《翻譯理論與技巧》練習(xí)題庫(kù)

華中師范大學(xué)網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)院《翻譯理論與技巧》練習(xí)測(cè)試題一在下列句中空白處填上合適的詞語(yǔ)。每空1分。共10分。1．翻譯是跨（ 、跨（ 、跨（ ）的交際活動(dòng)篇章的粘連分（ ）粘連和（ ）粘連兩大類，粘連的目的實(shí)現(xiàn)篇章的（ 。社會(huì)符號(hào)學(xué)的翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是（ ）相符（ ）相似。格賴斯的（ ）原則和利奇的（ ）原則是促使語(yǔ)言交際成的語(yǔ)用原則。社會(huì)符號(hào)學(xué)翻譯法以韓禮德所述的語(yǔ)言的社會(huì)符號(hào)性為根據(jù)以符號(hào)學(xué)的意義觀為核心。語(yǔ)言符號(hào)具備三種意義，它們是（ ）意義（ 意義和（ ）意義。語(yǔ)言對(duì)比是研究語(yǔ)言在（ ）中產(chǎn)生的意義。泰特勒在《翻譯的原則》一書中提出了著名德三原則：A．譯文應(yīng)完整地再現(xiàn)原文的（ 。．譯文的（ （ ）應(yīng)與原文的性質(zhì)相同C．譯文應(yīng)像原文一樣（ 。漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法呈（ ）性，英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法呈（ ）性。嚴(yán)復(fù)的三字翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是 、 、 。魯迅認(rèn)為翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可以用 和 這四個(gè)字來(lái)表示。翻譯的過(guò)程是 、 和 。12．英語(yǔ)翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，英語(yǔ)稱之為 ，漢語(yǔ)稱之 。13．翻譯按其工作方式來(lái)分，有 三種。14．許淵沖提倡文學(xué)翻譯要做到 、 和 ?！貏e是保持原文的比喻、形象和民族地方色彩等，這種譯法叫做 。把原文中兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句譯成一個(gè)單句是 法。翻譯按其處理方式來(lái)分，有 、 和 。翻譯是“從語(yǔ)義到文體在譯入語(yǔ)中用最（ ）而又最（ 的對(duì)等語(yǔ)再現(xiàn)原語(yǔ)的（ ”從翻譯的手段來(lái)看，翻譯可分為（ （ ）和（ 。魯迅先生認(rèn)為“凡是翻譯，必須兼顧兩面，一當(dāng)然力求其（ 一則保存著原作的（ ”由于文化上的差異，英譯漢時(shí)有時(shí)直譯原文就會(huì)使譯入語(yǔ)讀者感到費(fèi)解甚至誤解這時(shí)就有必要借用漢語(yǔ)中意義相同或相近且具有自己文化色彩的表達(dá)法對(duì)原文加以（ 。傅雷先生認(rèn)為（形似而在（。（（。從涉及到的語(yǔ)言符號(hào)來(lái)看，翻譯可分為（）（）譯、和（）翻譯。紐馬6（）（）（）功能、美感將Heisarmedtotheteeth.（（）的方法。二．判斷各例畫線部分譯文恰當(dāng)如否。如譯文恰當(dāng)，就在后面括號(hào)中打√；譯文不恰當(dāng)，就在后面括號(hào)中打×。每題2分，共10分。對(duì)外開放取得新近展。1990年共批準(zhǔn)“三資”企業(yè)99家，全省“三資企業(yè)已達(dá)284家（ ）Newprogresshasbeenmadeintheprocessofopeningtotheoutsideworld.In1990,theprovinceapproved99 “ThreeFormsofVentures”,thetotalnumberwhichreached284.我們要培養(yǎng)出適應(yīng)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化需要的一代“四有新人（ ）Wemustbringforthanewgenerationofwell-educatedandself-disciplinedpeoplewithloftyidealsandmoralintegrity,suchasarenecessaryforoursocialistmodernizationdrive.這次旅游可選擇的地方有北京、上?；蛭靼玻?）TheplacesthistourcanchooseareBeijing,ShanghaiandXi?an.不是所有的金屬都具有同樣好的導(dǎo)電性能（ ）Allmetalsdonotconductelectricityequallywell.大會(huì)將于今年十二月在北京隆重開幕（ ）ThemeetingwillbeginthefollowingDecemberinBeijingceremoniously.在農(nóng)村，特別是比較偏僻落后的農(nóng)村，還殘存著少數(shù)包辦買賣婚姻的陋習(xí)。（ ）InChina?smoreremoteandbackwardruralareas,corruptpracticesexistintheformofforcedmarriage…我給你打國(guó)際直撥就跟給樓下的李姐打電話差不多，一撥就通（ ）AninternationalphonetoyouisaseasyasacalltoSisterLidownstairs.我們的事業(yè)從勝利走向勝利（ ）Wehavewononevictoryafteranotherforourcause從這次講座中，我們學(xué)到了許多美國(guó)歷史方面的知識(shí)（ ）WestudiedmuchknowledgeofAmericanhistoryfromthelecture.她覺(jué)得她再也不能忍受她丈夫的侮辱（ ）Shefeelsthatshecannotstandherhusbandsinsultanylonger.Heisgreenwithjealousy.他因?yàn)榧刀识l(fā)綠。（ ）Johnlikestopathimselfontheback.約翰喜歡捶自己的背（ ）Hewishedtowriteanarticlethatwillattractpublicattentiontothematter.他想寫一篇文章，以便能引起公眾對(duì)這件事的關(guān)注（ ）14．Amanmayusuallybeknownbythebookshereadsaswellasbythecompanyhekeeps;forthereisacompanionshipofbooksaswellasofmen;andoneshouldalwaysliveinthebestcompany,whetheritbeofbooksorofmen.我們往往可以從一個(gè)人交怎樣的朋友以及閱讀怎樣的書籍去看他的為人。這是因?yàn)槿伺c人之間有友誼同樣人與書之間也有友誼人們應(yīng)該經(jīng)生活在與最好的書以及最好的人的友誼之中（ ）Weareenemiesofallwars,butaboveallofdynasticwars.我們反對(duì)一切戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，特別是王朝戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。 （ ）Buttheyoungestbrotherwasabletofulfillhismodestambition.（ ）但最小的兒子卻實(shí)現(xiàn)了他那謙遜的野心。 Thebabywasbroughtuponthebottle.（ 這個(gè)嬰兒是喝牛奶長(zhǎng)大的。18．Asmallwhite-headedboywithasunburntfaceappearedatthedoorwhiletheschoolmasterwasspeaking,andstoppingtheretomakerusticbow,camein,andtookhisseat.（ ）他停在門口老老實(shí)實(shí)地鞠了個(gè)躬，就進(jìn)來(lái)坐下。19．Ihavenoopinionofhim.（ 我對(duì)他沒(méi)有意見(jiàn)。Hisfailuremadeamockeryoftheteacher’sgreateffortstohelphim.（ ）他考試沒(méi)有及格，老師輔導(dǎo)他的一番心血白費(fèi)了。SpeakerJimWrightbrushestearsawayashethrowsinthetowelyesterdayinC.發(fā)言人吉姆·賴特于昨日在華府揮淚認(rèn)輸。（ ）Itwouldhavebeenonlycourteoustokneelatthepropertime,asalldid,sincehadvoluntarilycometothechurch.既然我來(lái)教堂出于自愿，僅僅為了禮貌起見(jiàn)，我應(yīng)該和大家一起下跪。（ ）Weareenemiesofallwars,butaboveallofdynasticwars.我們反對(duì)一切戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，特別是王朝戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。 （ ）Thenaughtyboyisfarfromhonestandhisexcuseisprettythin.這個(gè)調(diào)皮的男孩很不誠(chéng)實(shí)，他的借口很薄弱（ ）Itisagoodmanthatneverstumbles,andagoodwifethatnevergrumbles.好丈夫也有過(guò)失，好妻子也會(huì)嘮叨。 （ ）三．譯文比較。下列各例均有兩種譯文。把你認(rèn)為較好的譯文（A或B）填寫在每例后的括號(hào)里。每題2分，共10分。如：明年將出版更多的書籍。( B )Nextyearwillpublishagreaternumberofnewbooks.B．Agreaternumberofnewbookswillbepublishednextyear.語(yǔ)言這東西不是隨便可以學(xué)好的，非下苦功不可。( )Themasteryoflanguageisnoteasyandrequirespainstakingeffort.Languageissomethingonecannotmasteritwithoutpainstakingeffort.老王說(shuō)，他沒(méi)著了。( )OldWangsaidhewasattheendofhistether.OldWangsaidhehadnoschemeatall.第二天早晨，她腋下挾著幾本書回來(lái)了。( )Thenextmorning,shecamebackwithsomebooksunderherarm.Thenextmorning,shecarriedsomebooksunderherarmandcameback.利用煤和石油可以制成各種各樣的東西。( )Auseofcoalandoilcanproduceallsortsofusefulthings.Allsortsofusefulthingscanbeproducedfromcoalandoil.新的一年才過(guò)了一個(gè)月，經(jīng)濟(jì)改革又出現(xiàn)了新的高潮。( )Thenewyearwasbarelyonemontholdwhenitwitnessedthelatestflourishoftheeconomicreform.Thenewyearhaspassedjustonemonth,theeconomicreformhasreachednewclimax. 但我的事現(xiàn)在搞得滿城風(fēng)雨，人人皆知了。( )A．ButtherehasbeentoomuchpublicityaboutmyButnoweverybodyinthecityknowsaboutmything. 爭(zhēng)取運(yùn)動(dòng)成績(jī)與精神文明雙豐收。( )A．Forbetterathleticrecordsandsportsmanship.B．Foragoodharvestbothinsportsandmorals.他做實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)心不在焉，幾乎引起化學(xué)藥物爆炸。( )Hewasabsent-mindedduringtheexperiments,thatnearlycausedexplosionofthechemical.B．Hisabsent-mindednessduringtheexperimentsnearlycausedanexplosionofthechemical.長(zhǎng)飛公司嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行自上而下的一條線管理和自下而上的一條線匯報(bào)制度確保了公司高效率快節(jié)奏的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。( )Thestrictmanagementandreportsystemhavebeencarefullyenforced,ensuresChangfeiCorporationtorunefficiently.ChangfeiCorporationhascarefullyenforcedstrictmanagementandasystem,ensuresittorunefficiently.她抱怨名單上沒(méi)有她的名字。( )Shecomplaintthatthelistdidnothavehername.Shecomplaintabouttheomissionofhernamefromthelist.ItisalreadytwoyearssincehewasSecretaryGeneraloftheU.N.( )他擔(dān)任聯(lián)合國(guó)秘書長(zhǎng)以來(lái)已經(jīng)有兩年了。他不擔(dān)任聯(lián)合國(guó)秘書長(zhǎng)已經(jīng)有兩年了。IfyouthinkmeinawaytobehappierthanIdeserve,Iamquiteofyouropinion.（ ）AB．如果你認(rèn)為我生活幸福得超過(guò)我所值，那我完全同意你的看法。lllivealittlebeforeitistoolate. （ ）在太晚之前，我要生活一下。我要好好享受一下生活，不然就太晚了。Peterwasanambitiousguywhoalwaystriedtosqueezeintotheupperclass.（ ）彼得野心勃勃，他一心想擠進(jìn)上流社會(huì)。BElectricpowerbecametheservantofmanonlyafterthemotorwasinvented.（ ）B．只是在電動(dòng)機(jī)發(fā)明之后，電力才開始造福于人類。Peoplesometimesexpectgratitudewhentheyarententitledtoit.（ A．有時(shí)人們?cè)跊](méi)有權(quán)利這么做的時(shí)候，也希望別人感激他們。B．人們有時(shí)希望別人感激他們，盡管他們沒(méi)有權(quán)利要求別人這么做。Iceisasolid.Ifweheatit,itmeltsandbecomeswater. ( A．冰是一種固體。如果我們給它加熱，它就融化變成水。B．冰是固體。如果加熱，就融化成水。ThelocalpresschallengedthelicenseoftheTVstation.（ A．當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙要求吊銷那家電視臺(tái)的執(zhí)照。B．當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙?zhí)魬?zhàn)那家電視臺(tái)的執(zhí)照。AndIsupposeshelltellalltheboys,theoldcat.( A．我想她會(huì)告訴所有的男人，這只老貓！B．我想她會(huì)告訴所有的男人，這個(gè)長(zhǎng)舌的老太婆！Inthemodernworldsalthasmanyusesbeyondthediningtable.（ A．在現(xiàn)代世界上，鹽除了供食用外，還有許多其他用途。B．在現(xiàn)代世界上，鹽除了用在餐桌上，還有許多其他用途。Weknowthatacat,whoseeyescantakeinmanymoreraysoflightthaneyes,canseeclearlyinthenight（ ）我們知道，貓的眼睛比我們?nèi)说难劬δ芪崭嗟墓饩€，所以貓?jiān)诤谝挂材芸吹煤芮宄?。清楚。Heonceagainimpartedtoushisgreatknowledge,experienceandwisdom.（ ）我們又一次領(lǐng)教了他淵博的知識(shí)、豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和無(wú)窮的智慧。他又一次將他偉大的知識(shí)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)和智慧傳授給了我們。Johnwasanaggressivesalesmanwhodidhisjobquitewell.（ ）約翰是個(gè)頗有侵略性的推銷員，他工作干得很出色。約翰是個(gè)積極肯干的推銷員，他工作干得很出色。Thereisamixtureofthetiger andapeinthecharacteroftheimperialists.（ ）帝國(guó)主義者兼有虎和猿的特征。帝國(guó)主義者的性格有殘暴的一面，也有狡猾的一面。WerecognizethatChinaslong-termmodernizationprogramunderstandablyandnecessarilyemphasizeseconomicgrowth.（ ）的，也是必要的。為重點(diǎn)。4201．如果我們抓住并利用這些機(jī)會(huì)，武漢的工業(yè)將會(huì)有燦爛的明天。這兩個(gè)國(guó)家不是用戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，而是以和平友好的方式解決了爭(zhēng)端。我們一定要努力工作，不辜負(fù)全國(guó)人民和全世界人民對(duì)我們的期望。(nuclei)與電子(electron)、中子(neutron)與質(zhì)子(proton)。我們期望在不久的將來(lái)中國(guó)人能受到更好的教育。他動(dòng)身去美國(guó)前，給美國(guó)的一位朋友拍了封電報(bào)，把自己的到達(dá)時(shí)間了他。 無(wú)條件最惠國(guó)待遇(unconditionalmost-favored-nationtreatment)國(guó)尋求重新加入關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定的主要考慮之一。這個(gè)病人的死，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)是醫(yī)生的治療不當(dāng)造成的。上海大眾汽車公司(Shanghai產(chǎn)量為十萬(wàn)輛，預(yù)計(jì)今年產(chǎn)量可再增加五萬(wàn)輛。Whileitmayseemtobepaintingthelily,IshouldliketoaddsomewhattoMr.AlistairCookesexcellentarticle.IntheWesthedspendathirdofhistimeinthepoolhall,athirdinjail,andthirdinthepubliclibrary.TheUnitedNationsOrganizationhasnot,sofar,justifiedthehopewhichpeopleoftheworldsetonit.Hiswearinessandtheincreasingheatdeterminedhimtositdownintheconvenientshade.Whatyouaresayingwillnotmakeanydifferencetome,soyoumayaskeepyourbreathtocoolyourporridge.Thecultivationofahobbyandnewforms ofinterestisthereforeapolicyfirstimportancetoapublicman.Lighteningdancedacrossthehorizon,accompaniedbylow,rumblingthunder.Sincethiscountrywasfounded,eachgenerationofAmericanshassummonedtogivetestimonytoitsnationalloyalty.Hygeiaherselfwouldhavefallensickundersucharegimen;andhowmorethispooroldnervousvictim?Itsnoteasytobecomeamemberofthatclub —theywantpeoplewhoplentyofmoneytospend,notjusteveryTom,Dick,andHarry.NationalizedbyaLabourgovernmentin1951,theBritishsteelindustrywasdenationalizedbytheConservativesin1953,thenrenationalizedbyLabour1967.Herdarkeyesmadelittlereflectedstars. Shewaslookingat himasshealwayslookingathimwhenheawakened.IntheWesthedspendathirdofhistimeinthepoolhall,athirdinjail,andthirdinthepubliclibrary.Anelementisasubstancethatcannotbebrokendownintosimplersubstancebyordinarychemicalmeans.Butconsideredrealistically,wehadtofacethefactthatourprospectswerethangood.五．翻譯下列短文。（任選一篇）共50分。(TheArtofr日本企業(yè)家(entrepreneurs)今天，東南亞成為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)最高增長(zhǎng)區(qū)，歐美各國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)速度滯后。歐美各國(guó)研究這一經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)它與中華文化背景緊密相關(guān)。SomepeoplewouldsaythattheEnglishman shomeisnolongerhiscastle;thatithasbecomehisworkshop.ThisispartlybecausetheaverageEnglishmaniskeenonworkingwithhishandsandpartlybecausehefeels,foronereasonoranother,thathemustdoforhimselfmanyhouseholdjobsforwhich,someyearsago,hewouldhavehiredprofessionalhelp.Themainreasonforthisisafinancialone:thehighcostoflabourhasmeantthatbuilders anddecorators costshavereachedalevel makesthemprohibitiveforhouse-proudEnglishpeopleofmodestmeans.So,iftheywishtokeeptheirhouseslookingbrightandsmart,theyhavetotacklesomeoftherepairsanddecoratingthemselves.Asaresult,therehasgrownupinthepost-waryearswhatissometimesreferredtoasthe“Do-It-YourselfThe“Do-It-YourselfMovement”beganwithhomedecoratingbuthassincespreadintoamuchwiderfield.Nowadaysthereseemtobeveryfewthingsthatcannotbemadebythe“do-it-yourself”method.Anumberofmagazinesandhandbooksexisttoshowhopefulhandymenofallagesjusthoweasyitistobuildanythingfromacoffeetabletoafifteenfoot(4.5metres)sailingdinghy（小舟）.Allyouneed,itseems,isahammerandafewnails.Youfollowthesimpleinstructionsstep-by-stepand,beforeyouknowwhereyouare,thefinishedarticlestandsbeforeyou,completeineverydetail.Thecultivationofahobbyandnewformsofinterestisthereforeapolicyoffirstimportancetoapublicman.Butthisisnotabusinessthatcanbeundertakeninadayorswiftly臨時(shí)而作amerecommandofthewill.Thegrowthalternativementalinterestisalongprocess.Theseedsmustbecarefullychosen;theymustfallongoodground;theymustbesedulouslytended,ifthevivifyingfruitsaretobeathandwhenneeded.Tobereallyhappyandreallysafe,oneoughttohaveatleasttwoorthreehobbies,andtheymustallbereal.Itisnousestartinglateinlifetosay:“Iwilltakeaninterestinthisorthat.Suchanattemptonlyaggravates（加重）thestrainofmentaleffort.Amanmayacquiregreatknowledgeoftopicsunconnectedwithhisdailywork,andyethardlygetanybenefitorrelief.Itisnousedoingwhatyoulike;youhavegottolikewhatyoudo.Broadlyspeaking,humanbeingsmaybedividedintothreeclasses:thosewhoaretoiledtodeath,thosewhoareworriedtodeath,andthosewhoareboredtodeath.Itmayalsobesaidthatrational,industrious,usefulhumanbeingsaredividedintotwoclasses:first,thosewhoseworkisworkandwhosepleasureispleasure;secondly,thosewhoseworkandpleasureareone.Ofthesetheformerarethemajority.CollegePressure（Iseefourkindsofpressureworkingoncollegestudents?today:economicpressure,parentalpressure,peerpressure,andself-inducedpressure.Itiseasytolookaroundforvillains—toblamethecollegesforchargingtoomuchmoney,professorsforassigningtoomuchwork,theparentsforpushingtheirchildrentoofar,thestudentsfordrivingthemselvestoohard.Buttherea