考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南昌大學(xué)科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南昌大學(xué)科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Itisimperativethatthegovernment（）moreinvestmentintotheshipbuildingindustry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attracts

B.shallattract

C.attract

D.hastoattract

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。在itis+表示要求，建議，必要，命令意思的形容詞或分詞+主語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)中。句子使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其結(jié)構(gòu)是“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略，imperative表示“必要的，不可避免的”。句意：吸引更多的投資到造船業(yè)是勢(shì)在必行的。因此,本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

2.單選題

Habitscanbeconsciouslystrengthened,aswhenastudentoftheviolinpracticesandmemorizesdifferentfingerings.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conveniently

B.lastingly

C.intentionally

D.robustly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。consciously表示“自覺(jué)地，有意識(shí)的”。A項(xiàng)conveniently“便利地，合宜地”，B項(xiàng)lastingly“持續(xù)地”，C項(xiàng)intentionally“故意地，有意地”，D項(xiàng)robustly“粗魯?shù)兀瑘?jiān)定地”。句意：習(xí)慣可以有意識(shí)地加強(qiáng)，就像一個(gè)學(xué)小提琴的學(xué)生練習(xí)和記憶不同的指法一樣。根據(jù)題意該題選C。

3.翻譯題

40.地球快速變暖到了非常嚴(yán)峻的程度，而世界上最貧窮的國(guó)家成了極端氣候的最大受害者。未來(lái)的氣候變化可能帶來(lái)更頻繁和更嚴(yán)重的洪澇、旱災(zāi)和其他極端氣候事件，發(fā)展中國(guó)家至今還沒(méi)有良好的能力對(duì)付它們。

41.即使現(xiàn)在，地球上最貧窮的十億人口所產(chǎn)生的排放只占全球排放的3%，而最富有的十億人口占了全球排放的50%。全球還有16億人口無(wú)法獲得現(xiàn)代能源，沒(méi)有能源，國(guó)家就不能繁榮。富國(guó)只有采取強(qiáng)有力的行動(dòng)以騰出一些大氣層的“污染空間”，當(dāng)?shù)褪杖雵?guó)家在將來(lái)開(kāi)始更多排放時(shí)，才可能使全球排放達(dá)到重新平衡。

42.未來(lái)十年發(fā)生的事情將深刻影響可供我們后代進(jìn)行的選擇。延遲或不采取行動(dòng)的代價(jià)是非常高的，我們必須現(xiàn)在就行動(dòng)，必須用全人類(lèi)的聰明才智和合作精神，來(lái)對(duì)付氣候危機(jī)。

43.雖然越來(lái)越多的人都知道氣候變暖，相信需要采取行動(dòng)，但很少有人把它放在首位，太多的人在機(jī)會(huì)面前并沒(méi)有采取行動(dòng)。所以，最大的挑戰(zhàn)在于改變行為方式和制度，尤其是富國(guó)。

【答案】40.Theplanetiswarmingrapidlytoseverelevels,andtheworld’spoorestcountriesarethebiggestvictimsofextremeweather.Futureclimatechangeislikelytobringmorefrequentandseverefloods,droughtsandotherextremeweathereventsthatdevelopingcountriesarenotyetwellequippedtodealwith.

41.Evennow,thepoorestbillionpeopleontheplanetaccountforonly3%ofglobalemissions,whiletherichestbillionpeopleaccountfor50%.Andtherearestill1.6billionpeopleintheworldwhodonothaveaccesstomodernenergy.Acountrycannotprosperwithoutenergy.Rebalancingglobalemissionswillbepossibleonlyifrichcountriestakestrongactiontofreeupsomeatmospheric“pollutionspace”,thuslow-incomecountriesstarttoemitmoreinthefuture.

42.Whathappensinthenextdecadewillprofoundlyaffectthechoicesavailabletofuturegenerations.Thecostsofdelayorinactionaretoohigh,andwemustactnowtotackletheclimatecrisiswiththeingenuityandcooperationofallhumanity.

43.Althoughagrowingnumberofpeopleareawareofglobalwarmingandbelievethatactionisneeded,fewputitfirst,andtoomanypeopledonottakeactioninthefaceofopportunity.Sothebiggestchallengeisaboutchangingbehaviorandsystem,especiallyinrichcountries.

4.單選題

Tomaintainaleadingpositioninthemarket,companieshavetodevelopproductswhicharecheaper,more（）andmorereliablethanthoseoftheircompetitors.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.innovative

B.commensurate

C.enlightening

D.legitimate

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析題。innovative創(chuàng)新的，革新的；commensurate相稱(chēng)的，同量的；enlightening富有啟發(fā)的；legitimate合法的，合理的，正當(dāng)?shù)摹＞湟猓簽榱嗽谑袌?chǎng)上保持領(lǐng)先地位，公司必須開(kāi)發(fā)出比競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手更便宜、更創(chuàng)新、更可靠的產(chǎn)品。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

5.單選題

Plasticbagsareusefulforholdingmanykindsoffood,_______theircleanness,toughnessandlowcost.Buttheyareharmfultoenvironment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.byvirtueof

B.inadditionto

C.forthesakeof

D.asopposedto

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)byvirtueof“由于”；B選項(xiàng)inadditionto“除……之外（還有，也）”；C選項(xiàng)forthesakeof“為了……的利益”；D選項(xiàng)asopposedto“與……截然相反”。句意：塑料袋雖然_______干凈、韌性強(qiáng)和成本低，可以盛裝很多種食物，但是對(duì)環(huán)境有害。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指塑料袋因?yàn)楦蓛舻忍攸c(diǎn)，所以可以盛裝食物，所以byvirtueof“由于”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Therearemanykindsofmetals,（）itsspecialproperties

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.eachhaving

B.everyhaving

C.eachhas

D.onehas

【答案】A

【解析】句意:這里有很多種金屬，每一種都有它特有的屬性。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾楠?dú)立主格?！癷tsspecialproperties它特有的屬性”的邏輯主語(yǔ)是空格前“metals金屬”,因此這里使用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。

7.單選題

WhileApplewascomingunderincreasingpressurefromlowercostPCclones,thecompany'sinitialresponsewastodevelopevenmore()high-endcomputers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sophisticated

B.luxurious

C.philosophical

D.sensitive

【答案】A

【解析】sophisticated復(fù)雜的，精致的；luxurious奢侈的，豐富的；philosophical哲學(xué)的；sensitive敏感的。句意：盡管蘋(píng)果正面臨來(lái)自低成本電腦復(fù)制品的越來(lái)越大壓力，但該公司最初的反應(yīng)是開(kāi)發(fā)更復(fù)雜的高端電腦。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

8.單選題

Whenthestrangerwalkedtowardshim,hefled,thedoor（）behindhim

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.slammed

B.toslam

C.slant

D.slamming

【答案】D

【解析】slamming做形容詞,修飾door,表示門(mén)的狀態(tài)。如果填slammed,后面構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的句子,需要連接詞and連接前后兩個(gè)句子。

9.單選題

The（）forspeedingisafineofonehundredandfiftydollars.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.penalty

B.benefit

C.criticism

D.remedy

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)penalty“罰款，罰金”；B選項(xiàng)benefit“利益，好處”；C選項(xiàng)criticism“批評(píng)，考證”；D選項(xiàng)remedy“補(bǔ)救，療法補(bǔ)救”。句意：超速的懲罰是罰款150美元。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

10.單選題

Itgenerallythoughtthatasteachersworkwithstudents,psychologycourseworkis（

）toteacher-training.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.invariably

B.indispensable

C.indisposed

D.inviolate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。invariably“總是，不變地”;indispensable“不可缺少的”；indisposed“不舒服的”；inviolate“無(wú)污點(diǎn)的”。前半句提到“由于老師與學(xué)生共事”，因此“心理學(xué)課程是教師培訓(xùn)必不可少的”，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

11.單選題

TheOlympicGames（

）in776B.C.inOlympia,asmalltowninGreece.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.originated

B.stemmed

C.derived

D.descended

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)起源于公元前776年希臘一個(gè)叫奧林匹亞的小鎮(zhèn)。

originatedin起源于，通常后面接地點(diǎn);steemed一般與介詞from連用表示“源于”;derivedfrom由…衍生而來(lái);descendfrom由…傳下來(lái)，通常后面接某人。

12.單選題

Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills.Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Humanresourcemanagement(HRM)isnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Laborissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehiredorrentedatthelowestpossiblecost,whichisamuchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.

Thelackofimportanceattachedtohumanresourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatehierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhumanresourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofcorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhumanresourcemanagementiscentral-usuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirm'shierarchy.

WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforces,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.

Asaresult,problemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange.Andintheendtheskillsofthebottomhalfofthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan'teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear.

1.WhichofthefollowingappliestotheHRMofAmericancompanies?

2.What'sthepositionoftheexecutiveofHRMinanAmericanfirm?

3.ThemoneymostAmericanfirmsputinworkforcetrainingmainlygoeson（

）.

4.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhirepeoplewiththeleastpossiblemoneyregardlessoftheirskills.

B.Theyseeskillsgainastheiremployees’ownbusiness.

C.Theyprefertohireself-trainedworkers.

D.Theyonlyhireskilledworkersbecauseofkeenemploymentcompetition.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Heisoneofthemostimportantexecutivesinthefirm.

B.Hispositionislikelytodisappearwhennewtechnologieshavebeenintroduced.

C.Hehasnosayinginmakingimportantdecisionsinthefirm.

D.Heisdirectlyunderthechieffinancialexecutive.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.technologicalandmanagerialstaff.

B.workerswhowillrunnewequipment.

C.workerswholackbasicbackgroundskills.

D.topexecutives.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Americanfirm'sHRMstrategiesaffecttheircompetitivecapacity.

B.HRMisakeyfactorinafirm’ssurvival.

C.ThecostofworkingtraininginAmericaishigherthanthatinJapanandGermany.

D.AmericanfirmsaredifferentfromJapaneseandGermanfirmsinHRM.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)‘下面哪個(gè)適用于美國(guó)公司中人力資源的管理？’根據(jù)文章第一段第三句“Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.技能的獲得被認(rèn)為是個(gè)人的責(zé)任?！贝_定B選項(xiàng)“公司認(rèn)為雇員掌握技術(shù)問(wèn)題是他們自己的事”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)‘在美國(guó)公司中人力資源部門(mén)的主管的地位怎樣？’根據(jù)文章第二段中第三句“Thepostofheadofhumanresourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofcorporatehierarchy.人力資源管理主管這一職位通常是一項(xiàng)專(zhuān)門(mén)的工作，位于公司等級(jí)制度的邊緣。”和第四句“TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).持有該職位的行政人員從未就重大戰(zhàn)略決策征求過(guò)意見(jiàn)，也沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)晉升為首席執(zhí)行官?！笨梢源_定美國(guó)公司里的人力資源部門(mén)的主管在管理層中是非常沒(méi)有地位的，在重大決策中是沒(méi)有發(fā)言權(quán)的，所以C選項(xiàng)“他在公司里做重要決定時(shí)沒(méi)有發(fā)言權(quán)”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)‘大多數(shù)美國(guó)公司投入勞動(dòng)力培訓(xùn)的資金主要用于什么？根據(jù)文章第三段第二句‘Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.’可知，他們?cè)谂嘤?xùn)方面的投資也主要用在了技術(shù)和管理人員的身上。所以A選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)和管理人員”正確。

4.主旨大意題。題目提問(wèn)‘這篇文章主題是什么？’文章主要談?wù)撊绻?jìng)爭(zhēng)的優(yōu)勢(shì)取決于工人的技術(shù)，那么美國(guó)的公司就遇到麻煩了。美國(guó)公司不正確的人才管理戰(zhàn)略，使它們的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力受到了挑戰(zhàn)。所以A選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)公司的人力資源管理策略影響了它的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力”正確。

13.單選題

Atallagesandatallstagesoflife,fearpresentsaproblemtoalmosteveryone.“Wearelargelytheplaythingsofourfears,”wrotetheBritishauthorHoraceWalpolemanyyearsago.“Toone,fearofthedark;toanother,ofphysicalpain;toathird,ofpublicridicule;toafourth,ofpoverty;toafifth,ofloneliness—forallofusourparticularcreaturewaitsinahiddenplace.”

Fearisoftenausefulemotion.Whenyoubecomefrightened,manyphysicalchangesoccurwithinyourbody.Yourheartbeatandresponsesquicken;yourpupilsexpandtoadmitmorelight;largequantitiesofenergy-producingadrenaline（腎上激素）arepouredintoyourbloodstream.Confrontedwithafireoraccident,fearcanfuellife-savingflight（逃離）.Similarly,whenadangerispsychologicalratherthanphysical,fearcanforceyoutotakeself-protectivemeasures.Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionaltothedangerathandthatitbecomesaproblem.

Somepeoplearesimplymorevulnerabletofearthanothers.Avisittothenewbornnurseryofanylargehospitalwilldemonstratethat,fromthemomentoftheirbirths,afewfortunateinfantsrespondcalmlytosuddenfear-producingsituationssuchasaloudlyslammeddoor.Yetaneighborinthenextbedmaycryoutwithprofoundfright.Frombirth,heorsheismorepronetolearnfearfulresponsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencytobemoresensitive.

Further,psychologistsknowthatourearlyexperiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeanddetermineourlaterfears.AyoungmannamedBill,forexample,grewupwithafatherwhoregardedeachadversityasatemporaryobstacletobeovercomewithimaginationandcourage.Usinghisfatherasamodel,Billcametowelcomeadventureandtotrusthisownabilitytosolveproblem.

Phil’sdad,however,spentmostofhistimetryingtoprotecthimselfandhisfamily.Afraidtorisktheinsecurityofajobchange,heremainedunhappyinoneposition.Heavoidedlongvacationsbecause“thecarmightbreakdown.”Growingupinsuchahome?Philnaturallylearnedtobecomefearfulandtense.

1.InthelastsentenceofParagraph1,"ourparticularcreature"refersto（）.

2.Fearcanbeausefulemotiontousbecauseitcan（）.

3.Fearbecomesaproblemonlywhen（）.

4.Differentresponsesofnewborninfantstoaloudlyslammeddoorimplythat（）.

5.Psychologistshavefoundthatourlaterfearsaredeterminedlargelybyour（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fearofsomething

B.afiercebeast

C.physicalpain

D.publicridicule

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.stimulatemanyphysicalchangeswithinourbody

B.quickenourheartbeatandresponses

C.pourlargequantitiesofadrenalineintoourbloodstream

D.helpusrespondquicklytodangerandprotectourselves

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thedangeristhoughtgreaterthanitreallyis

B.thedangerismorepsychologicalthanphysical

C.onecannotstandthedanger

D.oneisnotwellpreparedforit

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.somepeopleareinherentlymoreeasilyaffectedbydanger

B.people'sresponsetostimuliisnotaninheritedfeature

C.somepeopleseemtobeverysensitivetonoise

D.peoplesometimesseemtoturnadeafeartonoise

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.homeeducation

B.schooleducation

C.parents'lifestyle

D.earlyexperiences

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)上文提到的，恐懼對(duì)每個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)幾乎都是一個(gè)問(wèn)題，每個(gè)人害怕的事物不一樣，所以這里提到的我們這些特殊的生物是指對(duì)某種事物感到害怕。選項(xiàng)A正確，選項(xiàng)B,C,D都是指某一類(lèi)人害怕的東西，不能以偏概全，所以錯(cuò)誤。

2.根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，恐懼是一種有用的情感是因?yàn)樗軒椭覀兠鎸?duì)危險(xiǎn)時(shí)快速做出反應(yīng)并自我保護(hù)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。其他選項(xiàng)都只涉及生理反應(yīng)而忽略了心理反應(yīng)，太片面。

3.根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionaltothedangerathandthatitbecomesaproblem.”只有當(dāng)恐懼與眼前的危險(xiǎn)不成比例時(shí)，它才會(huì)成為一個(gè)問(wèn)題。也就是說(shuō)，當(dāng)危險(xiǎn)被認(rèn)為比實(shí)際上更大時(shí)，恐懼就會(huì)成為一個(gè)問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.根據(jù)第三段第一句“Somepeoplearesimplymorevulnerabletofearthanothers.”有些人只是比其他人更容易受到恐懼的影響。以及第三段的最后一句“Frombirth,heorsheismorepronetolearnfearfulresponsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencytobemoresensitive.”從出生開(kāi)始，他或她更容易學(xué)習(xí)恐懼的反應(yīng)，因?yàn)樗蛩z傳了一種更敏感的傾向。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

5.根據(jù)第四段的第一句“psychologistsknowthatourearlyexperiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeanddetermineourlaterfears.”可知選項(xiàng)D正確。

14.單選題

WeareundertakingasurveytoevaluatetheextenttowhichtheeducationalsystemthatexistsinChinatodayanswerstheneedsofsociety.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.areundertaking

B.theextenttowhich

C.answers

D.ofsociety

E.沒(méi)有問(wèn)題

【答案】E

15.單選題

Hefailedtocarryoutsomeoftheprovisionsofthecontract,andnowhehasto（）theconsequences.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.runinto

B.answerfor

C.complywith

D.abideby

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。runinto“遭遇，陷入”；answerfor“因……而受罰”；complywith“遵守，照做”；abideby“遵守，信守”。根據(jù)前面的“他沒(méi)有履行合同中的一些條款”可知，他應(yīng)該為此負(fù)責(zé)，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

16.單選題

ElizabethHolmes:HolmesiswheretheheartisTheranos'sbosssayshermissionextendsbeyondmakingafortune.TECHentrepreneursoftenhavetheirowndistinctiveuniforms.ForFacebook'sMarkZuckerberg,itisjeansandahoodie.ForthelateSteveJobs,itwasjeansandblackturtleneck.ElizabethHolmeshasplumpedforsomethingsmartermatchingblackjacket,trousersandturtleneck.Itsaveshavingtodecidewhattoweareachmorning,shesayswithtypicalsingle-mindedness.

Attheageof19MsHolmeshadanideaabouttoimprovethewaybloodtestsaredone.SoshedroppedoutofStanfordUniversity,whereshewasstudyingchemicalengineering,andwithmoneythathadbeensetasideforhercollegeeducationshequietlyfoundedTheranos,adiagnosticscompany.Thatwasin2003.Shesaysshespentthenexttenyearsin"stealthmode,withoutpressreleasesorevenacompanywebsite.Duringthattimesheperfectedawayofdoinghundredsoftestscheaplyandquicklyonadropofblood,usinglab-on-a-chiptechnology.

Today,aged31,sheisestimatedbyForbesmagazinetobeworth$4.7billion,andthustobetheworld'syoungestself-madefemalebillionaire.Sheistheauthor,andco-author,ofnumerouspatentsandpatentapplications.YetMsHolmesseemsuninterestedinmoneyorkudos.

Shesayshermissionistousetestingtohelppeoplestayhealthy.Shewantstodetectdiseasessuchasdiabetes,cancersandheartdiseasefarearlier,beforetheyproducesymptoms,andindoingsosavelives.AdmirershavecomparedhertotechnologytitanslikeJobs.Butherfocusonhumanity'sbigproblemsmakeshermorelikeElonMusk,whowantsnotjusttomakemoneybuildingspacerocketsandelectriccars,buttocoloniseotherplanetsandsavethisonefromclimatechange.

ThisweekMsHolmesannouncedthatshewastakinghermissionbeyondAmerica'sborders,bylaunchinganot-for-profitprojecttobringcheapmedicalteststoMexicowithbackingfromCarlosSlim,aMexicantelecomsmagnate.Theranosisstillprivatelyowned—MsHolmessayssheholdsmorethan50%ofitsstock-andremainssecretiveaboutitsrevenuestreamsandplans.Althoughitishardtoknowifthecompanymeritsitsrichvaluation,oneencouragingsignforotherinvestorsisthecompany'sstellarboardofdirectors.Itincludestwoformersecretariesofstate(GeorgeShultzandHenryKissinger)andanumberofhigh-profileinvestorsincludingLarryEllisonofOracle.Ifanabilitytowinoverluminariesisadiagnostictestforthehealthofyoungcompanies,Theranospasses.

1.ElizabethHolmes'missioninbusinessis（）?

2.ElizabethHolmesisalwaysin（）?

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTTRUE?

4.MsHolmesislikeElonMuskin（）?

5.Twoformersecretariesofstateandanumberofhigh-profileinvestorsarelistedto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tohelppeoplestayhealthy

B.toimprovethewaybloodtestsaredone

C.tomakeafortune

D.todetectdiseases

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.jeansandblackturtleneck

B.jeansandahoodie

C.blackjacketandturtleneck

D.jeansandtrousers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.MsHolmesknewhowtoimprovethewaybloodtestsaredone

B.MsHolmeswasdroppedoutofStanfordUniversity

C.MsHolmesstudiedchemicalengineeringatStanfordUniversity

D.MsHolmesestablishedacompanybyherself.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.makingmoneyintheirownbusiness

B.colonizingotherplanetsandsavethisonefromclimatechange

C.becomingtechnologytitans

D.protectinghumanbeingsoftheworld.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.showgreatyouthofthecompany.

B.showgreatsuccessofthecompany.

C.showgreatstructureofthecompany

D.showgreatpromiseofthecompany

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第五段:Shesayshermissionistousetestingtohelppeoplestayhealthy(她說(shuō)她的責(zé)任是通過(guò)這些測(cè)驗(yàn)讓人們保持健康)。因此A項(xiàng)“以幫助人們保持健康”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:ElizabethHolmeshasplumpedforsomethingsmartermatchingblackjacket,trousersandturtleneck(伊麗莎白?福爾摩斯喜歡更時(shí)髦的黑色夾克、褲子和高領(lǐng)毛衣)。因此，C項(xiàng)“黑夾克和高領(lǐng)毛衣”正確。

3.判斷推理題。第二段指出:Attheageof19MsHolmeshadanideaabouthowtoimprovethewaybloodtestsaredone(霍姆斯19歲時(shí)就有了一個(gè)改進(jìn)驗(yàn)血方法的想法)。因此，A項(xiàng)“霍姆斯知道改進(jìn)血液檢測(cè)的方法”不符合原文所述。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位至倒數(shù)第二段:Butherfocusonhumanity'sbigproblemsmakeshermorelikeElonMusk,whowantsnotjusttomakemoneybuildingspacerocketsandelectriccars,buttocoloniesotherplanetsandsavethisonefromclimatechange(但她對(duì)人類(lèi)大問(wèn)題的關(guān)注使她更像埃隆?馬斯克，他不僅想通過(guò)制造太空火箭和電動(dòng)汽車(chē)賺錢(qián)，還想殖民其他星球，把這個(gè)星球從氣候變化中拯救出來(lái))。因此，本題選D項(xiàng)“保護(hù)地球上的人類(lèi)”。

5.判斷推理題。最后一段指出:Althoughitishardtoknowifthecompanymeritsitsrichvaluation，oneencouragingsignforotherinvestorsisthecompany'sstellarboardofdirectors(盡管很難知道該公司是否值得其豐厚的估值，但對(duì)其他投資者來(lái)說(shuō)，一個(gè)令人鼓舞的跡象是該公司出色的董事會(huì))。由此可知，列出兩位前國(guó)務(wù)卿和一些知名投資者是為了展現(xiàn)公司的巨大前景。故選D。

17.翻譯題

Putthefollowing5sentencesintoChinese.Writethemintheproperspacesonyouranswersheet.

TheAll-ChinaFederationofWomenhasrecentlydroppedthelabelandnowrefersto‘old’unmarriedwomen—buttheleftoverexpressionremainswidelyusedelsewhere.

Theprotoplanetwouldtaketensofthousandsofyearstogrowup,andscientistshopetostudytheentityandgleaninsightsintohowitwascreatedandhowitmightevolve.

Humanlongevityhasimprovedsorapidlyoverthepastcenturythat72isthenew30,scientistshaveclaimed.Moreover,itisnolongerclearwherethepossibleouterboundariesofhumanlifestand.

Thebestwaytocleanyourglassesistorunthemunderwarmwaterandputatinydropofdishwashingdetergentonthetipofyourfingerstocreatealatheronthelens.Thenrinsewithwarmwater,anddiywithaclean,softcottoncloth.

Innovativecompaniesareledbyinnovativechiefexecutives.Theyspendtheirtimeaskingprovocativequestions,observingtheworldlikeanthropologists,networkingwithpeoplewhodon'tthink,actortalklikethem.

Ifyou'retakingrisks,andyouprobablyshould,youcanfindyourselffailing90%ofthetime.Thetrickistogetpaidwhileyou'redoingthefailingandtousetheexperiencetogainskillsthatwillbeusefullater.Weshouldbetaughtthatfailureisaprocess,notanobstacle.

Thefollowingthreebasicprocessespromisehelpwithgreatinefficiency:collectingtasksandprojectsfromallyournotebooks,calendarsandfilesintooneorganizingsystem;decidingonthenextstepsanddesiredoutcomesforeachitem;andmakingahabitoffrequentlycheckingandupdatingyourto-dosandplans.

Studiesshowthatatleasthalfofthevariationinintelligencequotientisinherited.ButwhilescientistshaveidentifiedsomegenesthatcansignificantlylowerIQinpeopleafflictedwithmentalretardation,forexampletrulyimportantgenesthataffectnormalIQvariationhaveyettobepinneddown.

Accordingtoscientists,sendingyourchildtopianoorviolinlessonsinabidtoboosttheiracademicachievementisawasteofmoney.Althoughresearchhasshownthatyoungsterswhotakemusiclessonsaremorelikelytobetopoftheirclass,psychologistGlennclaimsthislinkismisleading.

Moneymakestheworldgoround,butitisnotthekeytohappiness,accordingtootherstudies.In2008,asurveyfromtheOfficeforNationalStatisticsfoundthatBritishfamilieswerehealthierandtwiceaswelloffastheywere20yearsago,butarenohappier.

【答案】中國(guó)婦聯(lián)近日己經(jīng)棄用“剩女”一詞，改用“大齡未婚女青年”，但是“剩女”一詞在其它地方還是被廣泛使用。

原行星的形成需要經(jīng)歷成千上萬(wàn)年?？茖W(xué)家仍希望對(duì)它展開(kāi)研究，以便了解它的誕生和演變。

科學(xué)家宣稱(chēng)，過(guò)去100年間人類(lèi)平均壽命快速延長(zhǎng)，以至于現(xiàn)在的72歲相當(dāng)于過(guò)去的30歲。另外，人類(lèi)壽命的可能極限不再清晰。

清潔眼鏡的最佳方式是將其在溫水下沖洗，在指尖滴一小滴洗潔精，在鏡片上打出泡沫，然后用溫水洗凈，并用干凈柔軟的棉布擦干。

創(chuàng)新型的公司都有創(chuàng)新型的領(lǐng)袖。他們總是提出發(fā)人深省的問(wèn)題，像人類(lèi)學(xué)家那樣觀察世界，與思維、行事或言談跟自己不同的人交往。

如果你鋌而走險(xiǎn)，而且是不得不這么干的時(shí)候，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)十有八九是要失敗的。關(guān)鍵是要在失敗的過(guò)程中積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)，提升能力為將來(lái)做準(zhǔn)備。我們要明白，失敗是一個(gè)過(guò)程，而不是一個(gè)障礙。

以下三個(gè)基本過(guò)程能夠幫助改善效率極端低下的狀況：1、將所有的筆記本的任務(wù)和項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行匯總，按日歷和文件類(lèi)別形成組織化系統(tǒng)；2、確定每個(gè)項(xiàng)目的下一個(gè)步驟與預(yù)期結(jié)果；3、養(yǎng)成經(jīng)常檢查與更新待辦事項(xiàng)和計(jì)劃的習(xí)慣。

研究表明：至少有一半的智商的變異是遺傳的。但是科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)鑒定出可以降低智商的部分基因，例如：智力發(fā)育遲緩人群。然而，影響正常智商變化的極為重要的基因還尚未確定。

科學(xué)家稱(chēng)，為了提高孩子的學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)而把孩子送去學(xué)彈鋼琴或拉小提琴，純屬浪費(fèi)錢(qián)。盡管有研究顯示，學(xué)音樂(lè)的小孩更可能在班上名列前茅，但心理學(xué)家格倫指出，將這兩者聯(lián)系在一起有誤導(dǎo)性。

其他的研究則發(fā)現(xiàn)，金錢(qián)讓世界運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，但不是幸福的要素。2008年，英國(guó)國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，英國(guó)家庭的健康狀況比20年前更好，收入也是20年前的兩倍，但是英國(guó)人并沒(méi)有比20年前更幸福。

18.單選題

Mr.ObamaisthefirstpresidentsinceRichardM.Nixontobe______andelectedwhilelivinginacityneighborhood.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.appointed

B.nominated

C.represented

D.positioned

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)appointed“任命；約定；命令；受權(quán)處置的”；B選項(xiàng)nominated“提名……為候選人；任命的”；C選項(xiàng)represented“代表；表現(xiàn)；描寫(xiě)”；D選項(xiàng)positioned“放置；確定……的位置”。句意：奧巴馬是自理查德?M?尼克松（RichardM.Nixon）以來(lái)，第一位居住在城市社區(qū)并被提名和選舉的總統(tǒng)。根據(jù)句意，C項(xiàng)以及D項(xiàng)都可排除，A項(xiàng)appointed的意思是“任命；委任”，指不經(jīng)過(guò)選擇的官方委任，也可排除。B選項(xiàng)nominated通常指為某一公職的候選人，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

MalaysiaandIndonesiarelymuchonopenmarketsforforestandfisheryproducts,（

）,someAsiancountriesarehighlyprotectionist.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deliberately

B.conversely

C.evidently

D.naturally

【答案】B

【解析】考察副詞詞義辨析。deliberately“故意地，謹(jǐn)慎地”；conversely“相反地”；evidently“顯然，明顯地”；naturally“自然地”。句意：馬來(lái)西亞和印度尼西亞依靠林業(yè)和漁業(yè)產(chǎn)品開(kāi)放市場(chǎng)。相反，亞洲一些國(guó)家實(shí)行高度的保護(hù)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

20.單選題

ThestatusofwomenincolonialNorthAmericahasbeenwellstudiedanddescribedandcanbebrieflysummarized.Throughoutthecolonialperiodtherewasamarkedshortageofwomen,whichvariedwiththeregionsandwasalwaysgreatestinthefrontierareas.Thisfavorableratioenhancedwomen’sstatusandpositionandallowedthemtopursuedifferentcareers.ThePuritans,thereligioussectthatdominatedtheearlyBritishcoloniesinNorthAmerica,regardedidlenessasasin,andbelievedthatlifeinanunderdevelopedcountrymadeitabsolutelynecessarythateachmemberofthecommunityperformaneconomicfunction.Thusworkforwomen,marriedorsingle,wasnotonlyapproved,itwasregardedasacivicduty.Puritantowncouncilsexpectedwidowsandunattachedwomentobeself-supportingandforalongtimeprovidedneedyspinsterswithparcelsofland.Therewasnosocialsanctionagainstmarriedwomenworking；onthecontrary,wiveswereexpectedtohelptheirhusbandsintheirtradeandwonsocialapprovalfordoingextraworkinoroutofthehome.Needychildren,girlsaswellasboys,wereindenturedorapprenticedandwereexpectedtoworkfortheirkeep.

Thevastmajorityo￡womenworkedwithintheirhomes,wheretheirlaborproducedmostarticlesneededforthefamily.Theentirecolonialproductionofclothandclothingandpartiallythatofshoeswasinthehandsofwomen.Inadditiontotheseoccupations,womenwerefoundinmanydifferentkindsofemployment.Theywerebutchers,silversmiths,gunsmiths,upholsterers.Theytanmills,plantations,tanyards,shipyards,andeverykindofshop,tavern,andboardinghouse.Theyweregatekeepers,jailkeepers,sextons,journalists,printers,apothecaries,midwives,nurses,andteachers.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthePuritanwere（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whatdidthePuritansexpectfrommarriedwomen?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichproductsweremadeentirelybywomen?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Colonialmarriages.

B.ThePuritanreligion.

C.Colonialwomen’semployment.

D.Educationinthecolonies.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.uneducated

B.hardworking

C.generous

D.wealthy

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyshouldadoptneedychildren.

B.Theyshouldassistintheirhusbands’tradeorbusiness.

C.Theyshouldworkonlywithintheirownhomes.

D.Theyshouldbeapprenticed.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Gunpowderandbullets.

B.Cupsandplates.

C.Clothandclothing.

D.Paperandbooks

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.主旨題。根據(jù)文章第一段，殖民時(shí)期因?yàn)榕匀藬?shù)很少，所以對(duì)她們的社會(huì)地位和就業(yè)產(chǎn)生了有利影響，女性可以有自己的職業(yè)選擇。所以文章主要是討論女性的就業(yè)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“ThePuritans,thereligioussectthatdominatedtheearlyBritishcoloniesinNorthAmerica,regardedidlenessasasin,”，他們認(rèn)為懶惰是一種罪惡，可是清教徒是勤勞的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“wiveswereexpectedtohelptheirhusbandsintheirtradeandwonsocialapprovalfordoingextraworkinoroutofthehome.”丈夫期待妻子可以在他們的領(lǐng)域內(nèi)幫助他們，并且可以從事額外的行業(yè)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Theentirecolonialproductionofclothandclothingandpartiallythatofshoeswasinthehandsofwomen.”可知，布料和服裝都是女性親手做的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

21.單選題

Aninterestingtheoryineconomicsis（1）bytheHeadManofasmallmountaintribe.Itseemsthatthistribewasverygoodatmakingstrawmatsthathadgreatsales

（2）

inthe

（3）

market.TherepresentativeofanAmericancompanywenttovisitthetribeandtriedtomakeagoodbusinessdeal.He

（4）

totheHeadManand

（5）

thathiscompanywouldliketo

（6）

severalthousandpieces.

Undoubtedly,hesaid,thebusiness

（7）

wouldbe

（8）

tothetribe.Aftersomethoughts,theHeadMan

（9）

,butannouncedthatthepriceperpiecewouldbe

（10）

insucha

（11）

orderthanitwouldbeif

（12）

asmallorderwereplaced.Ther