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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題
Theyhavedevelopedcomputersthatcanunderstandthingspeoplesay,andcannowgivea[A]meaninganswer.Buthumanintelligenceisbetterthanhavinga[B]goodmemory.Itmaybe[C]possibletobuildcomputersthatcanrememberalotmorethanthehumanbrain.[D]Buthumanscandoalotmore.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.meaning
B.good
C.possible
D.But
【答案】A
【解析】考查詞性混用。A選項(xiàng)修飾的詞語(yǔ)是answer,因此meaning應(yīng)改為形容詞性的meaningful“有意義的”。
2.不定項(xiàng)選擇題
Whathappensifpeopledonottakeintoaccountthecultureofthecountriestheyaredealingwith?Herearesomeexamples.
Mr.Byrdwashiredbyawell-knownAmericancorporationtobeits“maninRiyadh”,SaudiArabia.HewenttothehomeofaSaudi,Mr.Fouad,totrytointeresthiminparticipatinginalocaljointventurewithhiscompany.Asthiswasafirstmeeting,themen’sconversationbeganwith“Howareyoudoing?How’syourfamily?Andhowisyourfather?”thatmadeMr.Byrdalittleimpatient.Mr.Byrd,familiarwiththeseobligatoryformalitiesofgreeting,answered“Fine,myfather,yes,well,heisfine.IsawhimafewmonthsagoduringChristmaswhenwetookhimoutofthenursinghomeforafewdays.”
Fromthatpointeverythingfrozeup.Mr.Byrd’smissionwascompletelyderailedbecausewhileMr.Fouadremainedgraciousenough,hewasobviouslyuninterestedindoinganybusinesswithMr.Byrd.
TheAmericanwasatalossanddidn’tknowwhathe’ddonewrong.Infacttheproblemwithhimisthathedidnotunderstandthefamilycultureinthispartoftheworld.ItwouldhavebeeninconceivablefortheSauditohaveplacedhisfatherinthecareofstrangers.Mr.FouadthusfeltthathecouldnottrustMr.Byrdasabusinesspartner.
Anotherexample,JimTurnerwasattendingaconferenceinLyon.ThiswasnothisfirsttriptoFrance,andhewaspleasedsomeoftheFrenchcolleagueshe’dmetpreviouslyrememberedhim.Oneeveningtheyinvitedhimalongfordinner.Shortlyafterthefoodwasserved,theybeganjokingaboutthequalityofthefood.Thatsurprisedhim.Hethoughtthefoodwasreallyrathergoodandsaidso,expectingthediscussiontocontinue.Buttohisgreatdiscomfort,theythenmadesomejokeabout“foodandAmericans”andchangedthesubject.Hefeltsomewhatexcludedanddidn’tknowwhathe’ddonewrong.
Interpretation:TheFrenchtakegreatprideintheirfoodandwineandforeignersshouldbeveryprudentaboutpassingjudgmentonthequalityofthefood.Inthiscase,theFrenchmenobviouslythoughtthatthefoodattherestaurantdidnotwarrantsuchpraise,andintheirview,theAmericanrevealedhislackoftaste.
1.Mr.ByrdtriedtopersuadeMr.Fouadto________.
2.TheconversationbetweenMr.ByrdandMr.Fouad________.
3.Mr.Byrd’sproblemliesinthathe________.
4.JimTurnerpraisedthefoodbecause________.
5.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethatwhendoingbusinessabroad________.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.joinhiscompanyasthelegaladviser
B.investinhiscompanyasalocalpartner
C.workinhiscompanyasthelocalmanager
D.cooperatewithhiscompanyasthelocaldealer
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.beganwithsmalltalk
B.wentdirectlytobusiness
C.deepenedtheirfriendship
D.endedupinaquarrel
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.wasnotfamiliarwithSaudiArabianwayoftalking
B.wasnotgoodattheartoftalkingwithastranger
C.didnotknowMr.Fouad’spersonalityandinterests
D.didnotrealizetheimportanceoffamilyinSaudiArabia
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.hetriedtopleasethehosts
B.itwassociallynecessary
C.hetrulyenjoyedthefood
D.itwaspartofthetablemanners
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.sincerityisthekeytosuccess
B.itisessentialtounderstandculturaldifferences
C.oneshouldbecarefulinmakingjudgment
D.itisnecessarytocreateawin-winsituation
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:A
第3題:D
第4題:C
第5題:B
【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干人名Mr.Byrd和Mr.Fouad定位到文章第二段第二句HewenttothehomeofaSaudi,Mr.Fouad,totrytointeresthiminparticipatinginalocaljointventurewithhiscompany.(他(指Mr.Byrd)到一個(gè)叫Mr.Fouad的沙特人的家里,試圖吸引他,讓他對(duì)與自己公司一起在當(dāng)?shù)亟⒁患液腺Y公司產(chǎn)生興趣)。由此可知Mr.Byrd去的目的是讓Mr.Fouad成為自己公司的地區(qū)合伙人,所以答案選B選項(xiàng)“投資自己公司成為地區(qū)合伙人”,而不是A選項(xiàng)“做該公司地區(qū)法律顧問(wèn)”,C選項(xiàng)“成為該公司地區(qū)經(jīng)理”或者D選項(xiàng)“與他合作,說(shuō)服他成為地區(qū)經(jīng)銷(xiāo)商”。
第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由conversation我們可以對(duì)應(yīng)到文中提到的兩個(gè)人之間的談話內(nèi)容,即第二段第三句Asthiswasafirstmeeting,themen’sconversationbeganwith“Howareyoudoing?How’syourfamily?Andhowisyourfather?”thatmadeMr.Byrdalittleimpatient.(在第一次會(huì)面的時(shí)候,兩人之間的談話是以“你最近怎么樣?你家人怎么樣?你爸爸近來(lái)可好?”,這些對(duì)話使得拜德先生變得有點(diǎn)不耐煩。)從這句話可知,兩人的對(duì)話沒(méi)有開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山直接談生意而是從一些日常小事開(kāi)始的,所以B選項(xiàng)“直入主題”錯(cuò)誤,A選項(xiàng)“從無(wú)關(guān)緊要的對(duì)話開(kāi)始”正確。我們?cè)俣ㄎ坏降谌蔚诙湓扢r.Byrd’smissionwascompletelyderailedbecausewhileMr.Fouadremainedgraciousenough,hewasobviouslyuninterestedindoinganybusinesswithMr.Byrd.(拜德先生的任務(wù)完全失敗了因?yàn)楸M管福德先生仍然保持著風(fēng)度,但是很顯然他對(duì)和拜德先生做生意這件事已經(jīng)沒(méi)有任何興趣了)。從這句話我們可以知道這次談話失敗了,福德先生對(duì)拜德先生不是很滿意,所以并沒(méi)有增加他們之間的友誼,因而C選項(xiàng)“加深了他們之間的友誼”排除,而且從remaingracious這個(gè)短語(yǔ)來(lái)看,福德先生保持著風(fēng)度的,所以D選項(xiàng)“以爭(zhēng)吵結(jié)束”錯(cuò)誤。
第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干我們定位到第三段第三、四句話TheAmericanwasatalossanddidn’tknowwhathe’ddonewrong.Infacttheproblemwithhimisthathedidnotunderstandthefamilycultureinthispartoftheworld.(這個(gè)美國(guó)人非常迷茫,不知道那里做錯(cuò)了。事實(shí)上問(wèn)題在于他并不理解這個(gè)地區(qū)的家庭文化),由此我們答案選D選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有意識(shí)到家庭對(duì)于沙特人的重要性”。A選項(xiàng)“不熟悉沙特阿拉伯人的談話方式”;B選項(xiàng)“不善于和陌生人談話”;C選項(xiàng)“不知道福德先生的性格和興趣”;這三點(diǎn)文章中都沒(méi)有提及,所以答案選D。
第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干我們可以定位到第四段第六句話Hethoughtthefoodwasreallyrathergoodandsaidso(他覺(jué)得食物非常不錯(cuò)而且也是這樣說(shuō)的),由此可知Jim夸贊食物的原因是因?yàn)樗嫘挠X(jué)得好吃,并不是A選項(xiàng)“為了取悅主人”;B選項(xiàng)“為了社交需求”;D選項(xiàng)“或者是出于餐桌禮儀”。所以答案應(yīng)該選C選項(xiàng)“他真的覺(jué)得食物好吃”。
第5題:主旨大意題。從conclude(總結(jié))這個(gè)詞可知,這道題是選貼近文章主題的。A選項(xiàng)“真誠(chéng)是成功的關(guān)鍵”,B選項(xiàng)“了解文化差異是必要的”,C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人應(yīng)該謹(jǐn)慎地作出判斷”,D選項(xiàng)“營(yíng)造雙贏環(huán)境是非常必要的”。整篇文章主要是講了兩個(gè)例子,都是關(guān)于主人公因?yàn)闆](méi)有注意到文化差異,一個(gè)造成生意沒(méi)談成,一個(gè)造成不能融入集體。和真誠(chéng)、謹(jǐn)慎,還有雙贏這三個(gè)話題沒(méi)有關(guān)系,所以答案要選擇B。
3.翻譯題
當(dāng)前,國(guó)際形勢(shì)正在發(fā)生深刻而復(fù)雜的變化。和平、發(fā)展、合作是當(dāng)今時(shí)代的主旋律。世界多極化和經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的趨勢(shì)深入發(fā)展,科技進(jìn)步日新月異,區(qū)域合作方興未艾,各國(guó)相互依存不斷加深,這些都為世界各國(guó)帶來(lái)了難得的發(fā)展機(jī)遇。同時(shí),全球發(fā)展不均衡,南北差距拉大,傳統(tǒng)安全威脅和非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅相互交織,影響世界和平與發(fā)展的不穩(wěn)定不確定因素增多,廣大發(fā)展中國(guó)家實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展面臨著嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。
中國(guó)是最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家,非洲是發(fā)展中國(guó)家最集中的大陸,中國(guó)和非洲的人口占世界人口三分之一以上。沒(méi)有中國(guó)和非洲的和平與發(fā)展,就沒(méi)有世界的和平與發(fā)展。
【答案】【參考譯文】Atpresent,theinternationalsituationisundergoingprofoundandcomplexchanges.Peace,developmentandcooperationarethethemesofthepresentera.Thetrendofworldmulti-polarizationandeconomicglobalizationisdevelopingfurther,theprogressinscienceandtechnologyischangingwitheachpassingday,theregionalcooperationismakingrobustprogress,andtheinterdependencebetweeneachnationgoesfurther.Allthesehavecreatedraredevelopmentopportunitiesfortheinternationalcommunity.Atthesametime,imbalanceinglobaldevelopment,wideninggapbetweenNorthandSouth,thecombinationoftraditionalandnon-traditionalsecuritythreatsaswellasincreasingfactorsofinstabilityanduncertaintystandinginthewayofpeaceanddevelopmentallposeadauntingchallengetodevelopingcountriesintheirpursuitofsustainabledevelopment.
Chinaisthelargestdevelopingcountryintheworld,andAfricaishometothelargestnumberofdevelopingcountriesintheworld.Ourcombinedpopulationaccountsforoverathirdoftheworldtotalpopulation.WithoutpeaceanddevelopmentinChinaandAfrica,therewillbenoglobalpeaceanddevelopment.
4.翻譯題
Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetII.
在哥本哈根會(huì)議遇到困難,許多國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人準(zhǔn)備打道回府的時(shí)候,我堅(jiān)持同各方斡旋,與各國(guó)共同努力,最終達(dá)成哥本哈根協(xié)議。這個(gè)成果是來(lái)之不易的,也是在涉及各國(guó)重大利益問(wèn)題上可能取得的最好成果。
哥本哈根會(huì)議結(jié)束以后,1月份我就致函聯(lián)合國(guó)秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)和丹麥?zhǔn)紫?,?jiān)定地表示,中國(guó)高度評(píng)價(jià)和支持哥本哈根會(huì)議決議的立場(chǎng)。就在最近,我們又致函聯(lián)合國(guó),表示我們?nèi)嬷С指绫竟鶗?huì)議決議的立場(chǎng),并且申明中國(guó)列入支持《哥本哈根協(xié)議》的名單國(guó)。
為什么總拿中國(guó)做文章?我至今不明白。氣候變化問(wèn)題關(guān)系到人類(lèi)的生存,也關(guān)系到各國(guó)的利益,關(guān)系到世界的公平和正義。我們堅(jiān)持“共同但有個(gè)別的責(zé)任”原則是完全正確的,我們將繼續(xù)同世界各國(guó)一同推進(jìn)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的進(jìn)程。
【答案】WhentheCopenhagenConferenceranintodifficultiesandmanyworldleaderswerereadytogohome,IinsistedonworkingwithallpartiesandothercountriestoreachanagreementinCopenhagen.Thisresultishard-won,anditisthebestthatcanbeachievedonissuesthataffecttheinterestsofallcountries.
AftertheCopenhagenConference,IwroteletterstotheUNSecretary-GeneralandtheDanishPrimeMinisterinJanuary,firmlystatingthatChinahighlyvaluesandsupportstheCopenhagenConferenceresolution.Justrecently,wewrotetotheUnitedNations,expressingourfullsupportfortheCopenhagenConferenceresolutionandaffirmingChina’sinclusioninthelistofcountriessupportingtheCopenhagenAccord.
WhydoyoualwaysmakeanissueofChina?Istilldon’tunderstand.Climatechangeconcernsnotonlythesurvivalofmankind,butalsotheinterestsofallcountriesandthefairnessandjusticeoftheworld.Itisentirelycorrectforustoadheretotheprincipleof“commonbutseparateresponsibilities”.Wewillcontinuetoworkwithothercountriestotackleclimatechange.
5.單選題
SinceHelenismywife,itisdifficultformetobeobjectiveabouthertalent.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.impersonal
B.single-minded
C.overwhelmed
D.subjective
【答案】A
【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)impersonal“客觀的,非個(gè)人的”;B選項(xiàng)single-minded“專(zhuān)心的,純真的”;C選項(xiàng)overwhelmed“被壓倒的,被湮沒(méi)的”;D選項(xiàng)subjective“主觀的,個(gè)人的”。句意:既然海倫是我的妻子,我很難客觀地評(píng)價(jià)她的才能。Objective“客觀的”,由此可知A選項(xiàng)與該詞意思更相近,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
6.單選題
Formanycountries,beingpartofaglobalsupplychainislikestrikingoil–oilthatmaynever().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.runout
B.workout
C.turnout
D.callout
【答案】A
【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)runout“用完,耗盡”,B項(xiàng)workout“解決,算出”,C項(xiàng)turnout“結(jié)果是”,D項(xiàng)callout表示“喚起,出動(dòng)”。句意:對(duì)于許多國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō),成為全球供應(yīng)鏈的一部分就像開(kāi)采可能永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)用完的石油。因此A項(xiàng)正確。
7.單選題
HostilitytoGypsieshasexistedalmostfromthetimetheyfirstappearedinEuropeinthe14thcentury.TheoriginsoftheGypsies,withlittlewrittenhistory,wereshroudedinmystery.Whatisknownnowfromcluesinthevariousdialectsoftheirlanguage,Romany,isthattheycamefromnorthernIndiatotheMiddleEastathousandyearsago,workingasminstrels(吟游歌手)andmercenaries(雇傭兵),metal-smithsandservants.EuropeansmisnamedthemEgyptians,soonshortenedtoGypsies.Aclan(部落)system,basedmostlyontheirtraditionalcraftsandgeography,hasmadethemadeeplyfragmentedandfractiouspeople,onlyreallyunifyinginthefaceofenmityfromnon-Gypsies,whomtheycallgadje.TodaymanyGypsyactivistsprefertobecalledRoma,whichcomesfromtheRomanywordfor"man".ButonmytravelsamongthemmoststillreferredtothemselvesasGypsies.
InEuropetheirpersecutionbythegadjebeganquickly,withthechurchseeingheresy(異端)intheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviorintheirnomadism(流浪).Atvarioustimestheyhavebeenforbiddentoweartheirdistinctivebrightclothes,tospeaktheirownlanguage,totravel,tomarryoneanother,ortoplytheirtraditionalcrafts.Insomecountriestheywerereducedtoslavery.Itwasn'tuntilthemid-1800sthatGypsyslaveswerefreedinRomania.InmorerecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria,andperhapshalfamillionperishedintheHolocaust(大屠殺).Theirhorseshavebeenshotandthewheelsremovedfromtheirwagons,theirnameshavebeenchanged,theirwomenhavebeensterilized(消除),andtheirchildrenhavebeenforciblygivenforadoptiontonon-Gypsyfamilies.
ButtheGypsieshaveconfoundedpredictionsoftheirdisappearanceasadistinctethnicgroupandtheirnumbershaveburgeoned(迅速成長(zhǎng)).Todaythereareanestimated8to12millionGypsiesscatteredacrossEurope,makingthemthecontinent’slargestminority.Theexactnumberishardtopindown.Gypsieshaveregularlybeenundercounted,bothbyregimesanxioustodownplay(不予重視)theirprofileandbyGypsiesthemselves,seekingtoavoidbureaucracies.Attemptingtoremedypastinequities,activistgroupsmayovercount.HundredsofthousandsmorehaveemigratedtotheAmericasandelsewhere.WithveryfewexceptionsGypsieshaveexpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown—unliketheJews,towhomtheGypsyexperienceisoftencompared.“Romanestan”saidRonaldLee,theCanadianGypsywriter,"iswheremytwofeetstand.”
1.Gypsiesareunitedonlywhenthey(
).
2.InhistoryhostilitytoGypsiesinEuroperesultedintheirpersecutionbyallthefollowingEXCEPT
(
).
3.Accordingtothepassage,themaindifferencebetweentheGypsiesandtheJewsliesintheirconceptsof
(
).
4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthehistoryoftheGypsies?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.areengagedintraditionalcrafts
B.callthemselvesRoma
C.liveunderaclansystem
D.faceexternalthreats
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.theEgyptians
B.thestate
C.thechurch
D.theNazis
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.language
B.culture
C.identity
D.custom
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.TheoriginoftheGypsiescanonlybeguessedfromtheirlanguage.
B.EuropeanshadthoughtthattheGypsiesoriginatedfromEgypt.
C.SomepeoplehadthoughtthattheGypsiesmightdisappearasadistinctnationality.
D.TherewasonceacountryoftheGypsiesinnorthernIndia.
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:A
第3題:C
第4題:D
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的onlyreallyunifyinginthefaceofenmityfromnon-Gypsies(只有在非吉普賽人的威脅面前才能真正團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái))可知D選項(xiàng)“面對(duì)外部威脅”符合題意。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的InEuropetheirpersecutionbythegadjebeganquickly,withthechurchseeingheresyintheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviorintheirnomadism.InmorerecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria,andperhapshalfamillionperishedintheHolocaust.(在歐洲,非吉普賽人對(duì)他們的迫害開(kāi)始得很快,教會(huì)認(rèn)為他們的算命行為是異端邪說(shuō),而政府認(rèn)為他們的游牧生活是反社會(huì)行動(dòng)。在更近的歷史中,吉普賽人被陷入納粹黨歇斯底里的種族迫害中,大約50萬(wàn)人死于大屠殺)可知吉普賽人受到了教堂、政府以及納粹的迫害,因此選A。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的WithveryfewexceptionsGypsieshaveexpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown—unlikeJews(除了極少數(shù)例外,吉普賽人并沒(méi)有表達(dá)出對(duì)一個(gè)國(guó)家的強(qiáng)烈愿望—不像猶太人那樣)可知吉普賽人與猶太人的主要區(qū)別在于對(duì)身份的認(rèn)同,因此選C。
4.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Whatisknownnowfromcluesinthevariousdialectsoftheirlanguage,Romany,isthattheycamefromnorthernIndiatotheMiddleEastathousandyearsago(從他們的語(yǔ)言羅曼語(yǔ)的各種方言中的線索可知,一千年前他們從印度北部來(lái)到中東)可知D選項(xiàng)“印度北部曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)吉普賽人國(guó)家”表示不正確,只能推測(cè)吉普賽人從印度北部而來(lái)。
8.單選題
Hisoriginalityasacomposeris(
)bythefollowinggroupofsongs.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.exemplified
B.created
C.performed
D.realized
【答案】A
【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。exemplify“例證”;create“創(chuàng)造”;perform“執(zhí)行;表演”;realize“意識(shí)到;實(shí)現(xiàn)”。下面的這些歌曲能夠佐證他是一個(gè)原創(chuàng)作曲家。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
9.單選題
Anewlydevelopedrobotthatcanshowitsemotionsbysmilingorfrowningmayonedayhelpcomputeruserstalkasquicklyandeasilytomachine______withotherpeople.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.suchastheynowtalk
B.liketheynowtalk
C.asmuchastheynowdo
D.astheynowdo
【答案】D
【解析】考查比較級(jí)。在as...as...引導(dǎo)的同級(jí)比較中,第一個(gè)as為副詞,第二個(gè)as為連詞其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:as+adj./adv.+as。根據(jù)quicklyandeasily可知選D。句意:一種新開(kāi)發(fā)的機(jī)器人可以通過(guò)微笑或皺眉頭來(lái)表達(dá)自己的情感,也許有一天它能幫助計(jì)算機(jī)用戶像現(xiàn)在一樣快速、方便地與機(jī)器交流。
10.單選題
Thereisaconspicuouslackofpublicdebateabouthowthisinsularcountryshould______therealitythatmoreimmigrantsarecomingandthatthosealreadyherearechangingJapan.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.abideby
B.accountfor
C.acton
D.adjustto
【答案】B
【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)abideby“遵守”;B選項(xiàng)accountfor“解釋?zhuān)粚?duì)……負(fù)責(zé)”;C選項(xiàng)acton“對(duì)……起作用;按照……行事”;D選項(xiàng)adjustto“調(diào)整以適應(yīng)”。句意:對(duì)于這個(gè)與世隔絕的國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō),應(yīng)該如何_______移民越來(lái)越多涌入并且正在改變?nèi)毡具@一現(xiàn)實(shí),明顯缺乏公開(kāi)討論。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,accountfor“解釋?zhuān)粚?duì)……負(fù)責(zé)”搭配reality“現(xiàn)實(shí)”比較合理,意思是解釋為什么越來(lái)越多移民進(jìn)入日本并且改變?nèi)毡镜默F(xiàn)實(shí)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
11.單選題
“WelcometotheU.S.A.!Majorcreditcardsareaccepted!”
Bythemillionstheyarecomingnolongerthetired,thepoor,thewretchedmasseslongingforabetterliving.Thesearethewealthy.“Wedon’thaveabudget,”saysabiologistfromBrazil,asshewalkswithtwocompanionsthroughNewYorkCity’sSouthStreet.“Wejustuseourcreditcards.”
TheUShaslongbeenoneoftheworld’smostpopulartouristdestinations,butthisyearhasbeenexceptional.First,therewastheWorldCup,whichdrewthousandsfromeverycorneroftheglobe;thencametheweakeningoftheUSdollaragainstmajorcurrencies.NowtheUS,stilltheworld’ssuperpower,canalsoclaimtobetheworld’sbargainbasement(廉價(jià)商品部).NobodyundersellsAmericathesedaysonjustabouteverything,fromconsumerelectronicstofashionclothestotennisrackets.Bottomretailpricesanywherefrom30%to70%lowerthanthoseinEuropeandAsiahaveattractedsome47millionvisitors,whoareexpectedtoleavebehind$79billionin1994.That’supfrom$74billiontheyearbefore.
True,noteveryonecomesjustforbargains.ThereremainsanundeniablefascinationintherestoftheworldwithallthingsAmerican,nourishedbyHollywoodfilmsandUStelevisionseries.ButshoppingtheUSAisprovingirresistible.Everyweekthousandsarrivewithemptysuitcasesreadytobefilled;someevenrentanadditionalhotelroomtoholdtheirpurchases.Thebuyingbinge(無(wú)節(jié)制)hasbecomeasimportantaswatchingOldFaithfulFountainseruptinYellowstoneParkorsunbathingonabeachinFlorida.
TheUShascomeatlasttoappreciatewhatothercountrieslearnedlongago:thepouringinofforeigntouristsmaynotalwaysbeconvenient,butitdoesputmoneyinthebank.Andwithatradedeficitatabout$130billionandgrowingforthepast12months,theUSneedsallthedepositsitcanget.ComparedwithAmericantouristsabroad,visitorstotheUSstaylongerandspendmoremoneyateachstop;anaverageof12.2nightand$1624atravelerversustheAmericans’fournightsand$298.
1.FromwhattheBrazilianbiologistsays,weknowthattouristslikeher______.
2.Thereasonwhy1994wasexceptionalisthat______.
3.Bysaying“NobodyundersellsAmerica”(Underlined),theauthormeansthat______.
4.WhydoestheauthorassertthatallthingsAmericanarefascinatingtoforeigners?
5.FromthepassagewecanconcludethattheUShascometorealize______.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.arereluctanttocarrycashwiththem
B.simplydon’tcarehowmuchtheyspend
C.arenotgoodatplanningtheirexpenditure
D.oftenspendmoremoneythantheycanafford
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.itsawanunusuallylargenumberoftouriststotheUS
B.itwitnessedadropinthenumberoftouriststotheUS
C.tourismwashardlyaffectedbytheweakeningoftheUSdollarthatyear
D.touristscametotheUSforsightseeingratherthanforbargainsthatyear
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.noothercountryunderestimatesthecompetitivenessofAmericanproducts
B.nobodyexpectstheAmericanstocutthepricesoftheircommodities
C.nobodyrestrainsthesellingofAmericangoods
D.noothercountrysellsatalowerpricethanAmerica
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.BecausetheyhavegainedmuchpublicitythroughtheAmericanmedia.
B.Becausetheyrepresenttheworld’slatestfashions.
C.Becausetheyembodythemostsophisticatedtechnology.
D.Becausetheyareavailableatalltouristdestinations.
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.theweakeningoftheUSdollarcanresultintradedeficits
B.thelowertheretailprices,thegreaterinprofits
C.tourismcanmakegreatcontributionstoitseconomy
D.visitorstotheUSarewealthierthanUStouristsabroad
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:A
第3題:D
第4題:A
第5題:C
【解析】1.推理判斷題。由原文可以定位到文章第二段最后兩句“Wedon’thaveabudget,”saysabiologistfromBrazil,asshewalkswithtwocompanionsthroughNewYorkCity’sSouthStreet.“Wejustuseourcreditcards.”(“我們沒(méi)有預(yù)算,”一位來(lái)自巴西的生物學(xué)家說(shuō),她和兩個(gè)同伴走在紐約市的南街。“我們只是使用我們的信用卡?!保?,說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在成千上萬(wàn)涌入美國(guó)的有錢(qián)人和那個(gè)巴西生物學(xué)家一樣,根本沒(méi)有預(yù)算,不在意自己花了多少錢(qián)。因此B選項(xiàng)“根本不關(guān)心他們花了多少錢(qián)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“不愿意隨身攜帶現(xiàn)金”,C選項(xiàng)“不善于計(jì)劃自己的支出”,D選項(xiàng)“花費(fèi)的錢(qián)往往超過(guò)他們的承受能力”在文中均沒(méi)有提及,所以A,C,D錯(cuò)誤。
2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第一、二句TheUShaslongbeenoneoftheworld’smostpopulartouristdestinations,butthisyearhasbeenexceptional.First,therewastheWorldCup,whichdrewthousandsfromeverycorneroftheglobe;thencametheweakeningoftheUSdollaragainstmajorcurrencies.(長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),美國(guó)一直是世界上最受歡迎的旅游目的地之一,但今年的情況非同尋常。首先是世界杯,吸引了來(lái)自世界各個(gè)角落的成千上萬(wàn)的人;其次是美元對(duì)其他主要貨幣的匯率走弱。),說(shuō)明1994年不同于往年,其原因是世界杯吸引了大量的游客,美元下跌使在美國(guó)購(gòu)物特別便宜,這吸引了更多的游客。因此A選項(xiàng)“它見(jiàn)證了異常多的游客到美國(guó)來(lái)旅游”正確。B選項(xiàng)“它見(jiàn)證了赴美游客數(shù)量的下降”,C選項(xiàng)“那一年旅游業(yè)幾乎沒(méi)有受到美元貶值的影響”,D選項(xiàng)“那年游客來(lái)美國(guó)是為了觀光,而不是為了降價(jià)商品”均與原文意思相反,所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。
3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第三句N(xiāo)owtheUS,stilltheworld’ssuperpower,canalsoclaimtobetheworld’sbargainbasement.(美國(guó)現(xiàn)在仍是世界上的超級(jí)大國(guó),也可以聲稱(chēng)是世界上的廉價(jià)商品部。),由此可知?jiǎng)澗€句N(xiāo)obodyundersellsAmerica所包含的意思是:沒(méi)有哪個(gè)國(guó)家的物價(jià)水平比美國(guó)更低,后文又提到了美國(guó)的零售底價(jià)比歐洲低30%,比亞洲低70%,更加證明了這一觀點(diǎn)。因此D選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有其他國(guó)家比美國(guó)物價(jià)更低”正確。A選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有其他國(guó)家會(huì)低估美國(guó)產(chǎn)品的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力”,B選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有人期望美國(guó)人削減其商品的價(jià)格”,C選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有人限制美國(guó)商品的銷(xiāo)售”在文中均沒(méi)有提及,所以A,B,C錯(cuò)誤。
4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段第二句ThereremainsanundeniablefascinationintherestoftheworldwithallthingsAmerican,nourishedbyHollywoodfilmsandUStelevisionseries.(在世界其他地方,在好萊塢電影和美國(guó)電視劇的滋養(yǎng)下,人們對(duì)美國(guó)的一切仍然有著不可否認(rèn)的迷戀。),說(shuō)明作者認(rèn)為美國(guó)的一切都讓外國(guó)人著迷的原因是美國(guó)電影電視劇等媒體的影響。因此A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗鼈兺ㄟ^(guò)美國(guó)的媒體獲得了很多宣傳”正確。B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗鼈兇砹耸澜绲淖钚聲r(shí)尚”,C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗鼈凅w現(xiàn)了最先進(jìn)的技術(shù)”,D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)谒械穆糜文康牡囟寄苜I(mǎi)到”在文中均沒(méi)有提及,所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。
5.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段第一句TheUShascomeatlasttoappreciatewhatothercountrieslearnedlongago:thepouringinofforeigntouristsmaynotalwaysbeconvenient,butitdoesputmoneyinthebank.(終于,美國(guó)也意識(shí)到其他國(guó)家早已明白的東西:外國(guó)旅游者的涌入雖然帶來(lái)了不便,可也帶來(lái)了經(jīng)濟(jì)上的實(shí)惠。),說(shuō)明美國(guó)意識(shí)到了旅游業(yè)能為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展做出貢獻(xiàn)。因此C選項(xiàng)“旅游業(yè)可以為其經(jīng)濟(jì)做出巨大貢獻(xiàn)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“美元的疲軟會(huì)導(dǎo)致貿(mào)易赤字”,B選項(xiàng)“零售價(jià)格越低,利潤(rùn)就越大”,D選項(xiàng)“來(lái)美國(guó)的游客比在國(guó)外的美國(guó)游客更富有”在文中均沒(méi)有提及,所以A,B,D錯(cuò)誤。
12.單選題
Shewasdeliriouslastnight,butsheseemsquite(
)thismorning.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.insane
B.lucid
C.patient
D.messy
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)insane“精神失常的,精神錯(cuò)亂的”;B選項(xiàng)lucid“表達(dá)清楚的,頭腦清晰的,清醒的”;C選項(xiàng)patient“有耐心的,能忍耐的”;D選項(xiàng)messy“骯臟的,凌亂的”。由but(表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)可知空格處與前面的delirious(極度亢奮的,精神錯(cuò)亂的)意思相反,因此選B。句意:她昨晚神志不清,但今天早上似乎很清醒。
13.單選題
Bythetimeyouhavecompletedtheessentialtraining,you________exposedtovirtuallyeverynewfeatureofthecourse.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.willhavebeen
B.willbe
C.wouldhavebeen
D.wouldbe
【答案】A
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。A將來(lái)完成時(shí),表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始,并將繼續(xù)完成的動(dòng)作;B一般將來(lái)時(shí),將來(lái)可能發(fā)生的事情;C過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí),表示從過(guò)去觀點(diǎn)看將來(lái)某時(shí)某動(dòng)作已完成;D過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),表示從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。前面是由bythetime引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,且是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句主將從現(xiàn)的原則,所以答案選A。
14.單選題
It’samoderncity,fullof______towerblocks.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.rising
B.ascending
C.soaring
D.heaving
【答案】C
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.rising上升的,新興的B.ascending升(序)的
C.soaring猛增的,高聳的D.heaving(用力)舉起;拖v.
【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)句意“這是一座現(xiàn)代化的城市,到處都是______高樓大廈”可知,空格處修飾的是towerblocks(高樓大廈),soaring可表示“樹(shù)木、建筑等高聳”,所以該題選擇C項(xiàng)。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A項(xiàng)指太陽(yáng)、月亮的上升;
B、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。.
【句意】這是一座現(xiàn)代化的城市,到處都是高聳的高樓大廈。
15.單選題
Therewasonlyasmall(
)inthecity'spopulationoverthelasttenyears.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.intimacy
B.increment
C.immortality
D.incidence
【答案】B
【解析】名詞辨析題。intimacy“親密,親昵行為,隱私”;increment“增量,增加”;immortality“不朽,不滅”;incidence“發(fā)生率,影響”。由句子中“thecity'spopulation該市人口”確定B選項(xiàng)“增加”符合句意,正確。
16.單選題
Thedoctortoldthestudentsthata(n)(
)diseasewasonethatcouldbepassedfromonepersontoanother.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.effective
B.infectious
C.coherent
D.inherent
【答案】B
【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)effective“有效的,起作用的”;B選項(xiàng)infectious“傳染的”;C選項(xiàng)coherent“連貫的,一致的”;D選項(xiàng)inherent“固有的,內(nèi)在的”。
句意:醫(yī)生告訴學(xué)生傳染病是一種可以從一個(gè)人傳染給另一個(gè)人的疾病。infectiousdisease意為“傳染病”,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。
17.單選題
Morethan20yearsafterthemysteriousdisappearanceofhernewly-wedhusband,Rosewasstillhauntedbythe()memoriesoftheirhappydaystogether.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.poisonous
B.passive
C.poignant
D.pessimistic
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)poisonous“有毒的;惡毒的”;B選項(xiàng)passive“被動(dòng)的;消極的”;C選項(xiàng)poignant“深刻的;辛酸的”;D選項(xiàng)pessimistic“悲觀的”。句意:在新婚丈夫神秘失蹤后的二十多年里,羅斯一直沉浸于他們?cè)谝黄鸬目鞓?lè)時(shí)光的……回憶中。時(shí)間已經(jīng)過(guò)去二十多年了,對(duì)一個(gè)人的印象慢慢會(huì)變得不再那么具體生動(dòng),往往只能記住印象最深刻的瞬間。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
18.單選題
EveniffewobserverswouldclassifyChinaasatrulychild-centeredsociety,Chinesecultureundoubtedlyplacesahighvalueontheirchildren.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Eveniffew
B.wouldclassify
C.asatrulychild-centeredsociety
D.ontheirchildren
E.沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤
【答案】D
【解析】代詞誤用。去掉their。句子主語(yǔ)為Chineseculture,根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)推斷their指代的是Chineseculture,顯然不合適。
19.翻譯題
各國(guó)文明的多樣性,是人類(lèi)社會(huì)的基本特征,也是推動(dòng)世界文明進(jìn)步的重要?jiǎng)恿Α.?dāng)今世界擁有60億人口,200多個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū),2500多個(gè)民族,5000多種語(yǔ)言。由于歷史傳統(tǒng)、宗教信仰、文化背景、社會(huì)制度、價(jià)值觀念和發(fā)展程度的不同,各個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)才具有了各自鮮明的特征,整個(gè)人類(lèi)文明也因此而交相輝映、多姿多彩、富有活力。這種文明的多樣性是在歷史長(zhǎng)河中形成的,并將長(zhǎng)期存在下去。我們應(yīng)該尊重和維護(hù)各國(guó)文明的多樣性,而不應(yīng)人為歧視或貶低他國(guó)文明;應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)各種文明在對(duì)話交流中相互借鑒、取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短,而不應(yīng)相互隔絕和相互排斥;應(yīng)該倡導(dǎo)各種文明在相互包容、求同存異中共同發(fā)展,而不應(yīng)強(qiáng)求一律、強(qiáng)加于人。
隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和新科技革命的發(fā)展,國(guó)家間的相互聯(lián)系和相互依存愈益加深,但這并不意味著可以忽視和削弱國(guó)家主權(quán)的地位與作用。必須實(shí)行國(guó)際關(guān)系民主化。不尊重別國(guó)主權(quán),以大欺小,以強(qiáng)凌弱,推行霸權(quán)主義和強(qiáng)權(quán)政治,實(shí)踐證明是行不通的。
Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.
【答案】Thediversityoftheworld’scivilizationsisabasichallmarkofhumansocietyandanimportantdrivingforcethatpropelshumanprogress.Ourworldtodayhasover6billioninhabitantslivinginmorethan200countriesandregions.Theybreakdownintoover2,500ethnicgroupsandspeakmorethan5,000differentlanguages.Becauseofthedifferenceinhistoricaltradition,faithandculture,orsocialsystem,valuesandlevelofdevelopment,thosecountriesorregionsareoftendifferentfromoneanother.Itisthesedifferencesthatmakeourplanetdazzling,colorfulandbustlingwithlife.Suchdiversityisalegacyofhistoryandwillstaywithusintothefuture.Insteadofharboringbiasagainstordeliberatelybelittlingothercivilizations,weshouldgivefullrespecttothediversityofcivilizationsallovertheworld.Insteadofshuttingeachotheroutinmutualexclusion,weshouldencouragedialoguesandexchangesbetweencivilizationssothattheycanlearnfromeachotherinmutualemulation.Insteadofdemandinguniformityandimposingone’swillonothers,weshouldpromotecommondevelopmentofallcivilizationsinthecourseofmutualtoleranceandseekingagreementwhileshelvingdifferences.
Withtheglobalizationofeconomyandtheadvancementinnew,scientificandtechnologicalrevolution,theinterconnectionandinterdependencebetweencountriesaredevelopingindepth,butthisdoesn’tmeanallowingofignoringandweakeningthestatusandroleofanation’ssovereignty.Itisnecessarytohavegreaterdemocracyininternationalrelations.Practiceindicatesthatthedisregardforothercountries’sovereignty,thepracticeofthebigoppressingthesmallandthestrongbullyingtheweakandthepursuanceofhegemonismandpowerpoliticswon’twork.
20.單選題
______he’salreadyheardthenews.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Chancesare
B.Chanceis
C.Opportunitiesare
D.Opportunityis
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定表達(dá)。(the)chancesare+句子,這是一種口語(yǔ)的表達(dá)方法,表示很有可能的意思。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
21.單選題
I'mworriedaboutwashingthatshirtincaseit().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.decreases
B.contracts
C.constringes
D.shrinks
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)decrease“減少”,B項(xiàng)contract“收縮”,C項(xiàng)constringe“使收斂”,D項(xiàng)名詞shrink“縮水”;句意:我不敢洗那件襯衫,怕它會(huì)縮水。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
22.單選題
Itbestowstheabilitytoovercomelaziness,temptationsandnegativehabits,andtocarryoutactions,eveniftheyrequireeffort,areunpleasantandtediousorcontrarytoone’shabit.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.monotonous
B.interesting
C.entertaining
D.equitable
【答案】A
【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)monotonous“單調(diào)的,千篇一律的,因單調(diào)令人厭煩的”;B選項(xiàng)interesting“有趣的,有意思的”;C選項(xiàng)entertaining“令人愉快的,有趣的”;D選項(xiàng)equitable“公平的,公正的”。句意:它賦予人們克服懶惰、誘惑和消極習(xí)慣的能力,并且能夠采取行動(dòng),即使這些行動(dòng)需要付出努力,是令人不快的、乏味的或與自己的習(xí)慣相反的。Tedious“沉悶的;冗長(zhǎng)乏味的”,A選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
23.單選題
Rumorsareeverywhere,spreadingfear,damagingreputations,andturningcalmsituationsinto______ones.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.turbulent
B.tragic
C.vulnerable
D.suspicious
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)turbulent“混亂的”,B項(xiàng)tragic“悲劇的”,C項(xiàng)vulnerable“易受攻擊的”,D項(xiàng)suspicious“可疑的,懷疑的”。根據(jù)句子意思“謠言無(wú)處不在,散布恐懼,損害名譽(yù),把平靜的局面變成……”可知,空格處填入A項(xiàng)符合句意。句意:謠言無(wú)處不在,散布恐懼,損害名譽(yù),使平靜的局面變得動(dòng)蕩不安。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
24.翻譯題
Menliveinsocietynotbecausetheyaremen,butbecausetheyareanimals.Thesocialwayof
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