed

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.obtained

B.called

C.deserved

D.earned

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:D

第7題:B

第8題:B

第9題:C

第10題:D

第11題:B

第12題:C

第13題:B

第14題:D

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:C

第18題:A

第19題:C

第20題:D

【解析】（1）考查前后邏輯。neither…nor…“既不······也不······”，兩個詞接后面接類似的詞，neither后面接的是powerful，所以nor后面應(yīng)該接四個選項(xiàng)里的strong。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（2）考查動詞詞義辨析。match“使匹配，使相稱”；compare“比較”；rival“與······競爭”；equal“等于，比得上”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵核麄儽炔簧瞎沸埽沸艿牧α?、速度和爪子都能夠提供很好的武器。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（3）考查動詞詞義辨析。become“成為”；equip“裝備；配備”；pose“擺姿勢”；provide“提供”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟鈪⒖嫉?2題，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（4）考查介詞詞義辨析?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵核麄兩踔敛荒芟耨R和斑馬那樣通過奔跑來保護(hù)自己。by“通過”，符合題意。

（5）考查動詞詞組辨析。bedrivento“沉浸于”；bedoomedtosth.“注定”；beforcedto“被迫”；leadto“導(dǎo)致”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵喝绻粋€類人猿試圖在野外與其他動物搏斗，他們注定失敗并且滅絕。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（6）考查動詞詞義辨析。bestow“贈給”，常與on或upon搭配；give“給”，常與to搭配；present“贈予”，常與with搭配；endow“天生具有，賦予”，一般用被動式與with搭配?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵核麄兲焐鷵碛衅渌魏胃偁帉κ炙痪哂械哪撤N巨大的隱蔽的優(yōu)勢。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（7）考查動詞詞義辨析。manage“成功做”；possess“占有”；pose“擺姿勢”；oppose“反對”。空格處所在句子的句意參考第36題。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（8）考查固定搭配。inthesearchof是固定搭配，“在尋找······的過程中”。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（9）考查動詞詞義辨析。generate“生成，產(chǎn)生”；progress“進(jìn)展，進(jìn)步”；develop“形成，獲得”；advance“前進(jìn)，發(fā)展”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐窃谏娓偁幹蓄惾嗽持鸩叫纬闪擞行У?、草地動物不具有的立體視覺和顏色辨色能力。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（10）考查定語從句。先行詞是efficientstereoscopicvisionandasenseofcolor，先行詞有兩個，所以只能用that。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（11）考查動詞詞義辨析。urge“催促”；permit“允許”；ban“禁止”；cause“引起”?？崭裉幥懊鎡heabilitytoseeclearlyatcloserange“能夠近距離看到目標(biāo)的能力”這個能力為它們研究實(shí)際問題提供條件，即“允許”它們?nèi)パ芯繉?shí)際問題。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（12）考查固定搭配。beyondthereachof“在······范圍之外”。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（13）考查副詞詞義辨析。quite是程度副詞，可以用在限定詞another前面，而另外三個副詞則不可以。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（14）考查從句引導(dǎo)詞。本句是由so引導(dǎo)的一個從句，句子缺少一個引導(dǎo)詞，該引導(dǎo)詞充當(dāng)theyhadtodo的賓語，all符合題意。

（15）考查形容詞詞義辨析。available“可得到的；可用的”；enough“足夠的”；sufficient“充足的”；convenient意為“方便的”?？崭裉幘渥铀诘木湟馐牵喝欢诳諘绲囊巴?，這種方法是行不通的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（16）考查動詞詞義辨析。choose“選擇，挑選”；adopt“采用；采納”；accept“接受”；take“實(shí)施；采取”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵侯惾嗽巢捎昧宋ㄒ豢尚械姆椒ā＿x項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（17）考查形容詞詞義辨析。valuable“有價值的”；acceptable“可接受的，合意的”；possible“可能的”；able“能夠的”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵核鼈兊暮笾M可能高地抬起，開始直立行走。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（18）考查前后邏輯。however“然而”；therefore“因此”；meanwhile“同時”；subsequently“隨后”?？崭裉幩诰渥优c前面的句子提到直立行走使得類人猿站不穩(wěn)，并且跟其他動物相比本來速度就慢了，現(xiàn)在變得更慢了（Itwasextremelyunstableanditmeantthatthealreadyslowape-manbecameslowerstill）?？崭裉幒竺嫣岬筋惾嗽忱^續(xù)堅(jiān)持并且使得骨頭結(jié)構(gòu)開始逐漸變化，可以看出前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以however符合題意。

（19）考查形容詞詞義辨析。besuitedtosth.“適合······的”；beaccustomedto“習(xí)慣于”；befamiliarizedwith“與······相熟”；adapttosth.“適應(yīng)”。空格處所在句子的句意是：它們的骨骼漸漸適應(yīng)了這種新的行走方式。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（20）考查動詞詞義辨析。obtain“獲得”；call“叫”；deserve“值得”；earn“賺得，贏得”?？崭裉幩诰渥犹岬接捎陬惾嗽车墓趋乐饾u適應(yīng)了直立行走，因此贏得了“直立人”的稱號。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.單選題

Ahumanbeingisquitea______creature,fortheglossofrationalitythatcovershisorherfearsandinsecurityisthinandofteneasilybreached.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ludicrous

B.logical

C.frail

D.valiant

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)ludicrous“滑稽的，荒唐的”，B項(xiàng)logical“邏輯的”，C項(xiàng)frail“脆弱的，虛弱的”，D項(xiàng)valiant“英勇的，勇敢的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞thin“薄的，瘦的”和easilybreached“很容易被打破”，可知填入C項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：人類是一種非常脆弱的生物，因?yàn)檠谏w恐懼和不安全感的理性外表很薄弱，而且經(jīng)常很容易被打破。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Manynovelsthatattempttothemirrortheworldarereally（

）oftherealitythattheyrepresent.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reflections

B.demonstrations

C.illuminations

D.reproductions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。reflection“反映”；demonstration“示范”；illumination“照明”；reproduction“繁殖”。句意：許多試圖向世界反映現(xiàn)實(shí)的小說，都反映了他們所代表的現(xiàn)實(shí)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

8.單選題

Themayorisawomanwithgreat（）andthereforedeservesourpoliticalandfinancialassistance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.integrity

B.instinct

C.intensity

D.insanity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)integrity“完整；正直；誠實(shí)；廉正”；B選項(xiàng)instinct“本能；直覺；天性”；C選項(xiàng)intensity“強(qiáng)度；強(qiáng)烈”；D選項(xiàng)insanity“瘋狂；精神錯亂；愚頑”。句意：這位市長是一位非常正直的女性，因此值得我們的政治和財(cái)政援助。根據(jù)句意，A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Toomuch（）toX-rayscancauseskinburns,cancerorotherdamagetothebody.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disclosure

B.exhibition

C.contact

D.exposure

【答案】D

【解析】詞匯題。

disclosure披露,

揭發(fā)；exhibition展覽,

顯示；contact接觸,

聯(lián)系；exposure暴露,

曝光。句意：過度暴露在x射線下會導(dǎo)致皮膚灼傷、癌癥或?qū)ι眢w造成其他傷害。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

10.單選題

We’ll____youforanydamagedonetoyourhousewhileweareinit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compensate

B.remedy

C.supplement

D.retrieve

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.compensate給（某人）賠償（或賠款）B.remedy改正；糾正

C.supplement增補(bǔ)；補(bǔ)充D.retrieve取回；索回

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：我們在你房子里的時候，如果給你房子造成任何損壞，我們會……。根據(jù)邏輯，住在別人的房子里時，如果造成損壞應(yīng)該對房子的主人進(jìn)行賠償。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】我們在你房子里的時候，如果給你房子造成任何損壞，我們會賠償?shù)摹?/p>

11.翻譯題

世界上一些國家發(fā)生問題，從根本上來說，都是因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)上不去，沒有飯吃，沒有衣穿，沒有房住，工資增長被通貨膨脹抵消。

【答案】

Basically,problemsinsomecountriesarecausedbypooreconomy,nofoodandnoclothingandnoshelter.Meanwhile,wagegrowthisoffsetbyinflation,whichalsoresultsintheseproblems.

12.單選題

HewaslookingadmiringlyatthephotographpublishedbyCollinsin（）withtheImperialMuseum.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.combination

B.collaboration

C.connection

D.collection

【答案】B

【解析】句意:他在羨慕地看著由柯林斯與帝國博物館合作出版的照片。

考查短語辨析。incombinationwith與…結(jié)合，聯(lián)合；incollaborationwith與…合作；寫作；inconnectionwith與…有關(guān)。沒有incollectionwith的搭配。因此B項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

AnAsianengineerisassignedtoaU.S.laboratoryandalmostsuffersanervousbreakdown.AU.Sexecutivetellshisstallhe’sgoingtotreatthemfairlyandcreatesdissension.AJapanesemanageispromotebyhisBritishPresident,butwithinsixmonthsasksforatransfer.

Eachofthesereal-lifecasesinvolvedpeoplewhowereregardedassuperioremployees,butwereill-equippedtocopewiththecomplexitiesanddangersofinterculturalmanagement.

“Multinationalcompanieshavestudiedeverythingelse,nowtheyarefinallylookingatculture,”saysCliffordClarke,founderandpresidentoftheCaliforniabasedIRIInternationalinc,oneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofconsultingfirmsthatspecializeinteachingbusinesspeoplefromdifferentcultureshowtocommunicateandworkwitheachother.

“NevershowtheshoetoanArad,neverarriveontimeforapartyinBrazil,andinJapan,don’tthink‘yes’means‘yes’,adviseU.S.consultantsLennieCoplandandLewisBrownGriggs,whohaveproducedaseriesoffilmsandabooktohelpmanagersimprovetheirinternationalbusinessskills.Butsimplylearningthesocial“dos”and“don’ts’'isnottheanswer,accordingtothenewculturespecialists.Thepenaltiesforignoringdifferentthinkingpatterns,theypointout,canbedisastrous.

Forexample,theAmericanmanagerwhopromisedtobefairthoughthewastellinghisJapanesestaffthattheirhardworkwouldberewarded,butwhensomeworkersreceivedhighersalaryincreasesthanothers,therewerecomplaints.“Youtoldusyou'dbefair,andyouliedtous,”accusedonesalesman.“'Ittookmeayearandahalf,”sighedtheAmerican,“torealizethat‘fair’，tomystaff,meantbeingtreatedequally.”

TheAsianengineerwhosufferedinAmericawasthevictimofanothermistakenexpectation,“hewasaccustomedtothewarmgroupenvironmentsotypicalinJapan,”saidhisU.S.Manager,“butinourcompany,we’reallexpectedtobeself-starters,whothriveonworkingalone.Forhim,itwasemotionalstarvation.He’smadetheadjustmentnow,buthe’dbehumiliatedif1toldyouhisname,that’sanotherculturedifference.”

TheJapanesemanagerwhofailedtorespondtohispromotioncouldnotbringhimselftousethemoredirectlanguageneededtocommunicatewithhisLondon-basedsuperiors.“Iusedtothinkallthistalkaboutculturecommunicationwasalotofbaloney,”saysEugeneJ.Flath,presidentofIntelJapanLtd,asubsidiaryoftheAmericansemiconductormaker.“Now,Icanseeitisarealproblem.Miscommunicationhasslowedourabilitytocoordinateactionwithourhomeoffice.”

“That’swhyIntel,withthehelpofconsultantClarke,begananinterculturaltrainingprogramthisspringwhichFlathexpectswilldramaticallyreducedecision-makingtimenowlostinmakingsuretheAmericanandtheJapaneseunderstandeachother.

1.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe（

）.

2.Fromthecontext,theword“baloney”iscloseinmeaningto

（

）.

3.WhydidtheJapanesestaffcomplaintotheAmericanmanager?

4.Theculturalcommunicationproblemsarebecomingespeciallyurgentfor

（

）.

5.WhydidthepromotedJapanesemanageraskfortransfer?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.BuildingBridgesOvertheCulturalRivets

B.MultinationalTrainingforBusinessman

C.LearningDifferentThinkingPatterns

D.CommunicationProblemsandComplaints

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.balcony

B.feat

C.nonsense

D.simplicity

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheAmericanmanagerhadliedtothem.

B.Thesalaryincreaseswereinsufficient.

C.Moststaffhadnotreceivedsalaryincreased.

D.Therewasamisunderstandingoftheword“fair”.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Americanmanagers

B.multinationalcompanies

C.Japaneseemployees

D.consultingfirms

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Hewasnotcompetentforthehigherposition.

B.Hewasnotaccustomedtoworkingbyhimself.

C.Hecouldnotmaketheadjustmenttohisnewjob.

D.Helackedadequatecommunicationwithhissuperiors.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“本文最佳標(biāo)題是……”。文章首先是通過一些實(shí)例來引出不同文化間的交流障礙這個話題，比如一位亞洲工程師被派到美國實(shí)驗(yàn)室后幾乎精神奔潰；隨后提到跨國公司開始重視這個問題并且采取了一些措施來解決這些問題，四個選項(xiàng)中選項(xiàng)A包含了其他三個選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容，最適合做文章標(biāo)題。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“從文章中可知，baloney與哪個單詞意思最接近”。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到（Iusedtothinkallthistalkaboutculturecommunicationwasalotofbaloney）與（Icanseeitisarealproblem），把之前的觀點(diǎn)與現(xiàn)在的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行對比，前后發(fā)生了變化，由此可知baloney的意思與“arealproblem”是相反的，即“胡說八道”的意思。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“為什么日本員工向他們美國經(jīng)理抱怨”。文章第五段提到“這位美國經(jīng)理說他花費(fèi)了一年半的時間來明白日本員工認(rèn)為的公平是被平等對待”（“'Ittookmeayearandahalf,”sighedtheAmerican,“torealizethat‘fair’，tomystaff,meantbeingtreatedequally.”），由此可以看出是因?yàn)閷air這個單詞的誤解，使得日本員工對此抱怨。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“對于……來說，文化交流問題正變得特別重要”。文章第三段提到跨國公司開始重視文化（Multinationalcompanieshavestudiedeverythingelse,nowtheyarefinallylookingatculture），因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“被提升的日本籍經(jīng)理為什么要求換工作”。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到“不能適應(yīng)職位提升的日本經(jīng)理不能用更直接的語言與自己在英國的上司進(jìn)行溝通從而提出了調(diào)換工作的要求”（TheJapanesemanagerwhofailedtorespondtohispromotioncouldnotbringhimselftousethemoredirectlanguageneededtocommunicatewithhisLondon-basedsuperiors），選項(xiàng)C“他不能適應(yīng)新工作”符合題意。

14.單選題

Thelargeramachineandthemorenumerousitsparts,thegreaterlikelihoodofabreakdownandthemoreexpensivetorepair.Whathasbeensaidaboutmarketforcesandmanagementwasnecessarilyoversimplified.Theeconomiesofmodernindustrialnationsarelargeandverycomplex.Tobesure,thereismanagement,andtherearemarketforcesatwork,buttherearealsomanyotherfactorsthathelporhindereconomicfunction.

Inmodernindustrialsocietiesgovernmentsplayalargerole.Thereisagreatamountofregulation,mostofitmeantfortheprotectionofthepublic.Allregulationsaffectthewaybusinessesoperate,oftenincreasingtheircostandreducingtheirprofits.Lowerprofits,inturn,reducetheamountofthemoneywhichisknownasworkingcapitalthatacompanycanuseforexpansion.Autoemissionstandards,forinstance,havehadasignificantimpactonthemanufactureandpricingofautomobiles.Othergovernmentmoneyisavailableforpeopletospendongoodsandservices.

Internationalcrisesandotherconditionsalsoaffecttheworkingofaneconomy.AseverefrostinBrazilcanruinacoffeecropandraisethepriceofthatcommodity.Warcancutoffthesupplyofsuchresourcesaspetroleum,chromium,orcopper.IntheUnitedStatesenvironmentalprotestshaveslowedthedevelopmentofnuclearenergycapacityandtheminingofvasttractsofprotectedland.Weatheraffectsagriculture:ahot,drysummercandamagethewheatcrop;floodscandestroythousandsofacresofcropssuddenly;andinsectpestscandevastatecroplandwitharapidonslaught.

People’sattitudesalsohaveanimpactonthemarketingofgoods.Health-consciousindividuals,forexample,maystopsmoking,curtailtheirintakeofalcohol,andeatlessofcertainkindsoffood.Advertisingaffectswhatpeoplebuy,anditcancreateamarketwherenoneexisted.Styleandfashionaresignificantformanyconsumers.

Thereareothereconomicproblemsthataremoredifficulttounderstand.Forcenturieseconomieshavebeensubjecttoperiodsofprosperityfollowedbyperiodsofdecline.Althoughperiodsofprosperitycanbeexplainedrathereasily,thereasonforpanics,recessions,anddepressionsareofacomplexnature.SomanyfactorscontributedtotheGreatDepressionof1930s,forexample,thatnoeconomisthaseverbeenabletoaccountforallofthem.Becausethecausesofdeclineareuncertain,theremediesareequallyuncertain.Inthelate20centuryallindustrializedsocietiesthroughtheirgovernmentshavetriedtostabilizedeconomies,keepthemprosperous,andreduceunemployment.Noneoftheremedieshasworkedtotheextentthatwashope.Howeconomiesworkandwhatremediescanbefoundtokeepoperatingefficientlyarethetaskofeconomists,whomustworktogetherwithbusinessmenandpoliticians.

66.Thechiefpurposeofthepassageis______.

67.The“machine”inthefirstsentenceofparagraph1iscomparablehereto______.

68.Theexampleofautoemissionstandardsishereusedtomakeitclearthat______.

69.Whyisitdifficulttoexplaintheonsetofeconomicdecline?

70.Theauthorbelievesthat,tofindefficientwaysofkeepingeconomygoing,economistshaveto______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.toreviewthefactorsthataffecteconomicoperation

B.toexplorethecausesofperiodiceconomicdecline

C.todiscusstherolegovernmentsplayinmodernindustrializedsocieties

D.toproposeremediesforcorrectingeconomicrecessions

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thepoliticalsystemofanation

B.theeconomyofanation

C.themarketforce

D.thegovernmentofanation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itisharmfulforagovernmenttointerferewitheconomicmatters

B.statepoliciestendtolowerprofitsanddiscourageinvestment

C.regulationmayaffectbusinessoperationbyincreasingthecost

D.mostregulationsarenotmeantfortheprotectionofthepublic

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becausenoeconomistknowseverything.

B.Becauseitalwaysfollowsaperiodofprosperity.

C.Becausetherearetoomanyreasonsbehindit.

D.Becauseitishardtopredictwhenitwillbecoming.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.findtheexactcausesforeconomicdecline

B.findwaystofightunemployment

C.workoutallthefactorsthatleadtoeconomicprosperity

D.cooperatewithbusinessmenandpoliticians

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】66.推理判斷題。題干意思是“這篇文章的主要目的是……”。由第一段最后一句Tobesure,thereismanagement,andtherearemarketforcesatwork,buttherearealsomanyotherfactorsthathelporhindereconomicfunction.（可以肯定的是，有管理，有發(fā)揮作用的市場力量，但也有許多其他因素幫助或阻礙經(jīng)濟(jì)功能）和文章最后一段第五句Becausethecausesofdeclineareuncertain,theremediesareequallyuncertain.（由于衰退的原因不確定，因此補(bǔ)救措施也同樣不確定）可知，文章的主要目的是探索經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的原因，故B項(xiàng)“探討周期性經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的原因”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“考察影響經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行的因素”、C項(xiàng)“討論政府在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)化社會中扮演的角色”和D項(xiàng)“提出糾正經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的補(bǔ)救措施”都只是部分提及，不足以概括全文主旨。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

67.推理判斷題。題干意思是“第1段第一句的‘機(jī)器’在這里相當(dāng)于……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第一句Thelargeramachineandthemorenumerousitsparts,thegreaterlikelihoodofabreakdownandthemoreexpensivetorepair.（機(jī)器越大，零件越多，故障的可能性就越大，維修費(fèi)用也就越昂貴），第一段后面有提到Theeconomiesofmodernindustrialnationsarelargeandverycomplex.（現(xiàn)代工業(yè)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)龐大而復(fù)雜），由此可知，這里machine相當(dāng)于theeconomiesofmodernindustrialnations，即一個國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)，故B項(xiàng)“一個國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)”正確。A項(xiàng)“一個國家的政治制度”、C項(xiàng)“市場的力量”和D項(xiàng)“一個國家的政府”都不正確。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

68.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“這里用汽車排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的例子來說明……”。第二段第三句提及Allregulationsaffectthewaybusinessesoperate,oftenincreasingtheircostandreducingtheirprofits.（所有的法規(guī)都會影響企業(yè)的運(yùn)作方式，通常會增加成本，減少利潤），接著就引用了汽車排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的例子，這是用來說明規(guī)章制度