英語課程標準英文版(最新2011版譯文)

精品文檔英語課程標準 英文版NewEnglishCurriculumforChinesePrimarySchoolsandJunior/SeniorMiddleSchoolsExperimentalVersiondraftedbytheEducationMinistryofthePRCNoteonthistranslationThisEnglishversionofChina?snewcurriculumforEnglishisintenwhowouldliketofeelbetterinformedaboutadocumentthatiscentraltoourwork.

dedforVSOvolunteersHowever,itshouldinnowayberegardedasanofficialtranslation.Infact,itisneitherawordforwordtranslationnorasummary.Theappendixtotheoriginal,whichincludeslistsofspecificlanguageitemstobemastered,hasbeenomitted,ashavesomeleveldescriptorsandsamplelearningactivities.Despitetryingtomakeitmorereadable,thisversionreflectstherepetitivenatureoftheoriginal,withthesamekeywordscroppingupoverandoveragain.Volunteersshouldalsorefertothemoreofficial(butstillnotcompletelyofficial!)translationofthenewEnglishcurriculumspecificallyforseniormiddleschoolsavailablefromtheProgrammeOffice.Anyfeedbackonthisversionwouldbewelcome.TimMartinShaanxiInstituteofEducation,October2005Part1:IntroductionWiththeadventoftheinformationageandtheglobaleconomy,Englishhasbecomeincreasinglyimportant.Englishisthedominantcarrierofinformationandthemostwidelyspokenlanguageintheworld.ManycountrieshavemadeEnglishacornerstoneofqualityeducationwhendevelopingstrategiesforbasiceducation.SinceChina?sreformandopening,thescaleofitsEnglisheducationhascontinuallygrown,attendedbysignificantachievementsinteachingandlearning.However,Englisheducationinitscurrentformisfailingtomeettheneedsofcontemporarysocialandeconomicdevelopment.ThecurrentroundofreformstotheEnglishcurriculumaimtoendthefollowingpractices:Over-emphasizingthetransmissionandexplanationofknowledgeaboutgrammarandvocabularylNeglectingtodevelopstudents?abilitytouselanguageforrealIntheirplace,thereformsaimtoestablishacurriculumthat:lDevelopsstudents?comprehensivelanguagecompetence1Motivatesstudents,isrelevanttotheirlifeexperiencesandcognitivelevellPromotestask-basedteachingmethodslInvolvesstudentsinexperiential,practical,participatoryandcooperativelearninglDevelopsstudents?positiveattitudes,thinkingskills,practicalabilities,culturalawarenessandautonomythroughthelanguagelearningprocessTheNatureoftheNewCurriculumThenewEnglishcurriculumstrivestoaccomplishfarmorethanjusthelpstudentslearnEnglish.AtonelevellearningEnglishshouldinvolvehelpingstudentstDevelopacertainlevelofcomprehensivelanguagecompetenceandtheabilitytouselanguageforrealcommunicationl Mastercertainbasiclanguageknowledgel Masterlistening,speaking,readingandwritingskillsHowever,atanotherlevelthecurriculumshouldalsoservestudents?all-rounddevelopment,providingthemwithopportunitiestl StrengthentheirinterestinstudyingEnglishl Growinself-discipline,perseveranceandself-confidencel Improvetheircooperative,investigativeandthinkingabilitiesl Developtheirmemory,imaginationandcreativityAdoptgoodstudyhabitsandeffectivelearningstrategieslDevelopasautonomousandlifelonglearnersl BuildmoralintegrityandahealthyoutlookonlifeEstablishbothnationalspiritandanawarenessofandrespectforculturaldifferenceslBroadentheirhorizonsandenrichtheirlifeexperiencelTakepartinculturallifelDevelopasindividualsBasicPrinciplesoftheNewCurriculum2.1Thecurriculumpromotesqualityeducation(asopposedtoexam-orientatededucation)andtheall-rounddevelopmentofthestudentsTopromotequalityeducationparticularattentionmustbepaidtl Valuingeachstudent?sfeelingsl Stimulatingstudents?interestinstudyingEnglishl Helpingstudentsgainasenseofachievementandself-confidenceThecurriculummustgobeyonddevelopingstudents?comprehensivelanguagecompetencetoincludeareassuchas:l Improvingstudents?abilitytocontributetoculturalandsociallife2Developingstudents?practicalabilitieslFosteringstudents?creativity2.2Thecurriculumobjectivesareholisticandflexible.ThefundamentalaimofthenewEnglishcurriculumistodevelopstudents?comprehensivelanguagecompetence.Thisaimisbrokendownintofivegeneralobjectives.Theseobjectivesarethendividedintonineabilitylevelswithdescriptorsprovidedforeachlevel.Thefivegeneralobjectivesare:LanguageSkillsLanguageKnowledgeAttitudestoLearningLearningStrategiesCulturalAwarenessThisdesignallowsstudentstoprogresssystematicallythrougheachlevelwhilstmeetingthefullrangeofthecurriculum?sdemands.2.3StudentsareputatthecentreofthecurriculumandindividualdifferencesarerespectedStudents?mustbeattheheartofthenewcurriculum.Forexample,theirdevelopmentalneedsmustbethecentralconsiderationwhendeveloping:l CurriculumobjectivesTheteachingandlearningprocesslTheassessmentprocessl TeachingandlearningresourcesWhenimplementingthecurriculumeachstudentmustbeallowedtodevelopindividuallyundertheguidanceoftheteacher:2.4Thecurriculumpromotesactivity-basedmethods,experientialandparticipatorylearningThecurriculumpromotestask-basedlearningwhereby,undertheguidanceoftheteacher,thestudentsgainasenseofachievementbyreachingthegoalsofthetask.Taskcompletionwillinvolvethefollowingtypesoflearning:l Sensoryl Experientiall ,Handson?/practicall Participatoryl CooperativeInordertoimprovetheirabilitytouselanguageforrealcommunication,studentsshouldalsobeabletAdjusttheirlearningstrategiesandcontroltheiremotionslFormpositiveattitudestowardslearning2.5Thecurriculumrecognizestheimportantroleofformativeassessmentinpromotingstudent?development3Theassessmentsystemshouldcombineformativewithsummativeassessment.ThepurposesofassessmentshouldbetPromotestudents?comprehensivelanguagecompetencelEncourageandmotivatestudentslHelpstudentsbecomemoreautonomouslearnerslBenefitstudents?healthypersonaldevelopmentlGiveteachersusefulfeedbackfromwhichtodevelopteachingandlearningInformtheongoingdevelopmentandperfectionoftheEnglishcurriculumFormativeassessmentshouldbeanimportantpartoftheEnglishteachingandlearningprocesswithaparticularemphasison:l Encouragingstudents?activeparticipationinlearningl Improvingstudents?self -confidenceSummativeassessmentshouldfocuson:Testingstudents?integratedlanguageskillslTestingstudents?abilitytouselanguage2.6ThecurriculumexpandstherangeoflearningresourcesandopportunitiesavailableThecurriculumshouldstrivetouseanddevelopresourceswhosecontentis:l Realisticl Closetothestudents?livesl Contemporaryl Healthyl RichandvariedActiveuseshouldbemadeof:AudiovisualmateriallPrintmedialTheInternetStudentsshouldbeencouragedtotakeresponsibilityforfinding,usinganddevelopinglearningresourcesthemselves.TheCurriculumDesignThecurriculumfollowstheinternationalpracticeofdividingthegeneralobjectivesintodifferentabilitylevels.Whendesigningtheseninelevelsconsiderationwasgiventothefollowing:l Thenatureoflanguagedevelopmentl ThedifferentneedsofdifferentagegroupsTheneedsofdifferentethnicgroupsandareaslTheeconomicimbalancesthatexistinChinaTheaimistohavedesignedasystemthatisholisticandflexible.Thecorrespondencebetweenthelevelsystemandthegradesystemisshowninthefollowingdiagram:4PrimarySchoolWorktowards:NotesGrade3Level1StudentsshouldstartstudyingEnglishinGrade3Grade4Level1Grade5Level2Grade6Level2TherequiredstandardfortheendofprimaryschoolJuniorMiddleSchoolWorktowards:NotesGrade7(=Junior1)Level3Grade8(=Junior2)Level4Grade9(=Junior3)Level5TherequiredstandardfortheendofjuniormiddleschoolSeniorMiddleSchoolWorktowards:NotesSenior1Level6Senior2Level7Senior3Level8TherequiredstandardforseniormiddleschoolgraduationLevel9AnextensionlevelforspecialistschoolsandablestudentsDiagram1:TheLevelsandtheGradesPart2:IntroductiontoTheGeneralObjectivesThefundamentalaimofthenewcurriculumistodevelopstudents?comprehensivelanguagecompetence.Thiscomprehensivelanguagecompetenceisachievedthroughthefivegeneralobjectivesasshowninthefollowingdiagram:Diagram3:ComparisonoftheOldandNewCurriculumsLanguageskillsandknowledgeformthebasisofcomprehensivelanguagecompetencelThestudents?attitudestolearningstronglyinfluencetheirlearninganddevelopmentl Successful learningstrategiesimprovetheeffectivenessofstudents?learningl CulturalawarenessensuresstudentsuselanguageappropriatelyTheoveralldescriptorsforcomprehensivelanguagecompetence(i.e.acombinationofallfivegeneralobjectives)forLevels1to9arepresentedbelow:Level DescriptorsStudentsarecuriousaboutEnglishandenjoylisteningtopeoplespeakingEnglish.Theycan:lPlaygames,doactionsandactivities(e.g.colouring,joininglines)accordingtosimpleinstructionsfromtheteacherlPerformsimpleroleplays5l SingsimpleEnglishsongsl SaysimplerhymesandchantsUnderstandsimplestoriesbywiththeaidofpictureslCommunicatesimplepersonalinformationExpresssimplefeelingsandattitudeslWritelettersandwordslTakeinterestinforeignculturalcustomsmetduringlearningEnglishStudentsshowasustainedinterestinandenjoymentoflearningEnglish.Theycan:lUsesimpleEnglishgreetingsandexchangepersonalinformationandinformationaboutfamilyandfriendslPerformdialogues,songs,rhymesandchantsaboutcontenttheyhavestudiedlUnderstandandnarratesimplestorieswiththeaidofpictureslWritesimplesentenceswiththeaidofpicturesorpromptslParticipateandcooperateactivelyandhappilylTaketheinitiativetoaskforhelplEnjoylearningaboutothercountries?culturesandcustomsStudentsshowapositiveattitudeandthebeginningsofself-confidencetowardslearningEnglish.Theycan:lUnderstandshortandsimplestoriesaboutfamiliartopicsthattheyhearlExchangeinformationaboutfamiliartopics(e.g.school,familylife)withtheteacherorclassmateslReadandunderstandshortstoriesandothersimplewrittenmateriallWritesimplesentenceswiththeaidofexamplesorpictureslTakepartinsimpleroleplaysandactivitieslAttempttousesuitablelearningstrategiestoovercomedifficultiesencounteredduringstudylIdentifyculturaldifferencesthatarepresentwhencommunicatinginaforeignlanguageStudentscanidentifytheirownlearningneedsandtargetsandarefairlyself-confidentaboutlearningEnglish.Theycan:lListentoandunderstanddialoguesandshortstoriesineverydaycommunicationlCommunicateinformationandsimpleopinionsaboutfamiliareverydaytopicslWritebriefandsimpleletterslAttempttousedifferenteducationalresourceslGaininformationfromoralandwrittenmaterialstoextendtheirknowledge,solvesimpleproblemsanddescriberesults6HelpeachothertoovercomedifficultiesencounteredduringlearninglPlanandarrangesensiblelearningactivitieslActivelyexplorelearningstrategiessuitableforthemselveslTakenoteofculturaldifferencesbetweenChinaandothercountriesduringstudyandcommunicationStudentsshowclearmotivationandapositive,activeattitudetowardslearningEnglish.Theycan:lListentoandunderstandtheteacher?sstatementsaboutfamiliartopicsandtakepartindiscussionslExchangeinformationwithothersandexpressopinionsaboutvarioustopicsindailylifel Readandunderstandtexts,newspapersandmagazinessuitableforGrades7–9,overcomingthebarrierofunknownwordstounderstandthemainideaslUseappropriatereadingstrategiesaccordingtothepurposeofreadinglDraftandeditshortcompositionsaccordingwiththeaidofpromptslCooperatewithotherstocompletetasks,solveproblemsandreportresultslAssesstheirownlearningandsummarizetheirownlearningstylelMakeuseofawidevarietyofresourceslFurtherincreasetheirunderstandingandawarenessofculturaldifferencesStudentsshowfurthermotivationtostudyEnglishandagrowingawarenessofautonomouslearning.Theycan:lUnderstandtheviewpointsexpressedinoralorwrittenmaterialsandstatetheirownviewlEffectivelyuseoralorwrittenlanguagetodescribepersonalexperiencelPlan,organizeandcarryoutavarietyofEnglishlearningactivitieswiththeteacher?sassistancelTaketheinitiativetoexploitarangeoflearningresourcesandgaininformationthroughmultiplechannelslAdjusttheirownlearningobjectivesandstrategiesaccordingtotheresultsofself-assessmentlUnderstandtheculturalbackgroundtoandconnotationsoflanguageduringcommunicationStudentsshowclearandsustainedmotivationtostudyEnglishandaclearawarenessofautonomouslearning.Theycan:lExchangeinformation,askquestions,giveopinionsandadviceaboutafairlywiderangeoftopicslReadandunderstandoriginaltextsandnewspapersthathavebeenadaptedforseniormiddleschoolstudents7ShownascentskillinwritingcompositionssuchasnoticesandlettersofinformationlTaketheinitiativetoplan,organizeandcarryoutarangeoflanguagepracticeactivitiesTakeresponsibilityforusingawidevarietyoflearningresourcestopromotestudylMonitortheirownlearningtocontinuetoformlearningstrategiessuitableforthemselvesUnderstandculturaldifferencesincommunicationandfurtherformwideculturalawarenessStudentsshowstrongself-confidenceandabilitytolearnautonomously.Theycan:lCommunicatefairlynaturallywithotherEnglishspeakersaboutfamiliartopicslExpressevaluativecommentsaboutthecontentoforalorwrittenmaterialslWritecoherentandfullystructuredshortcompositionslTakeresponsibilityforplanning,organizingandcarryingoutarangeoflanguagepracticeactivitiessuchasdiscussion,decisionmaking,andreportingexperimentandsurveyresultslUsetheinternetandvariousotherresourcestogatherandprocessinformationeffectivelylConsciouslyevaluatelearningoutcomesandformeffectiveEnglishlearningstrategieslUnderstandtheculturalconnotationsandbackgroundduringcommunicationandadoptarespectfulandtolerantattitudetowardsculturesofdifferentcountriesStudentsareautonomouslearners.Theycan:lListentoandunderstandthemaincontentofspeeches,discussions,debatesandreportsonfamiliartopicslDiscussandexpresstheirattitudesandopinionsabouttopicsofuniversalimportanceinsideandoutsideChina,suchastheenvironment,population,peace,development,etclActasaninterpreterineverydaylifelMakethemostofavarietyofopportunitiestouseEnglishforrealcommunicationlReadpopularscienceandliteraturearticleswithfairlywiderangingsubjectswiththeaidofadictionarylUsecommongenres/texttypestocompleteordinarywritingtasksandhavenascentabilitytowriteinaliterarywaylExpandandenrichlearningresourcesautonomouslylDisplaystrongglobalawarenessTable1:TheOverallDescriptorsforComprehensiveLanguageCompetence8Part3:TheGeneralObjectivesinDetailDetaileddescriptorsforLevels2and5ofeachofthefivegeneralobjectivesarepresentedinthefollowingtables.PleaserefertothetranslationoftheseniorEnglishcurriculum(availablefromtheVSOProgrammeOffice)forLevel6 –9descriptors.Level Skill DescriptorsforLanguageSkills2 Listening Studentscan:UnderstandsimpleliveorrecordedspeechwiththeaidofpicturesandimagesUnderstandsimplestorieswiththeaidofpicturesUnderstandsimplequestionsduringclassroomactivitiesUnderstandcommoninstructionsandrespondappropriatelySpeaking Studentscan:SpeakwithclearpronunciationandcanconveyintonationTakepartinsimpledialoguesaboutfamiliarpersonalandfamilyinformationUsesomecommondailyexpressions(e.g.greetings,farewells,thanks,apologies,etc.)Tellsimplestorieswiththeteacher?shelpReading Studentscan:ReadandrecognizeallwordsstudiedReadaloudsimplewordsaccordingtospellingrulesUnderstandshortandsimpleinstructionsintextbooksUnderstandinformationexpressedinsimpletextslikegreetingscardsUnderstandsimplestoriesorshortpassageswiththeaidofpicturesandformthehabitofreadingforoverallcomprehensionReadaloudaccuratelyallthestoriesandpassagesstudiedWriting Studentscan:CopyexamplesentencesWritesimplegreetingsWriteshortandsimpleheadingsanddescriptionstofitpicturesorobjectsUsecapitalizationandpunctuationwithbasicaccuracyOther Studentscan:UsesimpleEnglishtoplaygamesPerformshortstoriesorfairytaleswiththeteacher?shelp9Say30-40simplenurseryrhymesorchantsPerform30-40EnglishsongsUnderstandEnglishcartoonsandprogrammesofasuitablelevel(onaverage20-25minutesperweek)5 Listening Studentscan:Understandspeakers?intentionsaccordingtotheirstressandintonationUnderstandandextractinformationandviewpointsfromtalkaboutfamiliartopicsUnderstandthemainideas,usingcontextualcluestodealwithunfamiliarwordsUnderstandstoriesandnarrativesspokenatnearnaturalspeed,includingtheircauseandeffectstructuresReactinasuitablewaytowhatisheardTakesimplenotesaboutwhatisheardSpeaking Studentscan:Provideinformation,expresssimpleviewsandopinionsandtakepartindiscussionsaboutsimpletopicsExchangeinformationandcooperatewithotherstocompletetasksCorrectoneselfappropriatelyduringspeechInquireforinformationandaskforhelpeffectivelyCarryoutsituationaldialoguesaccordingtodifferenttopicsPerformshortplaysinEnglishUusenaturalpronunciationandintonationandanappropriatetoneduringtheaboveactivitiesReading Studentscan:InferthemeaningofnewwordsfromthecontextandwordformationrulesUunderstandthelogicalrelationshipsbetweeneachsentenceinaparagraphPickoutthemainideasintextsandunderstandtheplotinstories,predictingitsdevelopmentandpossibleendingsUnderstandreadingmaterialofdifferentcommongenres/texttypesUseappropriatereadingstrategiestofindinformationaccordingtodifferentreadingpurposesUsedictionariesandotherreferencematerialtocarryoutlearningHhavereadmaterialotherthanthatincludedinthetextbook,10totalingover150000wordsWriting Studentscan:1. Gatherandorganizematerialaccordingtothepurposeofthewriting2. Ddraftshortlettersandpassagesindependently,editingthemwiththeteacher?sguidance3. Usecommonlinkingdevicestoexpressoneselffluentlyandlogicallyinwriting4. Writesimpledescriptionsofpeopleorthings5. Wwritesimpleparagraphs,instructionsandexplanationsaccordingtopromptsgiveninpicturesortablesTable2:LevelDescriptorsforLanguageSkillsObjectiveN.B.TheoriginalincludesLanguageSkillsdescriptorsforLevels1,3,4,6,7,8and9LevelKnowledgeDescriptorsforLanguageKnowledge2PronunciationStudentscan1.Knowincorrectpronunciationcanaffectcommunication2.Knowhowtosaythealphabet3.Understandsimplespellingrules4.Understandwordshavestresspatterns5.PronounceclearlywithnaturalintonationVocabularyStudentscan:1.Learnthe600-700wordsand50orsocommonexpressionsassociatedwiththetopicsforthisunit2.UunderstandwordsareformedfromlettersGrammarStudentscan:1.Knownounshavesingularandpluralforms2.Knowthedifferencebetweenthemainpronouns3.Knowverbscanchangeformsindifferentsituations4.Understandprepositionstoexpresstime,placeandposition5.UnderstandthebasicformsandfunctionsofsimpleEnglishsentencesFunctionsStudentscanunderstandthebasicformsforexpressingsimplecommunicativefunctionssuchasgreetings,farewells,thanks,acceptingapologies,introductions,requests,etc.TopicsStudentscanunderstandandexpresssimpleinformationaboutthefollowingtopics:numbers,colours,time,weather,food,clothes,toys,plantsandanimals,thebody,personalandfamilycircumstances,11school,friends,hobbiesandsports,festivals,etc.5PhoneticsStudentscan:1.Understandthesignificanceofphoneticswithinlanguagelearning2.UunderstandEnglishphoneticsincludespronunciation,stress,linking,intonationandrhythm3.Speakwithbasicallyaccurate,naturalandfluentpronunciationandintonationindailycommunication4.Understandandexpressdifferentintentionsbyalteringstressandintonationappropriately5.SpellwordsandphrasesaccordingtotheirpronunciationVocabularyStudentscan:1.UnderstandEnglishvocabularyincludessuchitemsaswords,phrases,expressionsandcollocations2.Understandanddistinguishbetweenthebasicmeaningsofwordsandtheirmeaningsinspecialsituations3.Usevocabularytodescribethings,behaviourandcharacteristics,explainprinciples,etc.4.Learnanduse1500-1600wordsand200-300expressionsandcollocationsGrammarStudentscan:1.Understandcommonformsandstructuresandtheirfunctions2.Llearnanddistinguishbetweenthefunctionsofdifferentformsandstructuresduringreallanguageuse3.Understandandmasterhowtodescribeofpeopleandthings4.Understandandmasterhowtodescribespecificfactualandbehaviouralphenomenaanddeveloptheabilitytodescribeprocesses5.Begintomasterhowtodescribetime,placeandposition6.Understandandmasterhowtocomparepeople,objectsandthingsFunctionsStudentscan:1.Understandandsuitablyexpresseverydaycommunicativefunctionssuchasgreetings,farewells,thanks,introductionsandsoon2.EffectivelyexpressthemselvesineverydaycommunicationwithothersTopicsStudentsare:1.Familiarwithtopicscloselyrelatedtothemselves,theirfamiliesandschoollife12Ffamiliarwithtopicsrelatedtoeverydaylife,hobbiesandinterests,socialcustoms,scienceandculture,etc.Table3:LevelDescriptorsforLanguageKnowledgeObjectiveLevel DescriptorsforAttitudestoLearning1.StudentslistentoandspeakEnglish,reciterhymes,singsongs,tellstoriesandplaygameswithinterest.2.Studentsimitatehappily,opentheirmouthsbravely,participateactivelyandaskforhelpautonomously.1.Studentshaveclearlearningobjectivesthatcanbemetthroughcommunication.StudentshaveaninterestinanddesiretolearnEnglish,happilytakingpartinavarietyoflanguagepracticeactivities.Studentshavetheself-confidencetolearnEnglishwellandthecouragetouseEnglishtoexpressthemselves.Studentscanactivelycooperatewithandhelpothersinsmallgroupstocompletelearningtasks.StudentscanexperiencethepleasureoflearningEnglishthroughcontactwithEnglishsongs,readingmaterial,etc.Studentspayattentiontoandunderstandotherpeople?sfeelingsduringcommunication.Whenstudentsencounterproblemstheycantaketheinitiativetoaskforhelpfromtheteacherortheirclassmates.WhenencounteringEnglishduringdailylife,studentshappilyinvestigateitsmeaningandtrytocopyit.Studentshaveadeepenedunderstandingoftheirownculture.Studentshappilygetintouchwithandunderstandtheculturesofdifferentcountries.Table4:LevelDescriptorsforAffectiveAttitudesObjectiveLevelStrategyTypeDescriptorsforLearningStrategies2BasicLearningStudentscan:Strategies1.ActivelycooperatewithotherstocompletelearningtasksTakeinitiativetoasktheteacherorclassmatesforhelpEstablishasimplestudyplanIndependentlypracticewhathasbeenlearntBuildconnectionsbetweenwordsandwhattheyrepresentLearnwithconcentrationandfocusTrytoreadEnglishstoriesandotherkindsofnon-curricularreadingmaterial138.ActivelyusetheEnglishtheyhavelearnttoexpressthemselvesandcommunicate9.TakenoteofsimpleEnglishfoundindailylifeandthemedia10.Begintousesimplestudents?English/Chinesedictionaries5CognitiveStudentscan:Strategies1.Previewmaterialasnecessary2.Learnwithconcentrationandfocus3.Activelythinkwhenlearning4.Notekeypointswellduringlearning5.Uusepicturesandothernon-linguisticclueswelltounderstandmainideas6.Uuseassociationtohelplearnandrememberwords7.Taketheinitiativetoreview,sortandsummarizewhattheyhavelearnt8.Trytodiscoverlanguagerulesandinfergeneralrulesfromsinglecases9.RealizetheyhavemademistakeswhenusingEnglishandcorrectthemselvesappropriately10.UseknowledgeofChinesewhennecessarytohelpthemunderstandEnglishmoreeffectively11.TrytoreadEnglishstoriesandothernon-curricularreadingmaterialMetacognitiveStudentscan:Strategies1.KnowtheirownEnglishlearningobjectivesclearly2.Knowtheirownlearningneedsclearly3.Establishsimplestudyplans4.Graspthemaincontentofwhattheylearn5.Payattentiontounderstandingandreflectingontheirownprogressandshortcomings6.Activelyexplorelearningstylesthataresuitableforthemselves7.Oftensharestudyingexperienceswithteachersandclassmates8.ActivelyparticipateinclassroomandextracurricularEnglishlearningactivitiesCommunicationStudentscan:Strategies1.CommunicatewithothersinEnglishduringclassroomandextracurricularlearningactivities142.MakegooduseofopportunitiestocommunicateinEnglish3.Concentrateonexpressingtheirmeaningwhencommunicating4.Usegestures,facialexpressionsandsoontohelpcommunicatewhennecessary5.Askforhelpeffectivelywhentheyexperiencecommunicationproblems6.RecognizeculturaldifferencesinChineseandforeignmodesofcommunicationResourceStudentscan:Strategies1.Enrichtheirlearningthroughtheuseofaudiovisualmaterials2.Usedictionariesandsimplereferencebookstofindinformation3.TakenoteofalltheEnglishusedinreallifeandthemedia4.BegintouselearningresourcesavailableinlibrariesorontheInternetTable5:LevelDescriptorsforLearningStrategiesObjectiveLevel DescriptorsforCulturalAwarenessStudentscan:Knowthesimpleformsofaddress,greetingsandfarewellsinEnglishRrespondappropriatelytoordinarycompliments,requests,etc.KnowthemaininternationalsportsandentertainmentsKnowthenamesofthemostpopularfoodsanddrinksinEnglishspeakingcountriesKnowthecapitalsandflagsofthemajorEnglishspeakingcountriesKnowtheimportantsymbolsofmajorcountries,suchastheUK?sBigBenKnowthemainfestivalsofEnglishspeakingcountriesStudentscan:Understandcommonbodylanguage,gesturesandfacialexpressionsusedinEnglishcommunicationUsedifferentformsofaddress,greetingsandfarewellsappropriatelyinEnglishKnowthedifferencebetweenmaleandfemalenamesandcommonaffectionateformsofaddressKnowthenames