2020屆 二輪復(fù)習(xí)短文語(yǔ)法填空分類(lèi)解題指導(dǎo)之十三：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

2020屆二輪復(fù)習(xí)短文語(yǔ)法填空分類(lèi)解題指導(dǎo)之六：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目（二）警非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(一)考點(diǎn)練悟(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)Thetruththattreesarevitaltoourlifeisnotasecret.Besides1.(provide)uswithfood,woodandmostimportantly,oxygen,theyhaveonemorething—blockingoutharmfulbacteriafromwater.Thediscoverywasmadebyateam2.(consist)ofscientistsfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)andhighschoolstudentswhowereseekinganaturalwaterfilter—onethatwouldhelpcommunitiesin(develop)countriesthatdonothaveaccesstomodernwaterfiltersystems.Theresearchers,ledbyProfessorRohitKarnik,decided(turn)totreesforhelpbecausetheycouldallowliquid5.(flow)through,whileblockingoutairbubbles.Theybeganby6.(cut)1.5inchwidesectionsoftreebarkfromthebranchesofawhitepinetree.Thepeople7.(relate)thentestedthewood'sfilteringabilitybypouringwater8.(contain)reddyeparticlesofdifferentsizesthrough.Totheiramazement,theyfoundthatitwaseffectiveintrappingalltheparticles.9.(encourage),theteamconductedanotherexperiment,thistimewithwaterwhichcontainedbacteria.Sureenough,thesapwoodheldback99%ofthebacteria,10.(allow)only1%toflowthrough.答案：1.providing2.consisting3.developing4.toturntoflow6.cutting7.related8.containing9?Encouraged10.allowing(二)快捷技法思考趨向1填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的相應(yīng)形式思考趨向2填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)的相應(yīng)形式思考趨向3填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的相應(yīng)形式思考趨向思考趨向4填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)的相應(yīng)形式［解題規(guī)則］1?了解句法功能，判斷非謂語(yǔ)形式⑴作目的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)用不定式，且只能用不定式的一般式。作伴隨狀語(yǔ)、方式狀語(yǔ)和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)用現(xiàn)在分詞。作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用動(dòng)名詞。缺少主語(yǔ)常用動(dòng)詞ing形式。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ)修飾物時(shí)用v.ing,修飾人時(shí)用v.ed形式。2?非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞填空的兩個(gè)原則主被動(dòng)原則邏輯主語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞ing形式；是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)用過(guò)去分詞ed形式。時(shí)間先后原則非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示正在進(jìn)行，用現(xiàn)在分詞ing形式;表示已經(jīng)完成,用過(guò)去分詞ed形式；表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用不定式todo形式。3?利用固定搭配或用法，判定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式牢記非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一些固定搭配和句型公式，再分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境應(yīng)對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就能迎刃而解。4?牢記用動(dòng)詞ing/todo形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))(1)接動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的常用動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))有：喜歡考慮不可免(enjoy,consider,avoid)不禁放棄太冒險(xiǎn)(cannothelp,giveup,risk)欣賞承認(rèn)很值得(appreciate,admit,beworth)介意想象莫拖延(mind,imagine,delay,putoff)允許完成是期待(allow,finish,lookforwardto)建議保持勤操練(suggest,keep,practice)致力原諒要堅(jiān)持(bedevotedto,excuse,insiston)繼續(xù)成功不錯(cuò)過(guò)(keepon,succeedin,miss)(2)接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的常用動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))有：一準(zhǔn)備(prepare)、二決定(decide,determine)、三要求(ask,demand,request)、四希望(desire,expect,hope,wish);提供計(jì)劃(offer,plan,intend)；設(shè)法學(xué)會(huì)(manage,learn)；未能選擇(fail,choose)；只好乞求(beg);拒絕答應(yīng)(refuse,promise);假裝同意(pretend,agree)。有些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)既可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，也可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但表示的含義不同。meanJtodosth.meanJtodosth.

doingsth.打算做某事意味著做某事[todosth.忘記去做某事(未做)forget*[doingsth.忘記做過(guò)某事(已做)jtodosth.對(duì)即將做的事表示遺憾(未做)regret|doingsth.對(duì)做過(guò)的事表示遺憾/后悔(已做)[[todosth.盡力做某事try*doingsth.試著做某事

goonJtodosth.goonJtodosth.

doingsth.繼續(xù)做另外一件事繼續(xù)做同一件事[todosth.記著去做某事（未做）remember?t[doingsth.記得做過(guò)某事（已做）[todosth.不能幫助做某事can'thelp?Idoingsth.情不自禁地做某事（一）考點(diǎn)練悟下文中共有9處錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。請(qǐng)找出并改正。Goodafternoon,Ladiesandgentlemen.ItisagreathonorformeintroducethisEnglishspeechcompetition.Asweallknow,masteraforeignlanguageisveryimportantforus.TakepartinEnglishspeechisahelpfulwaytolearnEnglish.Everyonewantstoshowingtheirbest.Whenwehavebeenpreparingforit,wecanimproveourlisteningandspokenability,developingagoodhabitoflearnEnglish.Intheprocessofthecompetition,youshouldpayattentiontotherulesmakingbyus.First,youshouldmakeyourvoicehearclearlybyeveryone,soreadingaloudisverynecessary.Second,youshouldtryyourbesttoexpressyourselfinEnglishfluently.Finally,youshouldfinishyourspeechinfiveminutes.IamsuretheEnglishspeechcompetitionwillbeagreatsuccessandthattheaudiencewillfeelsatisfyingwithourperformance.Thankyou!答案：第二句：introduce前加to第三句：master前加to第四句：TakefTaking第五句：showingfshow第六句：spokenfspeaking;learnflearning第七句：makingfmade第八句：hearfheard第十一句：satisfyingfsatisfied（二）快捷技法思考趨向解題規(guī)則1.理清to的兩種命題方式：注意不定式符號(hào)to的多余或缺失；介詞to后是否跟了v.ing形式。1.看牢一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單單詞——to多余：感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞（get除外）后面跟不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。缺失：有些動(dòng)詞，如want,decide,plan等后應(yīng)接帶to的不定式賓語(yǔ)。

2?注意to的介詞用法：有些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中的to是介詞，后需接動(dòng)詞ing形式，如lookforwardto,be/get/becomeusedto,bedevotedto,payattentionto,whenitcomesto,stickto等。2?掌握介詞標(biāo)志介詞就是標(biāo)志，后接動(dòng)名詞形式。3?檢查“情感類(lèi)”分詞形容詞是否錯(cuò)用檢查“情感類(lèi)”分詞形容詞在作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)是否把過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞形式誤用?？吹椒侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞修飾人，則多使用動(dòng)詞ed形式作定語(yǔ);看到非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞修飾物，多使用動(dòng)詞ing形式作定語(yǔ)，但看到smile,face,tears,look等，多使用動(dòng)詞ed形式作定語(yǔ)。［課堂應(yīng)用體驗(yàn)］.語(yǔ)法填空(2019?洛陽(yáng)市第二次統(tǒng)考)Mymomwasanurseandoftentookmealongtovisitthe__1__(family)shewascaringfor,includingonewhohadaseriesofstrokes(中風(fēng))andwasbedridden.OneafternoonMomtoldmethatweneededtovisitthewoman__2__(give)hermedications,andthatwewouldstopatastore__3__theway.Ithoughtwewouldstopatadrugstore,butwepulleduptoashoppingmall.Mymom__4__(head)totheperfume(香水)counterandboughtthemostexpensivebottletheyoffered.Shealsoboughtabeautifulnightdress.WhenIaskedherwhotheywerefor,shesaidtheywereforherpatient.She__5__(far)explainedalthoughthiswomanwasoldandbedridden,shewasstillalady,and__6__olddeservedtobetreatedwithrespectandgrace.When__7__(care)forsomeone,weshouldlookpastthedisabilityortheillnessandlookintothesoulofthehuman,sowecanconnectthemwithsympathy.Isoonrealizedthatmymom'sgreatest__8__(strong)wastakingcareofthosewhocannotadvocatefor__9__(they)andneedtrustworthycareproviders.That's__10__Iwantedtobecomeadoctor.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。媽媽經(jīng)常帶“我”去看望她的病人。她不僅關(guān)心病人的身體，還關(guān)心病人的心理健康。在媽媽的影響下，“我”想成為一名醫(yī)生。1．families考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)下文中的“includingone”并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，病人不止一個(gè)，涉及不同的家庭，故填families。2．togive考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示目的，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式，故填togive。on考查介詞。ontheway意為“在路上”，為固定用法，故填on。headed考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)該句中的'bought”可知,此處描述的是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填headed。further考查副詞的比較級(jí)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，“我”不明白媽媽為什么這么做，所以媽媽進(jìn)一步解釋給我聽(tīng)。故填further。the考查冠詞?！皌he+某些形容詞”表示一類(lèi)人，theold表示“老年人”。故填the。caring考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為分詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),care和其邏輯主語(yǔ)we是主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞,故填caring。strength考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)前面的形容詞最高級(jí)“greatest”和空后的“was”可知，空處應(yīng)用名詞，故填strength。themselves考查代詞。此處作for的賓語(yǔ)，表示“為他們自己”，故填themselves。why考查名詞性從句。句意：那就是我想要成為一名醫(yī)生的原因。生的原因。That'swhy...表示“那就是的原因”故填why。H?短文改錯(cuò)（2019?福建省質(zhì)量檢查）Aseverybodyknow,parentsareworriedtoomuchabouttheirchild,especiallywhentheyoungmeetwithchallenges.Sodomyparents.TheyareevenmorenervousthanIwhenaimportanttestiscoming.Ihavebeenthinkingabouttalkedtothem.I'llletthemknowIhaveagoalandwillworkhardtoachievethem.WhentheyareconvincingthatI'llberesponsibleforthatwhatIshoulddo,theysurelywo