考研考博-英語-四川音樂學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川音樂學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Ifthatdeskisatleast100yearsold,itisanauthenticantiqueandvaluable.

問題1選項

A.real

B.ancient

C.eminent

D.obsolete

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.real真的B.ancient古老的

C.eminent杰出的D.obsolete廢棄的

【答案】A

【考查點】形容詞辨析

【解題思路】劃線詞修飾的是antique“古董”，原詞authentic“真的”，并且原句得出該結(jié)論的條件是“如果那張桌子至少有100年的歷史”，由此原句表達(dá)的是該古董是真品而非贗品。因此，A選項real“真的”與原詞詞義最接近，符合原句句意。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項不符合原詞詞義。

【句意】如果那張桌子至少有100年的歷史，那它就是一件真正的古董，并且價值不菲。

2.翻譯題

PartII.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish(25分)

如果分析不當(dāng)，造成誤解，就謹(jǐn)小慎微，不敢解放思想，不敢放開手腳。結(jié)果是喪失時機(jī)，猶如逆水行舟，不進(jìn)則退。（《鄧小平文選》第三卷）

【答案】Ifwefailtomakeaproperanalysisandthusincurmisunderstanding,wewillbecomeovercautiousanddarenotemancipateoutmindsandactboldly.Consequently,wewillloseopportunities.Likeaboatsailingagainstthecurrent,wemustforgeaheadorbesweptdownstream.

3.單選題

Imustleavenow.（

）ifyouwantthatbookIwillbringittomorrow.

問題1選項

A.Occasionally

B.Accidentally

C.Incidentally

D.Subsequently

【答案】C

【解析】副詞辨析題。A選項Occasionally“偶爾，間或”；B選項Accidentally“意外地，偶然地”；C選項Incidentally“順便，附帶地”；D選項Subsequently“隨后，后來”。句意：我必須得離開了。順便說一句，如果你想要那本書，我明天就帶過來。選項C符合語境。

4.單選題

Theydecidedto____theirdifferencesinpursuitofacommongoal.

問題1選項

A.submit

B.surrender

C.substitute

D.submerge

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.submit屈從B.surrender投降

C.substitute替代D.submerge湮滅

【答案】D

【考查點】語義銜接與動詞辨析

【解題思路】空格處所在部分語義為“____他們的差異”，由此可知，該動詞為及物動詞，直接帶賓語“他們的差異”；根據(jù)后文“為了追求一個共同的目標(biāo)”可知，他們應(yīng)該是放棄了、擱置了或消除了差異，以追求共同的目標(biāo)。綜上所述，D選項submerge“湮滅”最符合題意，submergetheirdifferences“消除他們的差異”。

【干擾項排除】

A選項submit“屈從”，常搭配介詞to，原句中沒有介詞，側(cè)重于指向……屈服，不得已接受；

B選項surrender“投降”，常搭配介詞to，原句中沒有介詞，側(cè)重于指投降或被迫放棄；

C選項substitute“替代”，不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】他們決定消除分歧以追求一個共同的目標(biāo)。

5.單選題

Somesportsequipmentrequiresaspecial（

）.

問題1選項

A.insulation

B.preservation

C.snap

D.grip

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。insulation“絕緣，隔離，孤立”；preservation“保存，保留”；snap“猛咬，劈啪聲”；grip“緊握，柄，支配”。句意：有些體育器材需要特殊存放。選項B符合題意。

6.單選題

Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Theywillpickupsomesouvenirsorgiftitems.

B.Theywillhavetheirvehicleswashedorserviced.

C.Theywilltakeadvantageofthetimetorestawhile.

D.Theywillbuysomethingfromtheconveniencestores.14.

問題2選項

A.Theymayeventuallydriveonetobankruptcy.

B.Theyshouldbedoneawaywithaltogether.

C.Theyaremeantfortheextremelywealthy.

D.Theycanbringonlytemporarypleasures.15.

問題3選項

A.Smalldailysavingscanmakeabigdifferenceinone’slife.

B.Avacationwillbeaffordableifonesaves20dollarsaweek.

C.Retirementsavingsshouldcomefirstinone’sfamilybudgeting.

D.Agoodwaytosocializeistohavedailylunchwithone’scolleagues.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

【解析】PassageTwo

It’snoaccidentthatmostgasstationshaveconveniencestoresattached.[13]Fewofuscanfillupthetankwithoutbuyingafewsnacks,cigarettes,softdrinksorotheritemswecanlivewithout.Ideserveit.That’swhathardworkingmenandwomensaytojustifytheirlavishvacations,bigstereosystemsorregularrestaurantmeals.Theydodeservesuchindulgences.However,theyalsodeserveahomeoftheirown—asecureretirementandfreedomfromworryingaboutunpaidbills.NooneshouldhavetolivewithwhataTexasmotherdescribedasconstantstress,tension,evenfearaboutmoney.[14]Sadly,thepleasurethatcomesfromextravagancesoftendisappearslongbeforethebillsdo.Thevideocamerathatonesinglemotherboughtforaspecialoccasion,forexample,isnotmuchfunnow.She’sfiguredoutthatitwilltakeheranotherthreeyearstopayitoffat$30amonth.AndtheNewYorkerswhospentabundleonanoutdoorhottubnowadmittheyrarelyuseit,becausewecan’taffordtoheatitinwinter.Thesolution:setpriorities—adduptheannualcostofeachitem,thenconsiderwhatelseyoucouldbuywiththesamemoney.Thatwillhelpyoudecidewhichitemsarereallyworthit.OneChicagowoman,forexample,discoveredthatdailyluncheswithcoworkerscosther$2,000ayear;shedecidedtotakelunchtoworkinstead.[15]“Inowput$20aweekintomyvacationfundandanother20intoretirementsavings,”shesays.“Thosemeanmoretomethanlunch.”

13.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutdriverswhostopatgasstations?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于停在加油站的司機(jī)，說話者說了什么？錄音開頭提到，大部分加油站旁邊都會有便利店。很少人在加油站給車輛加油時不會順道去買一些零食、煙、軟飲料等。由此可知，D選項“他們會在便利店買一些東西”正確。A選項“他們會挑選一些紀(jì)念品或者禮物”；B選項“他們會將車輛拿去清洗或進(jìn)行其他服務(wù)”和C選項“他們會利用時間休息一會兒”在錄音中均未提及。

14.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutextravagances?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于奢侈，說話者說了什么？錄音提到，一些努力工作賺錢的人認(rèn)為他們花錢奢侈地度假、買巨型的立體音響，或者去餐館吃飯都無可厚非，但是這種享受奢侈消費帶來的快樂很短暫，通常在你的賬單尚未還清時就已消失殆盡。由此可知，D選項“它們只能帶來短暫的快樂”與錄音原文表述一致。A選項“它們最終會使人走向破產(chǎn)”；B選項“它們應(yīng)該被徹底摒棄”和C選項“它們代表著非常富有”均不正確。

15.WhatdoesthespeakerwanttoshowbytheexampleoftheChicagowoman?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問說話者想通過芝加哥女士的例子表明什么？錄音最后舉了一個例子：一個生活在芝加哥的女士發(fā)現(xiàn)，自己每天跟同事一起吃午飯所花的錢一年累計下來達(dá)兩千美元。后來該女士就開始自己帶午餐。接著她說到自己如今每星期都會把節(jié)省下來的錢分別存儲到旅游資金和退休積蓄上，對她來說這錢省下來比花在午餐上更加有意義。由此可知，A選項“每日少量的積蓄對個人生活意義重大”符合題意。B選項“如果一個人每周節(jié)省20美元，度假是可以接受的”，錄音中只提到女士每周把20美元存到旅游資金中，并沒有說節(jié)省下來的這筆錢就能負(fù)擔(dān)得起旅游費用，因此排除B選項；C選項“退休儲蓄應(yīng)該排在家庭預(yù)算第一位”和D選項“交際的好方法就是與同事一起吃午飯”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，所以不正確。

7.翻譯題

1.Butisitreallythecase?TheinformationI’vecollectedoverlastfewyearsleadsmetobelievethatartisticandculturalprojectsmaybelessusefulthanmanygovernmentsthink.Infact,basicinfrastructureprojectsareplayingextremelyimportantroleandshouldbegivenpriority.

2.Thosewhoareinfavorofartisticandculturalprojectsadvocatethatculturalenvironmentwillattractmoretourists,whichwillbringhugeprofitstolocalresidents.Somepeopleevenequatethebuildingofsuchprojectswiththeimprovingofeconomicconstruction.

3.Thereisagrowingtendencythesedaysformanypeoplewholiveinruralareastocomeintoandworkincity.Thisproblemhascausedwidepublicconcerninmostcitiesallovertheworld.Aninvestigationshowsthatmanyemigrantsthinkthatworkingatcityprovidethemwithnotonlyahighersalarybutalsotheopportunityoflearningnewskills.

4.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,Ifirmlybelievethattimewillprovethattraditionaltechnologyandmethodswoulddieoutwiththedevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology.Themaintenanceofthetraditionaltechnologyandmethodsisfutile.

5.Todayanincreasingnumberofpeoplehaverealizedthatlaweducationisofgreatimportance.Inordertokeeplawandorder,everyoneofusissupposedtogetalaweducation.

【答案】1.但這是真的嗎？這些年我收集的信息讓我相信這些文化、藝術(shù)項目并沒有許多政府想象的那么重要。事實上，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)非常重要，應(yīng)該放在首位。

2.那些贊成建設(shè)文化藝術(shù)項目的人認(rèn)為文化環(huán)境會吸引更多的游客，這將給當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駧砭薮蟮睦?。一些人甚至把建設(shè)文化藝術(shù)項目與發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)等同起來。

3.農(nóng)民進(jìn)城打工正成為增長的趨勢。這一問題在世界上大部分城市已引起普遍關(guān)注。一項調(diào)查顯示很多民工認(rèn)為在城市打工不但有較高的收入，而且能學(xué)到一些新技術(shù)。

4.通過以上討論，我堅定地相信時間會證明傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)方法將會隨著現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的發(fā)展而消亡，堅持傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)方法是徒勞的。

5.現(xiàn)在，越來越多的人認(rèn)識到了法制教育的重要性。為了維護(hù)社會治安，我們每個人都應(yīng)該接受法制教育。

8.單選題

Low-levelslash-and-burnfarmingdoesn'tharmrain-forest.Onthecontrary,ithelpsfarmersandimprovesforestsoils.ThisistheunorthodoxviewofaGermansoilscientistwhohasshownthatburntclearingsintheAmazon,datingbackmorethan1,000years,helpedcreatepatchesofrich,fertilesoilthatfarmersstillbenefitfromtoday.

Mostrain-forestsoilsarethinandpoorbecausetheylackmineralsandbecausetheheatandheavyrainfalldestroymostorganicmatterinthesoilswithinfouryearsofitreachingtheforestfloor.Thismeanstopsoilcontainsfewoftheingredientsneededforlong-termsuccessfulfanning.

ButBrunoGlaser,asoilscientistoftheUniversityofBayreuth,hasstudiedunexpectedpatchesoffertilesoilsinthecentralAmazon.Thesesoilscontainlotsoforganicmatter.Glaserhasshownthatmostofthisfertileorganicmattercomesfrom"blackcarbon"——theorganicparticlesfromcampfiresandcharred（燒成炭的）woodleftoverfromthousandsofyearsofslash-and-burnfanning.“Thesoils,knownasTerraPreta,containedupto70timesmoreblackcarbonthanthesurroundingsoil，”saysGlaser.Unbumtvegetationrotsquickly,butblackcarbonpersistsinthesoilformanycenturies.RadiocarbondatingshowsthatthecharredwoodinTerraPretasoilsistypicallymorethan1,000yearsold.

“Slash-and-burnfarmingcanbegoodforsoilsprovideditdoesn’tcompletelyburnallthevegetation,andleavesbehindcharredwood,”saysGlaser.“Itcanbebetterthanmanure（糞肥）Burningtheforestjustoncecanleavebehindenoughblackcarbontokeepthesoilfertileforthousandsofyears.Andrain-forestseasilyregrowaftersmall-scaleclearing.Contrarytotheconventionalviewthathumanactivitiesdamagetheenvironment,Glasersays:“BlackcarboncombinedwithhumanwastesisresponsiblefortherichnessofTerraPretasoils.”

TerraPretasoilsturnupinlargepatchesallovertheAmazon,wheretheyarehighlyprizedbyfanners.Allthepatchesfallwithin500squarekilometersinthecentralAmazon.Glasersaysthewidespreadpresenceofpotteryconfirmsthesoil’shumanorigins.ThefindingsaddweighttothetheorythatlargeareasoftheAmazonhaverecoveredsowellfrompastperiodsofagriculturalusethattheregrowthhasbeenmistakenbygenerationsofbiologistsfor“virgin”forest.Duringthepastdecade,researchershavediscoveredhundredsoflargeearthworksdeepinthejungle.Theyareupto20metershighandcoveruptoasquarekilometer.Glaserclaimsthattheseearthworks,builtbetweenAD400and1400,wereattheheartofurbancivilizations.NowitseemstherichnessoftheTerraPretasoilsmayexplainhowsuchcivilizationsmanagedtofeedthemselves.

1.Welearnfromthepassagethatthetraditionalviewofslash-and-burnfarmingisthat（

）.

2.Mostrain-forestsoilsarethinandpoorbecause

（

）.

3.Glasermadehisdiscoveryby

（

）.

4.WhatdoesGlasersayabouttheregrowthofrain-forests?

5.Fromthepassageitcanbeinferredthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.itdoesnoharmtothetopsoiloftherain-forest

B.itdestroysrainforestsoils

C.ithelpsimproverain-forestsoils

D.itdiminishestheorganicmatterinrain-forestsoils

問題2選項

A.thecompositionofthetopsoilisratherunstable

B.blackcarboniswashedawaybyheavyrains

C.organicmatterisquicklylostduetoheatandrain

D.long-termfarminghasexhaustedtheingredientsessentialtoplantgrowth

問題3選項

A.studyingpatchesoffertilesoilsinthecentralAmazon

B.examiningpotteryleftoverbyancientcivilizations

C.test-burningpatchesoftreesinthecentralAmazon

D.radiocarbon-datingingredientscontainedinforestsoils

問題4選項

A.Theytakecenturiestoregrowafterbeingburnt.

B.Theycannotrecoverunlessthevegetationisburntcompletely.

C.Theirregrowthwillbehamperedbyhumanhabitation.

D.Theycanrecovereasilyafterslash-and-burnfarming.

問題5選項

A.humanactivitieswilldogravedamagetorain-forests

B.Amazonrain-forestsoilsusedtobetherichestintheworld

C.farmingisresponsibleforthedestructionoftheAmazonrain-forests

D.thereonceexistedanurbancivilizationintheAmazonrain-forests

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。由題干可知，我們需要找的是“thetraditionalviewofslash-and-burnfarming對于刀耕火種的傳統(tǒng)觀點”，這一信息出現(xiàn)在文章第一段“Low-levelslash-and-burnfarmingdoesn'tharmrain-forest.Onthecontrary,ithelpsfarmersandimprovesforestsoils.低水平的刀耕火種并不會損害雨林。相反，它有助于農(nóng)民和改善森林土壤?！蔽闹谐霈F(xiàn)了onthecontrary就說明出現(xiàn)了觀點對比，且后面補(bǔ)充說到“Thisistheunorthodoxview這是一種非正統(tǒng)的觀點”因此本句就是與傳統(tǒng)觀點相悖的地方。由此推出傳統(tǒng)觀點“刀耕火種會損害雨林”。B選項“它破壞雨林土壤”符合題意。

2.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵信息“thinandpoor薄且貧瘠”定位到文章第二段第一句“Mostrain-forestsoilsarethinandpoorbecausetheylackmineralsandbecausetheheatandheavyrainfalldestroymostorganicmatterinthesoilswithinfouryearsofitreachingtheforestfloor.大多數(shù)雨林土壤都很貧瘠，因為它們?nèi)狈ΦV物質(zhì)，而且高溫和強(qiáng)降雨會在土壤中的大部分有機(jī)物到達(dá)森林地面后的四年內(nèi)將其破壞?！币虼嗽蛟谟诟邷睾蛷?qiáng)降雨會使土壤中有機(jī)物質(zhì)迅速流失，這一點與C選項同義。

3.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。Glaser的研究結(jié)論由何而來，由題干定位到第三段第一句“ButBrunoGlaser,asoilscientistoftheUniversityofBayreuth,hasstudiedunexpectedpatchesoffertilesoilsinthecentralAmazon.但是，拜羅伊特大學(xué)的土壤科學(xué)家布魯諾?格拉澤(BrunoGlaser)研究了亞馬遜中部出人意料的肥沃土壤。”說明Glaser是研究了亞馬遜中部意外發(fā)現(xiàn)的肥沃土壤才有了上述結(jié)論，因此A選項“研究亞馬遜中部的肥沃土壤”正確。

4.觀點態(tài)度題。題干關(guān)鍵信息“theregrowthofrain-forests雨林的再生”出現(xiàn)在文章第四段倒數(shù)第二句“Andrain-forestseasilyregrowaftersmall-scaleclearing.雨林在小規(guī)模的清理后很容易再生。”對比四個選項發(fā)現(xiàn)D選項“在刀耕火種后，他們很容易恢復(fù)。”符合文意。

5.判斷推理題。A選項“人類活動將對熱帶雨林造成嚴(yán)重破壞”不符合文意，本文只是論述“刀耕火種創(chuàng)造的肥沃土壤使亞馬遜中的文明得以存在”這一觀點；B選項“亞馬遜雨林的土壤曾經(jīng)是世界上最肥沃的”文中并未提及；C選項“農(nóng)業(yè)對亞馬遜雨林的破壞負(fù)有責(zé)任”不屬于文章論述的主要觀點；D選項“在亞馬遜雨林中曾經(jīng)存在著一種城市文明”出現(xiàn)在文章最后一段，研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)亞馬遜雨林中存在陶器及上百座大土方，推知古代在這里存在過人類文明。因此D選項正確。

9.單選題

Persistentbullyingisoneoftheworstexperiencesachildcanface.Howcanitbeprevented?PeterSmith,ProfessorofPsychologyattheUniversityofSheffield,directedtheSheffieldAnti-BullyingInterventionProject,fundedbytheDepartmentforEducation.

Herethereportsonhisfindings.

SectionA

Bullyingcantakeavarietyofforms,fromtheverbal—beingtauntedorcalledhurtfulnames—tothephysical—beingkickedorshoved—aswellasindirectforms,suchasbeingexcludedfromsocialgroups.AsurveyIconductedwithIreneWhitneyfoundthatinBritishprimaryschoolsuptoaquarterofpupilsreportedexperienceofbullying,whichinaboutoneintencaseswaspersistent.Therewaslessbullyinginsecondaryschools,withaboutoneintwenty-fivesufferingpersistentbullying,butthesecasesmaybeparticularlyrecalcitrant.

SectionB

Bullyingisclearlyunpleasant,andcanmakethechildexperiencingitfeelunworthyanddepressed.Inextremecasesitcanevenleadtosuicide,thoughthisisthankfullyrare.Victimizedpupilsaremorelikelytoexperiencedifficultieswithinterpersonalrelationshipsasadults,whilechildrenwhopersistentlybullyaremorelikelytogrowuptobephysicallyviolent,andconvictedofanti-socialoffences.

SectionC

Untilrecently,notmuchwasknownaboutthetopic,andlittlehelpwasavailabletoteacherstodealwithbullying.Perhapsasaconsequence,schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.“Thereisnobullyingatthisschool”hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.Fortunatelymoreschoolsarenowsaying:“Thereisnotmuchbullyinghere,butwhenitoccurswehaveaclearpolicyfordealingwithit.”

SectionD

Threefactorsareinvolvedinthischange.Firstisanawarenessoftheseverityoftheproblem.Second,anumberofresourcestohelptacklebullyinghavebecomeavailableinBritain.Forexample,theScottishCouncilforResearchinEducationproducedapackageofmaterials,ActionAgainstBullying,circulatedtoallschoolsinEnglandandWalesaswellasinScotlandinsummer1992,withasecondpack,SupportingSchoolsAgainstBullying,producedthefollowingyear.InIreland,GuidelinesonCounteringBullyingBehaviourinPost-PrimarySchoolswaspublishedin1993.Third,thereisevidencethatthesematerialswork,andthatschoolscanachievesomething.Thiscomesfromcarefullyconducted“beforeandafter”evaluationsofinterventionsinschools,monitoredbyaresearchteam.InNorway,afteraninterventioncampaignwasintroducednationally,anevaluationofforty-twoschoolssuggestedthat,overatwoyearperiod,bullyingwashalved.TheSheffieldinvestigation,whichinvolvedsixteenprimaryschoolsandsevensecondaryschools,foundthatmostschoolssucceededinreducingbullying.

SectionE

Evidencesuggeststhatakeystepistodevelopapolicyonbullying,sayingclearlywhatismeantbybullying,andgivingexplicitguidelinesonwhatwillbedoneifitoccurs,whatrecordswillbekept,whowillbeinformed,whatsanctionswillbeemployed.Thepolicyshouldbedevelopedthroughconsultation,overaperiodoftime—notjustimposedfromtheheadteacher’soffice!Pupils,parentsandstaffshouldfeeltheyhavebeeninvolvedinthepolicy,whichneedstobedisseminatedandimplementedeffectively.

Otheractionscanbetakentobackupthepolicy.Therearewaysofdealingwiththetopicthroughthecurriculum,usingvideo,dramaandliterature.Theseareusefulforraisingawareness,andcanbestbetiedintoearlyphasesofdevelopment,whiletheschoolisstartingtodiscusstheissueofbullying.Theyarealsousefulinrenewingthepolicyfornewpupils,orrevisingitinthelightofexperience.Butcurriculumworkalonemayonlyhaveshorttermeffects;itshouldbeanadditiontopolicywork,notasubstitute.

Therearealsowaysofworkingwithindividualpupils,orinsmallgroups.Assertivenesstrainingforpupilswhoareliabletobevictimsisworthwhile,andcertainapproachestogroupbullyingsuchas“noblame”,canbeusefulinchangingthebehaviourofbullyingpupilswithoutconfrontingthemdirectly,althoughothersanctionsmaybeneededforthosewhocontinuewithpersistentbullying.

Workintheplaygroundisimportant,too.Onehelpfulstepistotrainlunchtimesupervisorstodistinguishbullyingfromplayfulfighting,andhelpthembreakupconflicts.Anotherpossibilityistoimprovetheplaygroundenvironment,sothatpupilsarelesslikelytobeledintobullyingfromboredomorfrustration.

SectionF

Withthesedevelopments,schoolscanexpectthatatleastthemostseriouskindsofbullyingcanlargelybeprevented.Themoreeffortputinandthewiderthewholeschoolinvolvement,themoresubstantialtheresultsarelikelytobe.Thereductioninbullying—andtheconsequentimprovementinpupilhappiness—issurelyaworthwhileobjective.

1.ArecentsurveyfoundthatinBritishsecondaryschools（）.

2.Childrenwhoarebullied（）.

3.Thewriterthinksthatthedeclaration“Thereisnobullyingatthisschool”（）.

4.WhatwerethefindingsofresearchcarriedoutinNorway?

問題1選項

A.therewasmorebullyingthanhadpreviouslybeenthecase

B.therewaslessbullyingthaninprimaryschools

C.casesofpersistentbullyingwereverycommon

D.indirectformsofbullyingwereparticularlydifficulttodealwith

問題2選項

A.aretwiceaslikelytocommitsuicideastheaverageperson

B.finditmoredifficulttorelatetoadults

C.arelesslikelytobeviolentinlaterlife

D.mayhavedifficultyformingrelationshipsinlaterlife

問題3選項

A.isnolongertrueinmanyschools

B.wasnotinfactmadebymanyschools

C.reflectedtheschool’slackofconcern

D.reflectedalackofknowledgeandresources

問題4選項

A.Bullyingdeclinedby50%afterananti-bullyingcampaign.

B.Twenty-oneschoolsreducedbullyingasaresultofananti-bullyingcampaign.

C.Twoyearsistheoptimumlengthforananti-bullyingcampaign.

D.BullyingisalessseriousprobleminNorwaythanintheUK.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章SectionA第二句，“AsurveyIconductedwithIreneWhitneyfoundthatinBritishprimaryschoolsuptoaquarterofpupilsreportedexperienceofbullying,whichinaboutoneintencaseswaspersistent.Therewaslessbullyinginsecondaryschools,withaboutoneintwenty-fivesufferingpersistentbullying,butthesecasesmaybeparticularlyrecalcitrant.”，調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)在英國有多達(dá)四分之一的學(xué)生有被欺凌的經(jīng)歷，中學(xué)的欺凌事件更少，大約二十五分之一的欺凌會持續(xù)下去?？膳袛喑鲋袑W(xué)的欺凌行為比小學(xué)的少，選項B符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章SectionB提到欺凌給小孩帶來的影響，包括讓孩子感到自卑和沮喪、導(dǎo)致自殺、長大后出現(xiàn)人際交往困難、更有可能在未來成為暴力分子，可判斷出選項A和B文章并未提及，選項C“在以后生活中不太可能有暴力行為”，與原文內(nèi)容相反，所以選項D“在以后可能會出現(xiàn)人際交往困難”符合文章意思，選項D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章SectionC“Untilrecently,notmuchwasknownaboutthetopic,andlittlehelpwasavailabletoteacherstodealwithbullying.Perhapsasaconsequence,schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.‘Thereisnobullyingatthisschool’hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.”，可知“Thereisnobullyingatthisschool”是學(xué)校提出的。學(xué)校聲稱沒有欺凌現(xiàn)象的原因在于人們對這個話題所知甚少，老師們也未能得到幫助來應(yīng)對欺凌。可判斷出學(xué)校否認(rèn)欺凌現(xiàn)象的原因在于知識和資源的缺乏。選項D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章SectionD“InNorway,afteraninterventioncampaignwasintroducednationally,anevaluationofforty-twoschoolssuggestedthat,overatwoyearperiod,bullyingwashalved.”，在挪威，一項干預(yù)措施在全國推廣后，對42所學(xué)校的評估表明，在兩年的時間里，欺凌現(xiàn)象減少了一半?？膳袛喑鲈谂餐M(jìn)行的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在一場反欺凌運動之后，欺凌事件減少了一半，選項A符合題意。

10.單選題

Akilnisatypeofoveninwhichclayis（

）sothatithardensintoaformofceramicmaterial.

問題1選項

A.repaired

B.baked

C.melted

D.lightened

【答案】B

【解析】repair修理，修補(bǔ)；bake烤，烘焙；melt使融化，使軟化；lighten使照亮，使輕松。句意：窯是一種把黏土燒制變硬成為陶瓷材料的爐子。選項B符合語境。

11.翻譯題

道別是一種社交禮儀，它象征一次活動的終結(jié)。

在英國、美國和其他許多西方國家，告別具有特定的程式化常見表達(dá)模式。這些表達(dá)模式依不同的時間、地點、參加人和文化而變化。一般來說，客人應(yīng)該先向主人告別。參加同一活動的兩位賓客應(yīng)該誰先告別并沒有特定要求。有意思的是，在西方國家，客人提出辭呈后不會馬上離去，而是會再多待上10到15分鐘再離開。出于禮貌，客人要反復(fù)告辭兩三次以表示自己確實不愿意離去。主人送客時會在門口與客人道別。更重要的是，客人要對主人的招待表示感謝，主人則要表示再次相聚的愿望。

在中國，送別客人所花費的時間要多得多。事實上，許多好客的主人會堅持把客人送出居民區(qū)，一直送到停車場或公共汽車站。而客人則要再三勸主人不必如此客氣，而他們的努力自然是不會奏效的，因為雙方的做法都是在遵循傳統(tǒng)的禮儀規(guī)范。事實上，主人要等到客人上車，再也看不見了才可以離開。在新疆，多數(shù)當(dāng)?shù)厣贁?shù)民族居民認(rèn)為客人在門口道別離開后還要轉(zhuǎn)身再次向主人表示感謝和祝福。

鞠躬在日本是一種非常重要的習(xí)俗。日本人總是不停地鞠躬。最普遍的現(xiàn)象是他們在彼此問候及道別時以鞠躬代替握手。不論誰向你鞠躬，不回禮是無禮的表現(xiàn)。身體接觸會令日本人不自在。但是，他們已經(jīng)習(xí)慣與西方人握手了。

鞠躬看似簡單，但方式是有區(qū)別的。這取決于你鞠躬致意的對象的社會地位和年齡。如果對方比你的地位高或年紀(jì)比你大，鞠躬角度應(yīng)該更大，時間更長。此時彎腰鞠躬是禮貌的做法。男子通常將雙手垂在身側(cè)，女子則將雙手疊放在大腿上，手指相觸。如果是在非正式場合，類似于點頭的鞠躬就可以了。最常見的形式是15度的鞠躬。你或許會覺得這種做法很怪異，但在日本還是試著要鞠躬。別人會認(rèn)為你十分有禮貌！

【答案】Goodbyesaresocialritualsthatsignaltheendofanevent.

IntheUnitedKingdom,theUnitedStates,andmanyotherwesterncountries,leavingcommonpatternsofexpressionwithspecificformulae.Theserepresentationpatternsvarybytime,place,participant,andculture.Generallyspeaking,guestsshouldsaygoodbyetotheirhostfirst.Thereisnospecificrequestastowhichofthetwoguestsatthesameeventshouldsaygoodbyefirst.Interestingly,inwesterncountries,guestswhosubmittheirresignationsdonotleaveimmediately,butstayforanother10to15minutes.Outofpoliteness,guestshavetosaygoodbyetwoorthreetimestoshowthattheyreallydon’twanttoleave.Thehostwillsaygoodbyetotheguestsatthedoorwhenheseesthemoff.What’smore,theguestshouldexpresshisgratitudeforthehost’shospitality,andthehostshouldexpresshisdesiretogettogetheragain.

SeeingoffgueststakesmuchlongerinChina.Infact,manyhospitablehostsinsistonsendingtheirguestsoutoftheresidentialarea,allthewaytotheparkinglotorbusstop.However,guestsshouldpersuadethehostnottobesopoliteagainandagain,andtheireffortswillnotbeeffective,becausebothsidesarefollowingthetraditionaletiquettenorms.Infact,thehostcan’tleaveuntiltheguestgetsonthebusandcan’tseeitanymore.Inxinjiang,mostethnicminorityresidentsbelievethatguestshavetoturnaroundtothankandblesstheirhostsagainaftersayinggoodbyeatthedoor.

BowingisaveryimportantcustominJapan.TheJapanesealwaysbow.Themostcommonphenomenonisthattheybowinsteadofshakinghandswhengreetingandsayinggoodbyetoeachother.Nomatterwhobowstoyou,itisrudenottogiveback.PhysicalcontactmakestheJapaneseuncomfortable.Buttheyareusedtoshakinghandswithwesterners.

Bowingmayseemsimple,buttherearedifferentwaystodoit.Itdependsonthesocialstatusandageofthepersonyoubowto.Iftheotherpersonisinahigherpositionorolderthanyou,bowmoreandforlonger.Itispolitetobowatthistime.Menusuallyputtheirhandsontheirsides,whilewomenputthemontheirthighsandtouchthemwiththeirfingers.Ifit’sinformal,abowlikeanodisfine.Themostcommonformisa15-degreebow.Youmightthinkit’sweird,butinJapanyoustilltrytobow.Peoplewillthinkyou’reverypolite!

12.單選題

Priorto1975,unioneffortstoorganizepublic-sectorclericalworker,mostofwhomarewomen,weresomewhatlimited.Thefactorsfavoringunionizationdrivesseemtohavebeeneitherthepresenceoflargenumbersofworkers,asinNewYorkCity,tomakeitworththeeffort,ortheconcentrationofsmallnumbersinoneortwolocations,suchasahospital,tomakeitrelativelyeasy.Receptivitytounionizationontheworkers,partwasalsoaconsideration,butwhentherewerelargenumbersinvolvedortheclericalworkersweretheonlyunorganizedgroupinajurisdiction,themulti-occupationalunionswouldoftentrytoorganizethemregardlessoftheworkers’initialreceptivity.Thestrategicreasoningwasbased,first,ontheconcernthatpoliticiansandadministratorsmightplayoffunionizedagainstnonunionizedworkers,and,second,ontheconvictionthatafullyunionizedpublicworkforcemeantpower,bothatthebargainingtableandinthelegislature.Inlocalitieswhereclericalworkerswerefewinnumber,werescatteredinseveralworkplaces,andexpressednointerestinbeingorganized,unionsmoreoftenthannotignoredtheminthepre-1975period.

Butsincethemid-1970’s,adifferentstrategyhasemerged.In1977,34percentofgovernmentclericalworkerswererepresentedbyalabororganization,comparedwith46percentofgovernmentprofessionals,44percentofgovernmentblue-collarworkers,and41percentofgovernmentserviceworkers.Sincethen,however,thebiggestincreasesinpublic-sectorunionizationhavebeenamongclericalworkers.Between1977and1980,thenumberofunionizedgovernmentworkersinblue-collarandserviceoccupationsincreasedonlyabout1.5percent,whileinthewhite-collaroccupationstheincreasewas20percentandamongclericalworkersinparticular,theincreasewas22percent.

Whataccountsforthisupsurgeinunionizationamongclericalworkers?First,morewomenhaveenteredtheworkforceinthepastfewyears,andmoreofthemplantoremainworkinguntilretirementage.Consequently,theyareprobablymoreconcernedthantheirpredecessorswereaboutjobsecurityandeconomicbenefits.Also,thewomen’smovementhassucceededinlegitimizingtheeconomicandpoliticalactivismofwomenoftheirownbehalf,therebyproducingamorepositiveattitudetowardunions.Theabsenceofanycomparableincreaseinunionizationamongprivate-sectorclericalworker,however,identifiestheprimarycatalystthestructuralchangeinthemulti-occupationalpublic-sectorunionsthemselves.Overthepasttwentyyears,theoccupationaldistributionintheseunionshasbeensteadilyshiftingfrompredominantlyblue-collartopredominantlywhite-collar.Becausetherearefarmorewomeninwhite-collarjobs,anincreaseintheproportionoffemalemembershasaccompaniedtheoccupationalshiftandhasalteredunionpolicy-makinginfavoroforganizingwomenandaddressingwomen’sissues.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thepublic-sectorworkerswhoweremostlikelytobelongtounionsin1977were（

）.

2.Theauthorcitesunioneffortstoachieveafullyunionizedworkforce(line11—15)inordertoaccountforwhy（

）.

3.Theauthor’sclaimthat,sincethemid-1970’s,anewstrategyhasemergedintheunionizationofpublic-sectorclericalworkers(line19)wouldbestrengthenediftheauthor（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,intheperiodpriorto1975,eachofthefollowingconsider