考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南昌工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南昌工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

What,canrigid,coldcalculatingmathematicspossiblyhaveincommonwithsubtle,creative,lofty,imaginativeart?Thisquestionfaithfullymirrorsthestateofmindofmostpeople,evenofmosteducatedpeople,whentheyregardthenumbersandsymbolsthatpopulatetheworldofmathematics.Butthegreatleadersofmathematicsthoughthavefrequentlyandrepeatedlyassertedthattheobjectoftheirpursuitisjustasmuchanartasitisascience,andperhapsevenafineart.MaximeBocher,andeminentmathematicianlivingatthebeginningofthiscentury,wrote:“Iliketolookatmathematicsalmostmoreasanartthanasascience;fortheactivityofthemathematician,constantlycreatingasheis,guidedalthoughnotcontrolledbytheexternalworldofthesenses,bearsaresemblance,notfanciful,Ibelieve,butreal,totheactivitiesoftheartist—ofapainter,letussay.Rigorousdeductivereasoningonthepartofthemathematicianmaybelikenedheretothetechnicalskillindrawingonthepartofthepainter.Justasonecannotbecomeapainterwithoutacertainamountofskill,sonoonecanbecomeamathematicianwithoutthepowertoreasonaccuratelyuptoacertainpoint.”Yetthesequalities,fundamentalthoughtheyare,donotmakeapainteroramathematicianworthyofthename,norindeedaretheythemostimportantfactorsinthecase.Otherqualitiesofafarmoresubtlesort,chiefamongwhichinbothcasesisimagination,gointothemakingofagoodartistoragoodmathematician.

Ifmathematicswantstolayclaimtobeinganart,however,itmostshowthatitpossessesandmakesuseofatleastsomeoftheelementsthatgotomakeupthethingsofbeauty.Isnotimagination,creativeimagination,themostessentialelementsofanart?Letustakeageometricobject,suchasthecircle.Totheordinaryman,thisistherimofawheel,perhapswithspokesinit.Elementarygeometryhascrowdedthissimplefigurewithradii,chords,sectors,tangents,diameters,inscribedandcircumscribedpolygons,andsoon.

Hereyouhavealreadyanentiregeometricalworldcreatedfromaveryrudimentarybeginning.Theseandothermiraclesareundeniableproofofthecreativepowerofthemathematician;and,asifthiswerenotenough,themathematicianallowsthewholecircleto“vanish”,declaresittobeimaginary,thenkeepsontoyingwithhisnewcreationinmuchthesamewayandwithmuchthesamegustoashedidwiththeinnocentlittlethingyouallowedhimtostartoutwith.Andallthis,rememberplease,isjustelementaryplanegeometry.Truly,thecreativeimaginationdisplayedbythemathematicianhasnowherebeenexceeded,notevenparalleled,and,Iwouldmakeboldtosay,nowevencloselyapproachedanywhereelse,nmanywaysmathematicsexhibitsthesameelementsofbeautythataregenerallyacknowledgedtobetheessenceofpoetry.Firstletusconsideraminorpoint:thepoetarrangeshiswritingsonthepageinverses.Hispoemfirstappealstotheeyebeforeitreachestheearorthemind;andsimilarly,themathematicianlinesuphisformulasandequationssothattheirformmaymakeanaestheticimpression.Somemathematiciansaregiventothisloveofarrangingandexhibitingtheirequationstoadegreethatbordersonafault.Trigonometry,abranchofelementarymathematicsparticularlyrichinformulas,offerssomecuriousgroupsofthem,curiousintheirsymmetryandtheirarrangement.

Thesuperiorityofpoetryoverotherformsofverbalexpressionliesfirstinthesymbolismusedinpoetry,andsecondlyinitsextremecondensationandeconomyofwords.Takeapoemofuniversallyacknowledgedmerit,say,Shelley’spoem“ToNight”.Hereisthesecondstanza:Wrapthyforminamantlegray,star-inwrought!BlindwiththinehairtheeyesofDay;Kissheruntilshebeweariedout;Thenwandero’ercity,andsea,andland.Touchingallwiththineopiatewand—Come,long-sought!

Takenliterally,allthisis,ofcourse,sheernonsenseandnothingelse.Nighthasnohair,nightdoesnotwearanyclothes,andnightisnotanillicitpeddlerofnarcotics.Butisthereanybodybalmyenoughtotakethewordsofthepoetliterally?Thewordshereareonlycomparisons,onlysymbols.Forthesakeofcondensationthepoetdoesn’tbotherstatingthathissymbolsmeansuchandsuch,butgoesontotreatthemasiftheywererealities.

Themathematiciandoesthesethingspreciselyasthepoetdoes.Takenumbersforexample,theveryideaofwhichisanabstraction,orsymbol.Whenyouwritethefigure3,youhavecreatedasymbolforasymbol,andwhenyousayinalgebrathatisanumber,youhavecondensedallthesymbolsforallthenumbersintooneall-embracingsymbol.These,likeothermathematicalsymbols,andlikethepoetssymbols,areacondensed,concentratedwayofstatingalongandrathercomplicatedchainofsimplegeometrical,algebraic,ornumericalrelations.Now,ismathematicsanart?

1.Thesimilaritybetweentheactivitiesofmathematiciansandthoseofartistsis（）.

2.InMaximeBocher’sopinion,whatisthefundamentalelementthatmakesagoodartistormathematician?

3.Inwhatwaydomathematiciansexhibitthesameelementsofbeautyaspoet?

4.Poetryissuperiortootherformsofexpressionforits（）.

5.Justlikepoets,mathematiciansmay（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.botharecontrolledbytheexternalworld

B.bothrememberthesensesoftheworld

C.botharenotfancifulbutreal

D.bothinvolveconstantcreating

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Numericalskills.

B.Imagination.

C.Creation.

D.Senseofbeauty.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Mathematicianswouldliketosparenoefforttomaketheirproofselegant.

B.Mathematicianslovetoarrangetheirformulasandequationssothattheytakeabeautifulform.

C.Mathematiciansseldomarrangetheirformulasandequationsinsymmetry.

D.Mathematiciansliketoarrangetheirformulasinverses.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.unusualdiction

B.imaginativeexpression

C.symbolism,condensationandeconomyofwords

D.condensationandimaginativediction

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.usesymbolsforthesakeofcondensationandconcentration

B.usesymbolsforthesakeofcomparison

C.usepoemsasakindofsymbols

D.usenumberstosignifybeauty

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段fortheactivityofthemathematician,constantlycreatingasheis,guidedalthoughnotcontrolledbytheexternalworldofthesenses,bearsaresemblance,notfanciful,Ibelieve,butreal,totheactivitiesoftheartist—ofapainter,letussay.（因?yàn)閿?shù)學(xué)家的活動(dòng)，不斷地創(chuàng)造，盡管不受感官的外部世界的控制，但與藝術(shù)家的活動(dòng)，比如說(shuō)畫(huà)家的活動(dòng)，有著相似之處，我相信不是空想，而是真實(shí)的。）因此D選項(xiàng)“兩者都涉及不斷創(chuàng)造”正確。A選項(xiàng)“兩者都受外部世界的控制”；B選項(xiàng)“兩者都記得世界的感覺(jué)”；C選項(xiàng)“兩者都不是幻想，而是真實(shí)的”，這三項(xiàng)都是文章中未體現(xiàn)的。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段最后一句Otherqualitiesofafarmoresubtlesort,chiefamongwhichinbothcasesisimagination,gointothemakingofagoodartistoragoodmathematician.（一個(gè)好的藝術(shù)家或好的數(shù)學(xué)家還具有其他更微妙的品質(zhì)，其中最主要的是想象力。）因此B選項(xiàng)“想象力”正確。A選項(xiàng)“數(shù)值技巧”；C選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造”；D選項(xiàng)“審美”都不是文章所說(shuō)明的。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段Hispoemfirstappealstotheeyebeforeitreachestheearorthemind;andsimilarly,themathematicianlinesuphisformulasandequationssothattheirformmaymakeanaestheticimpression.（他的詩(shī)在到達(dá)耳朵或心靈之前首先吸引了人們的目光；同樣地，數(shù)學(xué)家把他的公式和方程式排列起來(lái)，以便它們的形式能給人留下美感。）因此B選項(xiàng)“數(shù)學(xué)家們喜歡把他們的公式和方程式排列得很漂亮”正確。A選項(xiàng)“數(shù)學(xué)家們?cè)敢獠贿z余力地使他們的證明優(yōu)雅”；C選項(xiàng)“數(shù)學(xué)家很少用對(duì)稱(chēng)的方式排列他們的公式和方程”；D選項(xiàng)“數(shù)學(xué)家喜歡用詩(shī)句來(lái)排列他們的公式”，都不是文章中給出的信息。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息位到倒數(shù)第三段Thesuperiorityofpoetryoverotherformsofverbalexpressionliesfirstinthesymbolismusedinpoetry,andsecondlyinitsextremecondensationandeconomyofwords.（詩(shī)歌相對(duì)于其他語(yǔ)言表達(dá)形式的優(yōu)越性首先在于詩(shī)歌中使用的象征手法，其次在于其詞的極端濃縮和簡(jiǎn)潔。）因此C選項(xiàng)“詞語(yǔ)的象征、濃縮和簡(jiǎn)潔”正確。A選項(xiàng)“不尋常的措辭”；B選項(xiàng)“富有想象力的表達(dá)”；D選項(xiàng)“縮合和想象的措辭”，不符合文意。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到最后一段These,likeothermathematicalsymbols,andlikethepoetssymbols,areacondensed,concentratedwayofstatingalongandrathercomplicatedchainofsimplegeometrical,algebraic,ornumericalrelations.（這些符號(hào)，像其他的數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)，也像詩(shī)人的符號(hào)一樣，是一種濃縮的方式，用來(lái)表述由簡(jiǎn)單的幾何、代數(shù)或數(shù)字關(guān)系構(gòu)成的長(zhǎng)而復(fù)雜的鏈條。）因此A選項(xiàng)“使用符號(hào)是為了濃縮和集中”正確。B選項(xiàng)“使用符號(hào)是為了比較”，不正確；C選項(xiàng)“把詩(shī)歌作為一種象征”不符合文章；D選項(xiàng)“用數(shù)字來(lái)表示美”，文章是說(shuō)將數(shù)字變成符號(hào)，而不是表示美。

2.單選題

Manypeoplewerehomelessinthe（）oftheearthquake.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aftermath

B.premonition

C.omen

D.presentiment

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)aftermath“后果；余波”；B選項(xiàng)premonition“預(yù)感”；C選項(xiàng)omen“預(yù)兆，征兆”；D選項(xiàng)presentiment“預(yù)感”。句意：地震的后果就是許多人無(wú)家可歸。因此A項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

The（

）bonesofanelderlypersonmayfractureeasily.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.slender

B.brittle

C.dense

D.firm

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)slender“細(xì)長(zhǎng)的，苗條的”；B選項(xiàng)brittle“脆弱的”；C選項(xiàng)dense“稠密的”；D選項(xiàng)firm“堅(jiān)定的”。句意：老年人脆弱的骨頭可能容易折斷。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

4.單選題

He___athiswatchbeforehelefttheoffice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.glanced

B.glimpsed

C.glared

D.scribbled

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)glanced“瞥閃，瞥見(jiàn)，掃視，匆匆一看（強(qiáng)調(diào)主動(dòng)的加以注意瞥了一眼）；瀏覽；斜擊某物后斜彈開(kāi)來(lái)；反光；輕擦（球）；（板球）斜擊”；B選項(xiàng)glimpsed“瞥見(jiàn)（強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)的，比如某個(gè)東西在眼前閃了一下，不是主動(dòng)去看）”；C選項(xiàng)glared“怒目而視，瞪眼看；發(fā)出刺眼的光”；D選項(xiàng)scribbled“亂畫(huà)；潦草地書(shū)寫(xiě)；寫(xiě)作（非正式）；粗疏（羊毛）”。句意：他離開(kāi)辦公室前___手表。本句表達(dá)“主動(dòng)地瞥了一眼手表”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Thisisaverybighotelanditcan（）morethan1,000people.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.furnish

B.accommodate

C.transport

D.institute

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。furnish“提供，供應(yīng)”；accommodate“容納，使適應(yīng)”；transport“運(yùn)輸”；institute“實(shí)行，建立”。句意：這是一個(gè)很大的酒店，能夠容納1000多人。只有B項(xiàng)符合句意。

6.翻譯題

人類(lèi)文明——任何形式的人類(lèi)文明，都可以說(shuō)是一種大的信息系統(tǒng)。第一個(gè)階段是語(yǔ)言，有了語(yǔ)言才能共同占有經(jīng)驗(yàn)，才能集體記憶，才能集體積累知識(shí)。然后便是記寫(xiě)，記寫(xiě)提供了一種不太容易消失的、更容易傳遞的記憶形式。之后便出現(xiàn)了印刷，從而使信息傳播大大增加。

現(xiàn)代電子學(xué)正在為我們提供嶄新而功能更強(qiáng)的方法，來(lái)收集、加工、處理和傳遞。正是這種發(fā)展的一個(gè)非凡特征，才使得能力的巨大提高卻沒(méi)有給能源或稀少的材料造成負(fù)擔(dān)。相反，設(shè)備變得越來(lái)越小，甚至在同樣的工作性能情況下，價(jià)格越來(lái)越便宜。只需要看袖珍計(jì)算器，微型計(jì)算機(jī)，電子表和電子游戲機(jī)，便可知道確實(shí)是如此。

【答案】Itcanbesaidthatanyformofhumancivilizationisalargeinformationsystem.Thefirststageislanguage.Onlywithlanguagecanweshareexperienceandhavecollectivememoryaswellasaccumulateknowledgecollectively.Thesecondstepistowritedown.Writinghasofferedaformofmemorythatislesslikelytodisappearandmoreeasilytransmitted.Thenprintinggreatlyhasincreasedthedisseminationofinformation.

Modernelectronicsisprovidinguswithnewandmorepowerfulwaystocollect,process,processanddeliver.Itisaremarkablefeatureofthisdevelopmentthatgreatlyincreasesabilitywithoutposingburdenonenergyorscarcematerials.Rather,devicesaregettingsmallerandevencheaperunderthesameperformanceconditions,whichisprovedbypocketcalculator,microcomputer,electronicwatchandelectronicgamemachine.

7.單選題

Treesshouldonlybeprunedwhenthereisagoodandclearreasonfordoingsoand,fortunately，thenumberofsuchreasonsissmall.Pruninginvolvesthecuttingawayofovergrownandunwantedbranches,andtheinexperiencedgardenercanbeencouragedbythethoughtthatmoredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreetogrowinitsownway.

First,pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize.Theobjectmaybetogetatreeoftherightheight,andatthesametimetohelpthegrowthofsmallsidebrancheswhichwillthickenitsappearanceorgiveitaspecialshape.Secondly,pruningmaybedonetomakethetreehealthier.Youmaycutdiseasedordeadwood,orbranchesthatarerubbingagainsteachotherandthuscausewounds.Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingbranchesthatareblockingupthecentreandsopreventingthefreemovementofair.

Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordisease,butitisawoundthatwillheal.Oftenthereisaracebetweenthehealingandthediseaseastowhetherthetreewillliveordie,sothatthereisaperiodwhenthetreeisatrisk.Itshouldbetheaimofeverygardenertoreducethatriskofdeathasfaraspossible.Itisessentialtomakethearea，whichhasbeenpruned,smoothandclean,forhealingwillbesloweddownbyroughness.Youshouldallowthecutsurfacetodryforafewhoursandthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.Pruningisusuallywithoutinterferencefromtheleavesandalsoitisveryunlikelythatthecutsyoumakewillbleed.Ifthisdoeshappen,itis,ofcourse,impossibletopaintthemproperly.

1.Pruningshouldbedoneto（）.

2.Treesbecomeunhealthyifthegardener（）.

3.Whyisaspecialsubstancepaintedonthetree?

4.Agoodgardenerprunesatree（）.

5.Whatwastheauthor’spurposewhenwritingthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.makethetreegrowtaller

B.improvetheshapeofthetree

C.getridofthesmallbranches

D.makethesmallbranchesthicker

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.allowstoomanybranchestogrowinthemiddle

B.doesnotprotectthemfromwind

C.forcesthemtogrowtooquickly

D.damagessomeofthesmallsidebranches

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Tomakeawoundsmooth.

B.Topreventdiseaseenteringawound.

C.Tocoveraroughsurface.

D.Tohelpawoundtodry.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.atintervalsthroughouttheyear

B.asquicklyaspossible

C.occasionallywhennecessary

D.regulareverywinter

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Togivepracticalinstructionforpruningatree.

B.Togiveageneraldescriptionofpruning.

C.Toexplainhowtreesdevelopdiseases.

D.Todiscussdifferentmethodsofpruning.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Pruningshouldbedone”定位至第二段：pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize（修枝是為了確保樹(shù)木按照所需要的形狀或大小生長(zhǎng)）。因此，B項(xiàng)為正確答案。

2.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Treesbecomeunhealthy”定位至第二段：Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingbranchesthatareblockingupthecentre…（剪去堵塞中心的樹(shù)枝可以促進(jìn)樹(shù)木的健康）。因此推測(cè)，樹(shù)木中心的樹(shù)枝太多不利于樹(shù)木的生長(zhǎng)，A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

3.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“specialsubstancepaintedonthetree”定位至第三段：Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordisease...andthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.由此可知，在樹(shù)木切口表面漆上特殊的材料就是為了防止病害從樹(shù)木切口進(jìn)入，B項(xiàng)為正確答案。

4.第一段指出：moredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreetogrowinitsownway（不必要的剪枝會(huì)給樹(shù)木帶來(lái)更多的傷害）。由此推測(cè)，好的園丁只是在必要的時(shí)候才修剪樹(shù)木，C項(xiàng)為正確答案。

5.通篇作者在闡述什么情況下修剪樹(shù)木并且詳細(xì)介紹了原因和方法。因此，作者的目的是在修剪樹(shù)木方面給予實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)，A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

8.單選題

Ithaslongbeenknownthattherateofoxidativemetabolism(theprocessthatusesoxygentoconvertfoodintoenergy)inanyanimalhasaprofoundeffectonitslivingpatterns.Thehighmetabolicrateofsmallanimals,forexample,givesthemsustainedpowerandactivityperunitofweight,butatthecostofrequiringconstantconsumptionoffoodandwater.Verylargeanimals,withtheirrelativelylowmetabolicrates,cansurvivewellonasporadicfoodsupply,butcangeneratelittlemetabolicenergypergramofbodyweight.Ifonlyoxidativemetabolicrateisconsidered,therefore,onemightassumethatsmaller,moreactive,animalscouldpreyonlargerones,atleastiftheyattackedingroups.Perhapstheycouldifitwerenotforanaerobicglycolysis,thegreatequalizer.

Anaerobicglycolysisisaprocessinwhichenergyisproduced,withoutoxygen,throughthebreakdownofmuscleglycogenintolacticacidandadenosinetriphosphate(ATP),theenergyprovider.Theamountofenergythatcanbeproducedanaerobicallyisafunctionoftheamountofglycogenpresent——inallvertebratesabout0.5percentoftheirmuscles’netweight.Thustheanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothesizeoftheanimal.If,forexample,somepredatorshadattackeda100-tendinosaur,normallytorpid,thedinosaurwouldhavebeenabletogeneratealmostinstantaneously,viaanaerobicglycolysis,theenergyof3,000humansatmaximumoxidativemetabolicenergyproduction.Thisexplainshowmanylargespecieshavemanagedtocompetewiththeirmoreactiveneighbors:thecompensationforalowoxidativemetabolicrateisglycolysis.

Therearelimitations,however,tothiscompensation.Theglycogenreservesofanyanimalaregood,atmost,foronlyabouttwominutesatmaximumeffort,afterwhichonlythenormaloxidativemetabolicsourceofenergyremains.Withtheconclusionofaburstofactivity,thelacticacidlevelishighinthebodyfluids,leavingthelargeanimalvulnerableto

attackuntiltheacidisreconverted,viaoxidativemetabolism,bytheliverintoglucose,whichisthensent(inpart)backtothemusclesforglycogenresynthesis.Duringthisprocesstheenormousenergydebtthattheanimalhasrunupthroughanaerobicglycolysismustberepaid,adebtthatisproportionallymuchgreaterforthelargervertebratesthanforthesmallerones.Whereasthetinyshrewcanreplaceinminutestheglycogenusedformaximumeffort,forexample,thegiganticdinosaurwouldhaverequiredmorethanthreeweeks.Itmightseemthatthisinterminablylongrecoverytimeinalargevertebratewouldproveagravedisadvantageforsurvival.Fortunately,muscleglycogenisusedonlywhenneededandeventhenonlyinwhateverquantityisnecessary.Onlyintimesofpanicorduringmortalcombatwouldtheentirereservesbeconsumed.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,amajorlimitationofanaerobicglycolysisisthatitcan（

）.

3.Thepassagesuggeststhatthetotalanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothevertebrate’ssizebecause（

）.

4.Theauthorismostprobablyaddressingwhichofthefollowingaudiences?

5.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthecentralideaofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.refuteamisconceptionaboutanaerobicglycolysis

B.explainanaerobicglycolysisanditseffectsonanimalsurvival

C.describethelimitationsofanaerobicglycolysis

D.analyzethechemistryofanaerobicglycolysisanditssimilaritytooxidativemetabolism

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.produceinlargeanimalsmorelacticacidthanthelivercansafelyreconvert

B.necessitateadangerouslylongrecoveryperiodinlargeanimals

C.produceenergymoreslowlythanitcanbeusedbylargeanimals

D.consumealloftheavailableglycogenregardlessofneed

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.largervertebratesconservemoreenergythansmallervertebrates

B.largervertebratesuselessoxygenperunitweightthansmallervertebrates

C.theabilityofavertebratetoconsumefoodisafunctionofitssize

D.theamountofmuscletissueinavertebrateisdirectlyrelatedtoitssize

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Collegestudentsinanintroductorycourseonanimalphysiology

B.Historiansofscienceinvestigatingthediscoveryofanaerobicglycolysis

C.Graduatestudentswithspecializedtrainingincomparativeanatomy

D.ZoologistsinterestedinPrehistoricanimals

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thedisadvantageofalowoxidativemetabolicrateinlargeanimalscanbeoffsetbytheirabilitytoconvertsubstantialamountsofglycogenintoenergy.

B.Themostsignificantproblemfacinganimalsthathaveusedanaerobicglycolysisforenergyistheresynthesisofitsbyproduct,glucose,intoglycogen.

C.Thebenefitstoanimalsofanaerobicglycolysisareoffsetbytheprofoundcoststhatmustbepaid.

D.Themajorfactorensuringthatalargeanimalwilltriumphoverasmalleranimalisthelargeanimal’sabilitytoproduceenergyviaanaerobicglycolysis

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第一段提到動(dòng)作的氧化代謝率對(duì)它們生存方式造成的影響（inanyanimalhasaprofoundeffectonitslivingpatterns）；第二段解釋無(wú)氧糖酵解（Anaerobicglycolysisisaprocessinwhichenergyisproduced,withoutoxygen,throughthebreakdownofmuscleglycogenintolacticacidandadenosinetriphosphate(ATP),theenergyprovider）；第三段提到了無(wú)氧糖酵解的不足以及對(duì)動(dòng)物的生存產(chǎn)生的影響。綜上所述，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.文章第三段第一句提到了補(bǔ)償?shù)木窒扌裕╰herearelimitations,however,tothiscompensation），指出動(dòng)物由于無(wú)氧糖酵解所導(dǎo)致的大量能量消耗必須得到補(bǔ)償，然后又通過(guò)小松鼠為例來(lái)說(shuō)明小型動(dòng)物補(bǔ)償?shù)臅r(shí)間短，而大型動(dòng)物則需要很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間才能完成補(bǔ)償，這就是補(bǔ)償?shù)木窒扌浴＿x項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.文章第二段第二句話(huà)Theamountofenergythatcanbeproducedanaerobicallyisafunctionoftheamountofglycogenpresent—inallvertebratesabout0.5percentoftheirmuscles’netweight.Thustheanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothesizeoftheanimal提到了無(wú)氧糖酵解與動(dòng)物體型的關(guān)系。隨后舉了恐龍的例子來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明肌肉越多，糖原質(zhì)的含量就越多，體型大，肌肉多，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.文章主要介紹無(wú)氧糖酵解對(duì)動(dòng)物的生存產(chǎn)生的影響，沒(méi)有使用一些非常晦澀難懂的專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)，因此作者最可能針對(duì)的是剛剛接觸相關(guān)學(xué)科的人群。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.文章主要提及了氧化代謝率較低的大型動(dòng)物的不利原因。作者通過(guò)舉了恐龍這種大型動(dòng)物來(lái)說(shuō)明自己的觀點(diǎn)，比如一只100噸重的恐龍可以通過(guò)無(wú)氧糖酵解產(chǎn)生3000個(gè)人進(jìn)行氧化新陳代謝（viaanaerobicglycolysis,theenergyof3,000humansatmaximumoxidativemetabolicenergyproduction.）產(chǎn)生的最大的能量，從而保證大型動(dòng)物能在激烈的叢林中生存。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.單選題

Onlynative-borncitizensare（）fortheU.S.Presidency.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.eligible

B.elegant

C.legitimate

D.liable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)eligible“有資格的”；B選項(xiàng)elegant“優(yōu)雅的”；C選項(xiàng)legitimate“合法的；合理的”；D選項(xiàng)liable“有責(zé)任的”。句意：只有本國(guó)出生的公民才……成為美國(guó)總統(tǒng)。成為美國(guó)總統(tǒng)的前提條件是Onlynative-borncitizens“只有本國(guó)出生的公民”，意味著非美國(guó)出生的公民是沒(méi)資格任職。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Somewomenaremotivatedtowork（）professionalinterestsandadesiretocontributetosociety.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.becauseof

B.asto

C.regardlessof

D.inspiteof

【答案】A

【解析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)becauseof“因?yàn)?；由于”；B選項(xiàng)asto“至于，關(guān)于；就……而論”；C選項(xiàng)regardlessof“不顧，不管”；D選項(xiàng)inspiteof“不管、雖然、盡管、不顧”。句意：有些婦女工作的動(dòng)機(jī)是（）職業(yè)興趣和為社會(huì)做貢獻(xiàn)的愿望。B、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合句意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Thepalmtreelookedasifit（

）foralongtime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasn’twatered

B.didn’twater

C.hadn’tbeenwatered

D.wasn’twatered

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Asif引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子。主語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，因此虛擬語(yǔ)氣的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

12.單選題

Designedtomeettheglobalneedforajetlinersizedbetweenthecompany'sown767-300and4-engine747-400,thenewplane'sseating（

）madeittheworld’slargesttwo-enginepassengerplane.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ability

B.capacity

C.capability

D.facility

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。seatingcapacity“載客人數(shù)”，為固定搭配，故答案B。ability“能力”；capability“性能，容量”；facility“設(shè)施”。句意：它的載客人數(shù)使其成為世界上最大的雙引擎客機(jī)。答案B

13.單選題

Notlongago,amysteriousChristmascarddroppedthroughourmailslot.TheenvelopewasaddressedtoamannamedRaoul,who,Iwasrelativelycertaindidnotlivewithus.Theenvelopewasn’tsealed,soIopenedit.Theinsideofthecardwasbland.Ed,myhusband,explainedthatthecardwasbothfromandtothenewspaperdeliveryman.HisnamewasapparentlyRaoul,andRaoulwantedaholidaytip.Weweremeanttoputacheckinsidethecardandthendroptheenvelopeinthemail.Whenyourservicesarerenderedat4a.m,youcan’tsimplyhangaround,likeahotelbellboyexpectingatip.Youhavetobedirect.

SoIwroteaniceholidaygreetingtothismanwho,inmyimagination,firesTheNewYorkTimesfromhisbikeaimedatourfrontdoor,causingmorenoisewithmerenewsprintthanmostpeoplemanagewithsophisticatedblackmarketfireworks.

Withastart,Irealizedthatperhapsthereasonforthe4a.m.wake-upnoisewasnotordinaryrudenessbutcarefullyexecutedspite:IhadnottippedRaoulinChristmasespast.Ihonestlyhadn’trealizedIwassupposedto.Thiswasthefirsttimehe’dusedthecardtactic.SoIgotoutmycheckbook.Somewherealongtheline,holidaytippingwentfromanoptionaltank-youforayearofservicestoaMafia-styleprotectionracket(收取保護(hù)費(fèi)的黑社會(huì)組織).

Severaldayslater,IwasbringingourgarbagebinsbackfromthecurbwhenInoticedanenvelopetapedtooneofthelids.TheoutsideoftheenvelopesaidMICKEY.Ithadtobeanothertiprequest,thistimefromourgarbagecollector.UnlikeRaoul,Mickeyhadn’tenclosedhisownChristmascardfromme.InawayIappreciatedthedirectness.“Iknowyoudon’tcarehowmerrymyChristmasis,andthat’sfine,thegesturesaid.Iwant$30,orI’llforgettoemptyyourgarbagebinsomehotsummerday.”

Iputacheckintheenvelopeandtapeditbacktothebin.Thenextmorning,Ednoticedthattheenvelopewasgone,thoughthetrashhadn’tyetbeenpickedup.“SomeonestoleMickey’stip!”Edwasquitecertain.Hemademecallthebankandcancelthecheck.

ButEdhadbeenwrong.Twoweekslater,Mickeyleftaletterfromthebankoursteps.TheletterinformedMickeythatthecheck,whichhehadtriedtocash,hadbeencancelled.ThefollowingTuesdaymorning,whenEdsawatruckoutside,heranoutwithhiswallet.“AreyouMickey?”

Themanlookedathimwithscorn.“Mickeyisthegarbageman.Iamtherecycling.”NotonlyhadEdinsultedthismanbyhintingthathewasagarbageman,buthehadobviouslyneglectedtotiphim.Edranbackinsideformorefunds.Thenhenoticedthatthedriverofthetruckhadbeenwatchingthewholetransaction.Hepeeledoffanothertwentyandlookedaround,wavingbillsintheair.“Anyoneelse?”

HadweconsultedthewebsiteoftheEmilyPostInstitute,thisembarrassingbreachofetiquette(禮節(jié))couldhavebeenavoided.Under"44trash/recyclingcollectors”intheinstitute’sHolidayTippingGuidelines,itsays,“$10to$30each.”Youmayormaynotwishtoknowthatyourpetgroomer,hairdresser,mailmanandUPSguyallexpectaholidaytip.

1.Thenewspaperdeliverymanputablankcardinsidetheenvelopebecause（

）.

2.Fromthepassage,welearnthattheauthor（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorfelt（

）togiveRaoulaholidaytip.

4.WhichofthefollowingisCORRECTaboutMickey,thegarbagecollector?

5.Ed’sencounterwiththerecyclingteamshowsthat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.heforgottowriteafewwordsonit

B.hewantedthecoupletosenditback

C.heusedittoaskforaChristmastip

D.hewasafraidofaskingforatipinperson

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.didn’tlikeRaoul’swayofdeliveringthepaper

B.didn’trealizewhyRaouldeliveredthepaperthatway

C.didn’tknowthatRaoulcameveryearlyin

D.didn’tfeelitnecessarytomeetRaoulwhenhecame

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.excited

B.delighted

C.embarrassed

D.forced

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Hewrotealettertothecoupleafterwards.

B.Hefailedtocollectthemoneyfromthebank.

C.HewantedthecoupletosendhimaChristmascard.

D.Hecollectedboththecheckandthegarbagethatday.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Edwasdesperatetocorrecthismistake

B.EdonlywantedtogivemoneytoRaoul

C.Edwasunwillingtotipthetruckdriver

D.Ednolongerwantedtogivethemmoney

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。文章第三段提到我在過(guò)去的圣誕節(jié)沒(méi)有給Raoul小費(fèi)，這是他第一次使用這樣的策略（Thiswasthefirsttimehe’dusedthecardtactic），由此可知Raoul是想用這種方法要消費(fèi)，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。文章第三段提到我意識(shí)到凌晨4點(diǎn)起床時(shí)發(fā)出的噪音也許不是普通的無(wú)禮，而是精心制造的惡意（Withastart,Irealizedthatperhapsthereasonforthe4a.m.wake-upnoisewasnotordinaryrudenessbutcarefullyexecutedspite），由此可推測(cè)出作者起初不知道Raoul扔報(bào)紙發(fā)出那么大聲音的原因，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第三段提到作者真的沒(méi)有意識(shí)到應(yīng)該要這么做（即給小費(fèi)）（Ihonestlyhadn’trealizedIwassupposedto）。由此可知給小費(fèi)并不是作者的本意，而是被迫的，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。excited“興奮的”；delighted“高興的”；embarrassed“尷尬的”；forced“被迫的”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第六段提到那封信通知米奇，他嘗試取的支票被取消了（TheletterinformedMickeythatthecheck,whichhehadtriedtocash,hadbeencancelled），由此可知他沒(méi)能從銀行取錢(qián)，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到他取出另外的20元，環(huán)顧四周，搖著錢(qián)說(shuō)“還有人要嗎”（Hepeeledoffanothertwentyandlookedaround,wavingbillsintheair.“Anyoneelse?”），由此可知他極度想要改正自己的錯(cuò)誤，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

14.單選題

Theseverityofadjustmentproblemsexperiencedinasecondculturedependsontheindividual’sabilitytoadapttonewsituations.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.excitement

B.intensity