考研考博-英語(yǔ)-吉林動(dòng)畫(huà)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-吉林動(dòng)畫(huà)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Societywasfascinatedbyscienceandthingsscientificinthenineteenthcentury.Greatbreakthroughsinengineering,theuseofsteampower,andelectricitywerethereforalltosee,enjoy,andsuffer.Sciencewasfashionableanditisnotsurprisingthat,duringthisgreatperiodofindustrialdevelopment,scientificmethodsshouldbeappliedtotheactivitiesofman,particularlytothoseinvolvedintheprocessesofproduction.Towardstheendofthenineteenthcenturyinternationalcompetitionbegantomakeitselffelt.Thethreeindustrialgiantsoftheday,Germany,America,andGreatBritain,begantofindthattherewasalimittothepurchasingpowerofthepreviouslyapparentlyinexhaustiblemarkets.Scienceandcompetitionthereforeprovidedthemeansandtheneedtoimproveindustrialefficiency.

FrederickWinslowTaylorisgenerallyacknowledgedasbeingthefatherofthescientificmanagementapproach,asaresultofthepublicationofhisbook.ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement,publishedin1911.However,numerousotheracademicsandpractitionershadbeenactivelyapplyingsuchapproachessincethebeginningofthecentury.CharlesBabbage,anEnglishacademic,well-knownforhisinventionofthemechanicalcomputer(withtheaidofagovernmentgrantaslongas1820),appliedhimselftothecostingofprocesses,usingscientificmethods,andindeedmightwellberecognizedasoneofthefathersofcostaccounting.

Taylorwasofwell-to-dobackgroundandreceivedanexcellenteducationbut,partlyowingtotroubleswithhiseyesight,decidedtobecomeanengineeringapprentice.Hespentsometwenty-fiveyearsinthetough,sometimesbrutal,environmentoftheUSsteelindustryandcarefullystudiedmethodsofworkwhenheeventuallyattainedsupervisorystatus.Hemadevarioussignificantinnovationsintheareaofsteelprocessing,buthisclaimtofameisthroughhisapplicationofmethodsofsciencetomethodsofwork,andhispersonaleffortsthatprovedtheycouldsucceedinahostileenvironment.

In1901,Taylorleftthesteelindustryandspenttherestofhislifetryingtopromotetheprinciplesofmanagingscientificallyandemphasizingthehumanaspectsofthemethod,overtheslave—drivingmethodscommoninhisday.Hediedin1915,leavingahugeschooloffollowerstopromotehisapproachworldwide.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasbadlyneededtoimproveindustrialefficiency?

2.Taylorismostfamousfor（）.

3.CharlesBabbage,anEnglishacademic（）.

4.Taylor'sscientificmanagementmethodwasdescribedas（）.

5.Whenhediedin1915,Taylor（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Greatbreakthroughs

B.Unlimitedpurchasingpower

C.Scienceandcompetition.

D.Internationalcompetition.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.hisapplicationofscientificmethodstowork

B.hisbook“ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement”

C.hisvariousinnovationsinsteelprocessing

D.Thespreadingofhisscientificmanagementmethod

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.triedtousecomputersinproductionprocesses

B.firstusedcomputersintheareaofcostaccounting

C.wasthefatherofmodemcomputers

D.triedascientificmanagementapproach

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.scientificandhuman

B.efficientbutslave-driving

C.academicbutpracticable

D.brutalbuthighlysuccessful

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.purchasedasteelmill

B.soldasteelmill

C.startedtoprotectenvironment

D.leftahugeschooloffollowers.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段最后一句“Scienceandcompetitionthereforeprovidedthemeansandtheneedtoimproveindustrialefficiency.可知，科學(xué)和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)為工業(yè)效率的提高提供了方法和必要性?！倍恼碌谝欢沃饕v的是科學(xué)給工業(yè)帶來(lái)的突破以及競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的必要性。綜合考慮以上內(nèi)容，要提高生產(chǎn)效率，那么科學(xué)和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是必需的。因此C項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。通過(guò)文章第三段中“...buthisclaimtofameisthroughhisapplicationofmethodsofsciencetomethodsofwork（但使他出名的卻是他將科學(xué)方法應(yīng)用到工作之中）”可知，泰勒是以在工作中應(yīng)用科學(xué)的管理方法而聞名于世。因此，正確答案是A項(xiàng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段CharlesBabbage...appliedhimselftothecostingofprocesses,usingscientificmethods,andindeedmightwellberecognizedasoneofthefathersofcostaccounting.可知，英國(guó)科學(xué)家CharlesBabbage在程序成本核算中，成功運(yùn)用了科學(xué)的管理方法，被認(rèn)為是成本核算之父。因此，正確答案是D項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。由文章第四段第一句“Taylor...emphasizingthehumanaspectsofthemethod,overtheslave-drivingmethodscommoninhisday”可知，泰勒強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人性化的方法，而非當(dāng)時(shí)常見(jiàn)的奴隸式的方法。動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)emphasizeAoverB表示“與B相比更強(qiáng)調(diào)A”。因此，泰勒強(qiáng)調(diào)管理方法的科學(xué)性和人性化。本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文最后一句Hediedin1915,leavingahugeschooloffollowerstopromotehisapproachworldwide.可知，泰勒于1975年去世，而他的大批追隨者則繼續(xù)在世界各地推廣他的方法。因此，D項(xiàng)是正確答案。

2.單選題

Whathesaidinthemeeting（）everybodypresent.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.repelled

B.dismissed

C.disposed

D.eliminated

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)repel“抵制，使厭惡”；B選項(xiàng)dismiss“解散，不予考慮”；C選項(xiàng)dispose“處理，處置”；D選項(xiàng)eliminate“消除，排除”。句意：他說(shuō)的話令在場(chǎng)的所有人厭惡。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

3.單選題

OnourwaytoBeijing,wevisitedXi’an,acityoftwomillion（）,andstayedtherefortwodays.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.insects

B.human

C.inhabitants

D.flights

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)insect“昆蟲(chóng)，卑鄙的人”；B選項(xiàng)human“人，人類”；C選項(xiàng)inhabitant“居民，居住者”；D選項(xiàng)flight“飛行，班機(jī)”。句意：在去北京的途中，我們參觀了有200萬(wàn)人口的城市西安，并在那里呆了兩天。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

4.單選題

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehascometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposedhisrulebybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinotherrespectsappealtobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolenceasifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakeitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshedandthesufferingmeannothing.Nosolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterthenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.

Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,Wewouldnothavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogramme.Thebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.

Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother’sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanginginformation.“Talk,talk,talk，’’theadvocatesofviolencesay,“allyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewiser.”It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.“Possible,mylord,”thebarristerreplied“nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed.”Knowledgeisthenecessary,prerequisitetoWisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Recordedhistoryhastaughtus（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen

（

）.

4.“Hewasnonethewiser”means

（

）.

5.Accordingtheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceis（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.AdvocatingViolence.

B.ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.

C.ImportantPeopleonBothSidesViolenceasaLegitimateSolution.

D.TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.violenceneversolvesanything

B.nothing

C.thebloodshedmeansnothing

D.everything

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.can’tgetahearing

B.arelookeddownupon

C.arepersecuted

D.havedifficultyinadvocatinglawenforcement

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.hewasnotatallwiseinlistening

B.Hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore

C.Hegainsnothingafterlistening

D.Hemakesnosenseoftheargument

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.lawenforcement

B.knowledge

C.nonviolence

D.moppinguptheviolent

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問(wèn)的是“這篇文章最適合的標(biāo)題是……”。文章提到有些國(guó)家的人傾向于用暴力解決問(wèn)題，這種行為甚至被認(rèn)為是理所當(dāng)然的（Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehascometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned），接著又提到暴力解決不了問(wèn)題，只會(huì)讓問(wèn)題更尖銳（Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakeitmoreacute），因此，選項(xiàng)B“暴力不能解決任何種族糾紛”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的“有記錄的歷史教會(huì)我們……”。文章第一段提到“人類有記載的那些關(guān)于暴力的歷史完全沒(méi)有教我們?nèi)魏螙|西”（Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing），因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“可以推斷真正理智的人……”。文章第二段第一二句提到“真正理智的人會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的方法越來(lái)越難以被傾聽(tīng)。他們被自己的同類鄙視，不信任、甚至迫害，因?yàn)樗麄冃麚P(yáng)的是讓他人憤怒的事情”（Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement），選項(xiàng)D“在支持執(zhí)法上遇到困難”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“‘Hewasnonethewiser’意味著……”。文章第三段提到“聽(tīng)了一場(chǎng)冗長(zhǎng)的辯論后，法官抱怨說(shuō)，聽(tīng)了這番話，他還是一竅不通”（Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser），因此選項(xiàng)C“傾聽(tīng)后他什么都沒(méi)得到”符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“在作者看來(lái)，消除種族歧視問(wèn)題的最好辦法是……”。文章第二段最后一句話提到“只要我們?cè)诜煽蚣軆?nèi)努力，真正的與長(zhǎng)久的解決辦法將有可能”（Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw），選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.單選題

Aspeople’slivingstandardsimprove,thehealthandbeautybusinessis（）withmoresophisticatedproductsthaneverbefore.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.astonishing

B.flourishing

C.exaggerating

D.diminishing

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)astonishing“令人驚訝的”；B選項(xiàng)flourishing“繁榮的，繁茂的”；C選項(xiàng)exaggerating“夸張的，夸大的”；D選項(xiàng)diminishing“逐漸縮小的，遞減的”。句意：隨著人們生活水平的提高，健康和美容行業(yè)正（），產(chǎn)品比以往任何時(shí)候都更加精致。這里表達(dá)的意思是“美容行業(yè)正在繁榮發(fā)展”，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Allworkers,regardlessoftheirsexandeducation,arerequiredto（）attheageof60.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.resign

B.retire

C.regain

D.retain

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指退休，只有選項(xiàng)B符合要求。

7.單選題

BBC’sCasualtyprogrammeonSaturdayeveninggaveviewersavoteastowhichoftwopatientsshouldbenefitfromadonation.Butitfailedtotellusthatwewouldnotneedtomakesomanylife-and-deathdecisionsifwegottogripwiththechronicorganshortage.

Beingpussyfootingaroundinitsapproachtodeadbodies,theGovernmentisgivingakickingtosomeofthemostvulnerableinoursociety.Onedepressingconsequenceofthisisthatasignificantnumberofthoseonthewaitinglisttakeofftoforeigncountriestopurchaseanorganfromalivingthird-worlddonor,somethingthatisforbiddenintheUnitedKingdom.Thepoorhavenooptionbuttowaitinvain.

TheHumanTissueAuthority’spositionontheretentionofbodypartsformedicalresearchafterapost-mortemexaminationisequallyflawed.Thenewconsentformscouldhavebeendraftedbysomeevilpersonseekingtostopthepreciousflowofhumantissueintothepathologicallaboratory.Theformsaresolengthythatdoctorsrarelyhavetimetocompletethemand,eveniftheytry,thewordingissographicthatrelativestendtolegitbeforesigning.Inconsequence,thenumberofpostmortemshasfallenquickly.

ThewiderworryisthatthemoralshortsightednessevidentintheHumanTissueActseemstoin-fecteveryfacetofthecontemporarydebateonmedicalethics.Takethetimidapproachtoembryonicstemcellresearch.TheUnitedStates,forexample,refusesgovernmentfundingtoscientistswhowishtocarryoutpotentiallyground-breakingresearchonthesurplusembryoscreatedbyIVFtreatment.

Senatorsprofesstobeworriedthatembryonicresearchfailstorespectthedignityof“potentialpersonsn.Rarelycansuchavacuousconcepthavefounditswayintoadebateclaimingtoprovideen-lightenment.Whenisthis“potential”supposedtokickin?Incaseyouwerewondering,thesesup-posedlypreciousembryosareatthesamestageofdevelopmentasthosethatareroutinelyterminatedbythepillwithoutanyonecrying.Thankfully,theBritishGovernmenthasrefusedthepositionofthe

UnitedStatesandoperatesoneofthemostliberalregimesinEurope,inwhichlicenceshavebeena-wardedtoresearcherstocreateembryosformedicalresearch.Itispossiblethat,inyearstocome,scientistswillbeabletogroworgansinthelabandfindcuresforarangeofdebilitatingdiseases.

Thefundamentalproblemwithourapproachtoethicsisourinabilitytoseparateemotionfrompolicy.Theonlyfactorthatshouldenterourmoralandlegaldeliberationsisthatofwelfare,aconceptthatismeaninglesswhenappliedtoentitiesthatlackself-consciousness.Neverforgetthattheresearchthatwearesoreluctanttoconductuponembryosanddeadbodiesisroutinelycarriedoutonliving,pain-sensitiveanimals.

1.Whathascausedthechronicorganshortage?

2.Theexpression“pussyfootingaround”(Line1，Paragraph2)mightmean（）.

3.Themoralshortsightednessisrevealedinthefactthat（）

4.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthormostlikelytoagree?

5.Theauthorismostcriticalof（）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Adecreaseindonationrates.

B.Inefficientgovernmentalpolicy.

C.Illegaltradeinhumanorgans.

D.Newsmedia’sindifference.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.unfair

B.hesitant

C.secret

D.strict

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thegovernmenthasstoppedtheexperimentonhumantissue

B.thedonationconsentformsaredifficulttounderstand

C.theHumanTissueActisallobstacletoimportantmedicalresearch

D.embryonicresearchshowsdisregardforhumanlife

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Therichandthepoorareequalinthefaceofdeath.

B.Morescientistsareneededforthemedicaladvancement.

C.Thereisadoublestandardinmedicalethics.

D.Thedeaddeservethesameattentionastheliving.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.themedia

B.doctors

C.U.S.Legislators

D.theBritishgovernment

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段指出：Beingpussyfootingaroundinitsapproachtodeadbodies,theGovernmentisgivingakickingtosomeofthemostvulnerableinoursociety。因此政府行為加劇了可移植器官的短缺。B項(xiàng)（政府政策的不作為）正確。

2.語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段第一行，該處講到“政府對(duì)待尸體問(wèn)題……，給我們社會(huì)中最弱勢(shì)的群體一個(gè)打擊（givingakickingto）”，后面句子又講到“它造成的一個(gè)令人沮喪（depressing）的后果是等待名單上很大一部分人飛到國(guó)外從第三世界捐贈(zèng)者那里購(gòu)買活體器官，而這在英國(guó)是被禁止的”。由此可知，“pussyfootingaround”在這里應(yīng)該表示的是“謹(jǐn)慎的，顧慮重重的”。因此，B項(xiàng)“hesitant（猶豫的；躊躇的）”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“moralshortsightedness”定位至第四段：ThewiderworryisthatthemoralshortsightednessevidentintheHumanTissueActseemstoinfecteveryfacetofthecontemporarydebateonmedicalethics（更令人擔(dān)憂的是，《人體組織法案》中明顯的道德短視似乎影響了當(dāng)代醫(yī)學(xué)倫理學(xué)辯論的各個(gè)方面）。因此，C項(xiàng)（《人體組織法案》是重要醫(yī)學(xué)研究的障礙）正確。

4.態(tài)度題。A項(xiàng)（死亡面前人人平等），B項(xiàng)（更多的科學(xué)家需要醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)步），C項(xiàng)（醫(yī)學(xué)倫理學(xué)有雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)），D項(xiàng)（死者應(yīng)該與生者獲得同等關(guān)注）。第一段反駁了A項(xiàng)；B選項(xiàng)偷換概念，排除；D項(xiàng)文章沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)。因此選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.態(tài)度題。作者是對(duì)政府政策持批判態(tài)度的。因此，C項(xiàng)（美國(guó)立法者）正確。

8.單選題

6.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hehurthisuncle.

B.Hehurthisankle.

C.Hehasaswollentoe.

D.Heneedsaminorsurgery.

【答案】B

【解析】W:Whereisyourinjury?

M:Here,myankle.

W:Howdidithappen?

M:Itrippedoveronthepavementandtwistedit.Itwasswollenandverypainful.

Q:Whatistrueabouttheman?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。男士說(shuō)：Here,myankle，即他傷到了腳踝。

9.單選題

Thedecreaseofhisfeverwasabenignsign.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.unfavorable

B.favorable

C.harsh

D.unharsh

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)unfavorable“不宜的，令人不快的”，B項(xiàng)favorable“有利的，良好的”，C項(xiàng)harsh“嚴(yán)厲的，嚴(yán)酷的”，D項(xiàng)unharsh“不苛刻的”。句意：他退燒了是一個(gè)好兆頭。根據(jù)句意可知，benign在句中表示“好的”。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

10.單選題

Congressrecognizedthemoremoneyforbettereducationandjobtrainingis（）tocompetitiveness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adaptable

B.applicable

C.crucial

D.cryst

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)adaptable“適合的，可修改的”；B選項(xiàng)applicable“可應(yīng)用的，合適的”；C選項(xiàng)crucial“重要的”；D選項(xiàng)cryst“結(jié)晶的”。句意：國(guó)會(huì)意識(shí)到，為改善教育和職業(yè)培訓(xùn)提供更多資金對(duì)提高競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力至關(guān)重要。本句表示“提供資金給教育和職業(yè)培訓(xùn)對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的作用”，經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)決定上層建筑，一般都有很重要的作用，C選項(xiàng)crucial“重要的”符合句意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

LeaksfromEdwardSnowden,asystem’sadministratorturnedwhistleblowerattheNationalSecurityAgency(NSA),America’ssignals-intelligenceagency,haveconfirmedthattheInternetisinsecure,andthatmodernspyagenciescan—anddo,onanindustrialscale—tapvirtuallyanyformofonlinecommunication.ButperhapsthemostacuteembarrassmentsofarhasbeencausedbytherevelationthattheNSAmayhavebeenlisteningtophonecallsmadebytheleadersofAmerica’sallies,mostnotablythoseoftheGermanchancellor,AngelaMerkel.Buthowexactlyisitdone?

Amobilephoneisessentiallyatelephonewitharadioattached.Anyonecanlisteninontheradiowavestravellingbetweenahandsetandthebasestationtowhichitisconnected.Topreventcasualeavesdropping,phonesoften(althoughnotalways)useencryption,whichdisarrangesthedatasothatonlytheintendedrecipientcanmakesenseofit.Butnotallencryptioniscreatedequal.Theencryptionusedinsecond-generation(2G)phones—atechnologythatdatesbackto1991一isweak,andreadilycrackedbymoderncomputers.The3Gstandardincludesstrongerdisarranging,althoughitisstillnotperfect.4G,theneweststandard,currentlybeingusedaroundtheworld,likewiseoffersmorecompetentencryption—althoughdocumentsleakedbyEdwardSnowdensuggestthatthespiesarepressuringmanufacturerstoputsecret“backdoors”intotheirproducts.

Butgettinginvolvedincryptographyisn’talwaysnecessary.Spyagenciescanobtaindetailsfromtelephonecompanies,eitherbyaskingthemtocooperateorforcingthemto.Anotheroptionistoimpersonatethemobilenetworkitself,bysettingupafakebase-stationandpersuadingthetarget’sphonetoconnecttoit.Atahackerconferencein2010,asecurityresearchercalledChrisPagetgaveadetaileddemonstrationofhowthisworks,usinglessthan$2,000ofoff-the-shelfequipment(afakebase-stationcaninstructphonesthatconnecttoittodoallsortsofthings,suchasturnofftheirencryption).Policeforcesaroundtheworlduseasimilargeartosilentlylisteninoncallsmadebytheirtargets.ArecentbookdescribeshowtheFBIhasquietlyremovedseveralsuchfakebase-stations-runbyforeignembassies—fromaroundWashington,D.C.

Norisitjustcalls.Textmessagescanalsobesnatched.Modernsmartphonesaregeneral-purposecomputers.Usersstoree-mailsonthem,fixtheirpositionwithsatellitenavigationsystems,andevenusethemforbanking,makingthemveryjuicytargetsindeed.Evenifthephonesthemselvesaresecure,itisfarfromclearhowsecurethebehind-the-scenesserversrunbyGoogleandApple,whichcontroltheAndroidandiOSplatformsrespectively,reallyare.Forthenon-spies,therearecheaper,simpleroptionsthatoftenwork,too.ThisweekseveraljournalistsinBritainarestandingtrialforhackingthevoicemailmessagesofeveryonefromservingpoliticianstomurderedschoolchildren.Theirmethodswerelow-techbuteffective:theysmooth-talkedemployeesofmobile-phonecompaniesintohandingoverthefour-digitpasscodesthatprotecttheircustomers’voicemailaccounts.Orelsetheysimplyguessedthem,bettingthatthephoneownerseitherhadn’tchangedthemfromdefaultsettingsorhadchoseneasy-to-rememberones,suchas1—2—3—4.WhethertheNSAusedlow-orhigh-techmethodstotapMrs.Merkel’sphoneremainsamystery—fornow,atleast.

1.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?

2.Howcanencryptionpreventcasualeavesdropping?

3.Accordingtothecontexttheword“impersonate”(Para.3)mightmean“（

）”.

4.Whatisthelastparagraphabout?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TorevealhowAngelaMerkelistapped.

B.TonarratethestoryofleaksfromEdwardSnowden.

C.Toexplainhowphonescanbebugged.

D.Toshowtheadvancementofhightechnology.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Bystoppingtheusualradiowaves.

B.Bydisconnectingatelephonetoaradio.

C.Bymakingtheinformationincomprehensible.

D.Bycreatingequalcodepages.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.empower

B.design

C.personify

D.copy

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Otherillegalmeanstoobtainpersonalinformation.

B.Processofsnatchingtextmessages.

C.ThetrialofseveralBritishjournalists.

D.Adviceofhowtousesmartphonesinproperways.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知,文章由第一段愛(ài)德華?斯諾登泄密的故事引出手機(jī)竊聽(tīng),主要目的是為了說(shuō)明手機(jī)是如何被竊聽(tīng)的,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段第三句“Topreventcasualeavesdropping,...recipientcanmakesenseofit.”為了防止偶然的竊聽(tīng),手機(jī)經(jīng)常(雖然并不總是如此)使用加密技術(shù),加密技術(shù)會(huì)打亂數(shù)據(jù)的排列,只有目標(biāo)接收者才能理解這些數(shù)據(jù)。也就是說(shuō),使信息無(wú)法被旁人所理解,選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第三段第三句“Anotheroptionistoimpersonatethemobilenetworkitself,bysettingupafakebase-stationandpersuadingthetarget’sphonetoconnecttoit.”另一種選擇是模擬移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)本身,建立一個(gè)假的基站,并說(shuō)服目標(biāo)的手機(jī)連接到它。根據(jù)“fakebase-station”可以推測(cè),impersonate表示模擬的意思,選項(xiàng)中D帶入原文最接近文意,所以正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的第一句“Norisitjustcalls.Textmessagescanalsobesnatched.”不只是電話,短信也可以被竊取。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

12.單選題

Seniorcitizens,especiallythoseabove70,are____tosomeprivilegesinmanycountries.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.enforced

B.engaged

C.enabled

D.entitled

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.enforced強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行B.engaged從事；忙于

C.enabled使能夠D.entitled使享有權(quán)利

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析

【解題思路】空格處填入的是動(dòng)詞，與其搭配的介詞為to，其賓語(yǔ)為privileges“特權(quán)”，D選項(xiàng)entitled“使享有權(quán)利”能夠滿足語(yǔ)義搭配要求，且常搭配的介詞為to，beentitledtosth“被賦予某種權(quán)利或享有某種資格”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)enforced“（enforcesthon/againstsb/sth）強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行”，與“特權(quán)”及介詞to不搭配；

B選項(xiàng)engaged“（beengagedin/onsth）從事；忙于”，與“特權(quán)”及介詞to不搭配；

C選項(xiàng)enabled“使能夠”，與“特權(quán)”不搭配，語(yǔ)義不完整。

【句意】在許多國(guó)家，老年人，尤其是70歲以上的老年人享有一些特權(quán)。

13.單選題

Elaine,Justin’smom,hadsetdownthehouseruleswithself-confidentassurance.Onlythemostobtusepersonwouldhavefailedtounderstand:notattoos,nobodypiercingsandnoco-edsleepoverswhilelivinginthehouseofElaineTuckerBrown.Still,thedayJustinturned18,heliedtohismotheraboutwherehewasgoingandheadedstraighttothetattooparlor,asifimpervioustohismother’swrath.Hegotalightblueheart,thesizeofanorangepermanentlyetchedonhisarm.Abovethisworkofartwastheword“Blessed”.No,Justinwasnotstupid,buthewasobstinate.Elainesawthisasanactofsheerdefiance.Shewasincensed,herangerexacerbatedbythefactthatJustinhadbreezedintothehouse,foundherinthekitchen,takenoffhisshirtwithasmileandsaid,“Gotit!”“No,Justin.Letmetellwhatyou'vegot,”Elainesaidangrily.“You'vegotfiveminutestogoupstairsandpackabag.IamtakingyoutoPop-Pop's.”TheridetoPop-Pop’shousewaschilly,tosaytheleast.ElaineberatedJustinforeverythingshecouldthinkof,whichwasn’tmuchbecausehewasastraightAseniorwithafullacademicscholarshiptohistopcollegepick.Hehadakindheartandstartedafoundationintheninthgrade,whichdonatedusedsportingequipmenttounderprivilegedkidsinSouthAfrica.Elainepulleduptoherfather’sdoorandorderedJustinout.Not10minuteslater,hercellphonerang.“Elaine,haveyoulostit?Youarekickingaboyasgoodashimoutthehouseforatattoo-thatsays‘Blessed’,noless?”herfatherasked,incredulous.“Youwillmisshimsomuch.Don’tcutoffyournosetospiteface,Elaine.Comepickthisyoungmanup.”Elaine,havinggrownupobeyingmostofherparents’demands,turnedhercararoundandwentbacktopickupherson.Justinwassurprisinglycontrite.“Sorryforbeingsodisrespectful,Mom,”hesaidearnestly.“Iwilltrytofollowhouserulesfromnowon.”

1.Whattitlewouldbestfitthispassage?

2.WhatwasJustin’sattitudewhenheshowedhismotherthetattoo?

3.WhichofthefollowingdetailsdoesnotmakethereadersympathetictoJustin?

4.Whichofthefollowingisthebestinterpretationoftheunderlinedidiomintheparagraph?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.“HouseRules”

B.“VisitingPop-Pop”

C.“StraightA’s”

D.“BodyPiercings”

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.cautiouslyjubilant

B.willfullydefiant

C.convincinglycontrite

D.noticeablymelodramatic

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Heisdescribedasobstinate.

B.Heisportrayedaskind-hearted.

C.HeisdescribedasastraightAstudent.

D.Heisdescribedasreceivingafullscholarshiptocollege.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Callingsomethingbadthatisnot.

B.Tryingtoteachsomethingtoodifficult.

C.Lovingapersonlessforwhathehasdone.

D.Pursuingrevengeandhurtingyourselfintheprocess.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Whattitlewouldbestfitthispassage?1.什么標(biāo)題最適合這篇文章？

A.“HouseRules”A.“家規(guī)”

B.“VisitingPop-Pop”B.“拜訪爺爺”

C.“StraightA’s”C.“優(yōu)等生”

D.“BodyPiercings”D.“身體穿刺”

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)文章首尾兩句“賈斯汀的媽媽伊萊恩自信滿滿地定下了家里的規(guī)矩”，以及“從現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始，我會(huì)盡量遵守家里的規(guī)矩”，可以知道，首尾兩句都提到了houserules（家規(guī)）這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)，可見(jiàn)本文主要是圍繞家規(guī)展開(kāi)的。故該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B項(xiàng)“‘拜訪爺爺’”、C項(xiàng)“‘優(yōu)等生’”和D項(xiàng)“‘身體穿刺’”都是文中的細(xì)節(jié)，不是主旨，屬于以偏概全。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.WhatwasJustin’sattitudewhenheshowedhismotherthetattoo?2.當(dāng)賈斯汀給他媽媽看紋身時(shí)，他是什么態(tài)度？

A.cautiouslyjubilantA.謹(jǐn)慎地高興

B.willfullydefiantB.故意挑釁

C.convincinglycontriteC.令人信服地懺悔

D.noticeablymelodramaticD.引人注目地夸張

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至文章第六、七、八句“不，賈斯汀不笨，但他很固執(zhí)（obstinate）。伊萊恩認(rèn)為這是公然的挑釁（anactofsheerdefiance）。她被激怒了，賈斯汀輕快地走進(jìn)房子（Justinhadbreezedintothehouse），發(fā)現(xiàn)她在廚房里，他脫下了襯衫，微笑著（withasmile）說(shuō)，‘知道了！’”，由Justinhadbreezedintothehouse（賈斯汀輕快地走進(jìn)房子）和withasmile（帶著微笑）可以看出，賈斯汀的態(tài)度是任性固執(zhí)又帶有挑釁的，B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“謹(jǐn)慎地高興”和D項(xiàng)“引人注目地夸張”根據(jù)解題思路可知，該兩項(xiàng)不符合原文，屬于曲解原文；

C項(xiàng)“令人信服地懺悔”，是賈斯汀去了爺爺家之后的態(tài)度，不復(fù)合題干，屬于張冠李戴。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.WhichofthefollowingdetailsdoesnotmakethereadersympathetictoJustin?3.以下哪一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)不能讓讀者同情賈斯??？

A.Heisdescribedasobstinate.A.他被描述為固執(zhí)。

B.Heisportrayedaskind-hearted.B.他被描繪成一個(gè)善良的人。

C.HeisdescribedasastraightAstudent.C.他被描述成一個(gè)優(yōu)等生。

D.Heisdescribedasreceivingafullscholarshiptocollege.D.他獲得了大學(xué)全額獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)原文可知，賈斯汀是一個(gè)心地善良的人，每門學(xué)科都拿A，獲得了全額獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，這些都是他的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，能夠引起讀者的同情，但他固執(zhí)這一點(diǎn)，無(wú)法引起讀者的同情，所以本題選A項(xiàng)“他被描述為固執(zhí)”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B項(xiàng)“他被描繪成一個(gè)善良的人”、C項(xiàng)“他被描述成一個(gè)優(yōu)等生”和D項(xiàng)“他獲得了大學(xué)全額獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金”，根據(jù)解題思路可知，這三項(xiàng)都是讓讀者同情的地方，屬于反向干擾。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Whichofthefollowingisthebestinterpretationoftheunderlinedidiomintheparagraph?4.下面哪一項(xiàng)是對(duì)段落中劃線習(xí)語(yǔ)的最佳詮釋？

A.Callingsomethingbadthatisnot.A.說(shuō)一些并不壞的事情。

B.Tryingtoteachsomethingtoodifficult.B.試圖教一些太難的東西。

C.Lovingapersonlessforwhathehasdone.C.愛(ài)一個(gè)人不是因?yàn)樗龅氖隆?/p>

D.Pursuingrevengeandhurtingyourselfintheprocess.D.在報(bào)復(fù)的過(guò)程中傷害了自己。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位到劃線句子所在處，即文章倒數(shù)第五句“不要割下自己的鼻子來(lái)和臉過(guò)不去（Don’tcutoffyour