考研考博-英語-南昌大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南昌大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Fortunetellersaregoodatmaking（

）statementssuchas“Yoursorrowswillchange”.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.philosophical

B.literal

C.ambiguous

D.invalid

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。philosophical意為“哲學(xué)上的”；literal意為“字面的”；ambiguous意為“含糊的，不明確的”；invalid意為“無效的”。

句意：算命先生擅長發(fā)表諸如“你的悲傷會改變”這樣的模糊的陳述。

2.單選題

Wearenot（

）tovetoourownproposals.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.likely

B.possible

C.probable

D.potential

【答案】A

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)likely“很可能的（可能性比較強(qiáng)）”，其主語可以是人；B選項(xiàng)possible“可能的，合理的”，主語一般為it；C選項(xiàng)probable“很可能的；可信的”，一般是這樣用的：itisprobablethat；D選項(xiàng)potential“潛在的，可能的”，一般為：itispotentialtodosth.。句意：我們不可能否定我們自己的提議。句子主語是We，根據(jù)題干可知likely符合句意。

3.單選題

TheartsandCraftmovementintheUnitedStatesareresponsiblefor（）changeinattitudestowardthedecorativearts,thenconsideredtheminororhouseholdarts.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.smashing

B.sleeping

C.sweeping

D.switching

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。smashing“極好的，猛烈的”；sleeping“睡著的”；sweeping“影響廣泛的，規(guī)模大的”；switching“開關(guān)，動詞的-ing形式”。句意：美國的藝術(shù)和工藝運(yùn)動使人們對裝飾藝術(shù)的態(tài)度發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化，它考慮到低層次的藝術(shù)或家庭藝術(shù)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.單選題

TheCarnegieFoundationreportsaysthatmanycollegeshavetriedtobe“allthingstoallpeople”.Indoingso,theyhaveincreasinglycateredtoanarrowmindedcareerismwhilefailingtocultivateaglobalvisionamongtheirstudents.Thecurrentcrisis,itcontends,doesnotderivefromalegitimatedesiretoputlearningtoproductiveends.Theproblemisthatintoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext;skills,ratherthanbeingmeans,havebecomeends.Studentsareofferedavarietyofoptionsandallowedtopicktheirwaytoadegree.Inshort,drivenbycareerism,“thenation’scollegesanduniversitiesaremoresuccessfulinprovidingcredentials（文憑）thaninprovidingaqualityeducationfortheirstudents.“Thereportconcludesthatthespecialchallengeconfrontingtheundergraduatecollegeisoneofshapinganintegratedcoreofcommonlearning.Suchacorewouldintroducestudentstoessentialknowledge,toconnectionsacrossthedisciplines,andintheend,toapplicationofknowledgetolifebeyondthecampus.’’

Althoughthekeytoagoodcollegeisahigh-qualityfaculty,theCarnegiestudyfoundthatmostcollegesdoverylittletoencouragegoodteaching.Infact,theydomuchtoundermineit.Asoneprofessorobserved:“Teachingisimportant,wearetold,andyetfacultyknowthatresearchandpublicationmattermost.”Notsurprisingly,overthelasttwentyyearscollegesanduniversitieshavefailedtograduatehalfoftheirfour-yeardegreecandidates.Facultymemberswhodedicatedthemselvestoteachingsoondiscoverthattheywillnotbegrantedtenure（終身任期），promotion,orsubstantialsalaryincreases.Yet70percentofallfacultiessaytheirinterestsliemoreinteachingthaninresearch.Additionally,afrequentcomplaintamongyoungscholarsisthat“Thereispressuretopublish,althoughthereisvirtuallynointerestamongadministratorsorcolleaguesinthecontentofthepublications.”

1.Whenacollegetriestobe“allthingstoallpeople”（Line1，Para.1）itaimsto_______.

2.Bysayingthat“intoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext”（Lines4-5,Pare.1）theauthormeansthattheteachingintheseareas_______.

3.OneofthereasonsforthecurrentcrisisinAmericancollegesanduniversitiesisthat______.

4.Americancollegesanduniversitiesfailedtograduatehalfoftheirfour-yeardegreecandidatesbecause____.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethathigh-qualitycollegeeducationcallsfor______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.satisfytheneedsofallkindsofstudentssimultaneously

B.focusontrainingstudentsinvariousskills

C.encouragestudentstotakeasmanycoursesaspossible

D.makelearningserveacademicratherthanproductiveends

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ignorestheactualsituation

B.isnotbasedontherightperspective

C.onlyfocusesonanintegratedcoreofcommonlearning

D.givesprioritytothecultivationofaglobalvisionamongstudents

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.anarrowvocationalismhascometodominatemanycolleges

B.studentsdon’thaveenoughfreedominchoosingwhattheywanttolearn

C.skillsarebeingtaughtasameanstoanend

D.studentsareonlyinterestedinobtainingcredentials

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.mostofthemlackhigh-qualityfaculties

B.theinterestsofmostfacultymemberslieinresearch

C.therearenotenoughincentivesforstudentstostudyhard

D.theyattachgreaterimportancetoresearchandpublicationthantoteaching

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.puttingacademicworkinthepropercontext

B.acommitmenttostudentsandeffectiveteaching

C.thepracticeofputtinglearningtoproductiveends

D.dedicationtoresearchinfrontierareasofknowledge

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理題。根據(jù)文章第一段第四句，“Theproblemisthatintoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext”,可知問題是給學(xué)生們提供了太多的學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域，也就是太多的專業(yè)課程可以選擇。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Theproblemisthatintoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext;skills,ratherthanbeingmeans,havebecomeends.”，這種教育涉及了很多專業(yè)領(lǐng)域，但是沒有內(nèi)容，技能沒有變成方法，而是成為一種目的，所以這種教育的角度是錯誤的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“…theyhaveincreasinglycateredtoanarrowmindedcareerismwhilefailingtocultivateaglobalvisionamongtheirstudents.”，可知美國大學(xué)當(dāng)前面臨危機(jī)的原因是越來越迎合狹隘的事業(yè)心，沒有培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的全球視野。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“…yetfacultyknowthatresearchandpublicationmattermost.”，可知他們認(rèn)為研究和出版是最重要的事。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“…Suchacorewouldintroducestudentstoessentialknowledge,toconnectionsacrossthedisciplines,andintheend,toapplicationofknowledgetolifebeyondthecampus.”，可知教學(xué)生們基本知識，產(chǎn)生跨學(xué)科聯(lián)系，并且將知識應(yīng)用于學(xué)校之外的生活是他們承諾努力的方面。根據(jù)第二段第一句，“Althoughthekeytoagoodcollegeisahigh-qualityfaculty,theCarnegiestudyfoundthatmostcollegesdoverylittletoencouragegoodteaching.”，可知高素質(zhì)的教師和好的教學(xué)也是他們關(guān)注的方面。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.單選題

Theymanagedto（）thesoundonTVeverytimetheallegedvictim'snamewasspoken.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deaden

B.deprive

C.punctuate

D.rebuff

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。deaden“使減弱，隔阻”；deprive“剝奪，使喪失”；punctuate“加標(biāo)點(diǎn)于”；rebuff“回絕”。句意：每次說到受害者名字時(shí)，他們設(shè)法把電視機(jī)聲音調(diào)小。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

Tosurvive,psychologicallyaswellasphysically,humanbeingmustinhabitaworldthatisrelativelyfreeofambiguityandreasonablypredictable.Somesortofstructuremustbeplacedupontheendlessprofusionofincomingsignals.Theinfant,bornintoaworldofflashing,hissing,movingimages,soonlearnstoadaptbyresolvingthischaosintotoysandtables,dogsandparents.Evenadultswhohavehadtheirvisionorhearingrestoredthroughsurgerydescribetheworldasafrighteningandsometimesunbearableexperience;onlyafterdaysofeffortaretheyabletotransformblurandnoiseintomeaningfulandthereforemanageableexperiences.

Itiscommonplacetotalkasiftheworld"has"meaning,toaskwhat"is"themeaningofaphrase,agesture,apainting,acontract.Yetwhenthoughtabout,itisclearthateventsaredevoidofmeaninguntilsomeoneassignsittothem.Thereisnoappropriateresponsetoaboworahandshake,ashoutorawhisper,untilitisinterpreted.Adropofwaterandthecolorredhavenomeaning,theysimplyexist.Theaimofhumanperceptionistomaketheworldintelligiblesothatitcanbemanagedsuccessfully;theattributionofmeaningisaprerequisitetoandpreparationforaction.

Peopleareneverpassivereceivers,merelyabsorbingeventsofobvioussignificance,butareactiveinassigningmeaningtosensation.Whatanyeventacquiredinthewayofmeaningappearstoreflectatransactionbetweenwhatistheretobeseenorheard,andwhattheinterpreterbringstoitinthewayofpastexperienceandprevailingmotive.Thustheattributionofmeaningisalwaysacreativeprocessbywhichtherawdataofsensationaretransformedtofittheaimsoftheobserver.

Thediversityofreactionsthatcanbetriggeredbyasingleexperience-meetingastranger,negotiatingacontract,attendingatextileconferenceisimmense.Eachobserverisforcedtoseeitthroughhisowneyes,interpretitinthelightofhisownvalues,fitittotherequirementsofhisowncircumstances.Asaconsequence,everyobjectandmessageisseenbyeveryobserverfromasomewhatdifferentperspective.Eachpersonwillnotesomefeaturesandneglectothers.EachwillacceptsonicrelationsamongthefactsanddenyothersEachwillarriveatsomeconclusion,tentativeorcertain,asthesoundsandformsresolveintoa"temple"or"barn",a"compliment"or"insult".

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat（

）.

2.Inordertoassignmeaningtoanythingintheworld,oneneedsto

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

4.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthisarticleisto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theworldisbewilderingtotheinfantandtotheadultalike.

B.surgerywillrestoreameaningfulworldtothosewhoundertakeit

C.anyresponsetotheworldwouldbeimpossibleifmeaningwerenotfirstassignedtoit

D.theworldwillbedevoidofmeaningifpeoplefailtounderstandthespecialincomingsignals

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.haveafullknowledgeofthestructureoftheworld

B.transformtheincomingsignals,withthehelpofpreviousexperiences,sothattheycanserveone'sownpurpose

C.differentiateincomingsignalsthatareofsignificanceandthosethatarenot

D.beendowedwithcreativeness

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Onlyvisualimagescanbeassignedmeaning

B.Incomingsignalsexistforthepurposeofconveyingmeaningtopeople

C.Anindividualmighthavetoadapthimselftothediversifiedexperienceinthisworld

D.Peoplemayhavedifferentresponsestothesameincomingsignal.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.illustratethedifferentperspectivespeoplemaytakeininterpretinganexperience

B.showthatmeaningisbutasubjectivematter

C.demonstratehowwecanassignmeaningtotheworld

D.arguethatoneneedstohavesomeinsighttounderstandtheworld

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由第二段最后一句“Theaimofhumanperceptionistomaketheworldintelligiblesothatitcanbemanagedsuccessfully;theattributionofmeaningisaprerequisitetoandpreparationforaction.人類感知的目的是使世界變得可理解，以便成功地管理世界;意義的歸屬是行動的前提和準(zhǔn)備?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)“如果世界沒有提前被賦予具體意義，那么對于世界的任何反應(yīng)都是不可能的”正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段可知“whattheinterpreterbringstoitinthewayofpastexperienceandprevailingmotive.Thustheattributionofmeaningisalwaysacreativeprocessbywhichtherawdataofsensationaretransformedtofittheaimsoftheobserver.這是解釋者根據(jù)過去的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和普遍的動機(jī)而得出的結(jié)論。因此，意義的歸屬始終是一個(gè)創(chuàng)造性的過程，通過這個(gè)過程，原始的感覺被轉(zhuǎn)化為符合觀察者的目標(biāo)。”答案B

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第四段“everyobjectandmessageisseenbyeveryobserverfromasomewhatdifferentperspective.Eachpersonwillnotesomefeaturesandneglectothers.每個(gè)觀察者從不同的角度來看待每一個(gè)對象和信息。每個(gè)人都會注意到一些特征而忽略其他的?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)正確，答案D

第4題:主旨大意題。文章第一段就提到，世界必須被賦予具體的意義。以及第四段“everyobjectandmessageisseenbyeveryobserverfromasomewhatdifferentperspective.Eachpersonwillnotesomefeaturesandneglectothers.人們看待事物的視角和觀點(diǎn)不同，那么賦予事物的含義也會不同?！笨芍恼伦髡叩膶懽髂康氖潜砻魇挛锏暮x都是人賦予的，是主觀的東西。答案B

7.單選題

6.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hehurthisuncle.

B.Hehurthisankle.

C.Hehasaswollentoe.

D.Heneedsaminorsurgery.

【答案】B

【解析】W:Whereisyourinjury?

M:Here,myankle.

W:Howdidithappen?

M:Itrippedoveronthepavementandtwistedit.Itwasswollenandverypainful.

Q:Whatistrueabouttheman?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。男士說：Here,myankle，即他傷到了腳踝。

8.單選題

Youshouldknowbetterthan（

）yourlittlesisterathomebyherself.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.toleave

B.leaving

C.tohaveleft

D.left

【答案】A

【解析】句意:你應(yīng)該很清楚不應(yīng)該把你妹妹一個(gè)人留在家里。

固定搭配。knowbetterthantodosth.很清楚不應(yīng)該做……。

9.單選題

Hedisplayedacompletelackofcourtesyandtactindealingwithhisemployer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tenacity

B.curiosity

C.civility

D.hostility

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)tenacity“固執(zhí)”；B選項(xiàng)curiosity“好奇”；C選項(xiàng)civility“禮貌”；D選項(xiàng)hostility“敵意”。句意：他與老板打交道時(shí)，他的言行完全缺乏禮貌，一點(diǎn)都不機(jī)智圓滑。C選項(xiàng)civility“禮貌”符合與老板交流的場景，和courtesy“禮貌”同義，符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Theimportanceandfocusoftheinterviewintheworkoftheprintandbroadcastjournalistisreflectedinseveralbooksthathavebeenwrittenonthetopic.Mostofthesebooks,aswellasseveralchapters,mainlyin,butnotlimitedto,journalismandbroadcastinghandbooksandreportingtexts,stressthe"howto"aspectsofjournalisticinterviewingratherthantheconceptualaspectsoftheinterview,itscontext,andimplications.Muchofthe"howto"materialisbasedonpersonalexperiencesandgeneralimpressions.Asweknow,injournalism,asinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.

Thereis,ashasbeensuggested,agrowingbodyofresearchliteratureinjournalismandbroadcasting,butverylittlesignificantattentionhasbeendevotedtothestudyoftheinterviewitself.Ontheotherhand,manygeneraltextsaswellasnumerousresearcharticlesoninterviewinginfieldsotherthanjournalismhavebeenwritten.Manyofthesebooksandarticlespresentthetheoreticalandempiricalaspectsoftheinterviewaswellasthetrainingoftheinterviewers.Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.Thefactthatthegeneralliteratureoninterviewingdoesnotdealwiththejournalisticinterviewseemstobesurprisingfortworeasons.First,itseemslikelythatmostpeopleinmodernWesternsocietiesaremorefamiliar,atleastinapositivemanner,withjournalisticinterviewingthanwithanyotherformofinterviewing.Mostofusareprobablysomewhatfamiliarwiththeclinicalinterview,suchasthatconductedbyphysiciansandpsychologists.Inthesesituationstheprofessionalpersonorinterviewerisinterestedingettinginformationnecessaryforthediagnosis（診斷）andtreatmentofthepersonseekinghelp.

Anotherfamiliarsituationisthejobinterview.However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelevision.Andyet,wehaveavividacquaintancewiththejournalisticinterviewbyvirtueofourrolesasreaders,listeners,andviewers.Evenso,trueunderstandingofthejournalisticinterview,especiallytelevisioninterviews,requiresthoughtfulanalysesandevenstudy,asthisbookindicates.

1.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthat（

）.

2.Muchhasbeendoneoninterviewsingeneral

（

）.

3.Westernersarefamiliarwiththejournalisticinterview,

（

）.

4.Thepassageismostlikelyapartof（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.generalizedprinciplesforjournalisticinterviewsarethechiefconcernforwritersofjournalism

B.importanceshouldbeattachedtothesystematicstudyofjournalisticinterviewing

C.conceptsandcontextualimplicationsareofsecondaryimportanceinjournalisticinterviewing

D.personalexperiencesandgeneralimpressionsshouldbeexcludedfromjournalisticinterviews

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.sothetrainingofjournalisticinterviewershaslikewisebeenstrengthened

B.thoughthestudyoftheinterviewingtechniqueshasn’treceivedmuchattention

C.butjournalisticinterviewingasaspecificfieldhasunfortunatelybeenneglected

D.andtherehasalsobeenadramaticgrowthinthestudyofjournalisticinterviewing

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.butmostofthemwishtostayawayfromit

B.andmanyofthemhopetobeinterviewedsomeday

C.andmanyofthemwouldliketoacquireatrueunderstandingofit

D.butmostofthemmaynothavebeeninterviewedinperson

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.anewsarticle

B.aresearchreport

C.ajournalisticinterview

D.apreface

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。由第一段“Asweknow,injournalism,asinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.正如我們所知，在新聞業(yè)和其他領(lǐng)域一樣，我們可以從專業(yè)實(shí)踐的系統(tǒng)研究中學(xué)到很多東西。這樣的研究收集了一些證據(jù)，從中可以發(fā)展出廣泛而普遍的原則。”可知第一段主要說明應(yīng)該將重點(diǎn)放在專業(yè)實(shí)踐的研究上。答案B

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段中“Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.遺憾的是，關(guān)于采訪的大量文獻(xiàn)很少關(guān)注新聞采訪”可知C項(xiàng)“新聞采訪作為一個(gè)特殊的領(lǐng)域被忽視了”正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由最后一段中“However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelevision.然而，實(shí)際上很少有人已當(dāng)面被大眾媒體，特別是被電視采訪”。可知D項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:推理判斷題。由最后一句asthisbookindicates可知文章有可能是一本書的序言。答案D

11.單選題

Packagesaresowidespreadthattheyslip________consciousnotice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.below

B.before

C.beneath

D.beyond

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.below在……下面B.before在……之前

C.beneath低于，次于D.beyond超過，超越

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】本句的主干部分是“包裝很普遍（Packagesarewidespread）”，sothat引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語從句，表示包裝如此普遍導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果是什么。既然是很普遍、常見的包裝，那么人們就不會注意到它。beneathnotice是固定搭配，意為“不值得注意，無足輕重”，因此C選項(xiàng)beneath“低于，次于”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)below“在……下面”指低于某事物的水平或地位，B選項(xiàng)before“在……之前”指處于某事物前面的位置，D選項(xiàng)beyond“超過，超越”指對某事物來說太遠(yuǎn)或太超前，均不能構(gòu)成相應(yīng)的固定搭配。

【句意】包裝是如此普遍，以至于它們不會被人們所注意。

12.單選題

The（

）windinthisareaisfromthenortheast.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prevailing

B.controlling

C.reigning

D.persisting

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)prevailing“盛行的，流行的”；B選項(xiàng)controlling“控制欲強(qiáng)的”；C選項(xiàng)reigning“統(tǒng)治的”；D選項(xiàng)persisting“堅(jiān)持”。句意：這個(gè)地區(qū)盛行的風(fēng)來自東北方向。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

13.單選題

Nutritionalstatusaffectschildren’sbehavior.Well-nourishedchildrenaremorealertandattentiveandarebetterabletobenefitfromphysicalandlearningexperience.Poorlynourishedchildrenmaybequietandwithdrawn,ortooactiveduringclassactivities.Fatchildrenalsofacemanyproblems.Theyareoftenslowandlessabletoparticipateinphysicalactivity.Theymaysufferfrombeinglaughedatandemotionalstressbybeingexcludedfromplaymates.

Children’sresistancetoinfectionandillnessisalsodefinitelyinfluencedbytheirnutritionalstatus.Childrenwhoarewellnourishedarelesslikelytobecomeill;theyalsorecovermorequicklywhentheyaresick.Poorlynourishedchildrenaremoresensitivetoinfectionsandillness.Illnessalsoincreasestheneedforsomenutrients.Thuspoornutritioncreatesacycleofillness,poorernutritionalstatus,andloweredresistancetoillness.

Malnutritionisaseriousproblemformanyyoungchildrenbutitisnotalwaysassociatedwithpovertyorapoorenvironment.Childrenofmiddleandupperincomefamiliesmayalsobemalnourishedbecauseofunwisefoodselections.Malnutritionoccurswhenthereisprolongedimbalanceofthenutrientsthatarerequiredandthenutrientsthatareactuallyeaten.Malnutritionmaybetheresultofundernutritionorover-nutrition.

Itisimportantthatbothoftheseconditionsbeavoidedinyoungchild.Anadequateintakeofallrequirednutrientsismostvitalduringearlyperiodsofgrowthanddevelopment.Also,theeffectsofnutritionaldeficiencyonphysicaldevelopmentduringearlychildhoodarelesslikelytobechangedbyimproveddietaryintakelater.

1.Well-nourishedchildrentendtodoallthefollowingbut______.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

3.Malnutritionmaybecausedby______.

4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat______.

5.Theword“withdrawn”inLine3ofPara1means______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beattentivewhilelearning

B.betooactiveinclass

C.benefitfromphysicalactivity

D.behaveveryproperly

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Children’sresistancetoillnessisdirectlyproportionaltotheirpoornutritionalstatus.

B.Thewell-nourishedtendtorecoverquicklywhentheyareill.

C.Thepoorly-nourishedaremostlikelytobethevictimsofanyinfectiousdisease.

D.Thecycleindicatesthatillnesscanturnthepoornutritionalconditionfortheworse.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.adeprivedenvironment

B.unwisefoodselections

C.undernutrition

D.alloftheabove

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.overnutritionisevenharmfulthanundernutrition

B.malnutritionhasseriouseffectsonchild’sphysicaldevelopment

C.thenutritionalconditionofayoungchilddeservesmoreconcernthanthatofanadult

D.thenutrientsintakecanbeimprovedasthechildgrowsup

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.isolated

B.reserve

C.selfish

D.stubborn

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Well-nourished”可以定位到文章第一段第二句Well-nourishedchildrenaremorealertandattentiveandarebetterabletobenefitfromphysicalandlearningexperience.（營養(yǎng)良好的兒童更警覺、更專心，更能從體育活動和學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)中受益。），所以A選項(xiàng)“在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)專心致志”，C選項(xiàng)“從體育活動中受益”，D選項(xiàng)“行為端正”均符合營養(yǎng)良好兒童的特點(diǎn)，排除A，C，D。B選項(xiàng)“在課堂上過于活躍”，由第一段第三句Poorlynourishedchildrenmaybequietandwithdrawn,ortooactiveduringclassactivities.（營養(yǎng)不良的孩子可能會安靜、孤僻，或者在課堂活動中過于活躍。）可知，這是營養(yǎng)不良孩子的特點(diǎn)，因此本題選B。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由A選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“resistancetoillness”可以定位到文章第二段第五句Thuspoornutritioncreatesacycleofillness,poorernutritionalstatus,andloweredresistancetoillness.（因此，營養(yǎng)不良造成了疾病的循環(huán)，營養(yǎng)狀況越差，抗病能力越低。），說明營養(yǎng)狀況越差的兒童，對疾病的抵抗力也越低。因此A選項(xiàng)“兒童對疾病的抵抗力與其不良的營養(yǎng)狀況成正比”與原文的表述不符，本題選A。B選項(xiàng)“營養(yǎng)好的人生病后往往恢復(fù)得很快”，C選項(xiàng)“營養(yǎng)不良的人最容易成為傳染病的受害者”，D選項(xiàng)“循環(huán)表明，疾病會使?fàn)I養(yǎng)不良的狀況惡化”均與原文的意思相符，所以排除B，C，D。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第三段Malnutritionisaseriousproblemformanyyoungchildrenbutitisnotalwaysassociatedwithpovertyorapoorenvironment.Childrenofmiddleandupperincomefamiliesmayalsobemalnourishedbecauseofunwisefoodselections…Malnutritionmaybetheresultofundernutritionorover-nutrition.（營養(yǎng)不良對許多兒童來說是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問題，但它并不總是與貧窮或惡劣的環(huán)境有關(guān)。中高收入家庭的孩子也可能因?yàn)椴幻髦堑氖澄镞x擇而營養(yǎng)不良……營養(yǎng)不良可能是營養(yǎng)不足或營養(yǎng)過剩的結(jié)果。），說明營養(yǎng)不良的原因有惡劣的環(huán)境、不明智的食物選擇、營養(yǎng)不足、營養(yǎng)過剩。A選項(xiàng)“惡劣的環(huán)境”，B選項(xiàng)“不明智的食物選擇”，C選項(xiàng)“營養(yǎng)不足”都是導(dǎo)致營養(yǎng)不良的原因之一，所以D選項(xiàng)“以上都是”正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章介紹了兒童營養(yǎng)不良造成的危害和導(dǎo)致兒童營養(yǎng)不良的原因，但是C選項(xiàng)所說“兒童的營養(yǎng)狀況比成人的營養(yǎng)狀況更值得關(guān)注”無法從本文得出，本文并未對比兩種狀況哪一種更值得關(guān)注，C選項(xiàng)首先可排除。A選項(xiàng)“營養(yǎng)過剩比營養(yǎng)不足更有害”，由原文第三段最后一句“Malnutritionmaybetheresultofundernutritionorover-nutrition”可知，營養(yǎng)過剩和營養(yǎng)不足都是造成營養(yǎng)不良的原因，它們同樣有嚴(yán)重的危害，所以A錯誤。D選項(xiàng)“隨著孩子的成長，營養(yǎng)素的攝入量可以得到改善”，由原文可知，早期兒童營養(yǎng)缺乏對身體發(fā)育的影響不太可能因以后改善飲食攝入而改變，所以D錯誤。B選項(xiàng)“營養(yǎng)不良對兒童的身體發(fā)育有嚴(yán)重影響”，由原文最后一段可知，Anadequateintakeofallrequirednutrientsismostvitalduringearlyperiodsofgrowthanddevelopment“在生長和發(fā)育的早期階段，充分?jǐn)z取所有必需營養(yǎng)素是最重要的”，也就是要保證發(fā)育期的營養(yǎng)攝入，可反推出“營養(yǎng)不良對兒童的身體發(fā)育有嚴(yán)重影響”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】詞義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“withdrawn”可以定位到文章第一段第三句Poorlynourishedchildrenmaybequietandwithdrawn,ortooactiveduringclassactivities.（營養(yǎng)不良的孩子可能會安靜、孤僻，或者在課堂活動中過于活躍。），說明“withdrawn”在文中是形容兒童的性格，意思應(yīng)該是和“安靜”對應(yīng)的“孤僻的、沉默寡言的”。因此A選項(xiàng)isolated“孤獨(dú)的”正確。B選項(xiàng)reserve“儲備”，C選項(xiàng)“自私的”，D選項(xiàng)“頑固的”均不符合題意，所以B，C，D錯誤。

14.單選題

Onceuponatime,theemblematicjazzsingerwasanAfrican-Americanwoman,serenadingasmoke-filledroom.ThinkBillieHolidayandEllaFitzgerald.Today,atalentedcropofcosmopolitanyoungsingersarecreatinganewbreedofjazzvocalist:theglobalizedchanteuse.Theycomefrommulticulturalbackgrounds,liveallovertheworld,andareinfusingthetraditionalAmericansoundwithnewenergy.Taketoday’srisingstar,26-year-oldSophieMilman.BorninRussia,shefledwithherfamilytoIsraelattheageof7,thensettledinCanadaat16.NowshesellsouttheBlueNotejazzclubinTokyo.Herrootsandherreachareglobal.Inlooksandlanguage,shecouldn’tbefurtherfromthepioneerswhocamemorethanahalfcenturybefore.

YetMilmanandotherslikeherareredefiningjazzbydrawingontheAmericansongbook.InhisbookTheJazzSingers,ScottYannowarguesthatamong21st-centuryjazzvocalists,only“afewmanagetoreinveststandardsinnewways,”whichisexactlywhatthisnewclassisdoingsowell.Milman—who’sfluentinFrench,English,Russian,andHebrew—singsColePorter’s“LoveforSale”inaclear,valiantaltothatboomsdownlowandreacheseffortlesslyuphigh.ElisabethKontomanou,whoisGreekandGuinean,insistsonknowingtheAfrican-Americanrootsofthemusicsheplays.“Jazzisinnovation,butwithallthecultureandtheunderstandingofwhathasalreadybeendone,”shesays.“Ifyoudon’tlookatthat,yougetatasteless,odorless,andcolorlessmusic.”O(jiān)nherlastCD,Brewin’theBlues,shefollowsherownrulesbyrevisitinglessfamoussongsbyjazzicons,suchasBillieHoliday’s“TellMeMoreandMore(andThenSome).”

Languagehasprovednobarriertothesewomen,allsinginEnglish.VirginieTeychenecomesfromthesouthofFrancebutlearnedEnglishwithherfather,whousedtoshowAmericanMarinestheFrenchwayoflife.“Frenchdoesn’tlenditselftojazz,”shesays.“Wordscanoftenfallflat,asitishardtosinginFrenchonrhythm.”Teychene,whowasnameda“newrevelation”atFrance’sJuan-les-Pinsjazzfestivallastyear,coverssongslike“TakeATrain”inherpure,lowvoice.BornandraisedinTurin,theItalianchanteuseRobertaGambarinirecordedSwedishfolksongsearlyinhercareerbuthaslatelyturnedtotheromanticeraofAmericanjazz.Hernewrecord,“SoinLove”,revolvesaroundsweetrenditionsoftuneslike“ThatOldBlackMagic”—asongSarahVaughanmadefamousinthe40s.“ThebulkofgoodsongsthatallowyoutoimprovisehappentolargelybepartoftheGreatAmericanSongbook,”shesays.

That’snottosaythatthesevocalistsaren’tpushingboundaries.EsperanzaSpalding,whowasborntoaWelsh-Hispanic-NativeAmericanmotherandablackfatherandraisedintheStates,singsinEnglish,Spanish,andPortuguese.Whenrecordingthe1930sstandard“BodyandSoul”,sherenamedit“CuerpoyAlma”,andpulledoffafierySpanishrendition.“Youalwayscreatesomethingnewevenwhenyouusevocabularyfromthepast.”shesays.

Ultimately,thisreturntotherootsofjazzhastodowithauthenticityandaccessibility.“Ilikewhenpeoplecometoseemeattheendofaconcert,surprisedthatthisisactuallyjazzandthattheycanenjoyitwithoutreallyknowingtheculture,”saysTeychene.Yetifaskedwherethewindingroadoffamestarts,thesesingersgiveatraditionalanswer.“IfyoulivedeepintheheartofChinaandyouwanttobeajazzmusician,youstillhavetogotoNewYorkorNewOrleansandplayjazz,”saysKontomanou.Thenyoumovetoanothercountryandshareitwiththeworld.

21.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutSophieMilman?

22.Whatdothenewjazzsingershaveincommon?

23.ItcanbeinferredthatScottYanow’sattitudetowardsthenewjazzsingersis________.

24.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysayingthatthosenewjazzsingersare“pushingboundaries”(Paragraph4)?

25.Accordingtothelastparagraph,thosepopularnewjazzsingersattributetheirsuccessto________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Shehasmulticulturalbackgrounds.

B.Sheisanemblematicjazzsinger.

C.ShelovesthemusicofBillieHolidayandEllaFitzgerald.

D.Shecreatesthenewjazzsinger.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.TheyallcomefromEurope.

B.Theyresemblethepioneersofjazzmusicinlooksandlanguage.

C.Theyallbringsomethingnewtojazzmusic.

D.Theydon’tlikesinginlanguagesotherthanEnglish.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.critical

B.positive

C.neutral

D.negative

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theysometimesdon’tsticktothetraditionalrenderingofjazzmusic.

B.Theydonotalwa