考研考博-英語(yǔ)-合肥通用職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-合肥通用職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

ItisthehighhumiditythatmakesLondonwinterssochilly,（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.notthelowtemperatures

B.notlownessoftemperatures

C.sincelowtemperaturesarenotaspresent

D.notthatitstemperaturesarebeinglow

【答案】A

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。這是個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，題目強(qiáng)調(diào)的是highhumidity，并且需填入的部分與thehighhumidity是并列成分，根據(jù)句意‘使倫敦的冬季如此之冷的是高濕度而不是低氣溫’確定A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.

Membersshall,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle11,providestechnicalassistancetodevelopingcountryMemberstoensurethatthepreparationandapplicationoftechnicalregulations,standardsandconformityassessmentproceduresdonotcreateunnecessaryobstaclestotheexpansionanddiversificationofexportsfromdevelopingcountryMembers.

Inasuperficialsensethisnewgenrewasconcernedwithquestionofmethodandwasbasedonaseriesofreversals.Whereasearlierjurisprudentialliteraturehadacceptedtheciviliandefinitionoflawas“truephilosophy’’,ithadnotdevelopedasadistinctivedisciplineorscience.Forthebulkofthefifteenthendsixteenthcenturies,studiesofthephilosophyandmethodoflawweretofoundinsurprisinglydisparatedialoguesandtracts.

Thepowerofanagenttobindhisprincipalbyhiscontractsoractsinthelatter'sbehalfdependsupontheauthorityexpressly,impliedlyorostensiblyconferredupontheagentbytheprincipal,andthisdependsuponthecircumstancesofeachparticularcase.Generally,authoritytomakeaspecifiedcontractcontemplatesacontractintheusualformandwithusualtermsandtodootheractswhichareusuallyincidentalorreasonablynecessaryformakingthecontract.

【答案】依照條款第十一條，成員國(guó)應(yīng)當(dāng)為屬于發(fā)展中國(guó)家的成員提供技術(shù)援助，來(lái)確保技術(shù)規(guī)范、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和合格評(píng)定程序的準(zhǔn)備和應(yīng)用不會(huì)為后者的出口擴(kuò)張和多樣化造成不必要的障礙。

在某種表面意義上，這種新流派關(guān)心方式問(wèn)題且基于一系列的變更。然而，早期的法律文學(xué)將法律的平民定義視為“真正的哲學(xué)”，它并沒(méi)有發(fā)展成為一種獨(dú)特的學(xué)問(wèn)或?qū)W科。在15世紀(jì)和16世紀(jì)的絕大部分時(shí)間里，對(duì)哲學(xué)和法律方法的研究在讓人驚訝的不同的對(duì)話和小冊(cè)中被發(fā)現(xiàn)。

代理人通過(guò)他（與當(dāng)事人簽訂）的臺(tái)同或代表當(dāng)事人的行為來(lái)讓后者受法律約束;該約束力依賴于委托人清楚、隱含或表面上地賦予代理人的權(quán)力，且也取決于每個(gè)特定實(shí)例的情況。通常，（委托人給代理人的）簽約指定合同的權(quán)力意味著后者可以簽訂具有常用條款的一般合同和做其它屬于簽訂合同而附帶的或合理需要的事情。

3.單選題

Havingspentsometimeinthecity,hehadnotrouble（

）totheHistoryMuseum.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tofindhisway

B.findinghisway

C.tohavefoundhisway

D.havingfoundhisway

【答案】B

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意：在這座城市待了一段時(shí)間后，他找歷史博物館完全沒(méi)有問(wèn)題。這里根據(jù)固定搭配havetroubledoingsth可以把A，C排除。D選項(xiàng)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去，但是從句意可知這里表示的是現(xiàn)在找博物館沒(méi)有問(wèn)題，所以答案選B。

4.單選題

Therearsectionofthebraindoesnotcontractwithage,andonecancontinuelivingwithoutintellectualoremotionalfaculties.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.advanced

B.growing

C.front

D.back

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。rear在句中是后面的，后方的；A選項(xiàng)advanced“高級(jí)的，先進(jìn)的”；B選項(xiàng)growing“成長(zhǎng)的”；C選項(xiàng)front“前面的”；D選項(xiàng)back“后面的”。句意：大腦后部不會(huì)隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而收縮，一個(gè)人可以在沒(méi)有智力或情感能力的情況下繼續(xù)生活。因此只有D符合。

5.單選題

（）Iknowthemoneyissafe,Ishallnotworryaboutit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Eventhough

B.Unless

C.Aslongas

D.However

【答案】C

【解析】句意：只要我知道錢是安全的,我就不會(huì)擔(dān)心。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

6.單選題

The________thatshesuggestedfordiscussionwerebasedonthemostrecentmedicalresearch.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contributions

B.occupations

C.expostulations

D.amendments

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“contribution”，意為“貢獻(xiàn)，捐款”；B選項(xiàng)“occupation”,意為“占有權(quán)，職業(yè)”；C選項(xiàng)“expostulation”意為“勸導(dǎo)，忠告”；D選項(xiàng)“amendment”，意為“改善，修正建議”。句意：她建議討論的修正案是基于最新的醫(yī)學(xué)研究。因此，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Inthatcountry,apersonwhomarriesbeforelegalagemusthaveaparent’s（）toobtainalicense.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.warrant

B.sanction

C.malignance

D.affirmation

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。warrant“證明,正當(dāng)理由”;sanction“認(rèn)可,支持;malignance“惡意,惡性”;affirmation“主張,肯定,斷言”。句意:在那個(gè)國(guó)家,一個(gè)人在法定年齡前結(jié)婚的話必須得到父母的認(rèn)可才能領(lǐng)證。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

8.單選題

Thesefigures（

）nosignificanceastheyarestatisticallyimperfect.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contributeto

B.attachto

C.conformto

D.amountto

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。contributeto意為“有助于，貢獻(xiàn)”；attachto意為“貼，系”；conformto意為“符合，遵照”；amountto意為“共計(jì)，歸結(jié)為”。

句意：這些數(shù)字沒(méi)有任何意義，因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)诮y(tǒng)計(jì)上不完美。

9.單選題

Therearemanykindsofmetals,______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.eachhavingitsspecialproperties

B.havingitsspecialproperties

C.onehasitsspecialproperties

D.eachhasitsspecialproperties

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.eachhavingitsspecialpropertiesB.havingitsspecialproperties

C.onehasitsspecialpropertiesDeachhasitsspecialproperties

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。

【解題思路】分析句子可知，therearemanykindsofmetals（金屬有很多種）是一個(gè)獨(dú)立完整的句子，而該句沒(méi)有并列連詞，所以空格處是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，即n./代詞+分詞/不定式，所以該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)缺少主語(yǔ)；

C、D項(xiàng)是獨(dú)立的句子，而逗號(hào)不能連接兩個(gè)獨(dú)立完整的句子。

【句意】金屬有很多種，每一種都有它的特性。

10.單選題

TheyaregoingtoLondon,buttheir（

）destinationisRome.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ultimate

B.prime

C.next

D.cardinal

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。ultimate“最終的”；prime“主要的，最好的”；next“其次的”；cardinal“主要的，基本的”。句意：他們要去倫敦，但他們最終的目的是羅馬。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.單選題

Withscholarsfrom24countries（

）theconference,thecommitteehadagreatdealofworktodo.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attend

B.attended

C.attending

D.toattend

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。這里考查的是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。with+名詞+分詞，表示原因或者伴隨條件，scholars和動(dòng)詞attend是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故正確答案選C。句意為：有來(lái)自24個(gè)國(guó)家的學(xué)者參加了會(huì)議，組委會(huì)有很多工作要做。

12.單選題

Yourexcusethatanelephantfellonyouandmadeyoulateisjust（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inevitable

B.incredible

C.indispensable

D.incurable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。inevitable意為“不可避免的”；incredible意為“不能相信的，難以置信的”；indispensable意為“不可或缺的，必不可少的”；incurable意為“無(wú)法治愈的”。由“anelephantfellonyou（一只大象落在你身上）”導(dǎo)致遲到這樣的借口，通常會(huì)讓人覺(jué)得這是難以置信的，因此選B。

句意：你找的借口說(shuō)一只大象落在你身上，使你遲到了，這根本是不可信的。

13.填空題

Myflatis（1）farfrommyworkplace!Ihavetocommute70（2）eachway（3）MondaytoFriday.

【答案】1.so

2.minutes

3.from

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義題。這里強(qiáng)調(diào)公寓離工作地方距離很遠(yuǎn)，故用sofar表示。

2.語(yǔ)義題。commute后面通常接時(shí)間，按照常理應(yīng)該是70分鐘，故用復(fù)數(shù)minutes。

3.固定搭配。fromMondaytoFriday從周一到周五。

14.單選題

AngLeewontheBestDirectorOscaratthe2013OscarsAwardingCeremonyforhissurrealfilmLifeofPi.ThiswashisfourthOscar（）,andsecondwins.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.recognition

B.nomination

C.condemnation

D.recommendation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)recognition“識(shí)別；認(rèn)出”；B選項(xiàng)nomination“任命；提名”；C選項(xiàng)condemnation“譴責(zé)；定罪”；D選項(xiàng)recommendation“推薦；建議”。句意：在2013年奧斯卡頒獎(jiǎng)典禮上，李安憑借其超現(xiàn)實(shí)電影《少年派的奇幻漂流》獲得了奧斯卡最佳導(dǎo)演獎(jiǎng)。這是他第四次奧斯卡……，第二次獲獎(jiǎng)。獲獎(jiǎng)前都會(huì)有一系列影片被提名。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.單選題

Todeveloplightindustryinabigway（）toimprovingthepeople’slivelihood.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.owes

B.attributes

C.distributes

D.contributes

【答案】D

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)搭配。A選項(xiàng)owesto...歸功于，因?yàn)锽選項(xiàng)attributesto把……歸功于；C選項(xiàng)distributesto分銷，分發(fā)給；D選項(xiàng)contributesto對(duì)……有貢獻(xiàn)，有好處。根據(jù)句意可知，大力發(fā)展輕工業(yè)有利于提高人民生活水平，因此D項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Sincenoonecould()hisscribbling,thechiefeditordecidedtoreplacehimwithanothercolumnist.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.encode

B.decipher

C.clear

D.identify

【答案】B

17.單選題

Howfastisyourpersonalcomputer?Whenpeopleaskthisquestion,theyaretypicallyreferringtothefrequencyofaminusculeclockinsidethecomputer,acrystaloscillatorthatsetthebasicrhythmusedthroughoutthemachine.Inacomputerwithaspeedofonegigahertz（千兆赫），forexample,thecrystal"licks”abilliontimesasecond.Everyactionofthecomputertakesplaceintinysteps,eachabillionthofasecondlong.Asimpletransferofdatamaytakeonlyonestep;complexcalculationsmaytakemanysteps.Alloperations,however,mustbeginandendaccordingtotheclock’stimingsignals.

Becausemostmodemcomputersuseasinglerhythm,wecallthemsynchronous.Insidethecomputer’smicroprocessorchip,aclockdistributionsystemdeliversthetimingsignalsfromthecrystaloscillatortothevariouscircuits,justassoundinairdeliversthebeatofadrumtosoldierstosettheirmarchingpace.Becauseallpartsofthechipsharethesamerhythm,theoutputofanycircuitfromonestepcanserveastheinputtoanyothercircuitforthenextstep.Thesynchronizationprovidedbytheclockhelpschipdesignersplansequencesofactionsforthecomputer.

Theuseofacentralclockalsocreatesproblems.Asspeedshaveincreased,distributingthetimingsignalshasbecomemoreandmoredifficult.Present-daytransistorscanprocessdatasoquicklythattheycanaccomplishseveralstepsinthetimethatittakesawiretocarryasignalfromonesideofthechiptotheother.Keepingtherhythmidenticalinallpartsofalargechiprequirescarefultotheother.Keepingtherhythmidenticalinallpartsofalargechiprequirescarefuldesignandagreatdealofelectricalpower.Wouldn’titbenicetohaveanalternative?

OurresearchgroupatSunMicrosystemsLaboratoriesseekssuchalternatives.Alongwithseveralothergroupsworldwide,weareinvestigatingwaystodesigncomputingsystemsinwhicheachpartcanproceedatitsownpaceinsteadofdependingontherhythmofacentralclock.Wecallsuchsystemsasynchronous.Eachpartofanasynchronoussystemmayextendorshortenthetimingofitsstepswhenwalkingacrossroughterrain.

1.Whatdeterminestherhythmofthepersonalcomputer?

2.Whydoestheauthormentionsoundinairinthesecondparagraph?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasadisadvantageoftheuseofacentralclock?

4.Theword“alternative”means（

）.

5.Wecaninferfromthearticlethat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Analarmingclock.

B.Acrystaloscillator.

C.Complexcalculations.

D.Theclock’stimingsignals.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Toillustratethetimingsignalsaredeliveredinasimilarwaysoundtravelsinair.

B.Toshowusthattimingsignals’speedcanbeasfastasthatofsound.

C.Becausethewaveoftimingsignalsissimilartothesoundwave.

D.Becausesoundisdeliveredbytimingsignals.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Distributingthetimingsignalsismoredifficultwhenspeedsarehigher.

B.Ithastotakeawiretocarryasignalfromonesideofthechiptotheother.

C.Carefuldesignisnecessarytokeeptherhythmidenticalinallpartsofalargechip.

D.Agreatdealofelectricalpowerisrequiredtoawholechipsynchronous.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.method

B.substitute

C.answer

D.machine

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thestructureofanasynchronoussystemisdifferentfromthatofasynchronoussystem.

B.thecentralclocksetstherhythmofpartsofanasynchronoussystem

C.eachpartofanasynchronoussystemcanchangetherhythmofthecentralclock.

D.searchingforbetterreplacementforthesynchronoussystemisaninternationalproblem.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Howfastisyourpersonalcomputer?Whenpeopleaskthisquestion,theyaretypicallyreferringtothefrequencyofaminusculeclockinsidethecomputer,acrystaloscillatorthatsetthebasicrhythmusedthroughoutthemachine.你的電腦有多快？當(dāng)人們問(wèn)這個(gè)問(wèn)題時(shí)，他們通常指的是計(jì)算機(jī)內(nèi)部一個(gè)微小時(shí)鐘的頻率，它是一個(gè)晶體振蕩器，設(shè)定了整個(gè)機(jī)器使用的基本節(jié)奏?！庇纱丝芍?，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文句意“在計(jì)算機(jī)的微處理器芯片中，一個(gè)時(shí)鐘分配系統(tǒng)將晶體振蕩器發(fā)出的定時(shí)信號(hào)傳送到各個(gè)電路中，就像鼓聲通過(guò)空氣傳播給士兵，以此來(lái)確定他們行進(jìn)的步伐一樣?！庇纱丝赏茢?，這里提到鼓聲在空氣中傳播是為了說(shuō)明定時(shí)信號(hào)的傳遞和聲音在空氣中傳播的方式是類似的，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Asspeedshaveincreased,distributingthetimingsignalshasbecomemoreandmoredifficult.隨著速度的提高，定時(shí)信號(hào)的分配變得越來(lái)越困難?！边x項(xiàng)A符合原文；根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Keepingtherhythmidenticalinallpartsofalargechiprequirescarefuldesignandagreatdealofelectricalpower.要使一個(gè)大芯片的所有部件都保持相同的節(jié)奏，需要精心的設(shè)計(jì)和大量的電力?！边x項(xiàng)C和D符合原文。選項(xiàng)B是由于速度過(guò)快導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果而不是缺點(diǎn)，所以不正確，本題選B。

4.詞義題。結(jié)合原文內(nèi)容可知，“alternative”意為“替代品”，選項(xiàng)B與之意思相近。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“OurresearchgroupatSunMicrosystemsLaboratoriesseekssuchalternatives.Alongwithseveralothergroupsworldwide,我們?cè)谔?yáng)微系統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)室的研究組正在尋找這樣的替代品。和世界上其他幾個(gè)組織一起...”由此可推斷，尋找更好的同步系統(tǒng)替代品是一個(gè)國(guó)際性問(wèn)題，選項(xiàng)D正確。選項(xiàng)A，B，C均是事實(shí)，不是推導(dǎo)出來(lái)的，所以不符合題意。

18.翻譯題

Directions:Translatethefollowing5underlinedpartsfromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

Governmentsthroughouttheworldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareoftheirpeopledependslargelyontheeconomicstrengthandwealthofthecommunity.（1）Undermodernconditions,thisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcentralizedcontrolandhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts.（2）Furthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.Italsomeansthatgovernmentsareincreasinglycompelledtointerfereinthesesectorsinordertostepupproductionandensurethatitisutilizedtothebestadvantage.Forexample,theymayencourageresearchinvariousways,includingthesettingupoftheirownresearchcenters;theymayalterthestructureofeducation,orinterfereinordertoreducethewastageofnaturalresourcesfortapresourceshithertounexploited;ortheymayco-operatedirectlyinthegrowingnumberofinternationalprojectsrelatedtoscience,economicsandindustry.Inanycase,allsuchinterventionsareheavilydependentonscientificadviceandalsoscientificandtechnologicalmanpowerofallkinds.

（3）Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentinmass-communications,peopleeverywherearefeelingnewwantsandarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas,whilegovernmentsareoftenforcedtointroducestillfurtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.Atthesametime,thenormalrateofsocialchangethroughouttheworldistakingplaceatavastlyacceleratedspeedcomparedwiththepast.Forexample,（4）intheearlyindustrializedcountriesofEuropetheprocessofindustrialization—withallthefar-reachingchangesinsocialpatternsthatfollowed—wasspreadovernearlyacentury,whereasnowadaysadevelopingnationmayundergothesameprocessinadecadeorso.Allthishastheeffectofbuildingupunusualpressuresandtensionswithinthecommunityandconsequentlypresentsseriousproblemsforthegovernmentsconcerned.（5）Additionalsocialstressesmayalsooccurbecauseofthepopulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommassmigrationmovements—themselvesmaderelativelyeasynowadaysbymodernmeansoftransport.Asaresultofallthesefactors,governmentarebecomingincreasinglydependentonbiologistsandsocialscientistsforplanningtheappropriateprogramsandputtingthemintoeffect.

【答案】（1）在現(xiàn)代條件下，這需要各種集中控制的措施，因此需要諸如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和運(yùn)籌學(xué)專家等專業(yè)科學(xué)家的幫助。

（2）此外，顯而易見(jiàn)，一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力與其農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)的效率直接相關(guān)，而這又取決于各種科學(xué)家和技術(shù)人員的努力。

（3）由于大眾通訊的顯著發(fā)展，世界各地的人們都有了新的需求，接觸到新的習(xí)俗和思想，由于上述原因，政府常常不得不引入進(jìn)一步的創(chuàng)新。

（4）在早期實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的歐洲國(guó)家中，其工業(yè)化進(jìn)程以及隨之而來(lái)的各種意義深遠(yuǎn)的社會(huì)形態(tài)變化持續(xù)了近一個(gè)世紀(jì)，而如今一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家可以在十年左右完成同樣的進(jìn)程。

（5）由于人口激增或大規(guī)模人口遷移（現(xiàn)代交通工具使人口大規(guī)模遷移變得相對(duì)容易）引發(fā)的種種問(wèn)題也會(huì)對(duì)社會(huì)造成新的壓力。

19.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Theenergycontainedinrockwithintheearth’scrustrepresentsanearlyunlimitedenergysource,butuntilrecentlycommercialretrievalhasbeenlimitedtoundergroundhotwaterand/orsteamrecoverysystems.Thesesystemshavebeendevelopedinareasofrecentvolcanicactivity,wherehighratesofheatflowcausevisibleeruptionofwaterintheformofgeysersandhotsprings.Inotherareas,however,hotrockalsoexistsnearthesurfacebutthereisinsufficientwaterpresenttoproduceeruptivephenomena.Thusapotentialhotdryrock(HDR)reservoirexistswhenevertheamountofspontaneouslyproducedgeothermalfluidhasbeenjudgedinadequateforexistingcommercialsystems.

Asaresultofrecentenergycrisis,newconceptsforcreatingHDRrecoverysystems—whichinvolvedrillingholesandconnectingthemtoartificialreservoirsplaceddeepwithinthecrust—arebeingdeveloped.InallattemptstoretrieveenergyfromHDR’sartificialstimulationwillberequiredtocreateeithersufficientpermeabilityorboundedflowpathstofacilitatetheremovalofheatbycirculationofafluidoverthesurfaceoftherock.

TheHDRresourcebaseisgenerallydefinedtoincludedcrustalrockthatishotterthan150°C,isatdepthslessthantenkilometersandcanbedrilledwithpresentlyavailableequipment.Althoughwellsdeeperthantenkilometersaretechnicallyfeasible,prevailingeconomicfactorswillobviouslydeterminethecommercialfeasibilityofwellsatsuchdepths.Rocktemperaturesaslowas100°Cmaybeusefulforspaceheating(heatingofspacesespeciallyforhumancomfortbyanymeans(asfuel,electricity,orsolarradiation)withtheheatereitherwithinthespaceorexternaltoit);however,forproducingelectricity,temperaturesgreaterthan200°Caredesirable.

Thegeothermalgradient,whichspecificallydeterminesthedepthofdrillingrequiredtoreachadesiredtemperature,isamajorfactorintherecoverabilityofgeothermalresources.Temperaturegradientmapsgeneratedfromoilandgaswelltemperature-depthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssociationofPetroleumGeologistssuggestthattrappablehigh-temperaturegradientsaredistributedallacrosstheUnitedStates.(Therearemanyareas,however,forwhichnotemperaturegradientrecordsexist.)

IndicationsarethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge.Ifanaveragegeothermaltemperaturegradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepthisused,astaggering13,000,000quadrillionB.T.U.softotalenergyarecalculatedtobecontainedincrustalrocktoaten-kilometerdepthintheUnitedStates.Ifweconservativelyestimatethatonlyabout0.2percentisrecoverable,wefindatotalofallthecoalremainingintheUnitedStates.Theremainingproblemistobalancetheeconomicsofdeeper,hotter,morecostlywellsandshallower,cooler,lessexpensivewellsagainstthevalueofthefinalproduct,electricityand/orheat.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto________.

2.Thepassagewouldbemostlikelytoappearina________.

3.Accordingthepassage,anaveragegeothermalgradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepthcanbeusedto________.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheavailabilityoftemperature-depthrecordsforanyspecificareaintheUnitedStatesdependsprimarilyonthe________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.warntheusersofcoalandoilthatHDR’sarenotaneconomicallyfeasiblealternative

B.alertreaderstotheexistenceofHDR’sasanavailableenergysource

C.encouragetheuseofnewtechniquesfortherecoveryofenergyfromundergroundhotwaterandsteam

D.documentthechallengesthathavebeensurmountedintheefforttorecoverenergyfromHDR

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.technicaljournalarticleconcernedwiththerecoverabilityofnewlyidentifiedenergysources

B.petrologicalresearchreportfocusedonthehistoryoftemperature-depthrecordsintheUnitedStates

C.consumerreportdescribingtheextentandaccessibilityofremainingcoalresources

D.congressionalreporturgingtheconservationofoilandnaturalgasreservesintheUnitedStates

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.providecomparisonsbetweenhotwaterandHDRenergysourcesintheUnitedStates

B.balancetheeconomicsofHDRenergyretrievalagainstthatofundergroundhotwaterorsteamrecoverysystems.

C.revisetheestimatesontheextentofremainingcoalresourcesintheUnitedStates

D.estimatethetotalHDRresourcebaseintheUnitedStates

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.historyofsuccessfulhotwaterorsteamrecoveryeffortsinthatarea

B.possibilitythatHDR’smaybefoundinthatarea

C.failureofinhabitantstoconserveoilorgasreservesinthatarea

D.existenceofpreviousattemptstoobtainoilorgasinthatarea

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。A選項(xiàng)“提醒那些使用煤炭或者石油的人熱干石不是很經(jīng)濟(jì)的替代品”；B選項(xiàng)“提醒讀者熱干石是一個(gè)可用的能源”；C選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)使用新技術(shù)，從地下熱水和蒸汽中回收能量”；D選項(xiàng)“記錄在從HDR中回收能源的努力中已經(jīng)克服的挑戰(zhàn)”。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段第一句Theenergycontainedinrockwithintheearth’scrustrepresentsanearlyunlimitedenergysource,butuntilrecentlycommercialretrievalhasbeenlimitedtoundergroundhotwaterand/orsteamrecoverysystems.（地殼中巖石所含的能量是一種幾乎無(wú)限的能源，但直到最近，商業(yè)回收還僅限于地下熱水和/或蒸汽回收系統(tǒng)。）從這里可以看出HDR是可用資源，雖然還沒(méi)有被開(kāi)發(fā)完全但是潛力巨大，因此答案選B。A、C、D選項(xiàng)文中沒(méi)有提及。

第2題:推理判斷題。題干：這篇文章最可能出現(xiàn)在哪里。A選項(xiàng)“有關(guān)新發(fā)現(xiàn)的能源的可恢復(fù)性的技術(shù)期刊文章”；B選項(xiàng)“集中關(guān)注美國(guó)的溫度——深度記錄的歷史巖石學(xué)研究報(bào)告”；C選項(xiàng)“描述剩余煤炭資源的范圍和可及性的消費(fèi)者報(bào)告”；D選項(xiàng)“一份敦促美國(guó)保護(hù)石油和天然氣儲(chǔ)備的國(guó)會(huì)報(bào)告”。文章都是邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，用詞科學(xué)，所以最可能出現(xiàn)在期刊里。文章的中心內(nèi)容是HDR這種資源只是稍微提及了美國(guó)，所以不選B選項(xiàng)。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：每千米深度的平均地溫梯度為22℃就可以用來(lái)干什么？A選項(xiàng)“用來(lái)比較美國(guó)的熱水和HDR能源”；B選項(xiàng)“平衡HDR能量回收與地下熱水或蒸汽回收系統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益?！?；C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)美國(guó)剩余煤炭資源的估計(jì)”；D選項(xiàng)“估計(jì)美國(guó)HDR資源總量”。根據(jù)題干我們定位到最后一段第二句話Ifanaveragegeothermaltemperaturegradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepthisused,astaggering13,000,000quadrillionB.T.U.softotalenergyarecalculatedtobecontainedincrustalrocktoaten-kilometerdepthintheUnitedStates.（如果使用每千米深度22℃的平均地?zé)釡囟忍荻?，?jì)算出美國(guó)10千米深度的地殼巖石中包含的總能量高達(dá)13000000萬(wàn)億B.T.U）然后再根據(jù)第三段第一句話TheHDRresourcebaseisgenerallydefinedtoincludedcrustalrockthatishotterthan150°C,isatdepthslessthantenkilometersandcanbedrilledwithpresentlyavailableequipment.（HDR資源基礎(chǔ)的定義通常包括溫度高于150°C、深度小于10公里、可以用現(xiàn)有設(shè)備鉆取的地殼巖石。）因此答案選D。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：從文章中可以推斷出，美國(guó)任何一個(gè)特定地區(qū)的溫度——深度記錄的可用性主要取決于什么。A選項(xiàng)“該地區(qū)熱水或蒸汽采收率的成功歷史”；B選項(xiàng)“HDR在那個(gè)區(qū)域被發(fā)現(xiàn)的可能性”；C選項(xiàng)“居民沒(méi)有成功保存那個(gè)地區(qū)的石油或天然氣儲(chǔ)備”；D選項(xiàng)“以前在該地區(qū)曾試圖獲得石油或天然氣”。Temperaturegradientmapsgeneratedfromoilandgaswelltemperature-depthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssociationofPetroleumGeologistssuggestthattrappablehigh-temperaturegradientsaredistributedallacrosstheUnitedStates（根據(jù)美國(guó)石油地質(zhì)學(xué)家協(xié)會(huì)保存的油氣井溫度——深度記錄生成的溫度梯度圖顯示，可圈閉的高溫梯度分布在美國(guó)各地）從這里可知答案選D。

20.單選題

Customersmayalsobepermittedto（

）theircurrentaccountsforashortperiodinanticipationofacredititemcomingin.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.overextend

B.overdraw

C.overvalue

D.overpay

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)overextend“過(guò)分張開(kāi)，過(guò)分?jǐn)U展”；B選項(xiàng)overdraw“透支”；C選項(xiàng)overvalue“對(duì)……估價(jià)過(guò)高，高估”；D選項(xiàng)overpay“付款過(guò)多，多付報(bào)酬”。根據(jù)currentaccounts（往來(lái)賬戶）可知B選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：客戶如預(yù)知有一筆存入款項(xiàng)即將辦理，也可短時(shí)期透支其往來(lái)賬戶。

21.翻譯題

Directions:PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglishWriteyourEnglishversionintheproperspaceonAnswerSheet.

目前，對(duì)待科技發(fā)展存在著相互對(duì)立的兩種思潮；反科學(xué)思潮認(rèn)為，現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的發(fā)展非但沒(méi)有給人類社會(huì)帶來(lái)福音，反而帶來(lái)了災(zāi)難和毀滅；另一種是科技進(jìn)步思潮，他們認(rèn)為人類面臨的環(huán)境污染、生態(tài)失衡、資源枯竭等危機(jī)是科學(xué)發(fā)展過(guò)程中自然而然遇到的問(wèn)題，這些問(wèn)題進(jìn)一步解決的出路恰恰在于繼續(xù)大力發(fā)展科技。上述兩種觀點(diǎn)都有一定的合理性，也都有各執(zhí)一端的片面性，如果從時(shí)代的高度和辯證的觀點(diǎn)看待當(dāng)代科技的發(fā)展時(shí)，我們就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)代科學(xué)技術(shù)所面臨的問(wèn)題并不是去如何認(rèn)識(shí)現(xiàn)代科技進(jìn)步，而是從時(shí)代的需要出發(fā)，設(shè)法找到未來(lái)科技進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的理論根據(jù)所在。

【答案】Atpresent,therearetwooppositetrendsofthoughttothedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.Anti-scienceholdstheviewthatthedevelopmentofmodernsciencehasnotbroughtthegospeltothehumansociety,butbroughtdisasteranddestruction.Theotheristhetrendofscientificandtechnologicalprogress,whoseviewisthatenvironmentalproblemssuchaspollution,ecologicalimbalanceandresourceexhaustionoccurnaturallyintheprocessofscientificdevelopment.ItisbyvigorouslydevelopingscienceandtechnologythattheseproblemscanbefurthersolveD.Bothofthesetwoviewsarereasonableandofone-sidedness.Ifwelookatthedevelopmentofcontemporaryscienceandtechnologyfromtheperspectiveofageanddialectics,wecanfindthattheseproblemsfacedbycontemporaryscienceandtechnologyarenothowtounderstandmodernscientificandtechnologicalprogress,buttrytofindthetheoreticalbasisforthefurtherdevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyinthefuturefromtheneedsofthetimes.

22.單選題

Usingpopularathletestoendorseandpitchcompaniesandtheirproductshasbecomecommonplaceinadvertising.U.S.companiespaidmorethan$1billiontonearly2,000athletesforendorsementdealsandlicensingrightsin1996-atenfoldincreasefromjustadecadeago.Nikealonespendsmorethan$100millionayearonendorsementcontracts.TheaverageathleteontheForbessuper40listoftop-earningathletescommandsaround$250,000ayearforanationalendorsement.SuperstarMichaelJordan,theathletewhomakesthemostfromendorsements,considersonlymultiyeardealsthatpayatleast$10million.Inadditiontotheendorsementfees,companiesspendanother$10billiontoadvertiseandpromotetheirassociationtotheseathletes.

Whilecompaniesareinvestinghugesumsofmoneyintotheconceptthatathletesmakegoodpromoter,theyarealsorecognizingthatchoosingacelebrityendorserisnolongeramatterofpersonaltasteandtop-managementwhimsy.Severalcompanieshavebeenbadlyburnedwhentheirhigh-pricedendorserswereinvolvedinmessyscandalsandcontroversies.HertzCorp,usedO.J.Simpsonasitsspokespersonfor20yearsandlostallofthatequitywhenhewasaccusedofmurderinghisex-wifeandherfriend.Smallercompaniesfaceevengreaterriskswhentheyentrusttheirnameandimagetoanathlete.WhenDallasCowboysfootballstarMichaelIrvinwascaughtinamotelroomwithstrippersanddrugs,13Toyotadealershipsthatpaidhim$120,000todoaseriesofcommercialshadlittlechoicebuttopulltheadsandswallowthe$400,000inproductioncosts.WhenIrvinrefusedtoreturnhispayment,aswellasa$50,000carthedealershipshadlenthim,theysued,thecasesettledoutofcourt.

Riskmanagementhasbecomeamajorconsiderationforcompaniesconsideringusingathletesasendorsers.However,manymarketersarewillingtotakechanceonirreverentorrebelliousathleteswhoseoutlandishbehaviordrawsattentiontothem.Forexample,basketballstarDennisRodmanhasparlayedhisbadimageintoendorsementcontractswithNike,McDonald's,PizzaHut,ComfortInn,andConverse.Rodman’ssponsorsbelieveheappealstotheelusiveGenerationXmarketthatthesecompaniesaretryingtoreach.However,Rodman’santicshavebecometoomuchforsomecompanies.TheCarl’sJr.fast-foodchaintemporarilysuspendeditsrelationshipwithRodmaninearly1997whenhewassuspendedforkickingacourtsidephotographerduringagame.

Mostcompaniesaremovingawayfromcontroversialathletesandlookingforoneswhowillnotjustattractattentionbutenhancetheimageofthecompanyorbrandtheyareendorsing.Theirgoalistoachieveanendorser'shaloeffect-apositiveassociationthatbathestheproductingoodvibesafterapopularsportscelebrityhaspitchedit.Marketershavediscoveredthatthereareanumberof“niceguys”availabletoendorsetheirproducts.AmongthemaretennisstarsPeteSamprasandMichaelChang(whohasemergedasthemostpopularathleteinAsiabyfar),SanFranciscoquarterbackSteveYoung,baseballironmanCalRipkenJr.,LosAngelesLakersbasketballstarShaquilleO’Neal,hockeystarWayneGretzky,andgolferTigerWoods.Evenformerstarswithlikablepersonalitiesandimagesaspositiverolemodelsarestillpopular,includingArnoldPalmer,JoeMontana,JimPalmer,NolanRyan,andChrisEvert,

PerhapsnobodyembodiesthenewbreedofniceguysuperstarbetterthanbasketballstarGrantHill.AnAll-AmericanatDuke,hestayedallfouryearsandgraduatedwithhisclass.Hisfather,Calvin,playedfootballatYaleandwasastarwiththeDallasCowboys.DuringhisfirsttwoyearsintheNBA,HillreceivedmorefanvotesforaspotontheNBAAll-Starteamthananyotherplayer,includingMichaelJordan.

ThebiggestbeneficiaryofGrantHill’snonabrasive,good-humored,All-AmericanimagehasbeenFila,andItaliancompanythatsignedHilltoanendorsementcontractin1994.SincesigningHill,Filahasbecomethethird-largestsneakermakerintheUnitesStates.Salesshotup37percentin1995andanother40percentin1996to$750million.Hill’snamesakeshoetrailsonlyNike’sAirJordansinsale.FilaofficialsreadilyacknowledgethatHill’s“niceguys”imageappealstothecurrentsensibilities