Preliminary-Chlorination-Paraffin-Study 氯化石蠟初步研究課件

PreliminaryStudyof

ChlorinationParaffin

氯化石蠟的初步研究

ChlorinationParaffinChlorinatedparaffinsareacomplexmixtureofpolychlorinatedn-alkanesandaresubdividedaccordingtotheircarbonchainlengthintoshortchain(SCCPs,C10-13),mediumchain(MCCPs,C14-17)andlongchain(LCCPs,C>17).Theyarevirtuallyinsolubleinwaterbutdissolvefullyinmostnon-polarorganicsolventslikeparaffinoil.SCCPshaveafaintodour.Theyarenon-flammableanddonotevaporateeasily.-氯化石蠟是一個復(fù)雜的多氯正烷烴的混合物和細(xì)分根據(jù)其碳鏈長度為短鏈(sccpC10-13),中等鏈(MCCPsC14-17)和長鏈(LCCPsC>17)。它們幾乎不溶于水,但是溶解完全在大多數(shù)非極性有機(jī)溶劑如石蠟油。是不易燃的,不容易蒸發(fā)。ShortchainCPs(SCCPs)UsesofSCCPs短鏈用途Shortchainchlorinatedparaffins(SCCPs)canbeusedasaplasticizerinrubber,paints,adhesives,flameretardantsforplasticsincludingvinylflooring,carpetbackingandwireandcablecoating.SCCPsalsomaybeusedasfattingandsofteningagentsintheleatherindustryanimpregnationsagentinthetextileindustryandasanadditiveforsealingcompounds.Theyarewidelyusedasanextremepressurelubricantinmetalworkingfluids.短鏈氯化石蠟(sccp)可以用作增塑劑在橡膠、油漆、粘合劑、阻燃劑乙烯等塑料地板,地毯底布和電線電纜涂層。sccp也可能被用作皮革行業(yè)的去脂和軟化代理紡織工業(yè)的浸漬劑和密封化合物作為添加劑。被廣泛用作金屬加工液的極壓潤滑劑。EnvironmentalConcerns環(huán)境問題SCCPsareclassifiedasdangeroustotheenvironment,duetotheirhightoxicitytoaquaticorganisms,andtheymaycauselong-termadverseeffectsintheaquaticenvironment.Theyarepersistentagentswhicharenoteasilydegradedbynaturalmechanisms.SCCPsarebioaccumulativesubstanceswhichaccumulatemainlyinaquaticanimaltissues,andenzymaticdisrupterswhichalterthehormonalsystemoflivingbeings.ExcessiveexposuretoSCCPsmayaffectthekidney,liverandthyroidgland,andmaycausecancer.被歸類為危險(xiǎn)的環(huán)境,水生生物,由于其高毒性,而且他們可能產(chǎn)生長期不良影響在水生環(huán)境。他們持續(xù)的代理不容易退化的自然機(jī)制。sccp的生物累積性的物質(zhì)積累主要在水生動物組織和酶把改變生物的內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)。過度暴露于sccp會影響腎臟,肝臟和甲狀腺,可能導(dǎo)致癌癥。ShortchainCPs(SCCPs)MediumchainCPs(MCCPs)Medium-chainedchlorinatedparaffins(MCCP)(Alkanes,C14-17,Chloro)MCCPsmeetthecriteriaforclassificationasdangerousinaccordancewithDirective67/548/EEC.TheyarenotyetlistedonAnnexItoDirective67/548/EEC.However,MCCPsareincludedintheadopted30thAdaptationtoTechnicalProgress(ATP)ofDirective67/548/EEC.TheproposedclassificationforMCCPsinrelationtohumanhealthandenvironmentaleffectsisasfollows:MCCPs滿足分類的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)按照67/548/EEC指令一樣危險(xiǎn)。他們還沒有列在附件我67/548/EEC指令。然而,MCCPs中采用30適應(yīng)技術(shù)進(jìn)步(ATP)67/548/EEC指令。擬議的MCCPs分類與人類健康和環(huán)境的影響如下:MediumchainCPs(MCCPs)ThecurrentglobalproductioncapacityofMCCPsis45000-160000tonnes/yearwiththemainusebeingassecondaryplasticizerinPVC.Secondaryplasticizers,whenusedincombinationwithprimaryplasticizers,causeanenhancementoftheplasticizingeffectsandsoarealsoknownasextenders.FurtherMCCPsareusedasmetalworkingfluids,paintsandvarnishes,adhesives/sealants,flameretardants,leatherfatliquors,carbonlesscopypaper.E&ErelevantappliancesofMCCPsareinflexiblePVCsuchasincablesheathingandinsulation.Here,MCCPwithhigherdegreesofchlorination(typicallyaround50-52%wt.Cl)areused.MCCPswithhigherdegreesofchlorinationaremorecompatiblewithPVCandhavealowervolatilitythanlowerchlorinatedanalogues.MCCPswith52%wt.Clmakeuparound2/3oftheusedforPVCproduction.TheactualamountofMCCPsusedinthevariousPVCapplicationsisnotdefinedindetail.Accordingtoindustryinformationitcanbeassumedthatapproximately17%ofthetotalamountofMCCPsuppliedforPVCapplicationsisusedincableproducts.Basedonthisfigure,9200tonnes/yearofMCCPareusedforcableproducts.TheuseofMCCPsinplasticsotherthanPVCcanbeconsideredtobeprimarilyasaflameretardantadditive.IfMCCPsareusedspecificallyasaflameretardantine.g.plastics,chlorinatedparaffinswithahighdegreeofchlorination(e.g.70-72%wt.Cl)areused,alongwithasynergiste.g.antimonytrioxide.TheexactamountsofE&ErelevantusesofMCCParenotgivenintheEUrelateddocuments.當(dāng)前全球生產(chǎn)能力MCCPs45000-160年的000噸/年主要用途是作為次要在PVC增塑劑結(jié)合使用時,輔助增塑劑,主要增塑劑,導(dǎo)致增強(qiáng)的塑化效果,因此也被稱為填充劑。進(jìn)一步MCCPs用作金屬加工液、油漆和清漆,膠粘劑/密封劑、阻燃劑、皮脂烈酒,無碳紙副本。MCCPs有關(guān)電器等靈活的PVC電纜護(hù)套和絕緣材料。在這里,MCCP氯化度較高的(通常約50-52%的wt。Cl)。MCCPs氯化更兼容度較高的PVC和低波動率低于氯化類似物。MCCPswt為52%。Cl約占2/3用于PVC的生產(chǎn)。中使用的實(shí)際MCCPs各種PVC應(yīng)用程序沒有定義。根據(jù)行業(yè)信息可以認(rèn)為大約17%的總額MCCP提供PVC應(yīng)用程序用于電纜產(chǎn)品。根據(jù)這個數(shù)字,9200噸/年MCCP用于電纜產(chǎn)品。使用MCCPs塑料PVC以外的可以被認(rèn)為是主要作為阻燃添加劑。如果MCCPs專門用作阻燃劑如塑料、氯化石蠟的高度氯化(例如wt。Cl70-72%),以及一個增效劑如三氧化二銻。確切數(shù)額有關(guān)使用MCCP不給歐盟相關(guān)文件。第7頁簡譯中鏈當(dāng)前的立法一些使用MCCPs覆蓋下的綜合污染預(yù)防和控制指令(指令1996/61/EC),例如金屬加工的大型生產(chǎn)基地,一些PVC和塑料復(fù)合/轉(zhuǎn)換網(wǎng)站和皮革處理網(wǎng)站。此外,一些國家立法包括使用MCCP包含產(chǎn)品:在德國,氯化paraffin-containing廢物,如金屬加工液>2g鹵素/公斤和halogen-containing增塑劑,被列為潛在危險(xiǎn)廢物焚燒。在挪威,MCCPs都包含在國家“優(yōu)先級列表物質(zhì)”的排放是最遲在2010年大幅減少。在英國,MCCPs用戶論壇成立于2001年由用戶和供應(yīng)商自愿同意減少風(fēng)險(xiǎn)從MCCPs英國環(huán)境,尤其是減少排放。用戶承諾采取并鼓勵最佳實(shí)踐。歐盟RAR按照委員會監(jiān)管(EEC)793/93MediumchainCPs(MCCPs)MonitoringstudiespresentedintheEURARofMCCPs(2007)reportmeasurementsofchlorinatedparaffinsinenvironmentalcompartments,inbiotaandinhumanbreastmilk監(jiān)測研究在歐盟的RARMCCPs(2007)的測量報(bào)告氯化石蠟在環(huán)境箱內(nèi),在生物和人類母乳MediumchainCPs(MCCPs)TheconclusionoftheassessmentoftheriskstoCONSUMERSANDHUMANSEXPOSEDVIATHEENVIRONMENTisthatthereisatpresentnoneedforfurtherinformationand/ortestingorforriskreductionmeasuresbeyondthosewhicharebeingapplied.Thisconclusionisreachedbecause:theriskassessmentshowsthatrisksarenotexpected.Riskreductionmeasuresalreadybeingappliedareconsideredsufficient.TheconclusionoftheassessmentoftheriskstoHUMANHEALTH(arisingfromphysico-chemicalproperties)isthatthereisatpresentnoneedforfurtherinformationand/ortestingorforriskreductionmeasuresbeyondthosewhicharebeingapplied.Thisconclusionisreachedbecause:theriskassessmentshowsthatrisksarenotexpected.Riskreductionmeasuresalreadybeingappliedareconsideredsufficient.風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的評估的結(jié)論消費(fèi)者通過環(huán)境和人類接觸是目前不需要進(jìn)一步的信息和/或測試或降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)除了那些被應(yīng)用的措施。達(dá)到這個結(jié)論,因?yàn)?風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估表明,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是出乎意料的時候。降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的措施已經(jīng)被應(yīng)用被認(rèn)為是足夠的。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的評估的結(jié)論人類健康(由物理化學(xué)屬性)是目前不需要進(jìn)一步的信息和/或測試或降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)除了那些被應(yīng)用的措施。達(dá)到這個結(jié)論,因?yàn)?風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估表明,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是出乎意料的時候。降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的措施已經(jīng)被應(yīng)用被認(rèn)為是足夠的。B)ENVIRONMENTTheconclusionoftheassessmentoftheriskstotheATMOSPHEREisthatthereisatpresentnoneedforfurtherinformationand/ortestingorforriskreductionmeasuresbeyondthosewhicharebeingapplied.Thisconclusionisreachedbecause:theriskassessmentshowsthatrisksarenotexpected.Riskreductionmeasuresalreadybeingappliedareconsideredsufficient.TheconclusionoftheassessmentoftheriskstotheenvironmentforAQUATICECOSYSTEMANDTERRESTRIALECOSYSTEM

B)環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估的結(jié)論大氣是目前不需要進(jìn)一步的信息和/或測試或降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)除了那些被應(yīng)用的措施。達(dá)到這個結(jié)論,因?yàn)?風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估表明,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是出乎意料的時候。降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的措施已經(jīng)被應(yīng)用被認(rèn)為是足夠的。結(jié)論環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的評估水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)

MediumchainCPs(MCCPs)ConclusionAccordingtothenewGuidancefortheimplementationofREACH(ECHA2008),substancesthatcanbeshownbothtopersistforlongperiodsandtobioaccumulateinbiotaandwhichcancausetoxiceffectsafteralongertimeandoveragreaterspatialscalegiverisetospecificconcern.Duetotheirpersistencetheyhavethepotentialtoaccumulateinpartsoftheenvironment.Theeffectsofsuchaccumulationareunpredictableinthelong-termandsuc