考研考博-英語(yǔ)-內(nèi)蒙古民族大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-內(nèi)蒙古民族大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thecanopy,theupperlevelofthetreesintherainforest,holdsahugenumberofclimbingmammalsofmoderatelylargesize,whichmayincludemonkeys,cats,civets,andporcupines.Smallerspecies,includingsuchrodentsasmiceandsmallsquirrels,arenotasprevalentoverallinhightropicalcanopiesastheyareinmosthabitatsglobally.

Smallmammals,beingwarmblooded,sufferhardshipintheexposedandturbulentenvironmentoftheuppermosttrees.Becauseasmallbodyhasmoresurfaceareaperunitofweightthanalargeoneofsimilarshape,itgainsorlosesheatmoreswiftly.Thus,inthetrees,whereshelterfromheatandcoldmaybescarceandconditionsmayfluctuate,asmallmammalmayhavetroublemaintainingitsbodytemperature.

Smallsizemakesiteasytoscrambleamongtwigsandbranchesinthecanopyforinsects,flowers,orfruit,butsmallmammalsaresurpassed,inthecompetitionforfood,bylargeonesthathavetheirowntacticsforbrowsingamongfood-richtwigs.Theweightofagibbon(asmallape)hangingbelowabrancharchestheterminalleavesdownsothatfruit-bearingfoliagedropstowardthegibbon’sface.Walkingorleapingspeciesofasimilarorevenlargersizeaccesstheoutertwigseitherbysnappingoffandretrievingthewholebranchorbyclutchingstiffbrancheswiththefeetortailandpluckingfoodwiththeirhands.

Smallclimbinganimalsmayreachtwigsreadily,butitisharderforthemthanforlargeclimbinganimalstocrossthewidegapsfromonetreecrowntothenextthattypifythehighcanopy.Amacaqueorgibboncanhurlitselffartherthanamousecan:itcanachievearunningstart,anditcanmoreeffectivelyuseabranchasaspringboard,evenbouncingonalimbseveraltimesbeforejumping.Theforwardmovementofasmallanimalisseriouslyreducedbytheairfrictionagainsttherelativelylargesurfaceareaofitsbody.Finally,forthemanysmallmammalsthesupplementtheirinsectdietwithfruitsorseeds,aninabilitytospanopengapsbetweentreecrownsmaybeproblematic,sincetreesthatyieldthesefoodscanbesparse.

21.Whichofthefollowinganimalsislesscommonintheuppercanopy?

22.Theword“they”(inParagraph1)refersto______.

23.Theword“typify”(inParagraph2)isclosestinmeaningto______.

24.Whichofthefollowingtermsisdefinedinthepassage?

25.Whichofthefollowingquestionsdoesthepassageanswer?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Monkeys.

B.Cats.

C.Porcupines.

D.Mice.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.trees

B.climbingmammalsofmoderatelylargesize

C.smallerspecies

D.hightropicalcanopies

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.resemble

B.protect

C.characterize

D.divide

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Canopy

B.Terminalleaves

C.Springboard

D.Airfriction

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Howistherainforestdifferentfromotherhabitats?

B.Howdoesananimal’sbodysizeinfluenceananimal’sneedforfood?

C.Whydoesrainforestprovideanunusualvarietyoffoodforanimals?

D.Whydolargeanimalstendtodominatetheuppercanopyoftherainforest?

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】21.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

21.Whichofthefollowinganimalsislesscommonintheuppercanopy?21.以下哪一種動(dòng)物在樹冠上層不常見？

A.Monkeys.A.猴子。

B.Cats.B.貓。

C.Porcupines.C.豪豬。

D.Mice.D.老鼠。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】第一段第一句“在雨林的樹冠層（canopy），也就是樹木的上層（upperlevelofthetrees），有大量的中等大小的爬行哺乳動(dòng)物，其中可能包括猴子、貓、果子貍和豪豬”可知，在樹冠上層常見的動(dòng)物是猴子、貓、果子貍和豪豬；結(jié)合第二句“較小的物種，包括老鼠和小松鼠等嚙齒動(dòng)物，在熱帶高樹冠層中并不像（notasprevalentoverallinhightropicalcanopiesas）在全球大多數(shù)棲息地中那樣普遍”，由其中的notasprevalent可知，老鼠和小松鼠這種較小的物種在樹冠上層并不常見，D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)都是在樹冠上層常見的動(dòng)物，屬于反向干擾。

22.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

22.Theword“they”(inParagraph1)refersto______.22.第一段中的“他們”指的是______。

A.treesA.樹

B.climbingmammalsofmoderatelylargesizeB.中等大小的攀爬哺乳動(dòng)物

C.smallerspeciesC.較小的物種

D.hightropicalcanopiesD.高熱帶的樹冠

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位第一段第二句“較小的物種（Smallerspecies），包括老鼠和小松鼠等嚙齒動(dòng)物，在熱帶高樹冠層中并不像在全球大多數(shù)棲息地中那樣普遍（notasprevalentoverallinhightropicalcanopiesastheyareinmosthabitatsglobally）”，其中用了as…as…的比較，比較的是inhightropicalcanopies和inmosthabitatsglobally，所以they指的是前面所提到的smallspecies，C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)都不正確，屬于曲解原文。

23.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

23.Theword“typify”(inParagraph4)isclosestinmeaningto______.23.第四段中typify這個(gè)單詞的意思最接近______。

A.resembleA.相像

B.protectB.保護(hù)

C.characterizeC.特征

D.divideD.分割

【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推測(cè)題。

【解題思路】定位第四段第一句“小型攀援動(dòng)物能夠容易地爬樹枝，但相比大型攀援動(dòng)物來說，它們更難跨過從一個(gè)樹冠到另一個(gè)typify為高樹冠之間的寬間隙”，從句子中可知，typify在定語(yǔ)從句中做的是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，賓語(yǔ)是highcanopy，來修飾nexttreecrown，而high就是nexttreecrown的特征，所以typify的意思和“特征”相近，C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

24.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

24.Whichofthefollowingtermsisdefinedinthepassage?24.下面哪個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)在文章中有定義？

A.CanopyA.樹冠

B.TerminalleavesB.頂端的葉子

C.SpringboardC.跳板

D.AirfrictionD.空氣阻力

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位文章第一句“樹冠層，也就是雨林樹木的上層（Thecanopy,theupperlevelofthetreesintherainforest）”，可知canopy的定義在文章有解釋，A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均沒有提到它們的定義，屬于出處錯(cuò)位。

25.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

25.Whichofthefollowingquestionsdoesthepassageanswer?25.這篇文章回答了下列哪個(gè)問題？

A.Howistherainforestdifferentfromotherhabitats?A.熱帶雨林與其他棲息地有何不同？

B.Howdoesananimal’sbodysizeinfluenceananimal’sneedforfood?B.動(dòng)物的體型如何影響動(dòng)物對(duì)食物的需求？

C.Whydoesrainforestprovideanunusualvarietyoffoodforanimals?C.為什么雨林為動(dòng)物提供了不同尋常的食物？

D.Whydolargeanimalstendtodominatetheuppercanopyoftherainforest?D.為什么大型動(dòng)物傾向于支配熱帶雨林的上層樹冠？

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】這篇文章主要描述了動(dòng)物棲息在樹冠層的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，第一段先介紹樹冠上常見的棲息動(dòng)物；接著后面三段通過對(duì)小型哺乳動(dòng)物和大型哺乳動(dòng)物在樹冠層生存的對(duì)比，來介紹大型動(dòng)物更有利于支配雨林的上層樹冠，如第三段第一句“小型身材利于它們?cè)跇涔诘臉渲蜆涓砷g攀爬來尋找昆蟲、花、或水果，但在對(duì)食物的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)上小型哺乳動(dòng)物卻被大型哺乳動(dòng)物超越，大型的動(dòng)物有它們自己的策略來穿梭于食物豐富的樹枝間”，以及最后一段第一句“小型攀援動(dòng)物能夠容易地爬樹枝，但相比大型攀援動(dòng)物來說，它們更難跨過從一個(gè)樹冠到另一個(gè)高樹冠之間的寬間隙”，所以D項(xiàng)是文章回答的問題。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、C選項(xiàng)文中沒有對(duì)雨林進(jìn)行比較，屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全，不夠全面。

2.案例題

Ifmovietrailers（預(yù)告片）aresupposedtocauseareaction,thepreviewfor"United93"morethansucceeds.Featuringnofamousactors,itbeginswithimagesofabeautifulmorningandpassengersboardinganairplane.Ittakesyouaminutetorealizewhatthemovie'sevenabout.That'swhenaplanehitstheWorldTradeCenter.theeffectisvisceral（震撼心靈的）.Whenthetrailerplayedbefore"InsideMan"lastweekataHollywoodtheater,audiencemembersbegancallingout,"Toosoon!"InNewYorkCity,theresponsewasevenmoredramatic.TheLoewstheaterinManhattantooktherarestepofpullingthetrailerfromitsscreensafterseveralcomplaints.

"United93"isthefirstfeaturefilmtodealexplicitlywiththeeventsofSeptember11,2001,andiscertaintoigniteanemotionaldebate.Isittoosoon?Shouldthefilmhavebeenmadeatall?Moretothepoint,willanyonewanttoseeit?Other9/11projectsareonthewayasthefifthanniversaryoftheattacksapproaches,mostnotablyOliverStone's"WorldTradeCenter."butastheforerunner,"United93"willtakemostoftheheat,whetheritdeservesitornot.

TherealUnited93crashedinaPennsylvaniafieldafter40passengersandcrewfoughtbackagainsttheterrorists.Writer-directorPaulGreengrasshasgonetogreatlengthstoberespectfulinhisdepictionofwhatoccurred,proceedingwiththefilmonlyaftersecuringtheapprovalofeveryvictim'sfamily."WasIsurprisedattheagreement?Yes.Very.Usuallythere'reoneortwofamilieswho'remorereluctant,"Greengrasswritesinane-mail."IwassurprisedattheextraordinarywaytheUnited93familieshavewelcomedusintotheirlivesandsharedtheirexperienceswithus."CaroleO'Hare,afamilymember,says,"Theywereveryopenandhonestwithus,andtheymadeusapartofthiswholeproject."Universal,whichisreleasingthefilm,planstodonate10%ofitsopeningweekendgrosstotheFlight93NationalMemorialFund.Thathasn'tstoppedcriticismthatthestudioisexploitinganationaltragedy.O'Harethinksthat'sunfair."Thisstoryhastobetoldtohonorthepassengersandcrewforwhattheydid,"shesays."Butmorethanthat,itraisesawareness.Ourportsaren'tsecure.Ourbordersaren'tsecure.Ourairlinesstillaren'tsecure,andthisiswhathappenswhenyou'renotsecure.That'sthemessageIwantpeopletohear."

1.Thetrailerfor"United93"succeededin（）whenitplayedinthetheatersinHollywoodandNewYorkCity.

2.Themovie"United93"issuretogiveriseto（）.

3.Whatdidwriter-directorPaulGreengrassobtainbeforeheproceededwiththemovie?.

4.Universal,whichisreleasing"United93",hasbeencriticizedfor（）.

5.CaroleO'Harethinksthatbesideshonoringthepassengersandcrewforwhattheydid,thepurposeoftellingthestoryisto（）boutsecurity.

【答案】1.causingareaction

2.anemotionaldebate

3.Theapprovalofeveryvictim'sfamily

4.exploitinganationaltragedy

5.raisetheawareness

【解析】1.

根據(jù)第一段的第一句“Ifmovietrailers（預(yù)告片）aresupposedtocauseareaction,thepreviewfor"United93"morethansucceeds.”succeededin+doingsth.介詞in后面接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。

2.根據(jù)第二段的第一句“"United93"isthefirstfeaturefilmtodealexplicitlywiththeeventsofSeptember11,2001,andiscertaintoigniteanemotionaldebate.”ignite在這里相當(dāng)于giveriseto，所以只需要接后面的名詞即可。

3.

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“PaulGreen”定位到第三段的第二句“Writer-directorPaulGreen...aftersecuringtheapprovalofeveryvictim'sfamily.”重點(diǎn)理解proceed和ceed意為"在之前"，secure意為"獲得，得到"。

4.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Universal”定位到第三段“Thathasn'tstoppedcriticismthatthestudioisexploitinganationaltragedy.”for在這里為介詞，后面接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。

5.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容"Thisstoryhastobetoldtohonorthepassengersandcrewforwhattheydid,"shesays."Butmorethanthat,itraisesawareness...”題干中的to不定式做is的表語(yǔ)，后面直接用動(dòng)詞且為原形。

3.填空題

Competitionprotectsthefreedomoftheindividualfromensuringthatthereisnomonopolyofpower.

Incontrasttoone,all-powerfulgovernment,manybusinessescompeteagainsteachotherforprofits.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Bfrom改為by

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】介詞。

【解題思路】protect為這里的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，指的是維護(hù)個(gè)體自由，B部分到句尾指的是維護(hù)個(gè)體自由的方式，介詞by“（表示方式）”符合語(yǔ)境。

【句意】競(jìng)爭(zhēng)可以權(quán)力壟斷，維護(hù)個(gè)體自由。與全能的政府相比，許多企業(yè)為了利潤(rùn)而相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

4.單選題

The（）BritishtheoreticalphysicistStephenHawkingoncesaidinaninterviewthatheavenisafairystoryforpeopleafraidofthedark.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.imposing

B.lofty

C.prominent

D.eminent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析?？崭裉帒?yīng)填入形容詞修飾physicist。imposing“壯觀的，威風(fēng)的”；lofty“崇高的，高傲的”；prominent“突出的，顯著的”；eminent“杰出的，有名的”。句意：英國(guó)杰出的理論物理學(xué)家斯蒂芬?霍金曾在一次采訪中說，天堂是為害怕黑暗的人準(zhǔn)備的童話故事。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Coralreefsareoneofthemostfragile,biologicallycomplex,anddiversemarineecosystemonEarth.Thisecosystemisoneofthefascinatingparadoxesofthebiosphere:howdoclearandthusnutrient-poorwaterssupportsuchprolificandproductivecommunities?Partoftheanswerlieswithinthetissuesofthecoralsthemselves.Symbioticcellsofalgaeknownaszoozanthellaecarryoutphotosynthesisusingthemetabolicwastesofthecoraltherebyproducingfoodforthemselves,fortheircorals,hosts,andevenforothermembersofthereefcommunity.Thissymbioticprocessallowsorganismsinthereefcommunitytousesparsenutrientresourceefficiently.

Unfortunatelyforcoralreefs,however,avarietyofhumanactivitiesarecausingworldwidedegradationofshallowmarinehabitatsbyaddingnutrientstothewater.Agriculture,slashandbumlandclearing,sewagedisposalandmanufacturingthatcreateswasteby-productsallincreasenutrientloadsinthesewaters.Typicalsymptomsofreefdeclinearedestabilizedherbivorepopulationsandanincreasingabundanceofalgaeandfilter-feedinganimals.Declinesinreefcommunitiesareconsistentwithobservationsthatnutrientinputisincreasingindirectproportiontogrowinghumanpopulations,therebythreateningreefcommunitiessensitivetosubtlechangesinnutrientinputtotheirwaters.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutcoralreefcommunities?

3.Theauthorrefersto“filter-feedinganimals”(line17)inorderto（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisafactorthatisthreateningthesurvivalofcoralreefcommunities?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthordescribescoralreefcommunitiesasparadoxicalmostlikelyforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.describingtheeffectsofhumanactivitiesonalgaeincoralreefs

B.explaininghowhumanactivitiesareposingathreattocoralreefcommunities

C.discussingtheprocessbywhichcoralreefsdeteriorateinnutrient-poorwaters

D.explaininghowcoralreefsproducefoodforthemselves

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Coralreefcommunitiesmayactuallybemorelikelytothriveinwatersthatarerelativelylowinnutrients.

B.Thenutrientsonwhichcoralcommunitiesthriveareonlyfoundinshallowwaters.

C.Humanpopulationgrowthhasledtochangingoceantemperatures,whichthreatenscoralreefcommunities.

D.Thegrowthofcoralreefcommunitiestendstodestabilizeunderwaterherbivorepopulations.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.provideanexampleofacharacteristicsignofreefdeterioration

B.explainhowreefcommunitiesacquiresustenanceforsurvival

C.identifyafactorthathelpsherbivorepopulationsthrive

D.indicateacauseofdecreasingnutrientinputinwatersthatreefsinhabit

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thewaterstheyinhabitcontainfewnutrientresources.

B.Adeclineinnutrientinputisdisruptingtheirsymbioticrelationshipwithzooxanthellae.

C.Thedegradedwatersoftheirmarinehabitatshavereducedtheirabilitytocarryoutphotosynthesis.

D.Wasteby-productsresultinanincreaseinnutrientinputtoreefcommunities.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theyarethrivingeventhoughhumanactivitieshavedepletedthenutrientsintheirenvironment.

B.Theyareabletosurviveinspiteofanover-abundanceofalgaeinhabitingtheirwaters.

C.Theyareabletosurviveinanenvironmentwithlimitedfoodresources.

D.Theyaredecliningevenwhenthewatersurroundingthemremainsclear.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文第一段講了珊瑚礁是如何在清澈且無養(yǎng)料的海水中繁衍的。第二段開頭開始轉(zhuǎn)折，作者指出人類活動(dòng)是怎樣對(duì)珊瑚礁的棲息地造成破壞的，所以B選項(xiàng)‘解釋人類活動(dòng)如何對(duì)珊瑚礁群落構(gòu)成威脅’為正確答案。

2.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“howdoclear,andthusnutrient-poorwaterssupportsuchprolificandproductivecommunities?”用一個(gè)反問句表明珊瑚礁適合在低養(yǎng)料的清澈海水中生長(zhǎng)。確定A選項(xiàng)符合題意。珊瑚礁很難在淺水灘邊繁殖，所以B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，排除。人類活動(dòng)導(dǎo)致海水中的養(yǎng)料增加，而并非增加了海水的溫度，從而破壞了珊瑚礁的棲息地，C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，排除。食草動(dòng)物數(shù)量的不穩(wěn)定并不是珊瑚礁生長(zhǎng)造成的，而是珊瑚礁遭到破壞的一種表現(xiàn)，D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，排除。

3.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Typicalsymptomsofreefdeclinearedestabilizedherbivorepopulationsandanincreasingabundanceofalgaeandfilter-feedinganimals.珊瑚礁衰退的典型癥狀是食草動(dòng)物種群的不穩(wěn)定，以及藻類和濾食性動(dòng)物數(shù)量的增加。”確定作者提到filter-feedinganimals是為了說明珊瑚礁減少的特征。A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Agriculture,slash-and-bumlandclearing,sewagedisposalandmanufacturingthatcreateswasteby-productsallincreasenutrientloadsinthesewaters.農(nóng)業(yè)、刀耕火種、污水處理以及制造業(yè)向海水中排放了大量的垃圾，從而增加了海水的營(yíng)含量?！焙汀癉eclinesinreefcommunitiesareconsistentwithobservationsthatnutrientinputisincreasingindirectproportiontogrowinghumanpopulations,therebythreateningreefcommunitiessensitivetosubtlechangesinnutrientinputtotheirwaters.珊瑚礁對(duì)養(yǎng)料排入海水中發(fā)生的微妙變化很敏感，隨著人口的增加，排放到海水的養(yǎng)料也隨之増加，珊瑚礁的數(shù)量也就減少了?！笨芍祟惻欧诺睦黾恿撕Ｋ臓I(yíng)養(yǎng)含量，從而威脅著珊瑚礁的生長(zhǎng)。D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。作者在第一段提到珊瑚礁之所以能在清澈并且少養(yǎng)料的海水中生長(zhǎng)，是因?yàn)橛幸环N叫蟲黃藻的水藻與它共生。蟲黃藻能夠與珊瑚礁的糞便進(jìn)行光合作用，從而又為珊瑚礁提供食物。因此，盡管在食物資源極度缺乏的環(huán)境下，珊瑚礁也能夠生長(zhǎng)。所以C選項(xiàng)‘它們能夠在食物資源有限的環(huán)境中生存’符合題意。

6.單選題

Itwasn’tsuchagooddinner（）shehadpromised.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.what

B.that

C.which

D.as

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。such和as搭配，so和that搭配，所以這里只能填入as。句意：這頓晚餐并不像她所承諾的那樣好。選項(xiàng)D正確。

7.單選題

Donorfatigueand（）ofthecountry’spovertyarenowcausingthosehopestowither.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.expenditure

B.extremity

C.wreckage

D.supremacy

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。expenditure“支出”；extremity“極端”；wreckage“殘骸”；supremacy“至高無上”。句意：捐贈(zèng)者的疲倦和這個(gè)國(guó)家的極端貧困導(dǎo)致希望越來越渺茫。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

Thedealwasheldinabeyanceuntilhisarrival.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adduce

B.suspension

C.bay

D.court

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)adduce“（v.）舉出；引證”；B選項(xiàng)suspension“懸?。粫和?；停職”；C選項(xiàng)bay“海灣；狗吠聲”；D選項(xiàng)court“法院；球場(chǎng)；朝廷；奉承”。句意：在他到來之前，這筆交易被暫時(shí)擱置。abeyance“中止，停頓；歸屬待定，暫擱”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞詞意最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

PresidentBushwarnedCongressonWednesdaythatinactiononhispushto_______SocialSecuritycouldbreedpoliticalrepercussions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.accustom

B.formulate

C.overhaul

D.dismantle

【答案】C

【解析】accustom使習(xí)慣于；formulate用公式表示，明確地表達(dá)；overhaul檢查，革新；dismantle拆除，取消。句意：布什總統(tǒng)于星期三對(duì)國(guó)會(huì)發(fā)出警告，如果不支持他推動(dòng)社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)的全面改革可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生政治影響。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

10.單選題

Agoodemployergiveshintstohisorheremployeeswithoutinterferingwiththeircreativity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.freedom

B.assistance

C.clues

D.funds

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.freedom自由B.assistance幫助

C.clues線索，提示D.funds基金

【考查點(diǎn)】語(yǔ)義銜接與名詞辨析

【解題思路】根據(jù)后文“不會(huì)影響創(chuàng)造力（creativity）”推斷，雇主的這個(gè)行為如果處理不當(dāng)會(huì)影響員工的創(chuàng)造力，原詞hint“暗示，提示”，因此C選項(xiàng)clues“線索，提示”與原詞意思最接近。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)freedom“自由”，與創(chuàng)造力無關(guān)；

B選項(xiàng)assistance“幫助”，語(yǔ)義太寬泛，沒有C選項(xiàng)具體；

D選項(xiàng)funds“基金”，與創(chuàng)造力無關(guān)。

【句意】一個(gè)好的雇主會(huì)給他或她的員工一些暗示，而不會(huì)影響他們的創(chuàng)造力。

11.翻譯題

Thefreedomofartismorethananideal.If,despitethesmallchanceofsuccess,theprofessionofartistissopopular,itisbecauseitofferstheprospectofalaborthatisapparentlyfreeofnarrowspecialization,allowingartists,likeheroesinthemovies,toendowworkandlifewiththeirownmeanings.Equallyfortheviewersofart,thereisacorrespondingfreedominappreciatingthepurposelessplayofideasandforms,notinslavishlyattemptingtodivineartists'intentions,butinallowingtheworktoelicitthoughtsandsensationsthatconnectwiththeirownexperiences.Thewealthybuythemselvesparticipationinthisfreezonethroughownershipandpatronage,andtheyarebuyingsomethinggenuinelyvaluable;thestateensuresthatawiderpublichasatleasttheopportunitytobreatheforawhilethescentoffreedomthatworksofartemit.Yettherearereasonstowonderwhetherfreetradeandfreeartareasantitheticalastheyseem.Firstly,theeconomyofartcloselyreflectstheeconomyoffinancecapital.Inarecentanalysisofthemeaningofculturaldominance,DonaldSassoonexploredpatternsofimportandexportofnovels,opera,andfilmsinthenineteenthandtwentiethcenturies.

Culturallydominantstateshaveabundantlocalproductionthatmeetsthedemandsoftheirhomemarkets,importinglittleandsuccessfullyexportingmuch.Inthenineteenthcentury,FranceandBritainwerethedominantliterarypowers.TheUSisnowbyfarthemostdominantculturalstate,exportingitsproductsgloballywhileimportingverylittle.

AsSassoonpointsout,thisdoesnotmeanthateveryoneconsumesAmericanculture,justthatmostoftheculturethatcirculatesacrossnationalboundariesisAmerican.Sassoonrulesfineartoutofhisaccountonthesensiblegroundsthatithasnomassmarket.Itishardtoreadtradefiguresforsignsofculturaldominanceinasystemthatisthoroughlycosmopolitan,sothatyouhaveaGermancollectorbuyingthroughaBritishdealertheworkofaChineseartistresidentintheUS.Wecan,however,getanideaofthevolumeoftradeineachnation,and,giventhehighproportionofinternationaltradeintheartmarket,thisdoesgiveanindicationofglobalhegemony.Heretherearestrikingparallelswiththedistributionoffinancialpower.ItishardlysurprisingthattheUSisdominant,accountingforalittlelessthanahalfofallglobalartsales;Europeaccountsformuchoftherest,withtheUKtakingasitssharearoundahalfofthat.

【答案】藝術(shù)的自由不僅僅是一種理想。盡管成功的幾率很小，藝術(shù)家這個(gè)行業(yè)很受歡迎，這是因?yàn)樗峁┝艘环N勞動(dòng)前景，這顯然擺脫了專業(yè)狹隘化的限制，讓藝術(shù)家像電影里的英雄一樣，賦予自己工作和生活的意義。同樣地，對(duì)于藝術(shù)欣賞者來說，在欣賞無目的的藝術(shù)思想和形式時(shí)也有一種相應(yīng)的自由，而這種欣賞不是盲目地試圖揣測(cè)藝術(shù)家的意圖，而是讓作品激發(fā)他們與個(gè)人自身經(jīng)歷相關(guān)的想法和感覺。

然而，我們有理由懷疑自由貿(mào)易和自由藝術(shù)是否和它們看起來那樣相反。首先，藝術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)嚴(yán)密地反映了金融資本經(jīng)濟(jì)。

文化占主導(dǎo)地位的國(guó)家擁有豐富的當(dāng)?shù)匚幕軌驖M足國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)的需求，因而可以少引進(jìn)，多出口。

正如Sassoon指出，這并不意味著每個(gè)人都要消費(fèi)美國(guó)文化，只是大多數(shù)跨國(guó)界傳播的文化都是美國(guó)文化。

Sassoon挑選好的藝術(shù)作品是經(jīng)過自己理智考慮的，在于它有沒有巨大的市場(chǎng)。在一個(gè)完全國(guó)際化的體系中，很難從貿(mào)易數(shù)據(jù)中判斷文化是否處于主導(dǎo)地位。所以，可能存在這樣的情況，一位德國(guó)收藏家從一個(gè)英國(guó)商人那里買到了一位華裔藝術(shù)家的作品。然而，了解每個(gè)國(guó)家文化產(chǎn)品的貿(mào)易量，鑒于一個(gè)國(guó)家藝術(shù)產(chǎn)品在整個(gè)藝術(shù)市場(chǎng)所占的比例，可以判斷出這個(gè)國(guó)家的文化藝術(shù)品是否處于國(guó)際領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位。下面是一些有關(guān)于金融大國(guó)比例分配驚人的相似點(diǎn)。

12.翻譯題

ThegreatworkofGibbonisindispensabletothestudentofhistory.TheliteratureofEuropeoffersnosubstitutefor"TheDeclineandFalloftheRomanEmpire."Ithasobtainedundisputedpossession,asrightfuloccupant,ofthevastperiodwhichitcomprehends.Howeversomesubjects,whichitembraces,mayhaveundergonemorecompleteinvestigate,on,onthegeneralviewofthewholeperiod,thishistoryisthesoleundisputedauthoritytowhichalldefer,andfromwhichfewappealtotheoriginalwriters,ortomoremoderncompilers.Theinherentinterestofthesubject,theinexhaustiblelaboremployeduponit;theimmensecondensationofmatter;theluminousarrangement;thegeneralaccuracy;thestyle,whichisthroughoutvigorous,animated,often,picturesquealwayscommandsattention-describeswithsingularbreadthandfidelity,andgeneralizeswithunrivalledfelicityofexpression:allthesehighqualificationshavesecured,andseemlikelytosecure,itspermanentplaceinhistoricliterature.ThisvastdesignofGibbon,themagnificentwholeintowhichhehascastthedecayandruinoftheancientcivilization,theformationandbirthoftheneworderofthings,willofitself,independentofthelaboriousexecutionofhisimmenseplanrender"TheDeclineandFalloftheRomanEmpire"anunapproachablesubjecttothefuturehistorian.ThisextentandharmonyofdesignisunquestionablythatwhichdistinguishestheworkofGibbonfromallothergreathistoricalcompositions.Hehasfirstbridgedtheabyssbetweenancientandmodemtimes,andconnectedtogetherthetwogreatworldsofhistory.Thegreatadvantagewhichtheclassicalhistorianspossessoverthoseofmoderntimesisinunity,ofplan,ofcoursegreatlyfacilitatedbythenarrowerspheretowhichtheirresearcheswereconfined.

ExceptHerodotus,thegreathistoriansofGreece—weexcludethemoremodemcompilers,likeDiodorusSiculus—limitedthemselvestoasingleperiod,oratleasttothecontractedsphereofGrecianaffairs.

Naturalunityconfinedtheirnarrativealmosttochronologicalorder,theepisodeswereofrareoccurrenceandextremelybrief.

TotheRomanhistoriansthecoursewasequallyclearanddefined.Romewastheircentreofunity;andtheuniformitywithwhichthecircleoftheRomandominionspreadaround,theregularitywithwhichtheircivilpolityexpanded,forced,asitwere,upontheRomanhistorianthatplanwhichPolybiusannouncesasthesubjectofhishistory,themeansandthemannerbywhichthewholeworldbecamesubjecttotheRomansway.HowdifferentthecomplicatedpoliticsoftheEuropeankingdoms!

Everynationalhistory,tobecomplete,must,inacertainsense,bethehistoryofEurope;thereisnoknowingtohowremoteaquarteritmaybenecessarytotraceourmostdomesticevents;fromacountry,howeverapparentlydisconnected,mayoriginatetheimpulsewhichgivesitsdirectiontothewholecourseofaffairs.

【答案】歐洲的文獻(xiàn)無法替代《羅馬帝國(guó)衰亡史》的作品。在過去的很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間里。它都處于主導(dǎo)地位。然而，它所包含的一些主題還需要經(jīng)歷更加完善的研究調(diào)查。從整體上來看，該書具有無可爭(zhēng)議的權(quán)威性，無論是對(duì)于隨后的歷史編寫者還是現(xiàn)代的編寫者。

這種風(fēng)格充滿活力、生氣勃勃并且極具吸引力。這種風(fēng)格用獨(dú)特的視覺和保真度進(jìn)行描述，并以無與倫比的表達(dá)來進(jìn)行歸納概括。

這部偉大的著作對(duì)羅馬古文明的腐化、衰亡及新秩序的誕生的描寫體現(xiàn)了這本著作的偉大思想精華。從它的構(gòu)思來看，《羅馬帝國(guó)衰亡史》使以后的歷史學(xué)家望塵莫及的，更不用說以后實(shí)行撰寫計(jì)劃的創(chuàng)作了。

那個(gè)曾經(jīng)侵略和壓迫過整個(gè)世界的最非凡的統(tǒng)治逐漸衰弱必須引起人們的注意和興趣，人們不能漠然地看待那些難以忘懷的時(shí)代。

這種設(shè)計(jì)的廣度和協(xié)調(diào)性是值得肯定的，這將吉本的作品與其他偉大的歷史作品區(qū)分開來。

古典歷史學(xué)家與現(xiàn)代歷史學(xué)家相比，最大的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于整體性，當(dāng)然，由于他們的研究范圍較窄，這有利于促進(jìn)研究。

順乎自然的統(tǒng)一性把他們都傾向于用時(shí)間順序記錄歷史，情節(jié)很少，而且極其簡(jiǎn)短。

每一部完整的民族史，在某種意義上，就是歐洲的歷史。我們無從知道要追溯我們國(guó)內(nèi)的歷史事件有多遙遠(yuǎn)。

13.單選題

PoorWilliamsisinhospitalagain.Theunluckyfellowseems（）toaccidents.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prone

B.destined

C.bound

D.disposed

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)prone“俯臥的；有……傾向的，易于……的”；B選項(xiàng)destined“注定的；命定的”；C選項(xiàng)bound“有義務(wù)的；必定的；受約束的”；D選項(xiàng)disposed“有……傾向的；打算做……的”。句意：可憐的威廉再次住院。這個(gè)不幸的家伙看上去易于遭受事故。結(jié)合句意可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingfromChineseintoEnglish.

在人際關(guān)系上我們不要太浪漫主義，人是很有趣的，往往在接觸一個(gè)人吋首先看到的都是他或她的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，這一點(diǎn)頗像是在贊館里用衩的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。開始吃頭盤或冷碟的吋候，印象很好。吃頭兩個(gè)主菜吋，也是贊不絕口。愈吃愈趨于冷靜。吃完了這頓宴席，缺點(diǎn)就都找出來了。于是轉(zhuǎn)喜為怒，轉(zhuǎn)贊美為貴備挑剔，轉(zhuǎn)首肯為搖頭。這是因?yàn)椋旱谝唬_始吃的時(shí)候你正處于饑餓狀態(tài)，而餓了吃糖甜如蜜，飽了吃蜜也不甜。第二，你初到一個(gè)餐館，開始舉筷吋有新鮮感，新蓋的茅房三天香，這也可以叫做“陌生化效應(yīng)”吧。

【答案】Weshouldnotbetooromanticininterpersonalrelations.Peopleareveryinteresting.Whenwefirstmeetsomeoneforthefirsttime,weonlynoticehisorhermerits.Thisisquiteliketheexperienceofdininginarestaurant.Atthebeginning,whenwetakethefirstcourseorcolddishes,wearefullofpraise.Wealsopraisethefirsttwomaincourses.Themorewetake,thecalmerwebecome.Afterwefinishthedinner,allkindsoffaultsarefoundout.Thendelightturnsintoangry,praiseintocomplaint,anoddingheadintoasharkingone.Thisisbecause：first,youareinastateofhungrywhenyoustarttoeat.Whenoneishungry,huskwilltasteassweetashoney;butwhenoneisfull,evenhoneywillnottastesweet.Second,whenyoubegintoeatinanewrestaurant,everythingisfreshtoyou.Anewlatrinesmellsfragrant.Thiscanalsobecalleddefamiliarizationeffect.

15.單選題

Thetrainclatteredoverpointsandpassedthroughastation.

Thenitbegansuddenlytoslowdown,presumablyinobediencetoasignal.Forsomeminutesitcrawledalong,thenstopped;presentlyitbegantomoveforwardagain.Anotherup-trainpassedthem,thoughwithlessvehemencethanthefirstone.Thetraingatheredspeedagain.Atthatmomentanothertrain,alsoonadown-line,swervedinwardstowardsthem,foramomentwithalmostalarmingeffect.Foratimethetwotrainsranparallel,nowonegainingalittle,nowtheother.Mrs.McGillicuddylookedfromherwindowthroughthewindowsoftheparallelcarriages.Mostoftheblindsweredown,butoccasionallytheoccupantsofthecarriageswerevisible.Theothertrainwasnotveryfullandthereweremanyemptycarriages.

Atthemomentwhenthetwotrainsgavetheillusionofbeingstationary,ablindinoneofthecarriagesflewupwithasnap.Mrs.McGillicuddy,lookedintothelightedfirst-classcarriagethatwasonlyafewfeetaway.

Thenshedrewherbreathinwithagaspandhalf-rosetoherfeet.

Standingwithhisbacktothewindowandtoherwasaman.Hishandswereroundthethroatofawomanwhofacedhim,andhewasslowly,remorselessly,stranglingher.Hereyeswerestartingfromtheirsockets,herfacewaspurple.AsMrs.McGillicuddywatched,fascinated,theendcame;thebodywentlimpandcrumpledintheman’shands.

Atthesamemoment,Mrs.McGillicuddy’strainsloweddownagainandtheotherbegantogainspeed.Itpassedforwardandamomentortwolaterithadvanishedironsight.

AlmostautomaticallyMrs.McGillicuddy'shandwentuptothecommunicationcord,thenpaused,irresolute.Afterall,whatusewoulditberingingthecordofthetraininwhichshewastravelling?Thehonorofwhatshehadseenatsuchclosequarters,andtheunusualcircumstances,