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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-威海海洋職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Allthememoriesofhischildhoodhad(

)fromhismindbythetimehewas65.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.faded

B.illustrated

C.confined

D.concerned

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。fade“褪色,凋謝,逐漸消失”;illustrate“闡明,舉例說明”;confine“限制;禁閉”;concern“關(guān)系,與……有關(guān)”,memory“記憶”。句意:在他65歲的時(shí)候所有關(guān)于童年的記憶都消失了。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.單選題

Upuntilthattime,hisinteresthadfocusedalmost()onfullymasteringthe

skillsandtechniquesofhiscraft.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.restrictively

B.radically

C.inclusively

D.exclusively

【答案】D

【解析】句意:直到那個(gè)時(shí)候,他的興趣幾乎只()充分地掌握職業(yè)的技能和技巧。再根據(jù)題干中almost和fully,可知他只關(guān)注掌握他的職業(yè)的技能和技巧。A選項(xiàng)restrictively限制性地;B選項(xiàng)radically根本地,徹底地;C選項(xiàng)inclusively包含地;D選項(xiàng)exclusively專有地;排外地。

3.單選題

______howtooperateaswitchboard,Ihadtoasktheofficesupervisortoshowmethecorrectprocedures.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Notknown

B.Notknowing

C.Nottoknow

D.Havingnotknown

【答案】B

【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:我不知道如何操作總機(jī),只好請(qǐng)辦公室主管告訴我正確的程序。動(dòng)詞know與主語構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞形式,排除A,C選項(xiàng)。非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定形式not置于非謂語動(dòng)詞之前,應(yīng)該是nothavingknown,排除D選項(xiàng)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Ifgenderconflictscontinueattheircurrentrate,mypartnergloomilyobserved,menmayfadeintoextinctionandwomenwillmanagefinewithoutthem.Whatwithtest-tubebabies,cloning,afallingbirth-rate,have-it-allcareerwomenprevailinglikeneverbefore,itseemsasifold-fashioned,instinct-drivensexualselectionwastotallyoutoffashion.ButastudyfromfourBritishuniversitiessuggestsitisaliveandwell,andbusyshapingthenextgeneration.

Inspiteofemancipation,thefeministmovement,genderequality,consistenteffortstoavoidgender-stereotyping,menstillprefertomarrywomenwhoarenottoobrainy.InthestudyahighIQhamperedawoman’schanceofgettingmarried,witha40percentdropinmaritalprospectsforevery16-pointrise.Theoppositewastruefortheirmaleclassmates.Top-earningmenwere8percentmorelikelytobemarriedthantheirlow-earningpeers.

Howinterestingthatweautomaticallyassumethatmenareputoffbyclevernessinwomen.Perhapsthebrainywomendidnotwanttogetmarried.Possiblytheycouldnotfindmencleverenoughtosatisfythem.Buttheseinterpretationshardlymeritmorethanapassingthoughtbecausethisstudysimplyreinforceswhatweknowtobebroadlytrue:thatmostwomendowantacommittedpartnerandthatmoststablemarriagesoccurinapowerrelation,withthemanbeingthecenter.

Weusuallythinkofcompetitivenessasamaleactivity,andsoitismainly,whichisallthemorereasonforitcausingstressinamarriage.Ourancestrycertainlyincludedalongphasewhenthemalescompetedforthealpharole,inwhichthetopmaletookalltheadvantagesandmostofthegroupmatings.Mostmennursesecretdreamsofbeing“benign”dictators.Nomanlikeshiswifetoearnmorethanhedoes.Weseehowfragilearethemarriagesofthoseinwhichthefemalehasthewhiphandintheshapeoffame,success,andwealth.Incontrast,marriageswherethefemalestatusisobviouslyinferior,includingarrangedmarriages,thereisagreaterstability.

Womenhavetoacceptthatcomingintoourownandachievingthefullpotentialofour(seeminglysuperior)capacitytouseeducationwillundoubtedlymakeusmoreinaccessibleaspartners.Morechoosy,andthereforelesssuccessful.

1.The“test-tubebabies”andotherthingsarementionedinParagraph1toindicate(

).

2.Conventionalsexualselection

).

3.ThestatisticsinParagraph2illustratethat

).

4.Whatmightbethemeaningof“whiphand”inParagraph4?

5.Howismarriagerelatedtopower,accordingtothestudy?

6.Whatmightbethetitleofthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thedevelopmentofmedicaltechnology

B.theradicalchangesofourlifestyle

C.thedecreasingbirthrateofhumansociety

D.theindependenceofthefemalegender

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.getsout-of-date

B.remainsactive

C.becomesextinct

D.seemsprevalent

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.women’sIQandtheirmaritalprobabilityareindirectproportion

B.men’sIQandtheirmaritalprobabilityareininverseproportion

C.womenprefertomarrymenwhoareveryintelligent

D.menprefertomarrywomenwhoarelessintelligent

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Control.

B.Desire.

C.Intelligence.

D.Commitment.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Marriedmenandwomenallseekpowerovereachother.

B.Apowerfulhusbandisthekeytothesuccessfulmarriage.

C.Astablemarriagedependsonthepowerofthewife.

D.Richmentendtoholdabsolutepowerovertheirwives.

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.SingleWomen’sSelf-reliance.

B.RoadtoaSuccessfulMarriage

C.WhyBrainyWomenStaySingle.

D.StereotypesAboutMarriage.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息,可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第一段。根據(jù)“menmayfadeintoextinctionandwomenwillmanagefinewithoutthem.(男人可能會(huì)逐漸消失,而沒有他們,女人也會(huì)過得很好)”即可進(jìn)行合理推斷,從而得出本題答案。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息,可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第一段最后一句。根據(jù)““ButastudyfromfourBritishuniversitiessuggestsitisaliveandwell,...”,其中“it”指代“old-fashioned,instinct-drivensexualselection”。從而得出本題答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息,可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第二段第一句?!癐nspiteofemancipation,thefeministmovement,genderequality,consistenteffortstoavoidgender-stereotyping,menstillprefertomarrywomenwhoarenottoobrainy.(盡管有解放運(yùn)動(dòng)、女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)、性別平等、不斷努力避免性別成見,但男性仍然更愿意娶不太聰明的女性。)”從而得出本題答案。

4.詞義理解題。根據(jù)題干信息,可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第四段最后兩句?!癢eseehowfragilearethemarriagesofthoseinwhichthefemalehasthewhiphandintheshapeoffame,success,andwealth.Incontrast,marriageswherethefemalestatusisobviouslyinferior,includingarrangedmarriages,thereisagreaterstability.(我們看到,那些女性在名望、成功和財(cái)富方面擁有絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)的婚姻是多么脆弱。相比之下,女性地位明顯低下的婚姻,包括包辦婚姻,則有較大的穩(wěn)定性。)”由此可進(jìn)行合理推斷,從而得出本題答案。

5.歸納推理題。通過對(duì)全文的理解,尤其是文章第四段的理解,“Incontrast,marriageswherethefemalestatusisobviouslyinferior,includingarrangedmarriages,thereisagreaterstability.(相比之下,女性地位明顯低下的婚姻,包括包辦婚姻,則有較大的穩(wěn)定性。)”即可得出本題答案。

6.主旨大意題。通過對(duì)全文的理解和歸納,“howfragilearethemarriagesofthoseinwhichthefemalehasthewhiphandintheshapeoffame,success,andwealth.”“Morechoosy,andthereforelesssuccessful.”“Perhapsthebrainywomendidnotwanttogetmarried.”從而得出本題答案。

5.單選題

Sincethefirstbrainscannerwasconstructedseveralyearsago,computedtomographyorcomputedmedicalimagery,hasbecomefairlywidelyused.ItsrapidacceptanceisduetothefactthatithasovercomeseveralofthedrawbacksofconventionalX-raytechnology.

Tobeginwith,conventionaltwo-dimensionalX-raypicturescannotshowalloftheinformationcontainedinathree-dimensionalobject.Thingsatdifferentdepthsaresuperimposed,causingconfusiontotheviewer.Computedtomographycangivethree-dimensionalinformation.Thecomputerisabletoreconstructpicturesofthebody'sinteriorbymeasuringthevaryingintensitiesofX-raybeamspassingthroughsectionsofthebodyfromhundredsofdifferentangles.Suchpicturesarebasedonseriesofthin…slices".

Inaddition,conventionalX-raygenerallydifferentiatesonlybetweenboneandair,asinthechestandlungs.Theycannotdistinguishsofttissuesorvariationsintissues.Theliverandpancreasarenotdiscernibleatall,andcertainotherorgansmaxonlyberenderedvisiblethroughtheuseofradioopaquedye.Sincecomputedtomographyismuchmoresensitive,thesofttissuesofthekidneysorthelivercanbeseenandclearlydifferentiated.ThistechniquecanalsoaccuratelymeasuredifferentdegreesofX-rayabsorption,facilitatingthestudyofthenatureof'tissue.

AthirdproblemwithconventionalX-raymethodsistheirinabilitytomeasurequantitativelytheseparatedensitiesoftheindividualsubstancesthroughwhichtheX-rayhaspassed.Onlythemeanabsorptionofallthetissuesisrecorded.Thisisnotaproblemwithcomputedtomography.Itcanaccuratelylocateatumorandsubsequentlymonitortheprogressofradiationtreatment,sothatinadditiontoitsdiagnosticcapabilities,itcanplayasignificantroleintherapy.

1.ConventionalX-raysmainlyshowthedifferencebetween()

.

2.Whatkindofviewismadepossiblebycontiguouscrosssectionsofthebody?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,comparedtoconventionalX-raytechniques,computedtomographyismore()

.

4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthisnewtechnique?

5.Accordingtothepassage,computedtomographycanbeusedforallofthefollowingEXCEPT()

.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.boneandair

B.liverandpancreas

C.muscleandotherbodytissues

D.heartandlungs

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Two-dimensional.

B.Three-dimensional.

C.Animated.

D.Intensified.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.compact

B.rapid

C.economical

D.informative

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Cautious.

B.Tolerant.

C.Enthusiastic.

D.Critical.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.monitoringapatient'sdisease

B.diagnosingdisorders

C.locatingtumors

D.reconstructingdamagedtissues

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:根據(jù)第三段的第一句“ConventionalX-raygenerallydifferentiatesonlybetweenboneandair...”可知,選項(xiàng)A正確。

第2題:根據(jù)第二段的第三句“Computedtomographycangivethree-dimensionalinformation.”可知,選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

第3題:通讀全文可知,計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描相對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)射線掃描來說,能夠顯示三維物體所包含的所有信息,能夠清楚地看到更深層次的組織,以及通過物質(zhì)的密度進(jìn)行定位,這些都說明計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描相對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)射線掃描來說更加信息化。只有選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

第4題:通讀全文可知,作者對(duì)這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)的態(tài)度是積極的,看好的。選項(xiàng)A謹(jǐn)慎的;選項(xiàng)B寬容的;選項(xiàng)D批評(píng)的,都不符合原文。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

第5題:根據(jù)原文可知,計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描可以監(jiān)測(cè)患者的疾??;可以診斷疾?。豢梢远ㄎ荒[瘤,但不能重建受損組織。所以選D。

6.單選題

ShoppinghabitsintheUnitedStateshavechangedgreatlyinthelastquarterofthe20thcentury.(1)

inthe1900smostAmericantownsandcitieshadaMainStreet.MainStreetwasalwaysintheheartofatown.Thisstreetwas(2)

onbothsideswithmany(3)

businesses.Here,shopperswalkedintostorestolookatallsortsofmerchandise:clothing,furniture,hardware,groceries.(4)

,someshopsoffered(5)

.Theseshopsincludeddrugstores,restaurants,shoerepairstores,andbarberorhairdressingshops.(6)

inthe1950s,achangebeganto(7)

.ToomanyautomobileshadcrowdedintoMainStreet(8)

toofewparkingplaceswere(9)

shoppers.Becausethestreetswerecrowded,merchantsbegantolookwithinterestattheopenspaces(10)

thecitylimits.Openspaceiswhattheircardrivingcustomersneeded.Andopenspaceiswhattheygot(11)

thefirstshoppingcenterwasbuilt.Shoppingcenters,orrathermalls,(12)

asacollectionofsmallnewstores(13)

crowdedcitycenters.(14)

byhundredsoffreeparkingspace,customersweredrawnawayfrom(15)

areastooutlyingmalls.Andthegrowing(16)

ofshoppingcentersled(17)

tothebuildingofbiggerandbetter-stockedstores.(18)

thelate1970s,manyshoppingmallshadalmostdevelopedintosmallcitiesthemselves.Inadditiontoprovidingthe(19)

ofone-stopshopping,mallsweretransformedintolandscapedparks,(20)

benches,fountains,andoutdoorentertainment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Asearlyas

B.Early

C.Earlyas

D.Earlier

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.built

B.designed

C.intended

D.lined

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.varied

B.various

C.sorted

D.mixedup

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Apartfrom

B.However

C.Inaddition

D.Aswell

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.medicalcare

B.food

C.cosmetics

D.services

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Suddenly

B.Abruptly

C.Contrarily

D.But

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.betakingplace

B.takeplace

C.betakenplace

D.havetakenplace

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.while

B.yet

C.though

D.andthen

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.availablefor

B.availableto

C.usedby

D.readyfor

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.over

B.from

C.outof

D.outside

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.when

B.while

C.since

D.then

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.started

B.founded

C.setup

D.organized

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.outof

B.awayfrom

C.nextto

D.near

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.Attracted

B.Surprised

C.Delighted

D.Enjoyed65.

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.inner

B.central

C.shopping

D.downtown66.

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.distinction

B.fame

C.popularity

D.liking67.

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.inturn

C.byturns

D.further68.

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.By

B.During

C.In

D.Towards69.

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.cheapness

B.readiness

C.convenience

D.handiness70.

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.becauseof

B.and

C.with

D.provided

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

第6題:D

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:B

第10題:D

第11題:A

第12題:A

第13題:B

第14題:A

第15題:D

第16題:C

第17題:B

第18題:A

第19題:C

第20題:C

【解析】1.【試題解析】考查單詞用法。A項(xiàng)asearlyas“同……一樣早”;B項(xiàng)early可為形容詞也可為副詞,做副詞時(shí)意為“早期”;C選項(xiàng)沒有earlyas這種搭配;D選項(xiàng)earlier“較早”,為early的比較級(jí)。由空格后“inthe1900s”可知是指20世紀(jì)初期、早期,所以B選項(xiàng)符合題意。句意:在20世紀(jì)初,大多數(shù)美國城鎮(zhèn)都有一條主要街道。

2.【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)built“建造,建立”;B項(xiàng)designed“設(shè)計(jì);計(jì)劃”;C項(xiàng)intended“故意的,有意的”;D項(xiàng)lined“排隊(duì)、填滿”。由空格后“businesses”可知是指街道兩邊排列的大大小小的商店,所以D選項(xiàng)符合題意。句意:街道的兩旁排列著很多各種各樣的商店。

3.【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)varied“各式各樣的”;B項(xiàng)various“各種各樣的;多方面的”;C項(xiàng)sorted“(非正式)組織好的”;D項(xiàng)mixedup“混淆不清的,困惑的”。varied和various都可以指同一范疇的不同種類,在表示“各種各樣,各不相同的”意思時(shí),一般可以換用,只是前者側(cè)重于“不同”的含義,后者則側(cè)重于種類數(shù)目的“多”。由空格后“businesses”可知是指街道兩邊排列的各種不同種類的商店,側(cè)重于種類數(shù)目的多,所以B選項(xiàng)符合題意。句意:街道的兩旁排列著很多各種各樣的商店。

4.【試題解析】考查前后邏輯關(guān)系。A項(xiàng)Apartfrom“遠(yuǎn)離,除……之外”,后必須接名詞或動(dòng)名詞;B項(xiàng)However“無論如何;不管怎樣”;C項(xiàng)Inaddition“除此之外”可單獨(dú)使用;D項(xiàng)Aswell“也;同樣地”,一般用于句末。由空格前后可知是指商店除了銷售商品,還提供服務(wù),所以C選項(xiàng)符合題意。句意:除了各種各樣的商店銷售各種各樣的商品之外,有些商店還提供服務(wù)。

5.【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)medicalcare“醫(yī)療護(hù)理”;B項(xiàng)food“食物”;C項(xiàng)cosmetic“化妝品”;D項(xiàng)service“服務(wù)”。由空格前“someshops”可知商店是提供服務(wù)的地方,所以D選項(xiàng)符合題意。句意:除了各種各樣的商店銷售各種各樣的商品之外,有些商店還提供服務(wù)。

6.【試題解析】考查前后邏輯關(guān)系。A項(xiàng)Suddenly“突然”;B項(xiàng)Abruptly“突然地;唐突地”;C項(xiàng)Contrarily“相反地;反之”;D項(xiàng)But“但是”。由空格后“achange”可知這里表示轉(zhuǎn)折且需填入一個(gè)連詞,所以D選項(xiàng)符合題意。句意:但是在五十年代,情況發(fā)生了變化。

7.【試題解析】考查語法知識(shí)。takeplace只有主動(dòng)語態(tài),故可排除C,而beginto后應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞不定式,只有takeplace“發(fā)生”可用,所以B選項(xiàng)符合題意。句意:但是在五十年代,情況發(fā)生了變化。

8.【試題解析】考查前后邏輯關(guān)系。A項(xiàng)while是連詞,“而,卻”,表比較;B項(xiàng)yet“然而”,表轉(zhuǎn)折;C項(xiàng)though“盡管,雖然”,表讓步;D項(xiàng)andthen“然后”。根據(jù)空格前后“Toomanyautomobiles”和“toofewparkingplaces”可知,太多的車與很少的停車場(chǎng)是一個(gè)對(duì)比關(guān)系,所以A選項(xiàng)符合題意。句意:參考59題。

9.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)availablefor“可用于……的;對(duì)……有效的”;B項(xiàng)availableto“可以用來,現(xiàn)有的”;C項(xiàng)useby“在……以前使用”;D項(xiàng)readyfor“對(duì)……有適合準(zhǔn)備”。根據(jù)空格后“shoppers”再加上beavailabletosb.為固定搭配,意為“對(duì)某人來說可用的,可得到的”,所以B選項(xiàng)符合題意。句意:主干道上擠滿了太多的汽車,而可供購物者停車的地方卻太少。

10.【試題解析】考查方位詞辨析。A項(xiàng)over“在……上面”;B項(xiàng)from“從……起;從……開始”;C項(xiàng)outof“……的外面”;D項(xiàng)outside“外面”,多指超過某一個(gè)界限、范圍等。根據(jù)空格后“thecitylimits”可知這里是指城市界限之外的地方,所以D選項(xiàng)符合題意。句意:由于道路擁擠,商人們開始對(duì)城市界限以外的開闊地感興趣。

11.【試題解析】考查語法知識(shí)。由空格后“thefirstshoppingcenterwasbuilt”可知這里是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句,所以只能用when,所以A選項(xiàng)符合題意。B項(xiàng)while“在……期間”,表示一段時(shí)間;C項(xiàng)since“自從”,主句一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);D選項(xiàng)then“之后”,在此語義不符。句意:當(dāng)?shù)谝粋€(gè)購物中心建成時(shí),他們得到了開放的空間。

12.【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)started“開始”;B項(xiàng)founded“建立(found的過去分詞);創(chuàng)立”;C項(xiàng)setup“建立”;D項(xiàng)organized“組織”。由空格后“asacollectionofsmallnewstores”(作為一些小商店的集合)可知這里是指大的商場(chǎng)都是由小的商店開始的,所以A選項(xiàng)符合題意。句意:購物中心是從聚集一些小的店鋪開始的。

13.【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)outof“在……之外”;B項(xiàng)awayfrom表示距離,“遠(yuǎn)離”;C項(xiàng)nextto“靠近,下一個(gè)”;D項(xiàng)near“近的”。由空格后“crowdedcitycenters”(擁擠的市中心)可知這里是指遠(yuǎn)離,所以B選項(xiàng)符合題意。句意:購物中心,或者更確切地說是商場(chǎng),最初是在擁擠的城市中心之外的一些小的新商店的集合。

14.【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)Attracted“吸引”;B項(xiàng)surprise“使……驚奇”;C項(xiàng)delight“使……喜悅”;D項(xiàng)enjoy“欣賞,喜愛”。由空格后“byhundredsoffreeparkingspace”(數(shù)以百計(jì)的免費(fèi)停車位),再聯(lián)系前文提到街道擁擠,所以免費(fèi)停車位會(huì)吸引無數(shù)的人,所以A項(xiàng)符合語義。句意:被數(shù)百個(gè)免費(fèi)停車位所吸引。

15.【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)inner指“內(nèi)部的;內(nèi)心的”;B項(xiàng)central“中心的;主要的”;C項(xiàng)shopping“購物,買東西”;D項(xiàng)downtown“市中心的”。由前后語義可知顧客被免費(fèi)停車位從市中心吸引到城市外的商業(yè)中心,所以D項(xiàng)符合語義。句意:在數(shù)百個(gè)免費(fèi)停車位的吸引下,顧客們紛紛從市中心涌向郊外的購物中心。

16.【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)distinction“聲望”;B項(xiàng)fame“卓越,好名聲”;C項(xiàng)popularity“普及,流行;名氣”,指名氣很大,知名度很高;D項(xiàng)liking“喜愛,喜好”。由空格后“shoppingcenters”可知是指購物中心的名氣,所以C項(xiàng)符合語義。句意:這些購物中心越來越大的名氣反過來導(dǎo)致了更大,設(shè)備更好的商店的建成。

17.【試題解析】考查前后邏輯關(guān)系。A項(xiàng)on“在……之上”;B項(xiàng)inturn“依次”,引申為“反過來”;C項(xiàng)byturns“輪流;交替”;D項(xiàng)further“進(jìn)一步地;而且”。由66題可知,名氣增大反過來促進(jìn)了建成更好的商店,所以B項(xiàng)符合語義。句意:這些購物中心越來越大的名氣反過來導(dǎo)致了更大,設(shè)備更好的商店的建成。

18.【試題解析】考查語法知識(shí)。由空格后“thelate1970s”可知,只有by所組成的時(shí)間狀語與完成時(shí)連用,意為“到……為止”,其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均被排除,所以A項(xiàng)符合語義。句意:到20世紀(jì)70年代末,許多購物中心幾乎發(fā)展成了小城市。

19.【試題解析】考查名詞辨析與上下文語義。A項(xiàng)cheapness“廉價(jià)”;B項(xiàng)readiness“敏捷,迅速”;C項(xiàng)convenience“便利”;D項(xiàng)handiness“輕便;靈巧”。由空格前“providing”可知,convenience與providing組成短語“提供方便,便利”,符合上下文義,所以C項(xiàng)符合語義。句意:除了提供一站式購物的便利外。

20.【試題解析】考查介詞、連詞辨析。A項(xiàng)becauseof“由于”;B項(xiàng)and“和”;C項(xiàng)with“和……在一起,帶有”;D項(xiàng)provided“假如,倘若”。由空格前后“l(fā)andscapedparks,benches”可知,這里是指公園帶有何種基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,所以with在這里是帶有的意思,因此C項(xiàng)符合語義。句意:商業(yè)街被變成了帶有長(zhǎng)椅、噴泉及戶外娛樂的風(fēng)景優(yōu)美的公園。

7.單選題

Manyareuninhabitable,byvirtueoftheirsmallsizeandparticularcharacteristics,buteventhemostfavoredareveryisolatedfragmentsofland,strictlycircumscribedbytheocean,strictlylimitedintermsofthenumbersofpeopletheycansupport.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.located

B.flooded

C.restricted

D.pushed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)locate“位,查找……的地點(diǎn)”,B項(xiàng)flood“淹沒,泛濫,充滿”,C項(xiàng)restrict“限制,約束,限定”,D項(xiàng)push“推動(dòng),增加”。句意:由于面積小和特殊的特點(diǎn),許多島嶼無法居住,但即使是最受歡迎的島嶼也是非常孤立的陸地碎片,受到海洋的嚴(yán)格限制,能夠養(yǎng)活的人口數(shù)量也受到嚴(yán)格限制。circumscribe在句中表示“限制”。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

8.單選題

Weallhaveoffensivebreathatonetimeoranother.Inmostcases,offensivebreathemanatesfrombacteriainthemouth,althoughthereareother,moresurprisingcauses.Untilafewyearsago,themostdoctorscoulddowastocounselpatientswithbadbreathaboutoralcleanliness.Nowtheyarefindingnewwaystotreattheusuallycurablecondition.

Badbreathcanhappenwheneverthenormalflowofsalivaslows.Ourmouthsarefullofbacteriafeedingonproteininbitsoffoodandshedtissue.Thebacteriaemitevil-smellinggases,therestofwhichishydrogensulfide.Mouthbacteriathriveinairlessconditions.Oxygen-richsalivakeepstheirnumbersdown.Whenwesleep,forexample,thesalivastreamslows,andsulfur-producingbacteriagaintheupperhand,producingclassic“morningbreath”.Alcohol,hunger,toomuchtalking,breathingthroughthemouthduringexercise—anythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath.Socanstress,thoughit’snotunderstoodwhy.Somepeople’sbreathturnssoureverytimetheygoonajobinterview.Salivaflowgraduallyslowswithage,whichexplainswhytheelderlyhavemorebad-breathtroublethanyoungerpeopledo.Babies,however,whomakeplentyofsalivaandwhosemouthscontainrelativelyfewbacteriahavecharacteristicallysweetbreath.

Formostofus,thesimple,dry-mouthvarietyofabadbreathiseasilycured.Eatingordrinkingstartssalivaandsweepsawaymanyofthebacteria.Breakfastoftenstopsmorningbreath.Thosewithchronicdrymouthfindthatithelpstokeepgum,hardcandy,orabottleofwaterorjuicearound.Brushingtheteethwipesoutdry-mouthbadbreathbecauseitclearsawaymanyoftheoffendingbacteria.

Surprisingly,onethingthatrarelyworksismouthwash.Theliquidcanmaskbad-breathodorwithitsownsmell,buttheeffectlastsnomorethananhour.Somemouthwashesclaimtokillthebacteriaresponsibleforbadbreath.Thetroubleis,theydon’tnecessarilyreachalloffendinggerms.Mostbacteriaarewellprotectedfrommouthwashunderthicklayersofmucus.Ifthemouthwashcontainsalcohol—asmostdo—itcanintensifytheproblembydryingoutthemouth.

36.Thephrase“emanatefrom”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“______”.

37.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasoneofthecausesofbadbreath?

38.Accordingtothepassage,alcoholhassomethingtodowithbadbreathmainlybecause______.

39.Mouthwashesarenotaneffectivecureforbadbreathmainlybecause______.

40.Wecaninferfromthispassagethat______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thriveon

B.accountfor

C.originatefrom

D.descendfrom

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Toothtrouble

B.Sulfur-richfood

C.Toomuchexercise

D.Mentalstrain

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itkeepsoffendingbacteriafromreproducing

B.itssmelladdstobaddeath

C.itkillssomehelpfulbacteria

D.itaffectsthenormalflowofsaliva

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theycan’tmaskthebadodorlongenough

B.theycan’tgettoalltheoffendingbacteria

C.theirstrongsmellmixeswithbadbreathandmakesitworse

D.theycan’tcoverthethicklayersofmucus

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.offensivebreathcan’teasilybecured

B.elderlypeoplearelessoffendedbybadbreath

C.heavydrinkersarelessaffectedbybadbreath

D.offensivebreathislessaffectedbyalcohol

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】36.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】語義推測(cè)題。題干意思是“第一段中的emanatefrom最可能的意思是……”。定位到第一段第二句Inmostcases,offensivebreathemanatesfrombacteriainthemouth,althoughthereareother,moresurprisingcauses.(在大多數(shù)情況下,令人不快的口氣emanatesfrom口腔中的細(xì)菌,盡管還有其他更令人驚訝的原因),根據(jù)后面的causes可知,offensivebreath和bacteriainthemouth之間應(yīng)該是一個(gè)因果關(guān)系,是bacteria導(dǎo)致了offensivebreath,那么可以反推,offensivebreath是來源于bacteria,故C項(xiàng)“發(fā)源于”正確。A項(xiàng)“以……成長(zhǎng)”、B項(xiàng)“解釋”和D項(xiàng)“由……傳下來的”都不符合。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

37.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是“下列哪項(xiàng)被認(rèn)為是造成口臭的原因之一?”。定位第一段第二句Inmostcases,offensivebreathemanatesfrombacteriainthemouth(在大多數(shù)情況下,令人不快的口氣來自口腔中的細(xì)菌)可知,口臭來自于口腔中的細(xì)菌,而細(xì)菌通常容易造成牙齒問題,所以A項(xiàng)“牙齒問題”是口臭的一個(gè)原因。定位第二段第六句Whenwesleep,forexample,thesalivastreamslows,andsulfur-producingbacteriagaintheupperhand,producingclassic“morningbreath”.(例如,當(dāng)我們睡覺時(shí),唾液流得很慢,產(chǎn)生硫的細(xì)菌占了上風(fēng),產(chǎn)生了所謂的“早晨口氣”)可知,含硫的細(xì)菌能夠?qū)е驴诔簦訠項(xiàng)“高硫的食物”是原因之一。定位第七句Alcohol,hunger,toomuchtalking,breathingthroughthemouthduringexercise—anythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath.(酒精、饑餓、說話太多、運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)用嘴呼吸,任何使口腔干燥的東西都會(huì)產(chǎn)生口臭)可知,C項(xiàng)“太多的運(yùn)動(dòng)”也符合原文。定位到第二段倒數(shù)第四句Socanstress,thoughit’snotunderstoodwhy.(壓力也是如此,雖然不知道為什么),以及第五句Somepeople'sbreathturnssoureverytimetheygoonajobinterview.(有些人每次去面試時(shí)口氣都會(huì)變酸)可知,壓力也會(huì)造成口氣問題,而D項(xiàng)“精神緊張”并不是壓力問題,屬于曲解原文。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

38.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)這篇文章,酒精與口臭有關(guān)的主要原因是……”。定位文章最后一句Ifthemouthwashcontainsalcohol—asmostdo—itcanintensifytheproblembydryingoutthemouth.(如果漱口水中含有酒精—大多數(shù)漱口水都含有酒精—會(huì)使口腔干燥,從而加劇這一問題)可知,含有酒精的漱口水會(huì)使口腔干燥,從而產(chǎn)生口臭,原因是唾液流動(dòng)變得緩慢,那么推斷,酒精與口臭有關(guān)的主要原因是因?yàn)槭沟每谇煌僖毫鲃?dòng)緩慢,所以D項(xiàng)“它影響唾液的正常流動(dòng)”正確。A項(xiàng)“它可以阻止有害細(xì)菌的繁殖”是漱口水的作用,并不是酒精,屬于張冠李戴。B項(xiàng)“它的氣味增加了死亡的危險(xiǎn)”和C項(xiàng)“它殺死一些有益的細(xì)菌”沒提到,屬于無中生有。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

39.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是“漱口水不能有效治療口臭,主要是因?yàn)椤?。定位到最后一段,Somemouthwashesclaimtokillthebacteriaresponsibleforbadbreath.Thetroubleis,theydon’tnecessarilyreachalloffendinggerms.Mostbacteriaarewellprotectedfrommouthwashunderthicklayersofmucus.(一些漱口水聲稱能殺死導(dǎo)致口腔異味的細(xì)菌。問題是,它們不一定能觸及所有有害細(xì)菌。在厚厚的黏液層下,大多數(shù)細(xì)菌都能很好地免受漱口水的侵害。)可知,漱口水不能治療口臭是因?yàn)楹窈竦酿ひ簩痈采w了有害細(xì)菌,所以漱口水不能觸及到所有的有害細(xì)菌,B項(xiàng)“它們不能接觸到所有有害的細(xì)菌”正確。A項(xiàng)“它們不能長(zhǎng)時(shí)間掩蓋臭味”,這和治療口臭無關(guān),屬于出處錯(cuò)位。C項(xiàng)“它們強(qiáng)烈的氣味和口臭混合在一起,使情況更糟”沒有提到,屬于無中生有。D項(xiàng)“它們不能覆蓋厚厚的黏液層”屬于曲解原文,漱口水不能治療口臭的原因是厚厚的黏液層使得漱口水不能接觸到所有的有害細(xì)菌,并不是不能覆蓋厚厚的黏液層的原因。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

40.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從這篇文章我們可以推斷出……”。文章前兩段描述了引起口臭的多種原因,包括酒精、饑餓、說話太多、運(yùn)動(dòng)等使口腔干燥的因素,后兩段闡述了能夠增加唾液流動(dòng)和掩蓋口臭的方法,綜合可以推斷,引起口臭的因素有很多,所以并不是很容易治好,A項(xiàng)“口臭不容易治好”正確。定位第二段倒數(shù)第二句Salivaflowgraduallyslowswithage,whichexplainswhytheelderlyhavemorebad-breathtroublethanyoungerpeopledo.(隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng),唾液的流動(dòng)會(huì)逐漸減慢,這也解釋了為什么老年人比年輕人更容易出現(xiàn)口臭問題),原文提到了老年人比年輕人更容易口臭的原因,但B項(xiàng)“老年人對(duì)口臭不太反感”并未提及,也無從推斷,屬于無中生有。原文提到了酒精會(huì)使口腔干燥,從而導(dǎo)致口臭,所以酗酒者更加受到口臭的影響,C項(xiàng)“酗酒者受口臭的影響較小”和D項(xiàng)“口臭受酒精的影響較小”都屬于反向干擾。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

9.單選題

()beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hadtheyarrived

B.Wouldtheyarrive

C.Weretheyarriving

D.Weretheytoarrive

【答案】D

【解析】句意:如果他們能夠在我們后天出發(fā)之前趕到,我們就能晚上一起聚餐了。

語法題??疾樘摂M語氣。主句部分為shouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty,因此這里為與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣。故從句部分應(yīng)該是Iftheyweretoarrive。從句部分可以省略if,把should/were提前,構(gòu)成省略倒裝。故選D。

10.單選題

Thewagesofmanuallaborersstaypainfullylow,meaningdigitalizationcoulddriveanevendeeper()betweentherichandpoor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.boundary

B.difference

C.wedge

D.variation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)boundary“邊界,范圍”,B項(xiàng)difference“差異,不同”,C項(xiàng)wedge“楔子,不和”,D項(xiàng)variation“變化,變異,變種”。句意:體力勞動(dòng)者的工資維持在令人痛苦的低水平,這意味著數(shù)字化可能會(huì)加深富人和窮人之間的隔閡。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,只有wedge的意思與句意相近;因此,該題C項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Itiswellknownthatwhenanindividualjoinsagrouphetendstoacceptthegroup’sstandardsofbehaviorandthinking.Heisexpectedtobehaveinaccordancewiththesenormsinotherwords,thegroupexpectshimtoconform.Manyillustrationscouldbegivenofthisfromeverydaylife,butwhatisofparticularinteresttopsychologistsistheextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.

Inatypicalexperiment,theexperimenterasksforvolunteerstojoinagroupthatisinvestigatingvisualperception.Thevictimsarenot,therefore,awareoftherealpurposeoftheexperiment.Eachvolunteeristakentoaroomwherehefindsagroupofaboutsevenpeoplewhoarecollaboratingwiththeexperimenter.Thegroupisshownastandardcardwhichcontainsasingleline.Theyarethenaskedtolookatasecondcard.Thishasthreelinesonit.Oneisobviouslylongerthanthelineonthefirstcard,oneisshorterandonethesamelength.Theyhavetosaywhichlineonthesecondcardisthesamelengthasthelineonthestandardcard.Theothermembersofthegroupanswerfirstbutwhatthevolunteerdoesnotknowisthattheyhavebeentoldtopickoneofthewronglines.Thevolunteerseesthattheothermembersofthegroupunanimouslychoosealinewhichisobviouslynotthesamelengthastheoneonthestandardcard.

Whenitishisturntoanswerheisfacedwiththeunanimousopinionofthegroup—alltheothershavechosenlineAbuthequiteclearlyseeslineBascorrect.Whatwillhedo?AccordingtoAsch,morethanhalfofthevictimschosenwillchangetheiropinion.Whatisequallysurprisingisthat,wheninterviewedabouttheiranswers,mostexplainedthattheyknewthegroupchoicewasincorrectbutthattheyyieldedtothepressureofthegroupbecausetheythoughttheymustbesufferingfromanopticalillusion.

1.Psychologistsareinterestedin(

).

2.Intheexperiment,whohavebeentoldtopickthewrongline?

3.Inwhatcircumstancesdomostpeopleyieldtopressure?

4.Theexperimentsdemonstratethat(

).

5.Thebesttitleofthispassagewouldbe(

).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.howfargrouppressurecaninfluencepeople’sjudgments

B.howtomakejudgmentsaccordingtoeverydayexperience

C.howtochangepeople’sjudgments

D.thegroup’sstandardsofsocialbehavior

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thevictims.

B.Thevolunteer.

C.Theexperimenter.

D.Theothermembers.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Whenthegroupisseparated.

B.Whenthegroupisunanimous.

C.Whentheyknowtheyarethevictims.

D.Whentheyareforcedtoanswerquestions.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.nearlyeveryindividualwillbehavedifferentlyfromothers

B.grouppressureiscausedbytheinterferenceofthepsychologists.

C.psychologistswishtochangethepeople’sjudgmentsandopinions.

D.peoplewillchangetheirideasundergrouppressure.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ATypicalExperiment

B.AreWeAfraidtobeDifferent

C.TheGroup’sStandardsofBehaviorandThinking

D.DoseanIndividualNeedtoFollowaGroup’sStandards

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“whatisofparticularinteresttopsychologistsistheextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.”心理學(xué)家特別感興趣的是,團(tuán)體的壓力究竟會(huì)在多大程度上改變?nèi)藗兊呐袛嗪陀^點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“wrongline”定位到第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Theothermembersofthegroupanswerfirstbutwhatthevolunteerdoesnotknowisthattheyhavebeentoldtopickoneofthewronglines.”小組的其他成員先回答,但志愿者不知道的是,他們被告知要選錯(cuò)一條線。這里的“they”指的是上句提到的“Theothermembersofthegroup”,所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中超過一半的被選中的受害者會(huì)改變他們的觀點(diǎn)。大多數(shù)人解釋說,他們知道小組的選擇是錯(cuò)誤的,但他們最終屈服于小組的壓力,因?yàn)樾〗M的選擇是全體一致的。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.推理判斷題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)際上是想證明第一段提出的觀點(diǎn)“theextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.”團(tuán)體的壓力究竟會(huì)在多大程度上改變?nèi)藗兊呐袛嗪陀^點(diǎn)。最后得出結(jié)論,大多數(shù)會(huì)在團(tuán)體壓力下改變他們的想法。所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。文章在第一段提出觀點(diǎn)“當(dāng)一個(gè)人加入一個(gè)群體時(shí),他往往會(huì)接受這個(gè)群體的行為和思維標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”,后面通過實(shí)驗(yàn)來證明這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)A和C表述太籠統(tǒng),相對(duì)于選項(xiàng)D,選項(xiàng)B“我們害怕與眾不同嗎?”這個(gè)標(biāo)題更好。

12.單選題

Itistruethat____awildplantintoamajorfoodcropsuchaswheatrequiresmuchresearchtime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.multiplying

B.breedi

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