高二虛擬語氣用法講解課件

條件句表示主句的條件,分真實條件句

和虛擬條件句

兩種。a.真實條件句表示條件是真的或有可能實現(xiàn)的,采用陳述語氣。b.虛擬條件句

表示條件是無法實現(xiàn)或幾乎無法實現(xiàn)的,采用虛擬語氣。SubjunctiveMood條件句表示主句的條件,分真實條件句和虛擬條件句兩種。a.1

一、用法歸納:虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法主從句構(gòu)成時態(tài)虛擬條件從句(if…)主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)與過去事實相反的假設(shè)If+主語+did(be用were)主語+would/should/could/might+do

If+主語+haddone主語+would/should/could/mighthavedone

一、用法歸納:虛擬語氣在條件2主從句構(gòu)成虛擬條件從句(if…)主句與將來情況相反的假設(shè)①If+主語+did②If+主語+weretodo③If+主語+

shoulddo主語+would/should/could/mightdo時態(tài)主從構(gòu)虛擬條件從句(if…)主句與將來3二虛擬語氣在條件從句中的應(yīng)用1）與現(xiàn)在事實相反從句謂語：主句謂語：IfIwereyou,Iwouldgothere.過去時would,should,could,might+動詞原形注意：在虛擬語氣中，只能用were，不能用was.IfI

had

alotofmoneyI

would

buyavilla二虛擬語氣在條件從句中的應(yīng)用1）與現(xiàn)在事4三與將來事實相反從句謂語：主句謂語：IfitwereSundaytomorrow,Ishouldgotoseeafilm.IfheshouldhavetimenextSunday,hewouldgotovisittheGreatWall.IfIweretobetwentynextyear,Icouldtakethecourse.1）過去時would,should,could,might+動詞原形2）should+動詞原形3)wereto+動詞原形三與將來事實5四與過去事實相反從句謂語：主句謂語：Ifhehadcomeearlier,hewouldhaveseenher.had+動詞的過去分詞would,should,could,might+have+動詞的過去分詞Ifhehaddrivenmorecarefully,hewouldnothavehadthecaraccidentyesterday四與過去事實相反h6HadIhadtime,Iwouldhavegonetoseethefilm.=IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhavegonetoseethefilm.五在虛擬語氣的條件從句中，可以省略if，但要把狀語從句變成一般疑問句語序。____today,hewouldgetthereonFriday.Washeleaving B.IfheleavesC.Werehetoleave D.IfheisleavingCHadIhadtime,Iwouldhaveg7六有時虛擬語氣的條件從句不用if引導(dǎo)，而用butfor,without,ifonly,otherwise等詞。Butforyourhelp,Icouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogressinEnglish.

Withoutair,wecouldn’tlive.3)Ifonlytheweatherwerefine.4)Ihadbeentherebytaxi,otherwiseIwouldhavemissedthetrain.以butfor,without開頭的句子，謂語動詞的形式和if的主句的一致。主、從句的謂語動詞的形式都和if從句相一致。以Ifonly開頭的句子，謂語動詞的形式和if從句的一致。六有時虛擬語氣的條件從句不用if引導(dǎo)，而用butfor,8七有時虛擬條件從句與主句的時間不一致，出現(xiàn)混合虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)。Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbewell.IfIwereyouIwouldnothavegonetoseethefilmyesterday.在混合虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句表示的動作與主句表示的動作的時間不一致，這時主、從句謂語動詞的形式要根據(jù)它們發(fā)生的時間進行調(diào)整。七有時虛擬條件從句與主句的時間不一致，出現(xiàn)混合虛擬語氣結(jié)9ShetalkedaboutAmericaasifhehadbeenbornthere.Hesings

asthoughhewereasinger.八、由asif或asthough引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，其謂語動詞用過去式或had+動詞的過去分詞。1)Heappearsasthoughhe____anItalian.A.were B.was C.hasbeen D.be2)Itseemsasifhe____thereyesterday.A.wasB.wereC.hasbeenD.hadbeenADShetalkedaboutAmericaasif10九、虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的應(yīng)用(1）*wish+賓語從句IwishIwereadoctor.IwishIshouldgoabroadnextyear.3)IwishIhadseenthefootballmatch.與現(xiàn)在事實相反，賓語從句的謂語動詞用過去時。與將來事實相反，賓語從句的謂語動詞用should,would,could,might+動詞原形。與過去事實相反，賓語從句的謂語動詞用過去完成時。九、虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的應(yīng)用(1）*wish+賓語從11(2)*suggest等+賓語從句。這類動詞有：order,insist,demand,desire,command,propose,request等。Theteachersuggestedthatoursportsmeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.Theheadmasterorderedthatallofthestudents(should)behereontime.Heinsistedthatwe(should)attendthemeeting.在賓語從句中，謂語動詞用should+動詞原形，should可省略。(2)*suggest等+賓語從句。這類動詞有：or12在

command,order,require,demand,request,insist,propose,suggest等動詞后面的賓語從句，要用虛擬語氣，其謂語動詞用(should)+動詞原形Wesuggestthatwe(should)haveameeting.Weinsistedthatthey(should)gowithus.記?。篿nsist/suggest各有兩種意思，要用不同的語氣Insist表示“堅決要求”時，用虛擬形式，即should+do;Insist表示“堅稱，堅持說”時，用陳述語氣，表示事實。Suggest表示“建議”時，用虛擬形式。Suggest表示“表明、暗示”時，用陳述語氣。

在command,order,require,de13注意：insist,suggest后接的賓語從句不用虛擬語氣的情況。sheinsistedthatshewasright.2)Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasunhappy.當insist的意思是堅持某人自己的觀點時，后接的賓語從句不能用虛擬語氣。當suggest的意思是暗示、表明時，后接的賓語從句不能用虛擬語氣。注意：insist,suggest后接的賓語從句不用虛擬語14Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)visitthefarm.Hisideaisthatthestudents(should)makeaplan.(3）*句中有suggestion,plan,idea,order,requirement,motion,recommendation,proposal等名詞，其后的表語從句或同位語從句中的謂語動詞用(should)+動詞原形。Mysuggestionisthatyou(sho15虛擬語氣用于表語從句，同位語從句中。名詞advice,order,demand,proposal,command,requirement,insistence,suggestion,request等的表語從句和同位語從句要用虛擬語氣，其謂語動詞的構(gòu)成是(should)+動詞原形Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoBeijingforoursummervocation.虛擬語氣用于表語從句，同位語從句中。16(4）*記住下面幾個句型：

natural/important/necessary/impossiblesurprising/strange/funny/essentialItis+that

requested/suggested/desired/proposedapity/amatterofregret/ashame/nowonder從句的謂語動詞用(should)+動詞原形(4）*記住下面幾個句型：natural/i17在主語從句中，謂語動詞可以用虛擬語氣表示驚奇，不相信，惋惜，理應(yīng)如此等主觀的情感,其謂語動詞用(should)+動詞原形。1.Itisimportantthatwe(should)cleantheroomeveryday.(necessary,natural,strange,etc.)2.Itisapitythatyou(should)besocareless.(a

shame,nowonder,etc.)3.ItissuggestedthatMissLiu(should)giveaperformanceattheparty.(decided,ordered,requested,proposed,etc)在主語從句中，謂語動詞可以用虛擬語氣表示驚奇，不相信，惋惜，182.It’stimethatwehad(或shouldhave)aclass.在It’sabout/hightimethat句型中，從句的謂語動詞用過去時或shoulddosth.3.Iwouldratheryoufinishedtheworktoday.Iwouldratheryoufinishedtheworktomorrow.I’dratheryouhad

finishedtheworkyesterday.在wouldrather句型中，與過去事實相反，從句的謂語動詞用過去完成時；與現(xiàn)在、將來事實相反，從句的謂語動詞用過去時。2.It’stimethatwehad(或shou191.錯綜時間條件句Ifyouhadlistenedtome,youwouldn’tbeinsuchtroublenow.Ifthedoctorhadcomeintime,Amywouldstillbealive.Ifhehadreceivedsixmorevotes,hewouldbeourchairmannow.十幾種特殊情況1.錯綜時間條件句Ifyouhadlistened20十一If可能被省略,從句要倒裝Weresheincharge(=Ifshewereincharge),shewoulddothingsdifferently.HadIknownyouraddress(=IfIhadknownyouraddress),Iwouldhavewrittenbefore.Shouldyouchangeyourmind(=Ifyoushouldchangeyourmind),noonewouldblameyou.十一If可能被省略,從句要倒裝Wereshein21十二不含條件從句,但有條件假設(shè)意義Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn’thaveachievedallthis.(Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp)2.Butforhispension,hewouldstarve.(Ifitwerenotforhispension)十二不含條件從句,但有條件假設(shè)意義Withoutyo22十三Ifonly意為：若是...那該多好啊;真希望...;只要,只要...就好IfonlyIhadarrivedintime!Ifonlyshedidn’tdrivesofast.IfonlyIwereabird.IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice十三Ifonly意為：若是...那該多好啊;真希望23十四由sothat,inorderthat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中用虛擬語氣,其謂語形式為may(might),can(could)+動詞原形.SpeakloudersothatIcanhearyou.Hegotupmuchearlierthismorninginorderthathemightcatchthefirstbustothecity.IwenttothecinemaearlysothatIcouldfindagoodseat.十四由sothat,inorderthat引導(dǎo)24

虛擬語氣是一種動詞形式，表示說話人的一種愿望，假設(shè)，懷疑，建議等含義，虛擬語氣所表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實。

SubjunctiveMood①

IwishpeoplewouldfindoutaboutthefactsandnotactasifIwereabadordangerousperson.②IfIwereyou,IwouldgiveanAIDSpatientahug.

成都七中2012級直播班語法課件虛擬語氣是一種動詞形式，表示說話人的一種愿望，假設(shè)25條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實條件句，一類為非真實條件句。非真實條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語氣。一、虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法。虛擬語氣常見用法

Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifitrains.Fact!Theweathermanforecastednorainfortomorrow;but

ifitshouldrain

tomorrow,they

wouldn’tgo

foranouting.條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實條件句，一類為非真實條件句。非真26二虛擬語氣假設(shè)條件句型注意點：1.非真實條件從句謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間與主句的謂語動詞不一致，叫做錯綜條件虛擬語氣,也稱為混合虛擬。主句和從句的謂語動詞要依照假設(shè)的時間而定。如果你開車時不是太快，現(xiàn)在你就不會在醫(yī)院了。

Ifyouhadn’tdriventoofast,youwouldn’tbeinhospitalnow.二虛擬語氣假設(shè)條件句型注意點：1.非真實條件從句謂語動詞272.假設(shè)條件虛擬倒裝。

條件從句中有should，were，had三個助動詞可以把if省略，并將這三個詞提至句首。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.Ifyouhadn’tbrokentherule,youwouldn’tbeintroublesnow.Hadyounotbrokentherule,youwouldn’tbeintroublenow.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,whatshouldwedo?Shoulditraintomorrow,whatshouldwedo?2.假設(shè)條件虛擬倒裝。283.虛擬語氣的特殊句型：現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：did（were）haddonewould/could/might+v.shouldIwishIwereabirdnow.（現(xiàn)在）IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistakeyesterday.（過去）Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishuslater.（將來）wishwish的賓語從句asif/though+Clause(表語，狀語)

現(xiàn)在：過去：將來：didhaddonewould/could/might+v.3.虛擬語氣的特殊句型：現(xiàn)在：did（were）had294.without和butfor構(gòu)成虛擬條件,“要不是”Withoutsunlight,people’slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.Butforyouadvice,Iwouldn’thavefinishedtheworkontime.=IfIhadn’tacceptedyouradvice,…=Iftherewerenosunlight,…使用(should)do句型1)一個“堅持”：insist;兩個“命令”：order,command;三個“建議”：suggest,recommend,propose;四個“要求”：request,require,demand,desire4.without和butfor構(gòu)成虛擬30條件句表示主句的條件,分真實條件句

和虛擬條件句

兩種。a.真實條件句表示條件是真的或有可能實現(xiàn)的,采用陳述語氣。b.虛擬條件句

表示條件是無法實現(xiàn)或幾乎無法實現(xiàn)的,采用虛擬語氣。SubjunctiveMood條件句表示主句的條件,分真實條件句和虛擬條件句兩種。a.31

一、用法歸納:虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法主從句構(gòu)成時態(tài)虛擬條件從句(if…)主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)與過去事實相反的假設(shè)If+主語+did(be用were)主語+would/should/could/might+do

If+主語+haddone主語+would/should/could/mighthavedone

一、用法歸納:虛擬語氣在條件32主從句構(gòu)成虛擬條件從句(if…)主句與將來情況相反的假設(shè)①If+主語+did②If+主語+weretodo③If+主語+

shoulddo主語+would/should/could/mightdo時態(tài)主從構(gòu)虛擬條件從句(if…)主句與將來33二虛擬語氣在條件從句中的應(yīng)用1）與現(xiàn)在事實相反從句謂語：主句謂語：IfIwereyou,Iwouldgothere.過去時would,should,could,might+動詞原形注意：在虛擬語氣中，只能用were，不能用was.IfI

had

alotofmoneyI

would

buyavilla二虛擬語氣在條件從句中的應(yīng)用1）與現(xiàn)在事34三與將來事實相反從句謂語：主句謂語：IfitwereSundaytomorrow,Ishouldgotoseeafilm.IfheshouldhavetimenextSunday,hewouldgotovisittheGreatWall.IfIweretobetwentynextyear,Icouldtakethecourse.1）過去時would,should,could,might+動詞原形2）should+動詞原形3)wereto+動詞原形三與將來事實35四與過去事實相反從句謂語：主句謂語：Ifhehadcomeearlier,hewouldhaveseenher.had+動詞的過去分詞would,should,could,might+have+動詞的過去分詞Ifhehaddrivenmorecarefully,hewouldnothavehadthecaraccidentyesterday四與過去事實相反h36HadIhadtime,Iwouldhavegonetoseethefilm.=IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhavegonetoseethefilm.五在虛擬語氣的條件從句中，可以省略if，但要把狀語從句變成一般疑問句語序。____today,hewouldgetthereonFriday.Washeleaving B.IfheleavesC.Werehetoleave D.IfheisleavingCHadIhadtime,Iwouldhaveg37六有時虛擬語氣的條件從句不用if引導(dǎo)，而用butfor,without,ifonly,otherwise等詞。Butforyourhelp,Icouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogressinEnglish.

Withoutair,wecouldn’tlive.3)Ifonlytheweatherwerefine.4)Ihadbeentherebytaxi,otherwiseIwouldhavemissedthetrain.以butfor,without開頭的句子，謂語動詞的形式和if的主句的一致。主、從句的謂語動詞的形式都和if從句相一致。以Ifonly開頭的句子，謂語動詞的形式和if從句的一致。六有時虛擬語氣的條件從句不用if引導(dǎo)，而用butfor,38七有時虛擬條件從句與主句的時間不一致，出現(xiàn)混合虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)。Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbewell.IfIwereyouIwouldnothavegonetoseethefilmyesterday.在混合虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句表示的動作與主句表示的動作的時間不一致，這時主、從句謂語動詞的形式要根據(jù)它們發(fā)生的時間進行調(diào)整。七有時虛擬條件從句與主句的時間不一致，出現(xiàn)混合虛擬語氣結(jié)39ShetalkedaboutAmericaasifhehadbeenbornthere.Hesings

asthoughhewereasinger.八、由asif或asthough引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，其謂語動詞用過去式或had+動詞的過去分詞。1)Heappearsasthoughhe____anItalian.A.were B.was C.hasbeen D.be2)Itseemsasifhe____thereyesterday.A.wasB.wereC.hasbeenD.hadbeenADShetalkedaboutAmericaasif40九、虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的應(yīng)用(1）*wish+賓語從句IwishIwereadoctor.IwishIshouldgoabroadnextyear.3)IwishIhadseenthefootballmatch.與現(xiàn)在事實相反，賓語從句的謂語動詞用過去時。與將來事實相反，賓語從句的謂語動詞用should,would,could,might+動詞原形。與過去事實相反，賓語從句的謂語動詞用過去完成時。九、虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的應(yīng)用(1）*wish+賓語從41(2)*suggest等+賓語從句。這類動詞有：order,insist,demand,desire,command,propose,request等。Theteachersuggestedthatoursportsmeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.Theheadmasterorderedthatallofthestudents(should)behereontime.Heinsistedthatwe(should)attendthemeeting.在賓語從句中，謂語動詞用should+動詞原形，should可省略。(2)*suggest等+賓語從句。這類動詞有：or42在

command,order,require,demand,request,insist,propose,suggest等動詞后面的賓語從句，要用虛擬語氣，其謂語動詞用(should)+動詞原形Wesuggestthatwe(should)haveameeting.Weinsistedthatthey(should)gowithus.記?。篿nsist/suggest各有兩種意思，要用不同的語氣Insist表示“堅決要求”時，用虛擬形式，即should+do;Insist表示“堅稱，堅持說”時，用陳述語氣，表示事實。Suggest表示“建議”時，用虛擬形式。Suggest表示“表明、暗示”時，用陳述語氣。

在command,order,require,de43注意：insist,suggest后接的賓語從句不用虛擬語氣的情況。sheinsistedthatshewasright.2)Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasunhappy.當insist的意思是堅持某人自己的觀點時，后接的賓語從句不能用虛擬語氣。當suggest的意思是暗示、表明時，后接的賓語從句不能用虛擬語氣。注意：insist,suggest后接的賓語從句不用虛擬語44Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)visitthefarm.Hisideaisthatthestudents(should)makeaplan.(3）*句中有suggestion,plan,idea,order,requirement,motion,recommendation,proposal等名詞，其后的表語從句或同位語從句中的謂語動詞用(should)+動詞原形。Mysuggestionisthatyou(sho45虛擬語氣用于表語從句，同位語從句中。名詞advice,order,demand,proposal,command,requirement,insistence,suggestion,request等的表語從句和同位語從句要用虛擬語氣，其謂語動詞的構(gòu)成是(should)+動詞原形Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoBeijingforoursummervocation.虛擬語氣用于表語從句，同位語從句中。46(4）*記住下面幾個句型：

natural/important/necessary/impossiblesurprising/strange/funny/essentialItis+that

requested/suggested/desired/proposedapity/amatterofregret/ashame/nowonder從句的謂語動詞用(should)+動詞原形(4）*記住下面幾個句型：natural/i47在主語從句中，謂語動詞可以用虛擬語氣表示驚奇，不相信，惋惜，理應(yīng)如此等主觀的情感,其謂語動詞用(should)+動詞原形。1.Itisimportantthatwe(should)cleantheroomeveryday.(necessary,natural,strange,etc.)2.Itisapitythatyou(should)besocareless.(a

shame,nowonder,etc.)3.ItissuggestedthatMissLiu(should)giveaperformanceattheparty.(decided,ordered,requested,proposed,etc)在主語從句中，謂語動詞可以用虛擬語氣表示驚奇，不相信，惋惜，482.It’stimethatwehad(或shouldhave)aclass.在It’sabout/hightimethat句型中，從句的謂語動詞用過去時或shoulddosth.3.Iwouldratheryoufinishedtheworktoday.Iwouldratheryoufinishedtheworktomorrow.I’dratheryouhad

finishedtheworkyesterday.在wouldrather句型中，與過去事實相反，從句的謂語動詞用過去完成時；與現(xiàn)在、將來事實相反，從句的謂語動詞用過去時。2.It’stimethatwehad(或shou491.錯綜時間條件句Ifyouhadlistenedtome,youwouldn’tbeinsuchtroublenow.Ifthedoctorhadcomeintime,Amywouldstillbealive.Ifhehadreceivedsixmorevotes,hewouldbeourchairmannow.十幾種特殊情況1.錯綜時間條件句Ifyouhadlistened50十一If可能被省略,從句要倒裝Weresheincharge(=Ifshewereincharge),shewoulddothingsdifferently.HadIknownyouraddress(=IfIhadknownyouraddress),Iwouldhavewrittenbefore.Shouldyouchangeyourmind(=Ifyoushouldchangeyourmind),noonewouldblameyou.十一If可能被省略,從句要倒裝Wereshein51十二不含條件從句,但有條件假設(shè)意義Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn’thaveachievedallthis.(Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp)2.Butforhispension,hewouldstarve.(Ifitwerenotforhispension)十二不含條件從句,但有條件假設(shè)意義Withoutyo52十三Ifonly意為：若是...那該多好啊;真希望...;只要,只要...就好IfonlyIhadarrivedintime!Ifonlyshedidn’tdrivesofast.IfonlyIwereabird.IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice十三Ifonly意為：若是...那該多好啊;真希望53十四由sothat,inorderthat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中用虛擬語氣,其謂語形式為may(might),can(could)+動詞原形.SpeakloudersothatIcanhearyou.Hegotupmuchearlierthismorninginorderthathemightcatchthefirstbustothecity.IwenttothecinemaearlysothatIcouldfindagoodseat.十四由sothat,inorderthat引導(dǎo)54

虛擬語氣是一種動詞形式，表示說話人的一種愿望，假設(shè)，懷疑，建議等含義，虛擬語氣所表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實。

SubjunctiveMood①

Iwishpeoplewouldfindoutaboutthefactsandnotac