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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-內(nèi)蒙古經(jīng)貿(mào)外語(yǔ)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題
Partofthecostofmanyarticlesistakenastaxbythegovernment(
)thecommunity.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.inplaceof
B.onaccountof
C.intermsof
D.onbehalfof
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。inplaceof意為“代替”;onaccountof意為“由于”;intermsof意為“依據(jù),按照”;onbehalfof意為“代表,為了”。
句意:部分物品的費(fèi)用以稅收的形式由政府代表社會(huì)征收。
2.單選題
Alieisasmuchalie,whenitiswhisperedorwhenitis()atthemarketcross.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.proclaimed
B.reclaimed
C.acclaimed
D.claimed
【答案】A
【解析】形近詞詞義解析。proclaim“聲明”;reclaim“指收回或利用廢物”;acclaim“喝彩”;claim“聲稱(chēng)”。句意:謊言就是謊言,不管是小聲說(shuō)的,還是在街上大聲宣揚(yáng)的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
3.單選題
Thebiggestsafetythreatfacingairlinestodaymaynotbeaterroristwithagun,butthemanwiththeportablecomputerinbusinessclass.Inthelast15years,pilotshavereportedwellover100incidentsthatcouldhavebeencausedbyelectromagneticinterference.Thesourceofthisinterferenceremainsunconfirmed,butincreasingly,expertsarepointingtheblameatportableelectronicdevicessuchasportablecomputers,radioandcassetteplayersandmobiletelephones.
RTCA,anorganizationwhichadvisestheaviationindustry,hasrecommendedthatallairlinesbansuchdevicesfrombeingusedduring“critical”stagesofflight,particularlytake-offandlanding.Someexpertshavegonefurther,callingforatotalbanduringallflights.Currently,rulesonusingthesedevicesareleftuptoindividualairlines.Andalthoughsomeairlinesprohibitpassengersfromusingsuchequipmentduringtake-offandlanding,mostarereluctanttoenforceatotalban,giventhatmanypassengerswanttoworkduringflights.
Thedifficultyispredictinghowelectromagneticfieldsmightaffectanaircraft’scomputers.Expertsknowthatportabledevicesemitradiationwhichaffectsthosewavelengthswhichaircraftusefornavigationandcommunication.But,becausetheyhavenotbeenabletoreproducetheseeffectsinalaboratory,theyhavenowayofknowingwhethertheinterferencemightbedangerousornot.
Thefactthataircraftmaybevulnerabletointerferenceraisestheriskthatterroristsmayuseradiosystemsinordertodamagenavigationequipment.Asworrying,though,isthepassengerwhocan’theartheinstructionstoturnoffhisradiobecausethemusic’stooloud.
1.Thepassageismainlyabout(
).
2.Whatissaidabouttheover100aircraftincidentsinthepast15years?
3.Fewairlineswanttoimposeatotalbanontheirpassengersusingelectronicdevicesbecause(
)
4.Whyisitdifficulttopredictthepossibleeffectsofelectromagneticfieldsonanairplane’scomputers?
5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor(
).
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.anewregulationforallairlines
B.thedefectsofelectronicdevices
C.apossiblecauseofaircraftcrashes
D.effectivesafetymeasuresforairflight
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.Theymayhavebeencausedbythedamagetotheradiosystems
B.Theymayhavetakenplaceduringtake-offandlanding
C.Theywereprovedtohavebeencausedbythepassengers’portablecomputers
D.Theyweresuspectedtohaveresultedfromelectromagneticinterference
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.theydon’tbelievethereissuchadangerasradiointerference
B.theharmfuleffectofelectromagneticinterferenceisyettobeproved
C.mostpassengersrefusetotakeaplanewhichbanstheuseofradioandcassetteplayers
D.theyhaveothereffectivesafetymeasurestofallbackon
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.Becauseitisextremelydangeroustoconductsuchresearchonanairplane
B.Becauseitremainsamysterywhatwavelengthsareliabletobeinterferedwith
C.Becauseresearchscientistshavenotbeenabletoproducethatsameeffectsinlabs
D.Becauseexpertslackadequateequipmenttodosuchresearch
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.isinfavorofprohibitingpassenger’useofelectronicdevicescompletely
B.hasoverestimatedthedangerofelectromagneticinterference
C.hasn’tformedhisownopiniononthisproblem
D.regardsitasunreasonabletoexerciseatotalbanduringflight
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:C
第4題:C
第5題:A
【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章開(kāi)篇第一句話點(diǎn)明主旨:Thebiggestsafetythreatfacingairlinestodaymaynotbeaterroristwithagun,butthemanwiththeportablecomputerinbusinessclass(如今航空公司面臨的最大的安全威脅可能不是持槍的恐怖分子,而是商務(wù)艙里帶著便攜式電腦的乘客)。故選C。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段:Inthelast15years,pilotshavereportedwellover100incidentsthatcouldhavebeencausedbyelectromagneticinterference(在過(guò)去的15年中,飛行員報(bào)告說(shuō)100多起事故可能由電磁干擾引起的)。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段:mostarereluctanttoenforceatotalban,giventhatmanypassengerswanttoworkduringflights(由于許多乘客想在飛行期間工作,多數(shù)航空公司不愿意執(zhí)行全面禁令)。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。第三段給出了原因:But,becausetheyhavenotbeenabletoreproducetheseeffectsinalaboratory,theyhavenowayofknowingwhethertheinterferencemightbedangerousornot.(由于他們無(wú)法在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中重現(xiàn)這些效應(yīng),他們無(wú)法知道干擾是否有危險(xiǎn))。
5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。根據(jù)文章大意,可以看出作者的態(tài)度。
4.單選題
Thegapbetweenwhatweknowandallthatcanbeknownseemsnotto(),butrathertoincreasewitheverynewdiscovery.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.clarify
B.eliminate
C.diminish
D.extinguish
【答案】C
【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。clarify“澄清,闡明”;eliminate“消除,淘汰”;diminish“減少,貶低”;extinguish“熄滅,使破滅”。句意:我們知道的事情和未知的事情之間的間距似乎沒(méi)有減少,反而隨著新事物的發(fā)現(xiàn)而增加了。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
5.單選題
Theyuse___salestacticstodefeattheirmajorcompetitor.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.immoral
B.immortal
C.unscrupulous
D.ambitious
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)immoral“不道德的(生活作風(fēng)上的道德上的錯(cuò)誤);邪惡的;淫蕩的”;B選項(xiàng)immortal“不朽的;神仙的;長(zhǎng)生的”;C選項(xiàng)unscrupulous“肆無(wú)忌憚的;寡廉鮮恥的;不講道德的(不誠(chéng)實(shí)或不公平)”;D選項(xiàng)ambitious“野心勃勃的;有雄心的;熱望的;炫耀的”。句意:他們使用___銷(xiāo)售策略來(lái)?yè)魯≈饕母?jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。本句表達(dá)“肆無(wú)忌憚的銷(xiāo)售策略”,指不誠(chéng)信、不公平的銷(xiāo)售手段,和生活作風(fēng)無(wú)關(guān)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
6.單選題
Thediscoveryofdistillationisusually()totheArahsofthe11thcentury.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.accredited
B.credited
C.regarded
D.accomplished
【答案】A
【解析】句意:通常認(rèn)為,蒸餾法是阿拉伯人在11世紀(jì)發(fā)明的。
考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式表被動(dòng)。Accredit把……歸于;認(rèn)為(某事為某人所說(shuō)、所做),常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),常見(jiàn)搭配為sth.tosb.或?sb.withsth.;credit把…記入貸方;認(rèn)為是…的功勞,常用搭配為?A(withB)或?B(toA);regard將…認(rèn)為;把…視為,常見(jiàn)搭配為sb./sth.(withsth.)或?sb./sth.assth.;accomplish完成;實(shí)現(xiàn)。因此符合句意并且能跟介詞to搭配的為選項(xiàng)A。
7.單選題
Thelossofthe(
)ofhishearingdidn’tstophimfrombeingausefulmemberofthesociety.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.ability
B.capability
C.power
D.faculty
【答案】A
【解析】句意:聽(tīng)覺(jué)能力的喪失阻礙不了他成為一名對(duì)社會(huì)有用的人。
考查名詞辨析。Ability能力,才能(指人先天的或?qū)W來(lái)的各種能力);capability才能,能力,,容量(指勝任某項(xiàng)具體工作的能力,也指本身具有、尚未發(fā)揮的潛能);power功率,力量,能力,政權(quán),勢(shì)力(泛指一切力量或能力等);faculty科,系,能力,全體教員(指特殊的才能或智力)。由關(guān)鍵詞hearing(聽(tīng)力)可知這里指先天能力,故選A。
8.單選題
Thetoneofthearticle()thewriter’smoodatthetime.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.reproduced
B.reflected
C.imagined
D.imitated
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)reproduce“復(fù)制,繁殖”;B選項(xiàng)reflect“反射,反應(yīng)”;C選項(xiàng)imagine“想象,猜想”;D選項(xiàng)imitate“模仿,仿制”。句意:這篇文章的語(yǔ)氣反映了作者當(dāng)時(shí)的心情。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知,B選項(xiàng)符合句意。
9.單選題
Thesedayswehearalotofnonsenseaboutthe“greatclasslesssociety”.Theideathatthe20thcenturyistheageofthecommonmanhasbecomeoneofgreatclichesofourtime.
Thesameoldargumentsareputforwardinevidence.Herearesomeofthem:Monarchyasasystemofgovernmenthascompletelydiscredited.Themonarchiesthatsurvivehavebeendeprivedofallpoliticalpower.Inheritedwealthhasbeensavagelyreducedbytaxationand,intime,thegreatfortuneswilldisappearaltogether.Inanumberofcountriesthevictoryhasbeencomplete.Thepeoplerule;thegreatmillenniumhasbecomeapoliticalreality.Buthasit?Closeexaminationdoesn’tbearouttheclaim.
Itisafallacytosupposethatallmenareequalandthatsocietywillbeleveledoutifyouprovideeverybodywiththesameeducationalopportunities.(Itisdebatablewhetheryoucaneverprovideeveryonewiththesameeducationalopportunities,butthatisanotherquestion.)Thefactisthatnaturedispensesbrainsandabilitywithatotaldisregardfortheprincipleofequality.Theoldrulesofthejungle,“survivalofthefittest”,and“mightisright“arestillwithus.Thespreadofeducationhasdestroyedtheoldclasssystemandcreatedanewone.Rewardsarebasedonmeritfor“aristocracy”read“meritocracy”;inotherrespectssocietyremainsunaltered:theclasssystemisrigidlymaintained
Genuineability,animalcunning,skilltheknackofseizingopportunities,allbringsmaterialrewards.Andwhatisthefirstthingpeopledowhentheybecomerich?Theyusetheirwealthtosecurethebestpossibleopportunitiesfortheirchildren,togivethem“agoodstartinlife”.Forallthelipservicewepaytotheideaofequality.Wedonotconsiderthiswronginthewesternworld.Privateschoolswhichofferunfairadvantagesoverstateschoolsarenotbannedbecauseoneoftheprinciplesinademocracyisthatpeopleshouldbefreetochoosehowtheywilleducatetheirchildren.Inthisway,thenewmeritocracycanperpetuateitselftoacertainextent:anablechildfromawealthyhomecansucceedfarmorerapidlythanhispoorercounterpart.Wealthisalsousedindiscriminatelytofurtherpoliticalends.Itwouldbealmostimpossibletobecometheleaderofademocracywithoutmassivefinancialbacking.Moneyisaspowerfulaweaponaseveritwas.
Insocietieswhollydedicatedtotheprincipleofsocialequality.Privilegedprivateeducationisforbidden.Butevenherepeoplearerewardedaccordingtotheirabilities.Infact,sogreatistheneedforskilledworkersthattheleastablemaybeneglected.Brightchildrenarecarefullyandexpensivelytrainedtobecomefuturerulers.Intheend,allpoliticalideologiesboildowntothesamething:classdivisionspersistwhetheryouareruledbyafeudalkingoraneducatedpeasant.
1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?
2.Accordingtotheauthor,thesameeducationalopportunitiescan’tgetridofinequalitybecause(
).
3.Whocanobtainmorerapidsuccess?
4.Whydoestheauthorsaythenewmeritocracycanperpetuateitselftoacertainextent?Because(
).
5.Accordingtotheauthor,“classdivisions”refersto(
).
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Equalityofopportunityinthetwentiethcenturyhasnotdestroyedtheclasssystem.
B.Equalitymeansmoney.
C.Thereisnosuchsocietyasclasslesssociety.
D.Naturecan’tgiveyouaclasslesssociety.
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.theprinciple“survivalofthefittest”exists.
B.natureignoresequalityindispensingbrainsandability.
C.materialrewardsareforgenuineability.
D.peoplehavethefreedomhowtoeducatetheirchildren.
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.Thosewithwealth.
B.Thosewiththebestbrains..
C.Thosewiththebestopportunities.
D.Thosewhohavetheabilitytocatchatopportunities.
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.moneydecideseverything.
B.privateschoolsofferadvantagesoverstateschools.
C.peoplearefreetochoosethewayofeducatingtheirchildren.
D.wealthisusedforpoliticalends.
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.therichandthepoor.
B.differentopportunitiesforpeople.
C.oppressorandtheoppressed.
D.geniusandstupidity.
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:A
第5題:A
【解析】1.主旨大意題。A項(xiàng)Equalityofopportunityinthetwentiethcenturyhasnotdestroyedtheclasssystem(20世紀(jì)的機(jī)會(huì)均等并沒(méi)有破壞階級(jí)制度)能更好概括本文主旨。
2.細(xì)節(jié)題。作者指出:自然在分配大腦和能力的時(shí)候,完全不考慮平等的原則。有智慧能力才能生存,才能獲報(bào)償,這已經(jīng)是不平等,因此即使獲同樣的受教育的機(jī)會(huì),也不可能鏟除不平等。
3.細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段指出:英才教育在某種程度上是永存的。一個(gè)來(lái)自富有家庭的有能力的孩子要比其對(duì)立面獲得成功要快得多得多。因此推測(cè),有錢(qián)人能夠快速獲得成功。
4.細(xì)節(jié)題。英才教育在某種程度上是永存的。因?yàn)橛绣X(qián),才上得起私立學(xué)校。故選A。
5.推斷題。作者強(qiáng)調(diào)窮人,富人在天賦、教育機(jī)會(huì)等方面的差異造成即使是同樣的教育機(jī)會(huì)也不可能鏟除不平等,因此在作者眼里,真正的階級(jí)分化在于貧富差距。
10.單選題
Hewassoangrythathejustcouldn’t()fromtellingthemwhathethought.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.holdoff
B.holdon
C.holdback
D.holdup
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定搭配。holdbackfrom意為“抑制…阻止…”。句意“他非常生氣,忍不住把自己的想法告訴了他們。”選項(xiàng)C符合句意。
11.翻譯題
Twomodesofargumentationhavebeenusedonbehalfofwomen’semancipationinWesternsocieties.Argumentsinwhatcouldbecalledthe“relational”feministtraditionmaintainthedoctrineof“equalityindifference”,orequityasdistinctfromequality.Theycontendthatbiologicaldistinctionsbetweenthesexesresultinanecessarysexualdivisionoflaborinthefamilyandthroughoutsocietyandthatwomen’sprocreativelaboriscurrentlyundervaluedbysociety,tothedisadvantageofwomen.Bycontrast,theindividualistfeministtraditionemphasizesindividualhumanrightsandcerebrates(崇尚)women’squestforpersonalautonomy,whiledownplayingtheimportanceofgenderrolesandminimizingdiscussionofchildbearinganditsattendantresponsibilities.Beforethelatenineteenthcentury,theseviewscoexistedwithinthefeministmovement,oftenwithinthewritingsofthesameindividual.Between1890and1920,however,relationalfeminism,whichhadbeenthedominantstraininfeministthoughtandwhich,stillpredominatesamongEuropeanandnon-Westernfeminists,lostgroundinEnglandandtheUnitedStates.Becausetheconceptofindividualrightswasalreadywell-establishedintheAnglo-Saxonlegalandpoliticaltradition,individualistfeminismcametopredominateinEnglish-speakingcountries.Atthesametime,thegoalsofthetwoapproachesbegantoseemincreasinglyirreconcilable.Individualistfeministsbegantoadvocateatotallygender-blindsystemwithequalrightsforall.Relationalfeminists,whileagreeingthatequaleducationalandeconomicopportunitiesoutsidethehomeshouldbeavailableforallwomen,continuedtoemphasizewomen’sspecialcontributionstosocietyashomemakersandmothers.Theydemandedspecialtreatmentforwomen,includingprotectivelegislationforwomenworkers,state-sponsoredmaternitybenefits,andpaidcompensationforhousework.
Relationalargumentshaveamajorpitfall:becausetheyunderlinewomen’sphysiologicalandpsychologicaldistinctiveness,theyareoftenappropriatedbypoliticaladversariesandusedtoendorsemaleprivilege.Buttheindividualistapproach,byattackinggenderroles,denyingthesignificanceofphysiologicaldifference,andcondemningexistingfamilialinstitutionsashopelesslypatriarchal,hasoftensimplytreatedasirrelevantthefamilyrolesimportanttomanywomen.Iftheindividualistframework,withitsclaimforwomen’sautonomy,couldbeharmonizedwiththefamily-orientedconcernsofrelationalfeminists,amorefruitfulmodelforcontemporaryfeministpoliticscouldemerge.
【答案】相比之下,利己的女權(quán)主義傳統(tǒng)強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人的人權(quán)并崇尚婦女追求個(gè)人的自主,卻貶低性別角色的重要性并減少對(duì)生育子女和撫養(yǎng)子女責(zé)任的探討。
然而,從1890年到1920年,關(guān)系論的女權(quán)主義在女權(quán)思想中占主導(dǎo)地位而且現(xiàn)在仍然在歐洲和非西方女權(quán)主義者中占優(yōu)勢(shì),它在英國(guó)和美國(guó)失去了影響。
但是利己主義的研究方法,通過(guò)抨擊性別角色,否定生理差別的重要性,譴責(zé)現(xiàn)存家庭體制是不可救藥的家長(zhǎng)制,常常將對(duì)許多婦女來(lái)說(shuō)非常重要的家庭角色僅視為毫不重要的事情。
12.單選題
E-mailisaconvenient,highlydemocraticinformalmediumforconveyingmessagesthat(
)welltohumanneeds.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.conforms
B.adheres
C.reflects
D.satisfies
【答案】B
【解析】句意:電子郵件是一種方便的、非常大眾化的非正式信息傳遞媒介,它很符合人類(lèi)的需求。
考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的三單形式。Conform符合,遵照,常與介詞to或with連用;adhere遵守,堅(jiān)持,粘附;reflect反映,反射,反省;satisfy使?jié)M意,滿(mǎn)足,可作及物動(dòng)詞。故B項(xiàng)無(wú)論從語(yǔ)義還是從搭配上都符合題干要求。
13.單選題
Inthemid-1990s,threeseniorfemaleprofessorsatM.I.T.cametosuspectthattheircareershadbeenhamperedbysimilarpatternsofmarginalization.(1)Afterperformingtheinvestigationandstudyingthedata,thecommitteeconcludedthatthemarginalizationexperiencedbyfemalescientistsatM.I.T.“wasoftenaccompaniedbydifferencesinsalary,space,awards,resourcesandresponsetooutsideoffersbetweenmenandwomenfaculty,withwomenreceivinglessdespiteprofessionalaccomplishmentsequaltothoseoftheircolleagues.”Thedeanconcurredwiththecommittee’sfindings.Andyet,aswasnotedinthecommittee’sreport,hisfellowadministrators“resistedthenotionthattherewasanyproblemthatarosefromgenderbiasinthetreatmentofthewomenfaculty.SomearguedthatitwasthemasculinecultureofM.I.T.thatwastoblame,andlittlecouldbedonetochangethat.”
(2)
Thecommittee’smostevocativefindingwasthatthediscriminationfacingfemalescientistsinthefinalquarterof20thcenturywasqualitativelydifferentfromthemoreobviousformsofsexismaddressedbycivilrightslawsandaffirmativeaction,butnolessreal.NoteveryoneagreesthatwhatwasuncoveredatM.I.T.actuallyqualifiesasdiscrimination.
(3)
Eveniffemaleprofessorshavebeenshortchangedorshuntedaside,theirmarginalizationmightbearesultofthesamesortsofdepartmentalinfighting,personalityconflictsand“mistakenimpressionsthatcausemalefacultymemberstofeelslightedaswell.‘‘Perceptionsofdiscriminationareevidenceofnothingbutsubjectivefeelings,”Kleinfeldscoffs.
(4)
InFebruary2012,theAmericanInstituteofPhysicspublishedasurveyof15,000maleandfemalephysicistsacross130countries.
(5)
“Infact,”theresearchersconcluded,“womenphysicistscouldbethemajorityinsomehypotheticalfutureyetstillfindtheircareersexperienceproblemsthatstemfromoftenunconsciousbias.”
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.
B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.
C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.
D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.
E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.
F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.
B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.
C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.
D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.
E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.
F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.
B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.
C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.
D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.
E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.
F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.
B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.
C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.
D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.
E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.
F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.
B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.
C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.
D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.
E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.
F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.
【答案】第1題:F
第2題:E
第3題:B
第4題:C
第5題:A
【解析】1.聯(lián)系上下文。第二段開(kāi)頭提到committee時(shí),使用了定冠詞the修飾committee,說(shuō)明前文該詞就已出現(xiàn)過(guò),選項(xiàng)F中含有committee,也同樣提到了investigate,與下文的investigation呼應(yīng)。
2.聯(lián)系上下文??崭袂耙痪涮峒皯?yīng)該指責(zé)的是麻省理工學(xué)院的男性文化(masculineculture),而對(duì)此卻束手無(wú)策。選項(xiàng)E中提及女性沒(méi)有成為科學(xué)家是因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)(或科學(xué)家)都是男性,與前文意思最為接近。
3.聯(lián)系上下文??崭竦那耙痪渲刑岬讲⒉皇敲恳粋€(gè)人都同意在麻省理工暴露的問(wèn)題就是歧視的這一說(shuō)法,接下來(lái)作者很有可能要舉例說(shuō)明該觀點(diǎn)。另外,第二段末提到了一個(gè)人名Kleinfeld,說(shuō)明上文中一定交代了Kleinfeld的相關(guān)信息,選項(xiàng)中符合語(yǔ)境的只有選項(xiàng)B,其中提及的“M.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasive”與上文信息呼應(yīng)。
4.聯(lián)系上下文??崭袂暗亩沃刑峒癒leinfeld教授認(rèn)為麻省理工的女性科學(xué)家被邊緣化不是因?yàn)樾詣e歧視,而空格句所在段落的尾句指出大多數(shù)女物理學(xué)家所經(jīng)歷的事業(yè)問(wèn)題通常來(lái)自于無(wú)意識(shí)的偏見(jiàn)(unconsciousbias),前后兩段內(nèi)容相反,由此可知,空格處句子表示轉(zhuǎn)折承接,C、D入選,而只有選項(xiàng)C中提及了discrimination,與下文遙相呼應(yīng)。
5.聯(lián)系上下文。選項(xiàng)A中的inalmostallcultures與上文中的across130countries互相呼應(yīng)。
14.單選題
Egyptianauthoritiesaretryingtopreventtheirhistoricalmonumentsfromsuccumbingtotheravagesoftime.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.standingby
B.countingon
C.yieldingto
D.holdingup
【答案】C
【解析】考查詞組辨析?!癶istoricalmonuments歷史遺跡”與"theravagesoftime時(shí)間的摧殘"之間的關(guān)系是時(shí)間能摧殘歷史遺跡。句意:埃及政府正努力阻止歷史遺跡()時(shí)間的摧殘??赏茢喑鰏uccumbingto是屈服的意思。standby支持,袖手旁觀;counton依賴(lài),依靠;yieldto屈服,讓步;holdup舉起,阻擋。故C項(xiàng)正確。
15.單選題
After-salesserviceandguaranteebecomeanintegralandessentialpartofa“goodbrand”onbothlocalandregionallevels,andtheprovisionofsuchalsoproducedsolidgroundforcustomerloyalty.
Customerstodayarealotmoredemandingthanbefore.Beingabletofindafter-salesservicecreatesafeelingofconvenienceandasenseofresponsibilityfromthemanufacturer.Thisisveryimportanttobuildcustomerloyaltyandexplainswhymore24-hourshotlinecentersareavailablenowadays.Productguaranteeisalsooneofthemajorfactorswhenapotentialcustomerdecidestomakeapurchase.Whetherthisbeintheformofawrittenguaranteeoraguaranteebasedonreputation,theimportancetotheconsumerisself-evident.
Abrand’sresearchanddevelopment,anunavoidableinvestment,usuallybackupsafetyguaranteesformarketersnowadays.Producttestingandrefinementareconductedforbothnewandexistingproducts.Withthehelpofcomputerizedmachinery,qualitycontrolhasachievedthehighestlevelthaneverbeforetoenableconsistencyinproduction.Fortheconsumerthismeansaqualityofguaranteeforthatbrandwhetheritbeavailableathomeorabroad.
11.After-salesserviceandguaranteecanproduce____.
12.More24-hourhotlinecentersappearbecause____.
13.Productguarantee____.
14.Producttestingandrefinementareconductedfor____.
15.WhichisNOTmentionedconcerningproductguarantee?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.solidgroundforcustomerloyalty
B.asenseofresponsibility
C.afeelingofconvenience
D.asenseofsatisfaction
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.moreandmorecustomersdemandafter-salesservices
B.therearemoreandmorecomplaintsfromcustomers
C.morecompaniescometorealizetheimportanceofafter-salesservice
D.theyhavebecomeanewtypeofinvestment
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.mustbeinwrittenform
B.canbebasedonthecompany’sreputation
C.isnotoftenprovidedbythecompanies
D.oftenfailstomeetinreality
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.newproductsonly
B.qualityproducts
C.dangerousproducts
D.bothnewandexistingproducts
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.Abrand’sresearchanddevelopment.
B.Producttestingandrefinement.
C.Qualitycontrol.
D.Productdistribution.
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:C
第3題:B
第4題:D
第5題:D
【解析】11.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
After-salesserviceandguaranteecanproduce____.售后服務(wù)和產(chǎn)品保證可以產(chǎn)生____。
A.solidgroundforcustomerloyaltyA.客戶(hù)忠誠(chéng)度的堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)
B.asenseofresponsibilityB.責(zé)任感
C.afeelingofconvenienceC.一種便利的感覺(jué)
D.asenseofsatisfactionD.滿(mǎn)足感
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞After-salesserviceandguarantee和produce定位到原文第一段。該段提到“售后服務(wù)和產(chǎn)品保證(After-salesserviceandguarantee)成為一個(gè)‘好品牌’在地方和地區(qū)層面上不可或缺的組成部分,這也為客戶(hù)忠誠(chéng)度提供了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)(producedsolidgroundforcustomerloyalty)。”實(shí)際上,第二段前半段寫(xiě)售后服務(wù)的重要性,后半段寫(xiě)產(chǎn)品保證的重要性。綜上所述,A選項(xiàng)“客戶(hù)忠誠(chéng)度的堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)”最符合原文。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
B選項(xiàng)“責(zé)任感”,可定位到原文第二段第二句,該句提到“能夠找到售后服務(wù)(Beingabletofindafter-salesservice),創(chuàng)造了一種便利的感覺(jué),并且體現(xiàn)了制造商的責(zé)任感(asenseofresponsibility)?!庇纱丝芍?,產(chǎn)生“制造商的責(zé)任感”的是“能夠找到售后服務(wù)”,并沒(méi)有包括“產(chǎn)品保證”,該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全;
C選項(xiàng)“一種便利的感覺(jué)”,可定位到原文第二段第二句,該句提到“能夠找到售后服務(wù)(Beingabletofindafter-salesservice),創(chuàng)造了一種便利的感覺(jué)(afeelingofconvenience)和制造商的責(zé)任感。”由此可知,產(chǎn)生“便利的感覺(jué)”的是“能夠找到售后服務(wù)”,并沒(méi)有包括“產(chǎn)品保證”,該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全;
D選項(xiàng)“滿(mǎn)足感”,原文并未提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。
12.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
More24-hourhotlinecentersappearbecause____.更多的24小時(shí)熱線中心出現(xiàn)是因?yàn)開(kāi)___。
A.moreandmorecustomersdemandafter-salesservicesA.越來(lái)越多的客戶(hù)要求售后服務(wù)
B.therearemoreandmorecomplaintsfromcustomersB.客戶(hù)的抱怨越來(lái)越多了
C.morecompaniescometorealizetheimportanceofafter-salesserviceC.越來(lái)越多的公司開(kāi)始意識(shí)到售后服務(wù)的重要性
D.theyhavebecomeanewtypeofinvestmentD.他們已經(jīng)成為一種新的投資方式
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞24-hourhotline和because定位到原文第二段第三句,該句提到“這(This)對(duì)建立客戶(hù)忠誠(chéng)度非常重要,也解釋了為什么現(xiàn)在有更多的24小時(shí)熱線中心可使用?!薄斑@(This)”指代的是前文提到的“現(xiàn)在的客戶(hù)比以前要求更高了。能夠找到售后服務(wù),創(chuàng)造了一種便利的感覺(jué)和制造商的責(zé)任感?!逼渲?,后者是“售后服務(wù)的重要性”。由此推斷,之所以越來(lái)越多的公司設(shè)立24小時(shí)服務(wù)熱線,是因?yàn)樗麄円庾R(shí)到售后服務(wù)可以給現(xiàn)在要求越來(lái)越高的客戶(hù)帶來(lái)一種便利的感覺(jué),并且讓他們感受到公司的責(zé)任感。因此,C選項(xiàng)“越來(lái)越多的公司開(kāi)始意識(shí)到售后服務(wù)的重要性”符合原文。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“越來(lái)越多的客戶(hù)要求售后服務(wù)”,原文雖然提到了現(xiàn)在的客戶(hù)要求更高了,但并沒(méi)有提到他們的要求是售后服務(wù),也沒(méi)有提到提要求的客戶(hù)更多了,該選項(xiàng)屬于過(guò)度推理;
B選項(xiàng)“客戶(hù)的抱怨越來(lái)越多了”,原文只是提到客戶(hù)的要求更高了,但這并不意味著客戶(hù)的抱怨更多了,該選項(xiàng)屬于推理過(guò)度;
D選項(xiàng)“他們已經(jīng)成為一種新的投資方式”,investment可以定位到原文第三段第一句,該句提到“品牌的研發(fā)(Abrand’sresearchanddevelopment)是一項(xiàng)不可避免的投資。”由此可知,原文提到的“投資”是“產(chǎn)品研發(fā)”,而不是“售后服務(wù)和保障”;并且原文并未提到“售后服務(wù)和保障”是“一種新的投資方式”,該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。
13.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Productguarantee____.產(chǎn)品保證____。
A.
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