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科技英語文章科技英語文章科技英語文章xxx公司科技英語文章文件編號：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計，管理制度科技英語文章ArcticMeltEarth'sNorthandSouthPolesarefamousforbeingcoldandicy.Lastyear,however,theamountoficeintheArcticOceanfelltoarecordlow1.Normally,icebuildsinArcticwatersaroundtheNorthPoleeachwinterandshrinksduringthesummer.Butformanyyears,theamountoficeleftbytheendofsummerhasbeendeclining.Since1979,eachdecadehasseenanpercentdropinend-of-summericecover2.Between1981and2000,iceintheArcticlost22percentofitsthickness--becomingmetersthinner.Lastsummer,Arcticseaicereacheditsskimpiestlevelsyet.Bytheendofsummer2007,theicehadshrunktocoverjustmillionsquarekilometers.That's38percentlessareathantheaveragecoveratthattimeofyear.Andit'saverylarge23percentbelowthepreviousrecordlow,whichwassetjust2yearsago.ThiscontinuingtrendhasscientistsconcernedTheremaybeseveralreasonsfortheicemelt,saysJinlunZhang,anoceanographerattheUniversityofWashington3inSeattle.UnusuallystrongwindsblewthroughtheArcticlastsummer.ThewindspushedmuchoftheiceoutofthecentralScientistsalsosuspectthatfewercloudscovertheArcticnowthaninthepast.Clearerskiesallowmoresunlighttoreachtheocean.Theextraheatwarmsboththewaterandtheatmosphere.InpartsoftheArcticOceanlastyear,surfacetemperatureswere3.5℃Celsiuswarmerthanaverageand1.5℃warmerthanthepreviousrecordhigh5.Withbothairandwatergettingwarmer,theiceismeltingfrombothaboveandbelow.InsomepartsoftheBeaufortSea6,northofAlaskaandwesternCanada,icethatmeasured3.3mthickatthebeginningofthesummermeasuredjust50centimetersbyseason'send.Thenewmeasurementssuggestthatmeltingisfarmoreseverethanscientistshaveseenbyjustlookingaticecoverfromabove,saysDonaldK.Perovich,ageophysicistattheU.S.ArmyColdRegionsResearchandEngineeringLaboratoryinHanover,SomescientistsfearthattheArcticisstuckinawarmingtrendfromwhichitmayneverrecover.練習(xí)：1.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword"build"inthefirstsentenceofthesecondparagraphA)Construct.B)Extend.C)Create.D)Expand.2.WhatistheicecoverintheArcticbytheendof2007summerA)millionsquarekilometers.B)millionsquarekilometers.C)millionsquarekilometers.D)38millionsquarekilometers.3.WhatarethereasonsfortheicemeltaccordingtothescientistsA)Strongwindsandclearskies.B)Longsummerandshortwinter.C)Openwaterandthinice.D)Lightcloudsandlightwinds.4.WhyistheicemeltingfrombothaboveandbelowA)Becauseextraheatwarmstheair.B)Becauseextraheatwarmsthewater.C)Becausethetemperatureabovethewaterishigher.D)BothAandB.5.WhatcanbeapossibletitleforthepassageA)WhatarescientistslookingforintheArcticOceanB)WhatarescientistsdoingintheArcticOceanC)WhyarescientistsworryingabouttheArcticOceanD)WhyarescientistsinterestedintheArcticOcExpertsCallforLocalandRegionalControlofSitesforRadioactiveWasteThewithdrawalofNevada'sYuccaMountainasapotentialnuclearwasterepository1hasreopenedthedebateoverhowandwheretodisposeofspentnuclearfuelandhigh-levelnuclearwaste.InanarticleintheJuly10issueofScience,UniversityofMichigan2geologistRodneyEwingandPrincetonUniversity3n"Themaingoal…,shouldbetoprovidetheUniedStateswithmultipleprocessthatrequiresacceptancebyhostcommunitiesandstates,"theauthorswrite.EwingandyonHippelalsoanalyzethereasonswhyYuccaMountain,selectedbyCongress4in1987astheonlysitetobeinvestigatedforlong-termnuclearwastedisposal,finallywasshelved5aftermorethanthreedecadesofoftencontroversialdebate.Thereasonsincludethesite'sgeologicalproblems,managementproblems,importantchangesintheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency'sstandard,unreliablefundingandthefailuretoinvolvelocalcommunitiesinthedecision-makingprocess.Goingforward,effortsshouldbedirectedatlocatingstoragefacilitiesinthenation'snortheastern,southeastern,midwesternandwesternregions,andstateswithinagivenregionshouldberesponsiblefordevelopingsolutionsthatsuittheirparticularcircumstances.Transportationofnuclearwasteoverlongdistances,whichwasaconcernwiththeYucca"ThisregionalapproachwouldbesimilartothecurrentapproachinEurope,wherespentnuclearfuel6andhigh-levelnuclearwaste7fromabout150reactorsandreprocessingplantsistobemovedtoanumberofgeologicalrepositoriesinavarietyofrocktypes8,"saidRodneyEwing,whohaswrittenextensivelyabouttheimpactofnuclearwastemanagementontheenvironmentandwhohasanalyzedsafetyassessmentcriteriaforthecontroversialYuccaMountainnuclearwasterepository.詞匯：radioactiveadj.放射性的shelvev.擱置repositoryn.儲藏地，儲藏室controversialadj.有爭議的geologistn.地質(zhì)學(xué)家reactorn.反應(yīng)堆，反應(yīng)器geologicaladj.地質(zhì)的注釋：1.ThewithdrawalofNevada'sYuccaMountainasapotentialnuclearwasterepository:Nevada'sYuccaMountain：美國境內(nèi)的內(nèi)華達(dá)州尤卡山。nuclearwasterepository：核廢物處理庫。美國能源部部長朱棣文2009年3月5日表示，擬在內(nèi)華達(dá)州尤卡山建設(shè)的核廢物最終處理庫將不再是美國儲存高放廢物的一個選項。2.UniversityofMichigan：美國密歇根大學(xué)，建于1817年。3.PrincetonUniversity：美國普林斯頓大學(xué)，建于1746年。4.Congress:美國國會，美國最高立法機(jī)關(guān)，由參議院(Senate)和眾議院(HouseofRepresentatives)組成。5.…wasshelved：......被束之高閣。6.spentnuclearfuel：也叫做usednuclearfuel，一般譯為“乏核燃料”。7.high-levelnuclearwaste：高(強(qiáng)度)放(射性)核廢物。8.geologicalrepositoriesinavarietyofrocktypes：各種不同巖層中的地質(zhì)處置庫。geologicalrepositories指的是地表以下300～1500米的穩(wěn)定的地質(zhì)體中建造的用于最終處置高放廢物和乏核燃料的工程設(shè)施。處置庫是一個多重屏障系統(tǒng)，工程屏障由廢物體、廢物罐、外包裝和緩沖回填材料組成，而天然屏障則是能有效阻滯放射性核素遷移的地質(zhì)體，包括花崗巖、粘土巖、凝灰?guī)r和巖鹽等。許多專家認(rèn)為地質(zhì)處置是安全的，技術(shù)上是可行的，對環(huán)境是無害的。練習(xí)：1.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestsubstitutetheword"withdrawal"inthefirstparagraphARetirement.BCanceling.CReplaced.DDisposal.2.AccordingtoRodneyEwingandFrandvonHippel,wheretolocatenuclearfacilitiesAshouldbeapprovedbythefederalgovernment.Bshouldbeapprovedbylocalpeopleandstates.CshouldbeapprovedbyCongress.Disnotanimportantissue.3.WhatisNOTtrueaboutthe1987decisionbyCongressconcerningsitingofnuclearwastedisposalAYuccaBTheselectionofYuccaMountainCThedecisionbyCongresswasputasideduetoanumberofproblems.DThedecisionbyCongresswasacceptedbylocalcommunities.4.WhatdoestheauthoroftheessayinthefourthparagraphwanttosayAEffortsshouldbe