考研考博-英語-四川托普信息技術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川托普信息技術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

交流促進(jìn)發(fā)展。一個(gè)國家、一個(gè)民族，只要不是由于主觀和客觀的種種原因而長期處于孤立、閉塞的狀態(tài)之中，或多或少都可以從交流中得到好處。

事實(shí)上，在現(xiàn)代國家中，絕對(duì)不受外來影響的固有文化是不存在的。一位外國的著名歷史學(xué)家曾經(jīng)寫道：“任何國家的文明，來自外來影響的產(chǎn)物總是多于本國的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造。如果有人要把英國文化中任何受外國影響或來源于外國的東西剔除掉，那么，英國的文化就所剩無幾了?！?/p>

事實(shí)也近乎如此。中國古代的四大發(fā)明曾經(jīng)給古代世界的文化發(fā)展以巨大的推動(dòng)。漢唐文化對(duì)朝鮮、日本等毗鄰國家的文化發(fā)展，更是給予了深刻而又久遠(yuǎn)的影響。同樣，近代和現(xiàn)代西方的許多重要科學(xué)成果，也改變了并繼續(xù)改變著當(dāng)代中國人的生活。

【答案】Actually,inmoderncountries,anintrinsiccultureabsolutelyimmunetoforeigninfluenceisnon-exist.Afamousforeignhistorianoncesaid:“Thecivilizationofanycountryismuchmoretheproductofexternalinfluencesthanofnativeinventions.IfonesubtractedeverythingfromtheEnglishculturethathasforeignrootsorbearssomeforeigninfluence,therewouldbelittleleft.”

Thisisnotfarfrombeingtrue.TheFourGreatInventionsinAncientChinagreatlyadvancedtheancientcivilizationoftheworld.Moresignificantly,theChinesecultureofHanandTangDynastiesexercisedaprofoundandlastinginfluenceonsuchneighboringcountriesasKoreaandJapan.Inthesameway,themajorscientificachievementsofmodernandcontemporaryWesthavechangedandarestillchangingtheChineselifetoday.

2.單選題

Thereisnodoubt______thecompanyhasmadetherightdecisiononthesalesproject.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.why

B.that

C.whether

D.when

【答案】B

【解析】考查同位語從句。doubt后面的that為同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，修飾doubt。doubt引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句中，用否定式時(shí)后面的引導(dǎo)詞只能是that。相反如果doubt引導(dǎo)肯定意義的主從復(fù)合句中，引導(dǎo)詞要用whether。句意：毫無疑問，公司對(duì)銷售項(xiàng)目的決定是正確的。

3.翻譯題

A．TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.(15points)

Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshaveclasses—fiction,biography,poetry—weshouldseparatethemandtakefromeachwhatitisrightthateachshouldgiveus.Yetfewpeopleaskfrombookswhatbookscangiveus.Mostcommonlywecometobookswithblurredanddividedminds,askingoffictionthatitshallbetrue,ofpoetrythatitshallbefalse,ofbiographythatitshallbeflattering,ofhistorythatitshallenforceourownprejudices.Ifwecouldbanishallsuchpreconceptionswhenweread,thatwouldbeanadmirablebeginning.Donotdictatetoyourauthor;Trytobecomehim.Behisfellow-workerandaccomplice.Ifyouhangback,andreserveandcriticizeatfirst,youarepreventingyourselffromgettingthefullestpossiblevaluefromwhatyouread.Butifyouopenyourmindaswidelyaspossible,thesignsandhintsofalmostimperceptiblefineness,fromthetwistandturnofthefirstsentences,willbringyouintothepresenceofahumanbeingunlikeanyother.

B.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoEnglish.(15points)

中國是有著悠久文明的國家。在世界幾大古代文明中，中華文明是沒有中斷、延續(xù)發(fā)展于今的文明，已經(jīng)有5000多年歷史了。我們的祖先在幾千年前創(chuàng)造的文字至今仍在使用。2000多年前，中國就出現(xiàn)了諸子百家的盛況。他們提出的很多理念，至今仍然深深影響著中國人的生活。中國人看待世界、看待社會(huì)、看待人生，有自己獨(dú)特的價(jià)值體系。中國人獨(dú)特而悠久的精神世界，讓中國人具有強(qiáng)大的民族自信心，也培育了以愛國主義為核心的民族精祌。

【答案】SectionA

書既然有類別——小說、傳記、詩歌——我們就應(yīng)該把它們分開，從它們各自給予我們的正確的東西中汲取。然而，很少有人問書能給我們什么。最常見的情況是，我們帶著模糊而分裂的思想來讀書，要求小說是真實(shí)的，要求詩歌是虛假的，要求傳記是奉承的，要求歷史加強(qiáng)我們的偏見。如果我們讀書時(shí)能摒棄所有這些先入之見，那將是一個(gè)極好的開始。不要對(duì)作者指手畫腳，而要盡力與作者融為一體，共同創(chuàng)作，共同策劃。你若敞開心扉，虛懷若谷，那么，書中精細(xì)入微的離意和暗示便會(huì)把你從一開頭就碰上的那些像是山回水轉(zhuǎn)般的句子中帶出來，走到一個(gè)獨(dú)特的人物面前。

SectionB

Chinahasatimehonoredcivilization.Oftheworld’sancientcivilizations,theChinesecivilizationhasspannedover5,000yearsandcontinueduninterruptedtothisday.TheChinesecharacters,inventedbyourancestorsseveralmillenniaago,arestillbeingusedtoday.Over2,000yearago,therewasaneraofgreatintellectualaccomplishmentinChina.ManyimportantideasproposedbythemstillcarryaprofoundimpactonChinesepeople’swayoflifetoday,underpinningtheuniquevaluesystemsintheChineseoutlookoftheworld,ofsociety,andoflifeitself.Andthisuniqueandtimehonoredintellectuallegacy,hasinstilledastrongsenseofnationalconfidenceintheChinesepeople,andnurturedanationalspiritwithpatriotismataverycore.

4.單選題

SinceMr.Whitediedayearago,therehasbeendiscordinthefamilyaboutthedivisionoftheestate.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.distinctions

B.disagreements

C.disadvantages

D.discussions

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.distinctions區(qū)別B.disagreements分歧；爭論

C.disadvantages缺點(diǎn)D.discussions討論

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】分析句子可知，discord是一個(gè)名詞，dis-前綴表示否定的，那么discord可能是一個(gè)貶義詞，由關(guān)鍵信息thedivisionoftheestate（遺產(chǎn)分配問題）綜合理解可推斷，discord是指遺產(chǎn)分配上的分歧或不和，B項(xiàng)詞義與之相近，故該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)不符合劃線單詞詞義。

【句意】自從懷特先生一年前去世以來，家里在遺產(chǎn)分配問題上一直不和。

5.單選題

Angryengineerschallengedthestatisticalsignificanceofthestudy’ssmallsampleandlabeleditsloppyscience.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.careless

B.doubtful

C.invalid

D.worthless

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.careless不仔細(xì)的，粗心的（沒有足夠的關(guān)注和思考）B.doubtful不確定的，懷疑的

C.invalid病弱者D.worthless沒用的，無價(jià)值的

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】sloppy的意思為“馬虎的，草率的（缺乏關(guān)心、思考或努力）”，在這里指研究的樣本太小，這樣的研究非常隨意，欠缺考慮，careless與之詞義相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】憤怒的工程師們質(zhì)疑這項(xiàng)研究中小樣本的統(tǒng)計(jì)意義，并將其貼上草率的標(biāo)簽。

6.單選題

Beforeadrugisapprovedandlaunchedintothemarket,asignificantamountoftimeandmoneyisspentinanefforttoselectthemosteffectiveonefromseveraldrug（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adversaries

B.candidates

C.volunteers

D.manufacturers

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.adversaries對(duì)手；敵人B.candidates候選人；候選者

C.volunteers志愿者D.manufacturers制造商

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】在一種藥物被批準(zhǔn)并投入市場之前，要花費(fèi)大量的時(shí)間和金錢從多種……藥物中選擇最有效的那種。由本句句意可知選擇最有效的，是要從眾多候選、待選的藥物中進(jìn)行選擇，所以B選項(xiàng)“候選人，候選者”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合句意。

【句意】在一種藥物被批準(zhǔn)并投入市場之前，要花大量的時(shí)間和金錢從幾種候選藥物中選擇最有效的一種。

7.單選題

Britain’shopeofagoldmedalintheOlympicGamessuffered（）yesterday,whenHunterfailedtoqualifyduringpreliminarysession.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.asevereset-back

B.sharpset-back

C.asevereblown-up

D.sharpblown-up

【答案】A

【解析】set-back阻礙，停止，為名詞，前面需加冠詞a，排除選項(xiàng)B；blown-up放大的，膨脹的，為形容詞，不用冠詞a修飾，排除選項(xiàng)C。句意：當(dāng)Hunter在預(yù)賽中未能晉級(jí)，英國在奧運(yùn)會(huì)上奪冠的希望昨日遭遇嚴(yán)重挫折。選項(xiàng)A更符合語境。

8.單選題

Ⅱ.(EconomicLaw)

Considerfirstshareholders’votingrights.Asamatteroflawtheseareseverelylimitedinscope,principallytotherighttoelectandremovedirectors.Shareholdershavenorighttoselectthecompany’sCEO;theycannotrequirethecompanytopaythemasinglepennyindividends;theycannotvotetochangeorpreservethecompany’slineofbusiness;theycannotstopdirectorsfromsquanderingrevenuesonemployeeraises,charitablecontributions,orexecutivejets;andtheycannotvotetosellthecompany’sassetsorthecompanyitself(althoughtheymayinsomecasesvotetovetoasaleormergerproposedbytheboard).Therulesofvotingprocedurefurtherlimitexerciseoftheshareholderfranchise.Delawarelaw,forexample,presumesonlydirectorshaveauthoritytocallaspecialshareholders’meeting,andshareholderswhowaitfortheregularlyscheduledannualmeetingtotrytoelectorremovedirectorsusuallymustpaytosolicitproxies.Finallyandperhapsmostsignificantly,inapublicfirmwithwidely-dispersedshareownership,shareholderactivismisapublicgood,andshareholders’own“rationalapathy”raisesanoften-insurmountableobstacletocollectiveaction.AsRobertClarkhasputit,acyniccouldeasilyconcludethatshareholdervotinginapubliccompanyis“amereceremonydesignedtogiveaveneeroflegitimacytomanagerialpower”.

Whataboutshareholders’righttosuecorporateofficersanddirectorsforbreachoffiduciarydutyiftheyfailtomaximizeshareholderwealth?Here,too,shareholders’“rights”turnouttobeillusory.Thefiduciarydutyofloyaltyprecludesofficersanddirectorsfromusingtheircorporatepositionstolinetheirownpockets.Theyremainfree,however,topursueother,nonshareholder-relatedgoalsunderthecomfortingmantleofthebusinessjudgmentrule.AsIhavepointedoutinwritingswithMargaretBlair,courtsconsistentlypermitdirectors“tousecorporatefundsforcharitablepurposes;torejectbusinessstrategiesthatwouldincreaseprofitsattheexpenseofthelocalcommunity;toavoidriskyundertakingsthatwouldbenefitshareholdersatcreditors’expense;andtofendoffahostiletakeoveratapremiumpriceinordertoprotectemployeesorthecommunity”.Contrarytotheshareholderprimacythesis,shareholderscannotrecoveragainstdirectorsorofficersforbreachoffiduciarydutysimplybecausethosedirectorsandofficersfavorstakeholders’interestsovertheshareholders’own.

55.ThefirstparagraphtellsusthefollowingBUT___.

56.Whichofthefollowingsentenceclosestinmeaningwiththeunderlinedsentence?

57.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,whatcanthecompanyofficersdo?

58.Courtshavenotalloweddirectorsofcompaniesto___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Shareholdershavenorighttoelectandremovedirectors

B.Shareholderscanrequirethecompanytopaythemdividends

C.Shareholderscannotchangethelineofbusinessofthecompany

D.Shareholderscannotcallaspecialshareholders’meeting

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Shareholdersinapubliccompanyhavenopoweratall.

B.Someonewantsthemanagerialpowertobelegitimate.

C.Theshareholdervotingisaceremonyforacompany.

D.Shareholders’votinginapubliccompanyhasnosubstantivemeaning.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theycanusetheircorporatepositionforthemselves.

B.Theycanlineupforshareholders.

C.Theycanpursuenonshareholder-relatedgoalsaslongastheythinkitiscorrectinbusiness.

D.Theycancarryoutbusinessstrategiesthatwouldincreaseprofitsattheexpenseofthelocalcommunity.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.usetheircorporatepositionstolinetheirownpockets

B.donatecorporatemoneytochurches

C.rejectaprofit-makingprojectthatwouldpollutetheenvironment

D.refusetosellacompanyfortheinterestoftheneighborhood

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】55.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段Shareholdershavenorighttoselectthecompany’sCEO;theycannotrequirethecompanytopaythemasinglepennyindividends;theycannotvotetochangeorpreservethecompany’slineofbusiness（股東無權(quán)選擇公司的首席執(zhí)行官；他們不能要求公司支付他們一分錢的股息；他們不能投票改變或保留公司的業(yè)務(wù)范圍）可知B選項(xiàng)“股東可以要求公司支付股息”和原文相悖，A選項(xiàng)“股東無權(quán)選舉和罷免董事”和C選項(xiàng)“股東不能改變公司的業(yè)務(wù)”符合原文；第一段Delawarelaw,forexample,presumesonlydirectorshaveauthoritytocallaspecialshareholders’meeting…（例如，特拉華州的法律規(guī)定……）可知D選項(xiàng)“股東不得召開特別股東大會(huì)”符合原文。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

56.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到劃線句子acyniccouldeasilyconcludethatshareholdervotinginapubliccompanyis“amereceremonydesignedtogiveaveneeroflegitimacytomanagerialpower”.（憤世嫉俗者很容易得出這樣的結(jié)論：上市公司的股東投票“不過是一種旨在給管理權(quán)力披上合法性外衣的儀式”），結(jié)合第一段所提到的法律對(duì)于股東權(quán)利的限制可知此處想表達(dá)股東的投票權(quán)沒任何意義，選D選項(xiàng)“上市公司的股東投票沒有實(shí)質(zhì)意義”；根據(jù)第一段可知股東還是有權(quán)利的，但是權(quán)利被限制，A選項(xiàng)“上市公司的股東根本沒有權(quán)力”太過絕對(duì)；B選項(xiàng)“有人希望管理權(quán)力是合法的”和C選項(xiàng)“股東投票是公司的一種儀式”和原文不符，排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

57.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段Theyremainfree,however,topursueother,nonshareholder-relatedgoalsunderthecomfortingmantleofthebusinessjudgmentrule.（然而，在令人欣慰的商業(yè)判斷規(guī)則的外衣下，他們?nèi)匀豢梢宰杂傻刈非笃渌c股東無關(guān)的目標(biāo)）可知選C選項(xiàng)“他們可以追求與股東無關(guān)的目標(biāo)，只要他們認(rèn)為這在商業(yè)上是正確的”；第二段Thefiduciarydutyofloyaltyprecludesofficersanddirectorsfromusingtheircorporatepositionstolinetheirownpockets.（忠誠的受托責(zé)任使高管和董事不能利用他們?cè)诠镜穆毼恢酗査侥遥┛芍狝選項(xiàng)“他們可以利用公司的職位為自己服務(wù)”和原文相悖；B選項(xiàng)“他們可以排隊(duì)等股東”原文未涉及；第二段toavoidriskyundertakingsthatwouldbenefitshareholdersatcreditors’expense;andtofendoffahostiletakeoveratapremiumpriceinordertoprotectemployeesorthecommunity（避免以損害債權(quán)人利益為代價(jià)的有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的承諾；為了保護(hù)員工或社區(qū)，以高價(jià)擊退惡意收購）可知D選項(xiàng)“他們可以以犧牲當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)為代價(jià)來增加利潤”錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

58.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段Thefiduciarydutyofloyaltyprecludesofficersanddirectorsfromusingtheircorporatepositionstolinetheirownpockets.（忠誠的受托責(zé)任使高管和董事不能利用他們?cè)诠镜穆毼恢酗査侥遥┛芍xA選項(xiàng)“利用他們?cè)诠镜牡匚恢酗査侥摇?；第二段courtsconsistentlypermitdirectors“tousecorporatefundsforcharitablepurposes;torejectbusinessstrategiesthatwouldincreaseprofitsattheexpenseofthelocalcommunity;toavoidriskyundertakingsthatwouldbenefitshareholdersatcreditors’expense;andtofendoffahostiletakeoveratapremiumpriceinordertoprotectemployeesorthecommunity”（法院一貫允許董事“將公司資金用于慈善目的；拒絕以犧牲當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)為代價(jià)增加利潤的商業(yè)策略；避免以損害債權(quán)人利益為代價(jià)的有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的承諾；為了保護(hù)員工或社區(qū)，以高價(jià)擊退惡意收購”）可知B選項(xiàng)“把公司的錢捐給教堂”，C選項(xiàng)“拒絕一個(gè)會(huì)污染環(huán)境的盈利項(xiàng)目”以及D選項(xiàng)“拒絕為了社區(qū)的利益出售一家公司”都是法院所允許公司董事做的事，排除。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.翻譯題

Whenitcomestomoney,womenreallyaremoreresponsiblethanmen,withaninternationalsurveyfindingthatthey’relesslikelytogetintodebtandstrivehardertobecomefinanciallyindependent.TheglobalReutersSynovatesurveypolledsome4,500womenin12countriesaboutmoneymatters.Anequalnumberofmenwerealsoaskedseveralquestionsrelatedtofinances.

Thesurveyshowedthatjustoverhalfrespondentsofbothgenderssaidwomenaremoreresponsiblewithmoneythanmen,withthehighestlevelofagreementfoundinMexico,where72percentofpeoplebelievedwomenwerebetterathandlingfinances.Andalthoughmorethan40percentofwomenusepartoftheirmonthlyincometopayoffcreditcards,some70percentoffemalerespondentsalsosaidthathavingmorethanonecreditcardcouldleadtofinancialdebt,revealingwomen’shigherawareness.

“It’sobviouslynotthecarditselfthatcausesanyonetouseit.Sothestatementisreallyaboutcontrolandtemptation,”saidClaireBravennan,internationalmarketresearchfirmSynovate’sseniorvicepresidentofFinancialServicesintheUnitedStates.“Theabilitytospendmore,thatyoudon’thaveinthefirstplace,cancertainlyleadtodebt.Itmeanspeoplehavetocontrolthemselvesandtheirspouses,”sheadded.Morewomenbelievedintheirfinancialabilitythanmen,with61percentsayingtheyweremoreresponsible,whileonly40percentofmenagreed.Butnearlyhalfthewomensurveyedalsoconcededthattheywerebiggerspendersthantheirmalecounterparts,withnearly60percentofmenagreeing.

ThesurveywasconductedinDecemberinAustralia,Brazil,Bulgaria,Canada,France,Indonesia,Malaysia,Mexico,theNetherlands,SouthAfrica,Britain,andtheUnitedStates.

【答案】談到錢的問題，女性比男性更有責(zé)任感。一項(xiàng)國際調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，女性不太可能陷入債務(wù)，更加努力實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立。路透思緯全球調(diào)查對(duì)12個(gè)國家的近4500名女性進(jìn)行了有關(guān)金錢問題的調(diào)查。同樣數(shù)量的男性也被問及幾個(gè)有關(guān)理財(cái)方面的問題。

調(diào)查顯示，男女受訪者都有超過一半人表示女性在金錢方面比男性更負(fù)責(zé)任。在墨西哥，這一比例最高，72%的人認(rèn)為女性更善于理財(cái)。盡管超過40%的女性用她們?cè)率杖氲囊徊糠謥磉€信用卡，但是約70%的女性受訪者表示，擁有多張信用卡會(huì)導(dǎo)致負(fù)債，這表明女性的財(cái)務(wù)負(fù)債意識(shí)更強(qiáng)。

國際市場研究公司思緯美國金融服務(wù)高級(jí)副總裁克萊爾說：“很明顯，并不是卡本身的原因，所以這實(shí)際上是關(guān)乎控制和誘惑的問題?！彼硎荆骸斑^度消費(fèi)肯定會(huì)導(dǎo)致債務(wù)，這意味著人們必須控制自己和配偶的消費(fèi)欲望?！迸c男性相比，女性更相信自己的經(jīng)濟(jì)能力，61%的女性說她們更有責(zé)任感，而只有40%的男性在經(jīng)濟(jì)方面有這樣的信心。但近一半的受訪女性也承認(rèn)，她們比男性更愛花錢，近60%的男性表示同意。

這項(xiàng)調(diào)查于去年12月在澳大利亞、巴西、保加利亞、加拿大、法國、印度尼西亞、馬來西亞、墨西哥、荷蘭、南非、英國和美國進(jìn)行。

10.單選題

Thesupplyofelectricpowertothecityanditsneighboringdistrictshashadtobe______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.weakened

B.minimized

C.restricted

D.slowed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)weaken“減少，使變?nèi)酢?，B項(xiàng)minimize“使減到最少，小看”，C項(xiàng)restrict“限制，約束”，D項(xiàng)slow“變慢，阻礙”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Thesupplyofelectricpower“電力供應(yīng)”可知，空格部分表示“限制”更符合語境。句意：這個(gè)城市及其鄰近地區(qū)的電力供應(yīng)不得不受到限制。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Thetwocountrieshave（）friendlyrelationsformanyyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.retained

B.sustained

C.maintained

D.remained

【答案】C

【解析】句意:這兩個(gè)國家多年來保持著友好關(guān)系。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式。Retain持有,保留;sustain維持(生命、生存),使穩(wěn)定持續(xù),遭受;maintain維持,保持,維修;remain仍然是,保持不變,剩余,遺留,續(xù)存在。因此C符合句意。

12.單選題

SOMETHINGABOUTNAPLESjustseemsmadeforcomedy.Thenamealoneconjuresuppizza,andlovable,incorrigibleinnocentswarbling“OSoleMio”;anuttylittlecorneroftheworldwheretheidrunswildandtheonlyanswertothequestion“Why?”appearstobe“Whynot?”

Naples:thebutter-side-downofItaliancities,whereeventhetruthhasastrangelyfictitioustinge.Onedayacarrear-endedoneofthecity’sminibuses.Thebusdrivergotouttoinvestigate.Whilehestoodtheretalking,hisonlypassengertookthewheelanddroveoff.Neitherpassengernorbuswaseverseenagain.

Thentherewasthatbusylunchhourinthecentralpostofficewhenacrackintheceilingopenedandpostalworkerswereoverwhelmedbyanavalancheofstalecroissants.Asthecleanershauledawaygarbagebagsofmoldybreakfastrolls,thequestionsremained:Who?Why?Andwhatelsecouldstillbeupthere?

ButNaplesactuallyisn’tsofunny.Italy’sthirdlargestcity,with1.1millionpeople,hasamuchdarkerside,wherechaosreigns:bagsnatchingandmugging,cloggedstreetsofstupefyingconfusion,wheretrafficmovestomysteriouslawsofitsownthroughmultipleintersectionswhosetrafficlightshaven’tfunctionedformonths,maybeyears—iftheyhavelightsatall.Packsofwilddogsroamthecity’smainpark.Nineteenpolicemenontheanti-narcoticssquadarearrestedforacceptingpayoffsfromtheCamorra,thelocalMafia.

TomanyItalians,particularlythoseinthewealthy,industrializednorth,noneofthisissurprising.TothemNaplesmeanspoliticalcorruption,wastedfederalsubsidies,rampantorganizedcrime,appallinglylargefamilies,andcunning,lazypeoplewhoprefertodosomethingshadyratherthanhonestwork.

Neapolitansknowtheirreputation.“Peoplethinknothingevergetsdonehere,”saidayoungprofessionalwoman.Sometimestheysay,“SurelyyoucomefromMilan.YoucomefromNaples?”

GiovannidelForno,aninsuranceexecutive,toldmeabouthisflighthomefromanorthernItaliancity,theplanewaitedonthetarmacforhalfanhourforagatetobecomeavailable.“AndIbegantohearthecommentsaroundme:“Well,hereweareinNaples,”hesaidwithawince.“Thesecommentsmakemesuffer.”

Neapolitansmaycomplain,butmostcan’tconceiveoflivinganywhereelse.Thecityhastheintimacy,tension,andcrazinessofalargebutintenselydevotedfamily.ThepeoplehavethesameperverseprideasNewYorkers.Theyloveeventhethingsthatdon’twork,andtheylovebeingNeapolitans.Theyknowoutsidersdon’tgetit,andtheydon’tcare.“Evenifyougoaway”,onewomansaid,“youremainaprisonerofthiscity.Mycityhasmanyproblems,butawayfromitIfeelbad.”

Thisisacityinwhichlivingonthebrinkofcollapseisnormal.Napleshassurvivedwars,revolutions,floods,earthquakes,anderuptionsofnearbyVesuvius.FirstawealthycolonyfoundedbytheGreeks(whocalleditNeapolis,or“newcity”),thenaflourishingRomanresort,itlivedthroughvariousincarnationsunderdynastiesofNormans,Swabians,Austrians,Spanish,andFrench,nottomentionagloriousperiodastheresplendentcapitaloftheKingdomoftheTwoSicilies.

Itwasabrilliant,cultivatedcitythatoncerankedwithLondonandParis.TheNunziatella,theoldestmilitaryschoolinItaly,stillbasksinitstwocenturiesofhistoricglory;theTeatroSanCarloremainsoneofthegreatestoperahousesintheworld.ThetreasuresofPompeiigracetheNationalMuseum.StretchedluxuriantlybetweenmountainsandseaalongthecurvingcoastoftheBayofNaples,fullofornatepalaces,gardens,churches,andworksofart,withitsmildclimateandrichfolklore,Naplesinthelastcenturywasbelovedbyartistsandwriters.Themostfamousresponsetothismagnificencewasthecommentbyanunknownadmirer,“SeeNaplesanddie.”

Todaythatremarkcarrieslesspoeticconnotations.ThebombardmentsofWorldWarIIwerefollowedbythedepredationsofprofiteersandpoliticians-for-rentwhoreducedthecitytoademoralizedshadowofitself,survivingongovernmenthandouts.Untilfiveyearsagocitygovernmentswerecobbledtogetherbywarringpoliticalfactions;somemayorslastedonlyafewmonths.Acholeraoutbreakin1973wasfollowedin1980byamajorearthquake.Itsfamousporthaswithered(thoughtheU.S.SixthFleetcommandisstillbasedjustupthecoast),industrieshavefailed,touristshavefled,nativeshavemovedout—itseemsthatonlydrugtraffickingisbooming.“Unlivable,”theNeapolitanssay,“Incomprehensible”,“Martyred”.

1.Thetwoexamplesinthesecondandthirdparagraphsintendtoshowthat______.

2.ItcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheNortherners______.

3.TheauthorimpliesthatNeapolitans’affectionforthecity______.

4.Whentheauthorsays“Todaythatremarkcarrieslesspoeticconnotations,”heactuallymeansthat______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Napleshasahighincidenceoftrafficaccidents

B.anythingextraordinarycanhappeninNaples

C.peopletherelovetostorefoodforyears

D.everythingappearstobeonthewrongside

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.arecriticalofwhatNaplesrepresents

B.sympathizewithNeapolitans

C.sharemanythingswithNeapolitans

D.makeeveryefforttoshunNeapolitans

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.wasunrealistic

B.wentabittoofar

C.wasextraordinary

D.gaverisetoconcern

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thecitycannowboastveryfewpoets

B.artistsandwritershaveleftforLondonandParis

C.thecityunderwentheavybombingduringtheWar

D.Thecity’spresentproblemsobscureditsgloriouspast

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“第二段和第三段中的兩個(gè)例子旨在說明……”。第二段首句提到Naples:thebutter-side-downofItaliancities,whereeventhetruthhasastrangelyfictitioustinge.（那不勒斯：意大利糟糕的城市，在那里甚至連真相都有一種奇怪的虛構(gòu)色彩），接著第二段和第三段舉出了兩個(gè)例子：一個(gè)是Onedayacarrear-endedoneofthecity’sminibuses.Thebusdrivergotouttoinvestigate.Whilehestoodtheretalking,hisonlypassengertookthewheelanddroveoff.（一輛小汽車與一輛城市小型公共汽車追尾。公共汽車司機(jī)下車去調(diào)查。當(dāng)他站在那里說話時(shí)，他唯一的乘客拿起方向盤開走了）；另外一個(gè)是Thentherewasthatbusylunchhourinthecentralpostofficewhenacrackintheceilingopenedandpostalworkerswereoverwhelmedbyanavalancheofstalecroissants.Asthecleanershauledawaygarbagebagsofmoldybreakfastrolls,thequestionsremained:Who?Why?Andwhatelsecouldstillbeupthere?（在中央郵局忙碌的午餐時(shí)間，天花板上的一條裂縫裂開了，郵政工人被一大堆過期的羊角面包壓得喘不過氣來。當(dāng)清潔工把裝著發(fā)霉的早餐面包卷的垃圾袋拖走時(shí)，問題來了：是誰？為什么？那上面還可能有什么？），從這兩個(gè)例子可以推知，那不勒斯這個(gè)城市的糟糕的狀況，故D項(xiàng)“一切似乎都是錯(cuò)位的”符合題意；A項(xiàng)“那不勒斯的交通事故發(fā)生率很高”和C項(xiàng)“那里的人們喜歡把食物儲(chǔ)存多年”只是例子；B項(xiàng)“在那不勒斯，任何不尋常的事情都可能發(fā)生”表示不夠準(zhǔn)確，這些事情并不是不尋常的，而是糟糕的。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從文章中可以得出結(jié)論，北方人……”。根據(jù)文章的第五段TomanyItalians,particularlythoseinthewealthy,industrializednorth,noneofthisissurprising.TothemNaplesmeanspoliticalcorruption,wastedfederalsubsidies,rampantorganizedcrime,appallinglylargefamilies,andcunning,lazypeoplewhoprefertodosomethingshadyratherthanhonestwork.（對(duì)許多意大利人來說，尤其是那些生活在富裕、工業(yè)化的北方的意大利人來說，這一切都不足為奇。對(duì)他們來說，那不勒斯意味著政治上的腐敗，浪費(fèi)的聯(lián)邦補(bǔ)貼，猖獗的有組織犯罪，可怕的大家庭，以及狡詐、懶惰的人們，他們寧愿做一些陰暗的事情也不愿做誠實(shí)的工作。）可知，北方的意大利人對(duì)那不勒斯是批判的態(tài)度，A項(xiàng)“對(duì)那不勒斯所代表的東西持批評(píng)態(tài)度”正確；由此也可知B項(xiàng)“同情那不勒斯人”和C項(xiàng)“和那不勒斯人有很多共同點(diǎn)”不正確；D項(xiàng)“盡量避開那不勒斯人”，文章在此處主要是表達(dá)意大利的北方人對(duì)那不勒斯的批判，并不能推斷出他們想盡量避開那不勒斯人。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者暗示那不勒斯人對(duì)城市的感情……”。根據(jù)文章的第八段Neapolitansmaycomplain,butmostcan’tconceiveoflivinganywhereelse.Thecityhastheintimacy,tension,andcrazinessofalargebutintenselydevotedfamily.ThepeoplehavethesameperverseprideasNewYorkers.Theyloveeventhethingsthatdon’twork,andtheylovebeingNeapolitans.Theyknowoutsidersdon’tgetit,andtheydon’tcare.“Evenifyougoaway”,onewomansaid,“youremainaprisonerofthiscity.Mycityhasmanyproblems,butawayfromitIfeelbad.”（那不勒斯人可能會(huì)抱怨，但大多數(shù)人無法想象住在其他地方。這個(gè)城市有一個(gè)大家庭的親密、緊張和瘋狂，但卻有著強(qiáng)烈的奉獻(xiàn)精神。這里的人和紐約人一樣，有一種偏執(zhí)的自豪感。他們愛那些即使壞了的食物，他們喜歡做那不勒斯人。他們知道外人不懂，他們不在乎。一個(gè)女人說：“即使你走了，你仍然是這座城市的囚犯。我的城市有很多問題，但離開它我感覺很糟糕?！保┛梢酝茢喑?，在此處作者暗示那不勒斯人對(duì)他們城市的感情是特別的，是非凡的，C項(xiàng)“是非凡的”正確；由此也可知，A項(xiàng)“是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的”和D項(xiàng)“引起關(guān)注”不正確；B項(xiàng)“有點(diǎn)太過了”是干擾項(xiàng)，根據(jù)該段那不勒斯人對(duì)自己城市的描述可以知道這種情感并不顯得很夸張。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“當(dāng)作者說‘如今，那些評(píng)價(jià)就沒有那么有詩意了’時(shí)，他實(shí)際上的意思是……”。文章倒數(shù)第二段講述了那不勒斯這個(gè)城市過去的輝煌和教養(yǎng)，接著最后一段第一句作者就說Todaythatremarkcarrieslesspoeticconnotations.（如今，那些評(píng)價(jià)就沒有那么有詩意了），接著就講到了那不勒斯屢屢遭受災(zāi)難和不堪的現(xiàn)狀，由此可以推知，作者說這一句話的意思是那不勒斯如今的問題已經(jīng)使得過去的輝煌暗淡模糊，D項(xiàng)“這個(gè)城市目前的問題使它輝煌的過去痕跡模糊”正確；A項(xiàng)“這個(gè)城市現(xiàn)在可以夸耀的詩人很少了”，最后兩段沒有提到詩人；B項(xiàng)“藝術(shù)家和作家都去了倫敦和巴黎”沒有提到；C項(xiàng)“這座城市在戰(zhàn)爭期間遭受了猛烈的轟炸”這只是那不勒斯如今的問題使得過去的輝煌痕跡模糊的原因之一。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Thereisnotverymuchexperimentaldata

adecisionbetweenthetwopossibilities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichtobebasedon

B.whichbebaseupon

C.uponwhichtobase

D.towhichtobebased

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語從句。baseon/upon表示基于，介詞應(yīng)改放在which的前面，所以只有選項(xiàng)C正確。

14.單選題

Therearemanyarguments（）smokinginpublicplaces.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.from

C.against

D.towards

【答案】A

【解析】考查介詞辨析。句意：許多人反對(duì)在公共場所吸煙。

15.單選題

Isuggestweputtheschemeintoeffect,foritisquite____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eligible

B.sustainable

C.probable

D.feasible

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.eligible有資格的；合格的B.sustainable（對(duì)自然資源和能源的利用）不破壞生態(tài)平衡的;合理利用的

C.probable很可能發(fā)生（或存在）的D.feasible可行的；行得通的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：我建議我們把這個(gè)計(jì)劃付諸實(shí)施，因?yàn)樗喈?dāng)……。根據(jù)邏輯，前面講建議計(jì)劃付諸于現(xiàn)實(shí)，那么可知這個(gè)計(jì)劃應(yīng)該是可行的所以才要實(shí)施該計(jì)劃。因此選D。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】我建議實(shí)施這個(gè)計(jì)劃，因?yàn)樗窍喈?dāng)可行的。

16.單選題

WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesinWorldWarⅡandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe“greatgame”ofespionage—spyingasa“profession”.ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan’svocationaswell.

Thelatestrevolutionisn’tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingothergentlemen’se-mail.Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.Inthepastthreeorfouryears,theWorldWideWebhasgivenbirthtoawholeindustryofpoint-and-clickspying.Thespooks(間諜)callit“open-sourceintelligence”,andastheNetgrows,itisbecomingincreasinglyinfluential.In1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethemostdataaboutBurundi.Thewinner,byalargemargin,wasatinyVirginiacompanycalledOpenSourceSolutions,whoseclearadvantagewasitsmasteryoftheelectronicworld.

AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthisnewworldisStraitford,Inc.,aprivateintelligence-analysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.Straitfordmakesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspying(coveringnationsfromChiletoRussia)tocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational.Manyofitspredictionsareavailableonlineatwww.S.

StraitfordpresidentGeorgeFriedmansaysheseestheonlineworldasakindofmutuallyreinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollectionanddistribution,aspymaster’sdream.LastweekhisfirmwasbusyvacuumingupdatabitsfromthefarcornersoftheworldandpredictingacrisisinUkraine.“Assoonasthatreportruns,we’llsuddenlyget500newInternetsign-upsfromUkraine,”saysFriedman,aformerpoliticalscienceprofessor.“Andwe’llhearbackfromsomeofthem.”O(jiān)pen-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisks,ofcourse,sinceitcanbedifficulttotellgoodinformationfrombad.That’swhereStraitfordearnsitskeep.

FriedmanreliesonaleanStaffof20inAustin.Severalofhisstaffmembershavemilitary-intelligencebackgrounds.Heseesthefirm’soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess.Straitford’sbriefsdon’tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarationsonthechancetheymightbewrong.Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.

1.TheemergenceoftheNethas______.

2.Donovan’sstoryismentionedinthetextto______.

3.Thephrase“makingthebiggestsplash”(line1,paragraph3)mostprobablymeans______.

4.Itcan