考研考博-英語-天津機電職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津機電職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChineseandwriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

1.Andgivingshouldbestrategicphilanthropyshouldnotsimplyrespondtoneedsbutshouldlookforinvestmentopportunitiesthatyieldsignificancereturns.

2.Whatremainspertinentisthereport’svisionoftheroleofgovernmentinresearch,includinghisassertionthatthefederalgovernmenthadboththeauthorityandtheobligationtosupportbasicresearch.

3.Thisneedisenshrinedintheconceptofsustainabledevelopment,whichmeansthatwemust,forthebenefitofcominggenerations,leaveenoughenvironmentalspacesothatthesegenerationswillbeabletoaddresstheirneedsandfulfilltheiraspirations.

4.ThethreatoftheColdWarwasaprimedrivingforceleadingtotheexpansionofU.S.science,nationallabsandacademicinstitutions.

5.Itisworthnotingthatpreventivemeasuresinvolvingsmokinganddietareconvenientlysimilarforcancerandheartdisease;oneexceptionisalcoholariskfactorfortheformer,apreventiveforthelater.

【答案】1.捐贈也應講策略——慈善事業(yè)應該不單是應人之需，而應該覓尋投資機會，以求產(chǎn)生可觀的回報。

2.該報告對政府在研究中所扮演的角色的看法仍然中肯，包括他的主張，即聯(lián)邦政府既有權(quán)力也有義務支持基礎(chǔ)研究。

3.這種需要體現(xiàn)在可持續(xù)發(fā)展的概念中，這意味著為了后代的利益，我們必須留下足夠的環(huán)境空間，以滿足他們的需要，施展抱負。

4.冷戰(zhàn)的威脅曾是一個主要的驅(qū)動力，它導致了美國科學、國家實驗室以及學術(shù)機構(gòu)團體的擴張。

5.值得注意的是，癌癥和心臟病的預防措施與吸煙和飲食很相似;一個例外是酒精——癌癥的危險因子，但卻是心臟病的預防因子。

2.翻譯題

Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternational

marketplace.Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthe

membersofagivensocietyisconstantlyshapedbyasetofdynamicvariable

language,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,aesthetics,

technology,education,andsocialinstitutions.Tocopewiththissystem,an

internationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.

Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearnedanditsinterpretation

comesonlythroughexperience.

——onehasto

liveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwith

culturaldiversity.Oneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaround,

followingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald's.Insomecases,globalizationisa

factoflife;however,culturaldifferencesarestillfarfromconverging.

Theotherschoolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusiness

approachestoindividualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineach

countryhasbeencomparedtoanorgantransplant,thecriticalquestioncenters

aroundacceptanceorrejection.Themajorchallengetotheinternational

manageristomakesurethatrejectionisnotaresultofculturalmyopiaoreven

blindness.

【答案】文化是國際市場中最具挑戰(zhàn)性的因素之一。特定社會成員的這種習得行為模式系統(tǒng)是由一系列動態(tài)變化的語言、宗教、價值觀和習俗、美學、技術(shù)、教育和社會制度不斷塑造而成的。為了應對這個系統(tǒng)，國際經(jīng)理需要真實的文化和用于解釋文化的知識。在某種程度上，事實知識可以習得，而文化的解釋只能來源于經(jīng)驗。

在處理文化環(huán)境的問題時，最復雜的問題是來自于一個人無法學到文化——他必須置身其中。商業(yè)世界中存在著兩種關(guān)于如何處理文化多樣性的思想流派。一種是認為全世界的商業(yè)都是公事公辦，像百事和麥當勞一樣。在某些情況下，全球化是無法改變的事實，然而，文化差異還遠沒有融合。

另一種觀點認為，企業(yè)必須根據(jù)不同的文化來調(diào)整經(jīng)營模式。在每個國家制定政策和程序被比作器官移植，關(guān)鍵問題在于接受與否。國際經(jīng)理面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)是確保拒絕接受不是文化近視甚至眼盲的結(jié)果。

3.填空題

MakingEveryDropCount

AThehistoryofhumancivilizationisentwinedwiththehistoryofthewayswehavelearnedtomanipulatewaterresources.Astownsgraduallyexpanded,waterwasbroughtfromincreasinglyremotesources,leadingtosophisticatedengineeringeffortssuchasdamsandaqueducts.AttheheightoftheRomanEmpire,ninemajorsystems,withaninnovativelayoutofpipesandwell-builtsewers,suppliedtheoccupantsofRomewithasmuchwaterperpersonasisprovidedinmanypartsoftheindustrialworldtoday.

BDuringtheindustrialrevolutionandpopulationexplosionofthe19thand20thcenturies,thedemandforwaterrosedramatically.Unprecedentedconstructionoftensofthousandsofmonumentalengineeringprojectsdesignedtocontrolfloods,protectcleanwatersupplies,andprovidewaterforirrigationandhydropowerbroughtgreatbenefitstohundredsofmillionsofpeople.Foodproductionhaskeptpacewithsoaringpopulationsmainlybecauseoftheexpansionofartificialirrigationsystemsthatmakepossiblethegrowthof40%oftheworld’sfood.Nearlyonefifthofalltheelectricitygeneratedworldwideisproducedbyturbinesspunbythepoweroffallingwater.

CYetthereisadarksidetothispicture,despiteourprogress,halfoftheworld’spopulationsstillsuffers,withwaterservicesinferiortothoseavailabletotheancientGreeksandRomans.AstheUnitedNationsreportonaccesstowaterreiteratedinNovember2001,morethanonebillionpeoplelackaccesstocleandrinkingwater,sometwoandahalfbilliondonothaveadequatesanitationservices.Preventablewater-relateddiseaseskillanestimated10,000to20,0000childreneveryday,andthelatestevidencesuggeststhatwearefallingbehindineffortstosolvetheseproblems.

DTheconsequencesofourwaterpoliciesextendbeyondjeopardizinghumanhealth.Tensofmillionsofpeoplehavebeenforcedtomovefromtheirhomes—oftenwithlittlewarningorcompensation—tomakewayforthereservoirsbehinddams.Morethan20%ofallfreshwaterfishspeciesarenowthreatenedorendangeredbecausedamsandwaterwithdrawalshavedestroyedthefree-flowingriverecosystemswheretheythrive.Certainirrigationpracticesdegradesoilqualityandreduceagriculturalproductivity.GroundwateraquifersarebeingpumpeddownfasterthantheyarenaturallyreplenishedinpartsofIndia,China,theUSAandelsewhere.Anddisputesoversharedwaterresourceshaveledtoviolenceandcontinuetoraiselocal,nationalandeveninternationaltensions.

EAttheoutsetofthenewmillennium,however,thewayresourceplannersthinkaboutwaterisbeginningtochange.Thefocusisslowlyshiftingbacktotheprovisionofbasichumanandenvironmentalneedsastoppriorityensuring‘someforall’，insteadof‘moreforsome’.Somewaterexpertsarenowdemandingthatexistinginfrastructurebeusedinsmarterwaysratherthanbuildingnewfacilities,whichisincreasinglyconsideredtheoptionoflast,notfirst,resort.Thisshiftinphilosophyhasnotbeenuniversallyaccepted,anditcomeswithstrongoppositionformsomeestablishedwaterorganizations.Nevertheless,itmaybetheonlywaytoaddresssuccessfullythepressingproblemsofprovidingeveryonewithcleanwatertodrink,adequatewatertogrowfoodandalifefreefrompreventablewater-relatedillness.

FFortunately—andunexpectedly—thedemandforwaterisnotrisingasrapidlyassomepredicted.Asaresult,thepressuretobuildnewwaterinfrastructureshasdiminishedoverthepasttwodecades.Althoughpopulation,industrialoutputandeconomicproductivityhavecontinuedtosoarindevelopednations,therateatwhichpeoplewithdrawwaterfromaquifers,riversandlakeshasslowed.Andinafewpartsoftheworld,demandhasactuallyfallen.

GWhatexplainsthisremarkableturnofevents?Twofactors:peoplehavefiguredouthowtousewatermoreefficiently,andcommunitiesarerethinkingtheirprioritiesforwateruse.Throughoutthefirstthree-quartersofthe20thcentury,thequantityoffreshwaterconsumedperpersondoubledonaverage;intheUSA，waterwithdrawalsincreasedtenfoldwhilethepopulationquadrupled.Butsince1980,theamountofwaterconsumedperpersonhasactuallydecreased,thankstoarangeofnewtechnologiesthathelptoconservewaterinhomesandindustry.In1965,forinstance,Japanusedapproximately13milliongallonsofwatertoproduce$1millionofcommercialoutput;by1989thishaddroppedto3.5milliongallons(evenaccountingforinflation)—almostaquadruplingofwaterproductivity.IntheUSA,waterwithdrawalshavefallenbymorethan20%fromtheirpeakin1980.

HOntheotherhand,dams,aqueductsandotherkindsofinfrastructurewillstillhavetobebuilt,particularlyindevelopingcountrieswherebasichumanneedshavenotbeenmet.Butsuchprojectsmustbebuilttohigherspecificationsandwithmoreaccountabilitytolocalpeopleandtheirenvironmentthaninthepast.Andeveninregionswherenewprojectsseemwarranted,wemustfindwaystomeetdemandswithfewerresources,respectingecologicalcriteriaandtoasmallerbudget.

【答案】1.xi

2.vii

3.v

4.i

5.ix

6.ii

7.x

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第一段，“Thehistoryofhumancivilizationisentwinedwiththehistoryofthewayswehavelearnedtomanipulatewaterresources.”，人類文明史與我們學會如何運用水資源的歷史交織在一起。第一段最后列舉了羅馬帝國時期對水資源的控制，建立了發(fā)達的水利系統(tǒng)，給羅馬人提供了充足的水?？膳袛喑鯝段的主要內(nèi)容為古代的供水系統(tǒng)。選項xi符合題意。

2.根據(jù)文章第三段，“morethanonebillionpeoplelackaccesstocleandrinkingwater,sometwoandahalfbilliondonothaveadequatesanitationservices.Preventablewater-relateddiseaseskillanestimated10,000to20,0000childreneveryday”，超過10億人缺乏干凈的飲用水，約25億人沒有足夠的衛(wèi)生凈水設備。據(jù)估計，每天1萬至2萬名兒童死于與水有關(guān)的可預防疾病。可判斷出C段的主要內(nèi)容為水和健康之間的關(guān)聯(lián)。選項vii符合題意。

3.根據(jù)文章第四段，“Morethan20%ofallfreshwaterfishspeciesarenowthreatenedorendangeredbecausedamsandwaterwithdrawalshavedestroyedthefree-flowingriverecosystemswheretheythrive.”，超過20%的淡水魚物種現(xiàn)在受到威脅或瀕臨滅絕，因為大壩和取水破壞了它們賴以生存的自由流動的河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。本段還列舉了更多因為修建水利系統(tǒng)而帶來的環(huán)境影響，可判斷D段的主要內(nèi)容為環(huán)境問題。選項v符合題意。

4.根據(jù)文章第五段，“Somewaterexpertsarenowdemandingthatexistinginfrastructurebeusedinsmarterwaysratherthanbuildingnewfacilities”，一些水資源專家現(xiàn)在要求以更明智的方式使用現(xiàn)有的基礎(chǔ)設施，而不是建設新的設施，下文繼續(xù)強調(diào)了專家們在觀念上和措施上提出的轉(zhuǎn)變。可判斷出E段的主要內(nèi)容為科學家們呼吁對政策進行改變。選項i符合題意。

5.根據(jù)文章第六段，“Fortunately—andunexpectedly—thedemandforwaterisnotrisingasrapidlyassomepredicted…inafewpartsoftheworld,demandhasactuallyfallen.”，出乎意料的是，對水的需求并沒有像一些人預測的那樣迅速增長。在世界上的一些地方，對水的需求實際上已經(jīng)下降?？膳袛喑鯢段主要提到了人們對水的需求出現(xiàn)了令人驚訝的下降趨勢。選項ix符合題意。

6.根據(jù)文章第七段，“Whatexplainsthisremarkableturnofevents?Twofactors:peoplehavefiguredouthowtousewatermoreefficiently,andcommunitiesarerethinkingtheirprioritiesforwateruse.”，如何解釋對水資源的需求下降（上一段已提及）的這一顯著的轉(zhuǎn)變？兩個因素：人們已經(jīng)知道如何更有效地用水，并且正在重新考慮他們用水的優(yōu)先次序?？膳袛喑鯣段主要對上一段提到的水資源需求下降的解釋。選項ii符合題意。

7.根據(jù)文章第八段，“Butsuchprojectsmustbebuilttohigherspecificationsandwithmoreaccountabilitytolocalpeopleandtheirenvironmentthaninthepast.”，與過去相比，這些項目必須按照更高的標準建造，必須考慮到當?shù)鼐用窦捌洵h(huán)境影響。可判斷出人們對水資源基礎(chǔ)設施的建設提出了更高的標準。選項x符合題意。

4.單選題

Althoughitwashisfirstexperienceaschairman:he（

）overthemeetingwithgreatskill.

問題1選項

A.presided

B.administered

C.mastered

D.executed

【答案】A

【解析】考察固定搭配。presideover“主持”。選項A符合題意。

5.單選題

IX.ForensicAppraisal

ManycriminalprocedurescholarswhovaguelyfollowedtheKingcasehadahardtimeunderstandingwhatthefusswasabout.Theirpositionmightbesummedupbythemajority’sassertionthat“DNAidentificationisanadvancedtechniquesuperiortofingerprintinginmanyways,somuchsothattoinsistonfingerprintsasthenormwouldmakelittlesensetoeithertheforensicexpertoralayperson.”ConsideringthattheFBIdatabasecontainsover100millionsetsoffingerprints,andthatitprocessedmorethan61millionten-printsubmissionsin2010alone,thisequationofDNAidentificationwithfingerprinttechnologysuggestsabrightfutureforlawenforcement’sDNAcollectionpractices.Sowhatdifferencewoulditmakeifpolicehadmillionpeople’sgenetic,ratherthanbiometric,material?

ThisPartaddressesthreemisconceptionsaboutforensicDNAtypingthatpermeatetheKingopinion:first,thatDNAtypingwillonlybeofconcerntocriminals;second,thatthepolicewillnotprobesensitiveorprivategeneticinformation,andthatlawsprotectagainstmisuse;andthird,thatcollectingmoreDNAsamplesfromknownindividualswillsolvealotofcrime.Inshort,thepriorPartarguesthattheKingopinioncanbereadasanembraceofexpansiveforensicDNAtesting.

KingmightbeviewedlessasastatementaboutthelegalstatusofDNAsamplingthanaboutthelegalstatusofarrestees.ItcouldbeseenassimplyanaturaloutgrowthofSamsonv.California,thecasethatjustifiedrandomsearchesofparoleeswithoutawarrantorsuspicionbasedontheirdiminishedstatusassubjectswithconditionalliberty.Inthistelling,Kingisnotadeclarationofgeneraldisinterestingeneticprivacy,butsimplyanexpressionoftheCourt’slackofsolicitudeforthoseentangledinthecriminaljusticesystem.ButifwhatdecidedtheissuefortheCourtwasthatarresteesdeservelessprotectionthan“theaveragecitizen,”thenitseemsthattheCourtcouldhaveresteditsopiniononthosegroundsalone.Inotherwords,theCourtcouldhavesaid,“DNAtestingisaseriousandsignificantintrusiononbodilyintegrity.ButtheConstitutionpermitsthestate,withacompellingenoughinterest,toimpingeonthemostfundamentalaspectsofbodilyprivacywhenitcomestoarrestees.Thus,theConstitutionpermitstheDNAsamplingofanarrestee,despitetheseriousnessoftheintrusioninvolved.”Itcouldhavewalledofftheopinionasacategoricalexceptionthatappliesonlytoconvictedoffendersandarrestees,anddeclaredthelaw-abidingpublic’sDNAoutofbounds.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,onecanknowthatfingerprintis___andDNAis___.

2.WhichoneisNOTamisconceptionsaboutforensicDNAtyping?

3.TheauthorthinksthattheKingcase___.

4.FromwhichofthefollowingcanyouseethattheauthorthinksthattheissuefortheCourtwasnotthatarresteesdeservelessprotectionthan“theaveragecitizen”?

問題1選項

A.genetic,biometric

B.biometric,genetic

C.genetic,genetictoo

D.biometric,biometrictoo

問題2選項

A.DNAtypingwillnotbeofconcerntoordinarypeople.

B.ThemoreDNAsamplesfromindividualsarecollected,morecrimeswillbesolved.

C.Policewillnotlookintosensitiveorprivategeneticinformation.

D.AlotofcrimeswillbesolvedifmoreDNAsamplesarecollectedfromknownindividuals.

問題3選項

A.isastatementaboutthelegalstatusofDNAsampling

B.astatementaboutthelegalstatusofarrestees

C.acasethatjustifiedrandomsearchesofparoleeswithoutawarrant

D.isadeclarationofgeneraldisinterestingeneticprivacy

問題4選項

A.DNAtestingisaseriousandsignificantintrusiononbodilyintegrity.

B.ConstitutionpermitstheDNAsamplingofanarrestee.

C.TheConstitutionpermitsthestatetoimpingeonthemostfundamentalaspectsofbodilyprivacy.

D.TheCourtcouldhaveresteditsopiniononthosegroundsalone.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Sowhatdifferencewoulditmakeifpolicehadmillionpeople’sgenetic,ratherthanbiometric,material?（那么，如果警方擁有的是數(shù)百萬人的基因資料，而不是生物特征資料，會有什么不同呢?）可以推測出DNA信息為基因資料，指紋信息為生物特征資料，選B選項“生物特征識別的；基因的”；A選項“基因的；生物特征識別的”，C選項“基因的；基因的”，D選項“生物特征識別的；生物特征識別的”都不符合原文。因此B選項正確。

2.事實細節(jié)題。定位到原文第二段ThisPartaddressesthreemisconceptionsaboutforensicDNAtypingthatpermeatetheKingopinion:first,thatDNAtypingwillonlybeofconcerntocriminals;second,thatthepolicewillnotprobesensitiveorprivategeneticinformation,andthatlawsprotectagainstmisuse;andthird,thatcollectingmoreDNAsamplesfromknownindividualswillsolvealotofcrime.（本部分論述了貫穿金觀點的關(guān)于法醫(yī)DNA分型的三個誤解：首先，DNA分型只會引起罪犯的關(guān)注；第二，警方不會調(diào)查敏感或私人的基因信息，法律保護不被濫用；第三，從已知個體中收集更多的DNA樣本將破獲很多犯罪）可知A選項“普通人不會關(guān)心DNA分型”，C選項“警方不會調(diào)查敏感或私人的基因信息”以及D選項“如果從已知的個體中收集更多的DNA樣本，很多犯罪將會被解決”和原文對應；B選項“從個人身上收集的DNA樣本越多，偵破的案件就越多”原文未提及。因此B選項符合題意。

3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句KingmightbeviewedlessasastatementaboutthelegalstatusofDNAsamplingthanaboutthelegalstatusofarrestees.（King可能被看作是一個關(guān)于DNA取樣的法律地位的聲明，而不是關(guān)于被捕者的法律地位）可知選A選項“是關(guān)于DNA取樣的法律地位的聲明”，同時可知B選項“關(guān)于被逮捕者的法律地位的聲明”和原文相悖；第三段ItcouldbeseenassimplyanaturaloutgrowthofSamsonv.California,thecasethatjustifiedrandomsearchesofparoleeswithoutawarrantorsuspicionbasedontheirdiminishedstatusassubjectswithconditionalliberty.（它可以被簡單地看作是薩姆森訴加州案的自然結(jié)果，在這個案件中，基于假釋者作為有條件自由的主體地位的下降，在沒有搜查令或懷疑的情況下對他們進行隨機搜查是合理的）可知C選項“一個沒有搜查令就對假釋犯進行隨機搜查的案件”錯誤，薩姆森訴加州案才是一個沒有搜查令就對假釋犯進行隨機搜查的案件；第三段Inthistelling,Kingisnotadeclarationofgeneraldisinterestingeneticprivacy（在這段講述中，金并不是一個對基因隱私普遍不感興趣的宣言）可知D選項“是對基因隱私普遍不感興趣的聲明”和原文相悖。因此A選項正確。

4.推理判斷題。定位到最后一段末ButifwhatdecidedtheissuefortheCourtwasthatarresteesdeservelessprotectionthan“theaveragecitizen,”thenitseemsthattheCourtcouldhaveresteditsopiniononthosegroundsalone.Inotherwords,theCourtcouldhavesaid,“DNAtestingisaseriousandsignificantintrusiononbodilyintegrity.ButtheConstitutionpermitsthestate,withacompellingenoughinterest,toimpingeonthemostfundamentalaspectsofbodilyprivacywhenitcomestoarrestees.Thus,theConstitutionpermitstheDNAsamplingofanarrestee,despitetheseriousnessoftheintrusioninvolved.”Itcouldhavewalledofftheopinionasacategoricalexceptionthatappliesonlytoconvictedoffendersandarrestees,anddeclaredthelaw-abidingpublic’sDNAoutofbounds.（但是，如果決定最高法院的問題是被逮捕者應得到比“一般公民”更少的保護，那么似乎最高法院可以僅以這些理由作為其意見的依據(jù)。換句話說，最高法院可以說，“DNA檢測是對身體完整性的嚴重而重大的侵犯。但是，當涉及到被捕者時，憲法允許國家以足夠令人信服的利益侵犯身體隱私的最基本方面。因此，《憲法》允許對被逮捕者進行DNA取樣，盡管所涉入侵的情況很嚴重?！彼究梢詫⑦@一觀點作為只適用于已定罪的罪犯和被逮捕者的絕對例外加以隔離，并宣布守法公眾的DNA是不可侵犯的。）可知選B選項“憲法允許對被捕者進行DNA取樣”，原文所說是憲法允許國家以足夠令人信服的利益侵犯身體隱私的最基本方面，C選項“憲法允許國家侵犯身體隱私的最基本方面”和原文有偏差；A選項“DNA測試是對身體完整性的嚴重而重要的侵犯”和D選項“法院本可以僅以這些理由作為其意見的依據(jù)”是在最高法院的問題是被逮捕者應得到比“一般公民”更少的保護的情況下成立，和題目相悖。因此B選項正確。

6.單選題

Thedramaawardsprovidea(n)（）foryoungpeopletoimprovetheirperformingskills.

問題1選項

A.captive

B.fugitive

C.initiative

D.incentive

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項captive“俘虜，迷戀者”；B選項fugitive“逃亡者，難捕捉之物”；C選項initiative“主動權(quán)，首創(chuàng)精神”；D選項incentive“動機，刺激”。句意“戲劇獎能夠激勵年輕人提高他們的表演技巧?！边x項D符合語境。

7.單選題

Sinceacirclehasnobeginningorend,theweddingringisacceptedasasymbolof（

）love.

問題1選項

A.successive

B.consecutive

C.eternal

D.insistent

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項successive“連續(xù)的，繼承的”；B選項consecutive“連貫的，連續(xù)不斷的”；C選項eternal“永恒的”；D選項insistent“堅持的，迫切的”。句子的前半句意思是“因為圓沒有起點和終點”，后半句是句子的主干部分，of后面由“l(fā)ove愛”組成所有格結(jié)構(gòu)。這里需要填入一個形容詞，表示“永遠的，永恒的”才符合句子意思，句意為：因為圓沒有起點和終點，所以婚戒被當作永恒愛情的象征。故正確答案為C。

8.單選題

Inthefaceofunexpecteddifficulties,hedemonstratedatalentforquick,_____action.

問題1選項

A.determining

B.defensive

C.demanding

D.decisive

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。determining（使）下決心,（使）做出決定的；defensive自衛(wèi)的；demanding苛求的，吃力的；decisive決定性的，果斷的,堅定的。句意：面對意想不到的困難，他表現(xiàn)出了隨機應變、迅速決斷的能力。選項D符合句意。

9.單選題

Maryhasbrownhair.Infact,it’squitesimilarinshape______yours.

問題1選項

A.with

B.to

C.like

D.as

【答案】B

【解析】考查介詞辨析。similar后面要求跟to，表示“和……差不多”。與with連用，可以是thesamecasewith...，表示“……的情況也如此”。like作介詞，表示“像……一樣”。same后面跟as，組成thesame...as，表示“和……一樣”。句意：瑪麗有棕色的頭發(fā)。事實上，和你的很相似。因此B選項正確。

10.單選題

Ultimately,thecaseprovedtohavenothingtodowithhim.

問題1選項

A.Remarkably

B.Presumably

C.Noticeably

D.Eventually

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.Remarkably顯著地B.Presumably大概；想必

C.Noticeably明顯地D.Eventually最終

【答案】D

【考查點】副詞辨析

【解題思路】原詞Ultimately“最終”，D選項Eventually“最終”與之語義最接近。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項不符合原文語義。

【句意】最終證明這一案件與他無關(guān)。

11.單選題

Sincetheislandsoilhasbeenbarrenforsomanyyears,thenativesmustnow________muchoftheirfood.

問題1選項

A.deliver

B.import

C.produce

D.develop

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。deliver“交付，遞送”；import“輸入，進口”；produce“生產(chǎn)，引起”；develop“發(fā)展，進步”。句意：由于島上的土壤多年來一直貧瘠，當?shù)厝爽F(xiàn)在必須進口大多數(shù)食物。選項B符合題意。

12.寫作題

Directions:Writeacompositionofabout250wordstoexpressyourownopinionsonthefollowingtopic:

HowtoProtectIntellectualPropertyRightsinDoingAcademicResearch

Notes:Inthefirstpartofyourwriting,youshouldstateclearlythethesisstatement(i.e.yourmainargument),andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportyourargumentwithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.

【答案】略

13.單選題

Similarcutsare（

）atStanford,whichisplanningtoslash$43millionoverthenexttwoyears.AndColumbiaUniversity,whichfacesa$50milliondeficit,willprobablyfollowsuit,althoughtheheadsof26arts-and-sciencesdepartmentshavethreatenedtoquitifthecutbacksaretooharsh.

問題1選項

A.lurking

B.looming

C.sagging

D.soaring

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項lurk“潛伏；埋伏”；B選項loom“赫然出現(xiàn)”；C選項sag“下跌；松弛；萎靡”；D選項soar“激增；高飛；升空”。句意：斯坦福大學也……類似的削減，計劃在未來兩年內(nèi)削減4300萬美元。面臨5000萬美元赤字的哥倫比亞大學(ColumbiaUniversity)可能也會效仿，盡管26個藝術(shù)和科學院系的負責人威脅稱，如果削減幅度過大，他們將辭職。由句意可知B選項符合題意。

14.單選題

Igotupsolatethismorning1hadtocookupsomeexcuseaboutmycarbreakingdown.

問題1選項

A.initiate

B.challenge

C.invent

D.appreciate

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.initiate開始；發(fā)起B(yǎng).challenge挑戰(zhàn)

C.invent發(fā)明；編造D.appreciate欣賞；賞識

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞someexcuse（一些借口）可知，cookup表示“編造”的意思，C項詞義與之相近，故該題選擇C項。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D項不符合劃線單詞詞義。

【句意】我今天早上起得這么晚，我不得不編造一些借口，說我的車壞了。

15.翻譯題

1.Whenyouestablishasuccinct,easy-to-remembertheme,youletpeopleknowthatyouhaveawell-definedandthought-outpointofview.

2.Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenvironmentcomefromthe

factthatonecannotlearnculture-onehastoliveit.

3.ThemomentIfindmyselfturningawayfromajob,orputtingitunderapileofthingI

havetodo,Iclearmydeskofeverythingelseandattacktheobjectionableitemfirst.

4.Butjustinthelastfewyearsithasbecomealmostunbelievablycomplex,filledwithstrangepartswhosefunctionsarebeyondtoday'simagining.

【答案】1.當你建立一個簡潔、容易記住的主題時，你讓人們知道你有一個明確的且深思熟慮的觀點。

2.在處理文化環(huán)境中最復雜的問題來自這樣一個事實即一個人不能學習那種文化卻又不得不生活在那樣的環(huán)境里。

3.我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己轉(zhuǎn)身撂下一份工作，或放在一堆要做的事情之后，我把桌上的一切清理干凈，然后著手攻克一個有異議的項目。

4.但就在最近幾年，它變得幾乎難以置信的復雜，充滿了奇怪的部分，其功能也超出了今日的想象力。

16.單選題

（

）studentsshouldbemotivatedbyakeeninterestintheatreandshouldhavesomefamiliaritywithplaysinproduction.

問題1選項

A.Prospective

B.Responsible

C.Ethnic

D.Realistic

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析題。Prospective未來的，預期的；Responsible負責的，可靠的；Ethnic種族的；Realistic現(xiàn)實的。

句意：未來的學生應該對戲劇有濃厚的興趣，并對戲劇創(chuàng)作有一定的了解。選項A更符合語境。

17.單選題

Youcannot

ignoranceasyourexcuse;youshouldhaveknownwhatwashappeningallalong.

問題1選項

A.referto

B.defend

C.plead

D.persistin

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。referto“參考，涉及”；defend“辯護；防護”；plead“借口”；persistin“堅持；固執(zhí)于”。句意：你不能拿無知當借口；你本就應該知道發(fā)生了什么事情。

18.單選題

Thequalitiesofmyhometown,（）onmeasaboy,hadaprofoundeffectonthephilosophythatdirectedmycareer.

問題1選項

A.havingimpressed

B.impressed

C.impressing

D.tobeimpressed

【答案】B

【解析】考查過去分詞短語做定語。填空處句子為插入語，句子結(jié)構(gòu)需完整，所以要用分詞或者動名詞形成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。首先排除選項A和D。impress和me之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用分詞，選項B正確。句意：家鄉(xiāng)的文化特色給童年時代的我留下了深刻的印象，對指導我職業(yè)生涯的哲學思想產(chǎn)生了深遠的影響。

19.單選題

Beforetakingastandardizedtest,oneshould（）himselforherselfwithalltheitemsthatconstitutethetestpaper.

問題1選項

A.acquaint

B.fascinate

C.acquit

D.familiar

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項acquaint“使熟悉，使認識”；B選項fascinate“使著迷，使神魂顛倒”；C選項acquit“無罪釋放，表現(xiàn)”；D選項familiar“熟悉的，常見的，親近的”。句意：在參加標準化考試之前，考生應該_____構(gòu)成試卷的所有項目。句子表達的是，在考試之前，要熟悉構(gòu)成試卷的項目，因此A選項符合題意。

20.單選題

Unenlightenedauthoritarianmanagersrarelyrecognizeacrucialreasonforthelowlevelsofseriousconflictamongmembersofdemocraticallyrunworkgroups:amodicumoftolerancefordissentoftenpreventsrift.

問題1選項

A.demur

B.division

C.compliance

D.discern

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義名詞辨析。A選項demur“異議；反對”；B選項division“除法；部門；分配；分裂；分割；賽區(qū)”；C選項compliance“順從，服從；符合；屈從；可塑性”；D選項discern僅可做動詞，意為“覺察出；識別；了解；隱約看見；辨別”。句意：不開明的獨裁管理者很少意識到民主管理的工作團隊成員之間嚴重沖突程度較低的一個關(guān)鍵原因：對異見的少量容忍往往可以防止出現(xiàn)裂痕。rift“裂縫；不和；裂口”，B選項與該詞詞意最相近，因此B選項正確。

21.單選題

Thecontemporaryphenomenonofmotorcarworshipistobeexplainednotleastbythesenseofindependenceandfreedomthatownership（）.

問題1選項

A.enrolls

B.entraps

C.enrages

D.entails

【答案】D

【解析】考查形似動詞辨析。enroll“登記，注冊”；entrap“使陷入羅網(wǎng)，欺騙”；enrage“激怒，使暴怒”；entail“需要；帶來”。句意：對于當今崇尚汽車的現(xiàn)象，究其原因是有了車可以獨立自由行動，不需要依賴別人。選項D符合題意。

22.單選題

9.

問題1選項

A.Quitsmoking.

B.Gojoggingeverymorning.

C.Workoutinthegym.

D.Goonadiet.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Whydon’tyoutrysmokingonecigarettelesseachday,aswellasgoingjoggingeverymorning?

M:Goodidea,butIdon’twanttogojogginginthestreetandatreadmillmaybeabetterchoice.I’msuretrainersatthegymwouldbeabletogivememoreprofessionaladvice.

W:Thatsoundsgood.Thereisonenearmycompany.Iamitsregularmember.

M:Really?Iwillgointohavealook.

Q:Whatisthemanmostlikelytodo?

【解析】細節(jié)題。男士說：butIdon’twanttogojogginginthestreetandatreadmillmaybeabetterchoice（但我不想在街上慢跑，跑步機可能是更好的選擇），后來決定去健身房找專業(yè)人士咨詢。

23.單選題

OfallfiguresfromAmerica'spast,AbrahamLincolnisdearesttotheheartsoftheAmericanpeople.Infact,theadmirationtheyhaveforhimbordersonworship.WritersnotethattheLincolnMemorialinWashington,DCisnotunlikethetemplesthatancientGreeksbuiltinhonoroftheirgoods,andthatannualceremoniesofcelebratingLincoln'sbirthdayinschoolsandpublicplaceshavesometimeshadcharacteristicsofreligiousservices.CertainlyLincolnisAmerica'sidealofagreatleader.HehadmanyofthequalityofleadershipthatAmericansadmire.

Firstofall,Lincoln'scareerfitspopularAmericanbeliefthateverychildcandreamofbecomingpresident.Americansadmiretheperson——theonewho,withneithermoneynorfamilyinfluence,fightshisorherwaytothetop.Lincolnwasbomofpoorparents.Hismotherdiedwhenhewasyoung.Hehadlittleopportunityforschooling.Hisearlystudywasdonealoneatnightbythelightofafireplace.Hedidhardmanuallaborthroughtheday——splittingrailsforfences,takingcareoflivestock,workingonriverboat——orinstore.Butashegrewolderhestudiedlawinhissparetimeandbecamealawyer.Hewasagoodspeakerandstudentofpoliticalphilosophy.HisabilityfinallymadeanameforhimandeventuallyhebecamepresidentoftheUnitedStates.

LincolnisalsoadmiredbecauseofhisleadershipduringthedifficultperiodoftheCivilWar.Hedaredtodowhathethoughtwasrightatatimewhenhisbeliefswereunpopularwithmanypeople.He,inasense,representsthespiritofunionamongthestates.BeforetheCivilwar,theeconomyoftheSouthdependedonanagriculturalsystemwhichmadeuseofslavelabor.Whenreformersinthenorthernstates,putpressureonCongressnottopermittosecedeorwithdraw,fromtheUnitedStates,theyarguedthatthequestionofslaverywasamatterfortheindividualstatestodecideratherthanthefederalgovernment,andtheydidnotwanttoacceptitsdecision.Thenationalgovernmentsaidthatnostatehadtherighttosecede,andtheCivilWarwastheresult.Ifthesouthhadwonthewar,whatistheUnitesStatesmightwellhavebeendividedintoseveralcountries.Lincolnworkedhardtopreservetheunion,andthenorthernstateswerevictorious.

Furthermore,Lincolnhadmanypersonalqualitiesthatmadehimdeartotheheartsofhiscountryman.Hehadinfinitepatienceandtoleranceforthosewhodisagreedwithhim.Aspresident,heappointed