物流英語(yǔ)基本概念

物流英語(yǔ)基本概念一、物流基本概念：

1.

Logistics

is

referred

to

the

article

flow,

but

not

including

the

flow

of

the

people.

物流是指物品流動(dòng)，但不包括人流。

2.

The

concept

of

article

in

logistics

includes

tangible

goods

and

intangible

service,

such

as

customer

service,

freight

agents

and

logistics

network

design.

物流中，物品的概念包括有形的貨物和無(wú)形的服務(wù)，如客戶服務(wù)、貨運(yùn)代理及物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計(jì)。

3.

Logistics

documents

generally

refer

to

documentations

required

to

complete

all

processes

of

logistics,

such

as

contracts,

bills,

and

notes.

物流單證一般是指完成整個(gè)物流過(guò)程所需的文件，如合同、票據(jù)、簽單。

4.

The

external

logistics

is

about

the

macro

economic

activities,

like

international

trade

and

global

investment.

社會(huì)物流主要關(guān)于宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)，如國(guó)際貿(mào)易和全球投資。

5.

The

four

key

procedures

in

the

internal

logistics

are

supply,

production,

distribution

and

reverse.

企業(yè)物流的四個(gè)關(guān)鍵步驟是：供應(yīng)、生產(chǎn)、銷售和回收。

6.

Supply

Chain

Management

(SCM)

is

a

system

applied

to

maximize

profits

for

all

parties

in

the

whole

logistic

system

and

other

economic

systems.

供應(yīng)鏈管理（SCM）是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)，應(yīng)用于將整個(gè)物流系統(tǒng)與其他經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的所有各方的利益最大化。

7.

A

standarized

logistic

system

ensures

better

time

management,

location

choices

and

distribution

capacities.

一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的物流管理系統(tǒng)應(yīng)確保更好的時(shí)間管理、地點(diǎn)選擇和分配能力。

8.

Distribution

capacity

is

value

added

in

the

logistic

system.

配送能力是物流系統(tǒng)的增值(服務(wù))。

9.

Logistics

system

includes

customer

service,

packaging,

transportation,

storage,

distribution

processing

and

information

control.

物流系統(tǒng)包括客戶服務(wù)，包裝，運(yùn)輸，倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)，流通加工和信息控制。

10.

Market

share

is

the

proportion

of

sales

of

a

good

or

service

provided

by

one

companyto

the

industry

sales

of

such

good

or

service.

市場(chǎng)份額是指一家公司提供的商品或服務(wù)等占行業(yè)銷售的該商品或服務(wù)的比例。

11.

The

need

for

outsourcing

creates

Third

Party

Logistics.

外包需求催生第三方物流。

12.

Customer

Relationship

Management

(CRM)

is

software

to

manage

the

relationship

and

communication

between

customers

and

suppliers.

客戶關(guān)系管理（CRM）是管理軟件，用于管理客戶及供應(yīng)商之間的溝通與關(guān)系。

13.

Exclusive

distribution

refers

to

the

fact

that

there

is

only

one

wholesaler

or

retailer

who

selling

a

product

or

providing

a

certain

service.

獨(dú)家分銷是指，只有一個(gè)批發(fā)商或零售商銷售某種產(chǎn)品或提供某種服務(wù)。

14.

A

logistic

model

is

a

standardized

module

that

is

used

to

regulate

the

cargo

transportation,

manage

logistics

facilities

and

equipments.

物流模型是一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的模塊，用于調(diào)節(jié)貨物運(yùn)輸、管理物流設(shè)施和設(shè)備。

15．Letter

of

credit

(L/C)

is

used

exclusively

by

the

buyer.

It

is

a

letter

issued

by

the

bank

employed

by

the

buyer

which

authorizes

the

bearer

(the

supplier

or

seller)

to

draw

a

stated

amount

of

money

from

the

issuing

bank.

信用證(L/C)使用時(shí)完全由買方承擔(dān)。它是由受雇于買方的銀行發(fā)行的一封信，授權(quán)信用證的持有者從發(fā)信銀行提取指定額度的資金。

16.

A

logistics

center

consists

of

a

series

of

integrated

logistic

activities,

processes,

equipments,

and

information

network.

物流中心由一系列的綜合物流活動(dòng)，過(guò)程，設(shè)備，信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)組成。

17.

Third

Party

Logistics

refers

to

specialized

logistics

service

providers

that

provide

specific

services

for

suppliers

and

customers.

第三方物流是指專業(yè)化的物流服務(wù)提供商，為供應(yīng)商和客戶提供具體服務(wù)。

18.

Customized

logistics

refer

to

a

logistic

system

or

process

specifically

designed

to

cater

to

an

individual

customer’s

requirements

and

needs.

定制物流是指一個(gè)專門(mén)設(shè)計(jì)的物流系統(tǒng)或過(guò)程，可迎合個(gè)別客戶的要求和需要。

19.

Logistics

alliance

refers

to

the

long

term

cooperation

and

business

relationship

between

logistics

supplier

and

customers.

物流聯(lián)盟是指物流供應(yīng)商和客戶之間的長(zhǎng)期合作和業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系。

20.

Bridge

transport

refers

to

containers

transported

by

railway

using

the

bridges

that

link

both

ends

separated

by

river

or

oceans.

橋運(yùn)輸是指借助于鏈接被河流或海洋隔開(kāi)的兩端的橋梁，通過(guò)鐵路運(yùn)輸?shù)募b箱。21.

International

logistics

is

a

result

of

international

commercial

activities,

cross

border

investment,

and

importing

and

exporting

activities.

國(guó)際物流是國(guó)際商業(yè)活動(dòng)、跨境投資、進(jìn)口和出口活動(dòng)的結(jié)果。

22.

Time

value

in

logistics

refers

to

the

differences

in

value

of

the

same

goods

at

different

time.

物流的時(shí)間價(jià)值是指同一商品在不同時(shí)間的價(jià)值差異。

23.

Location

value

in

logistics

refers

to

the

differences

in

value

of

the

same

goods

in

different

locations.

物流的空間價(jià)值是指同一商品在不同地點(diǎn)的價(jià)值差異。

24.

Logistics

vehicles

include

ships,

trucks,

trains

and

aircrafts

used

in

the

logistics

process.

物流運(yùn)輸工具包括在物流過(guò)程中使用的船只、卡車、火車和飛機(jī)。

25.

The

main

differences

between

the

traditional

and

modern

logistic

systems

are

the

usage

of

containers

and

information

technologies.

傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代物流系統(tǒng)的主要區(qū)別是對(duì)集裝箱和信息技術(shù)的使用。

26.

Integrated

logistics

management

was

the

early

stage

of

Supply

Chain

Management

(SCM).

綜合物流管理是供應(yīng)鏈管理（SCM）的早期階段。

27.

International

transport

is

the

major

part

in

international

logistics.

國(guó)際運(yùn)輸是國(guó)際物流的重要組成部分。

28.

Third

Party

Logistics

assist

the

execution

of

logistic

activities.

第三方物流協(xié)助物流活動(dòng)的執(zhí)行。

29.

Fourth

Party

Logistics

is

the

planner

and

manager

for

logistics

network,

while

Third

Logistics

is

the

supplier

of

logistics

service,

like

transport

and

storage.

第四方物流是物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)策劃者和管理者，而第三方物流是物流服務(wù)供應(yīng)商，如運(yùn)輸和儲(chǔ)存。

30.

Supply

Chain

is

the

relationship

between

suppliers

and

customers.

In

the

supply

chain,

suppliers

rank

before

buyer,

seller

and

customers.

供應(yīng)鏈?zhǔn)枪?yīng)商與客戶的關(guān)系。在供應(yīng)鏈中，供應(yīng)商排名在買方、賣方和客戶之前。

31.

Logistics

activities,

especially

transportation

have

a

major

impact

on

the

environment.

物流活動(dòng)，特別是運(yùn)輸對(duì)環(huán)境有重大影響。

32.

Logistics

is

a

combination

of

applied

technology

and

business

management.

物流是應(yīng)用技術(shù)和業(yè)務(wù)管理的結(jié)合。33.

Insurance

is

very

important

to

logistics

because

of

the

potential

hazards

and

dangers

in

the

process,

such

as

fire,

theft,

handling

damage

and

even

the

natural

disasters.

對(duì)物流而言，保險(xiǎn)非常重要，因?yàn)槲锪鬟^(guò)程中有潛在危害和危險(xiǎn)，如火災(zāi)、盜竊、損壞，甚至自然災(zāi)害。

34.

Costs

for

logistics

are

similar

to

all

other

businesses

and

include

fixed

cost,

variable

cost

and

management

cost.

物流成本與所有其他商業(yè)活動(dòng)類似，包括固定成本、可變成本和管理成本。

35.

The

process

to

handle

export

and

import

with

the

international

customs

is

the

customs

declaration.

與國(guó)際海關(guān)處理出口和進(jìn)口的過(guò)程即報(bào)關(guān)。

36.

Customer

services

link

all

logistics

activities

effectively.

客戶服務(wù)有效地連接所有的物流活動(dòng)。

37.

The

bank

is

a

third

party

in

the

payment

process

between

the

buyers

and

sellers.

銀行是在買家和賣家之間付款過(guò)程的第三方。

38.

Letter

of

Credit

is

issued

by

the

buyer’s

bank

for

the

importer’s

benefits.

信用證由買方銀行以進(jìn)口商的名義簽發(fā)。

39.

Industry

competition

leads

to

more

efforts

to

improve

customer

service.

行業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)導(dǎo)致了更多努力，以改善客戶服務(wù)。

40.

For

small

and

medium-sized

companies,

logistics

management

is

still

largely

decentralized.

對(duì)于小型和中型公司，物流管理在很大程度上仍是分散的。

41.

Customer

service

is

specially

set

up

to

provide

services

to

handle

and

inquiry

and

respond

to

demands

from

customers.

客戶服務(wù)是專門(mén)設(shè)立提供服務(wù)，以處理、詢問(wèn)和響應(yīng)來(lái)自客戶的需求。

42.

Safety

is

always

the

top

concern

for

warehouses

to

handle

goods.

安全始終是倉(cāng)庫(kù)貨物處理最關(guān)心的問(wèn)題。

43.

Logistics

information

refers

general

logistics

knowledge,

materials,

images,

data

and

documentation.

物流信息是指一般的物流知識(shí)、資料、圖像、數(shù)據(jù)和文件。

44.

Most

large

companies

locate

in

the

Central

Business

District

of

a

city.

大多數(shù)大型公司位于一個(gè)城市的中央商務(wù)區(qū)。

45.

In

a

bull

market,

market

prices

for

most

goods

will

continuously

go

up.

在牛市中，大多數(shù)商品市場(chǎng)價(jià)格將不斷上升。46.Thepaymentofmostglobaltransactionsiscarriedoutintheformofletterofcredit.大多數(shù)全球交易的付款采用信用證的形式。47.Distributionprocessingvalueisthevalueaddedbychangingthelength,thicknessandpackageofgoods.配送加工價(jià)值是通過(guò)改變貨物的長(zhǎng)度、厚度和包裝產(chǎn)生的增值。48.Communicationlinkstheentirelogisticsprocesswithcustomers.通信將整個(gè)物流過(guò)程與客戶連接。49.Demandforecastinghelpsmanagerstousetheirresourceseffectively.需求預(yù)測(cè)可以幫助管理者有效地利用其資源。50.Theprocesstooperateandmanagelogisticsislogisticscontrolactivities.操作和管理物流的過(guò)程就是物流控制活動(dòng)。51.Supplylogisticsistheprocedureinwhichordersaretakenfromcustomersandpurchasesaredeliveredtothewarehousebelongedofthecustomers.供應(yīng)物流是一種程序，在其中，訂單從客戶獲取，購(gòu)買的物品則被配送到客戶所屬的倉(cāng)庫(kù)。52.Distributionprocessingisdifferentfromamanufacturingprocess.流通加工不同于制造過(guò)程。53.Distributionlogisticsisthedeliveryofprocessinwhichfinalproductsaredeliveredfromsellerstobuyers.配送物流是最終產(chǎn)品從賣方交付給買家的運(yùn)送過(guò)程。二、儲(chǔ)存功能：1.Storageisaprocessinwhichgoodsarestored,protectedandmanaged.存儲(chǔ)是貨物的儲(chǔ)存，保護(hù)和管理過(guò)程。2.Everymanufacturerandwholesalerneedinventory.每個(gè)制造商和批發(fā)商都需要存貨。3.FixedQuantitySystem(FQS)ismoreaccurateandconvenientthanFixedIntervalSystem(FIS).定量訂貨方式比定期訂貨方式更準(zhǔn)確、更方便。4."Twenty-Eighty"analysismethodisthesameasABCclassification.20--80”分析法與ABC分類法相同。

5.

Zero

Inventory

is

guaranteed

by

the

full

market

supply

and

Just-In-Time

(JIT).

充分的市場(chǎng)供應(yīng)和JIT管理可以保證零庫(kù)存。

6.

Procurement

is

the

process

in

which

materials

for

production

are

ordered

from

customers.

采購(gòu)是客戶訂購(gòu)生產(chǎn)資料的過(guò)程。

7.

Supply

chain

links

all

suppliers

and

customers

along

a

system

in

which

products

and

services

are

delivered.

供應(yīng)鏈通過(guò)產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)交付系統(tǒng)，連接供應(yīng)商客戶。

8.

Cycle

stock

is

the

maximum

inventory

based

on

the

maximum

needs.

周轉(zhuǎn)庫(kù)存是基于最大需求的最大庫(kù)存。

9.

Safe

stock

refers

to

minimum

inventory

level

given

the

forecasted

market

demand.

安全庫(kù)存是指基于預(yù)測(cè)市場(chǎng)需求的最低庫(kù)存水平。

10.

The

average

time

when

the

goods

is

moved

in

and

out

of

warehouse

is

inventory

cycle

time.

物品移入和移出倉(cāng)庫(kù)的平均時(shí)間是庫(kù)存周轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)間。

11.

Inventory

control

is

the

method

to

keep

the

best

inventory

level

and

position

with

the

minimum

cost

to

satisfy

the

demand.

庫(kù)存控制是保持最佳庫(kù)存水平和位置的方法，以最低成本滿足需求。

12.

When

the

inventory

is

reduced

to

a

specific

level,

purchase

for

new

parts

and

material

will

start.

It

is

called

the

Order

Point

System.

當(dāng)庫(kù)存減少到一個(gè)特定水平，新零部件和原材料采購(gòu)將啟動(dòng)。這就是所謂的訂貨點(diǎn)制度。

13.

Zero

stock

is

means

zero

inventory.

零庫(kù)存是指零存貨。

14.

Inspection

is

the

operation

to

check

the

quantity,

quality

and

package

of

the

goods

according

to

the

contract

and

specific

standards.

檢驗(yàn)是按合同和具體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，檢查貨物的數(shù)量、質(zhì)量和包裝。

15.

Goods

that

are

stored

in

warehouses

for

distribution

and

sales

are

called

inventory.

存放在倉(cāng)庫(kù)待配送和銷售的貨物被稱為庫(kù)存。

16.

Warehouse

rental

represent

a

very

significant

proportion

of

total

warehouse

cost.

倉(cāng)庫(kù)租金占總倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)成本的一個(gè)非常重要的比例。17.

The

size

of

warehouses

are

determined

by

the

needs

of

the

customer

groups,

such

as

their

inventory

level

planning.

倉(cāng)庫(kù)大小取決于客戶群體的需要，如他們的庫(kù)存水平規(guī)劃。

18.

Commodity

inspection

is

the

process

in

which

exported

and

imported

goods

are

examined

for

their

quantity,

quality,

package,

place

of

production,

safety

and

hygiene

conditions.商檢是檢查進(jìn)出口商品的數(shù)量、質(zhì)量、包裝、生產(chǎn)、安全和衛(wèi)生條件的過(guò)程。

19.

Electronic

Order

System

(EOS)

is

responsible

for

taking

customer

orders

and

the

information

sharing

between

companies

connected

to

the

transactions.

電子訂貨系統(tǒng)（EOS）負(fù)責(zé)獲取客戶訂單、負(fù)責(zé)交易有關(guān)的公司之間的信息交流。

20.

The

purpose

of

Just-In-Time

(JIT)

is

to

meet

demand

instantly,

with

perfect

quality

and

punctuality.

JIT的目的是及時(shí)滿足需求，并質(zhì)量完善和守時(shí)。

21.

Goods

handling

may

account

for

only

50%

of

the

direct

labor

cost

in

warehouse

and

70%

in

distribution

center.

在倉(cāng)庫(kù)，搬運(yùn)貨物只占50％的直接勞動(dòng)力成本，在配送中心，則占70％。

22.

Zero

stock

is

the

best

way

for

inventory

control.

零庫(kù)存是庫(kù)存控制的最佳途徑。

-3三、運(yùn)輸功能：

1.

Liner

transport

has

three

specific

components:

fixed

ports,

fixed

routes

and

announcing

shipping

time

in

advance.

班輪運(yùn)輸有三個(gè)具體內(nèi)容：固定港口，固定航線，并提前宣布發(fā)船時(shí)間。

2.

Shipping

by

chartering

is

used

for

transporting

low

value

goods.

租船航運(yùn)用于輸送低價(jià)值貨物。

3.

The

broker

company

in

ocean

transportation

is

called

shipping

agency.

在海洋運(yùn)輸中，經(jīng)紀(jì)公司被稱為船務(wù)代理。

4.

Air

freight

costs

5

times

more

than

transportation

by

trucks

and

20

times

more

than

by

rail.

But

it

is

more

reliable,

punctual

and

predictable

under

normal

operating

condition.

空運(yùn)費(fèi)用是卡車運(yùn)輸?shù)?倍以上，是鐵路的20倍，但在正常作業(yè)條件下，更可靠、準(zhǔn)時(shí)和可預(yù)測(cè)。

5.

Bulk

container

is

used

to

load

bulk

cargo.散貨集裝箱用于裝載散裝貨物。

6.

Cargo

is

freight

carried

by

a

ship,

an

aircraft,

or

another

vehicle,

upon

the

agreement

for

the

delivery

of

goods.

貨物是根據(jù)配送協(xié)議采用船只、飛機(jī)或其他工具運(yùn)送的貨品。

7.

Tanker

container

is

mainly

used

to

transport

oil

and

gas.

油輪集裝箱主要用于運(yùn)輸石油和天然氣。

8.

Deadhead

means

a

vehicle,

such

as

an

aircraft

and

truck

that

transports

no

passengers

or

freight

during

a

single

trip.

空回頭車指如飛機(jī)和卡車的交通工具在單程中沒(méi)有運(yùn)輸乘客或貨物。

9.

Back

haul

is

the

distance

traveled

from

the

delivery

destination

point

back

to

the

departure

point.

回程是從交貨目的地回到出發(fā)點(diǎn)的距離。

10.

Bill

of

Lading

is

a

document

title.

提單是一個(gè)物權(quán)憑證。

11.

Ocean

Bill

of

Lading

is

a

receipt

for

goods

Ioaded

in

the

ship.

海運(yùn)提單是船上裝載貨物的收據(jù)。

12.

Shipper

and

carrier

are

two

parties

in

a

shipping

contract.

托運(yùn)人和承運(yùn)人是運(yùn)輸合同中的兩方。

13.

Usually,

the

buyer

in

the

trading

contract

is

consignee.

通常，交易合約中的買方是收貨人。

14.

Liner

sails

in

the

fixed

route

between

fixed

ports

and

sends

sailing

information

in

advance.

班輪在固定港口之間按固定航線航行，并提前發(fā)送信息。

15.

Brokers

are

agents

who

coordinate

shippers

and

carriers

by

providing

timely

information

about

rates,

routes

and

service

capabilities.

經(jīng)紀(jì)是代理，通過(guò)提供有關(guān)費(fèi)率、路線和服務(wù)能力的及時(shí)信息，撮合托運(yùn)人和承運(yùn)人。

16.

TEU

and

FEU

both

are

containers

which

are

used

in

ocean

transportation

frequently.

TEU和FEU都是在海洋運(yùn)輸是經(jīng)常使用的容器。

17.

Bill

of

Lading

is

the

evidence

of

the

contract

of

carriage

between

carrier

and

shipper.

提單是承運(yùn)人和托運(yùn)人之間運(yùn)輸合同的證據(jù)。

18.

Seaway

Bill

is

different

from

Ocean

B/L.

The

Iatter

is

negotiable

but

the

former

is

not.

Seaway

Bill與Ocean

B/L不同，后者是可以轉(zhuǎn)讓的，前者不可。19.

Transport

agencies

include

air

and

surface

freight

forwarders,

shippers’

associations

and

transport

brokers.

運(yùn)輸代理，包括空中和地面貨運(yùn)代理，船運(yùn)協(xié)會(huì)和運(yùn)輸經(jīng)紀(jì)人。

20.

Freight

forwarders

purchase

long

distance

service

from

water,

rail,

air

even

and

truck

carriers.

貨運(yùn)代理購(gòu)買水路、鐵路、航空甚至和卡車的長(zhǎng)途服務(wù)。

21.

International

Railway

Bill

can

be

used

in

land

bridge

transport.

國(guó)際鐵路法案可以用在陸橋運(yùn)輸。

22.

Transportation

using

multiple

transportation

means

is

also

called

combined

transport.

使用多種運(yùn)輸方式的運(yùn)輸也被稱為聯(lián)運(yùn)。

23.

NVOCC

is

also

a

carrier

because

it

can

open

B/L.

無(wú)船承運(yùn)人，也是一個(gè)承運(yùn)人，因?yàn)樗梢蚤_(kāi)立B/L。

24.

Transportation

creates

location

value

in

logistics.

運(yùn)輸創(chuàng)造物流的位置（空間）價(jià)值。

25.

Transport

does

not

need

to

change

packages

of

goods

or

stop

in

any

place

between

the

departure

point

and

destination

location.

運(yùn)輸并不需要改變貨物包裝或停止在出發(fā)點(diǎn)和目的地之間的任何地方。

26.

Door-to-door

delivery

refers

to

carrier

picking

up

the

goods

from

the

shipper’s

warehouse

and

delivers

it

to

consignee’s

warehouse.

送貨上門(mén)，是指承運(yùn)人從托運(yùn)人的倉(cāng)庫(kù)獲取貨物并把它送到收貨人的倉(cāng)庫(kù)。

27.

Containerization

can

speed

up

the

logistics

process,

such

as

handling,

loading

and

unloading,

storing

and

transport.

集裝箱化可以加快物流過(guò)程，如搬運(yùn)，裝卸，貯存和運(yùn)輸。

28.

Domestic

intercity

truck

is

the

motor

carrier

service

between

the

different

cities

domestically.

國(guó)內(nèi)城際卡車提供在國(guó)內(nèi)不同城市的汽車運(yùn)輸服務(wù)。

29.

A

fleet

is

group

of

vehicles

or

ships

owned

or

operated

as

a

unit.

船隊(duì)是作為一個(gè)單位被擁有或操作的一組車輛或船。

30.

Transportation

is

usually

the

biggest

logistic

costs

for

most

companies.

運(yùn)輸通常是大多數(shù)企業(yè)最大的物流成本。

31.

Truck

enjoys

the

great

advantages

in

the

transit

time

and

frequency

compared

to

other

transportation

means.

與其他運(yùn)輸相比，卡車在中轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)間和頻率方面有很大優(yōu)勢(shì)。

32.

The

railroad

represents

the

biggest

usage

in

the

land

transport

in

China.

在中國(guó)，鐵路是陸路運(yùn)輸?shù)淖畲笫褂眯问健?/p>

33.

There

are

three

kinds

of

freight

in

transport:

full-car

load,

Less-than-truck

load

and

Container.

有三種貨物運(yùn)輸形式：整車運(yùn)輸，零擔(dān)運(yùn)輸和集裝箱。

34.

Water

transport

can

carry

the

greatest

amount

of

goods

for

the

longest

distance

with

the

lowest

cost.

水路運(yùn)輸可以最低的成本運(yùn)送最大量的商品至最遠(yuǎn)距離。

35.

Air

transport

has

the

distinct

advantage

in

the

terms

of

fast

delivery

and

enjoy

the

lowest

ratio

of

loss

and

damage.

在快速配送、最低的損失和破壞比例方面，航空運(yùn)輸具有明顯優(yōu)勢(shì)。

36.

The

most

economic

feasible

products

transported

by

pipeline

are

crude

oil,

natural

gas

and

refined

petroleum

one.

通過(guò)管道運(yùn)輸?shù)淖罱?jīng)濟(jì)可行的產(chǎn)品原油、天然氣成品油。

37.

International

transport

is

dominated

by

water

carriers.

It

is

used

to

transport

more

than

70%

of

the

total

trading

volume

in

value

and

95%

by

weight.

國(guó)際運(yùn)輸以水運(yùn)為主體，它運(yùn)送總交易價(jià)值的70％和總重量的95％。

38.

International

transportation

by

trucks

is

limited

between

the

joint

border

countries

like

US

and

Mexico

or

closely

located

WTO

members

like

mainland

China,

Hong

Kong

and

Macao.

采用卡車進(jìn)行國(guó)際運(yùn)輸限于聯(lián)合邊境國(guó)家之間，如美國(guó)和墨西哥；或者位置緊密的WTO成員之間，如中國(guó)大陸、香港和澳門(mén)。

39.

Grouping

small

shipment

into

large

ones

is

the

primary

method

to

lower

cost

per

unit

of

weight

in

transportation.

將小型運(yùn)輸組合成大型運(yùn)輸，是降低單位運(yùn)輸重量成本的主要方法。

40.

Transportation

decision

is

referred

to

the

transportation

models

and

carriers

selected

for

delivery，vehicle

routing,

scheduling,

and

freight

grouping.

運(yùn)輸決策是指為配送、路線、調(diào)度和貨運(yùn)分組選擇的運(yùn)輸模式和承運(yùn)人。

41.

Container

logistics

management

is

becoming

a

core

strategy

for

large

shipping

company

for

its

fast

loading

and

unloading

process,

safe

transportation

and

goods

storage.

集裝箱物流管理正在成為大型航運(yùn)企業(yè)的快速裝卸過(guò)程、貨物安全運(yùn)輸和儲(chǔ)存的核心戰(zhàn)略。42.

The

primary

factor

to

influence

transport

cost

is

distance

and

competition.

影響運(yùn)輸成本的主要因素是距離和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

43.

Containerization

ensures

quick

transit

between

ships

and

other

transport

vehicles

such

as

trucks

and

freight

rail

cars.

集裝箱化保證了貨物在船舶和其他運(yùn)輸車輛如卡車和火車之間的快速中轉(zhuǎn)。

四、物流信息管理：

1.

Automated

warehouse

must

be

managed

by

information

system.

自動(dòng)化立體倉(cāng)庫(kù)必須由信息系統(tǒng)管理。

2.

The

application

of

bar

code

is

of

primary

importance

in

the

Bar

Code

System.

條碼的應(yīng)用在條碼系統(tǒng)是至關(guān)重要的。

3.

Bar

code

scanner

is

called

bar

code

reader.

條形碼掃描儀被稱為條碼閱讀器。

4.

Firewall

in

the

computer

system

is

not

a

physical

wall,

but

is

a

computer

language

to

protect

the

network

from

invasion

and

damage.

電腦系統(tǒng)的防火墻不是一個(gè)實(shí)體的墻，而是一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)語(yǔ)言，可防止網(wǎng)絡(luò)入侵和破壞。

5.

Virtual

logistics

is

the

management

by

computer

technology

and

Internet.

虛擬物流是利用計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理。

6.

Data

Warehousing

is

virtual

data

system

in

computer

technology．

數(shù)據(jù)倉(cāng)庫(kù)是計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)中的虛擬數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)。

7.

Using

13

digits,

the

bar

code

store

the

information

of

goods.

條碼使用13位數(shù)字存儲(chǔ)商品信息。

8.

Global

Positioning

System

directs

the

mobile

equipments,

like

trucks,

ships

and

aircrafts

by

satellite

tracking.

全球定位系統(tǒng)通過(guò)衛(wèi)星跟蹤，指示移動(dòng)設(shè)備如卡車、船舶和飛機(jī)。

9.

The

main

application

of

E-selling

is

in

B2B

and

B2C.

電子商務(wù)的主要應(yīng)用是B2B

和

B2C.

10.

B2E

refers

to

Business

to

Employee

and

Business

to

Executives.

B2E是指企業(yè)對(duì)員工和企業(yè)對(duì)管理人員。

11.

In

the

logistics

information

system,

EDI

plays

the

most

important

role.在物流信息系統(tǒng)，電子數(shù)據(jù)交換起著至關(guān)重要的作用。

12.

The

logistics

network

is

virtual

network.

物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)是虛擬的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

13.

Virtual

logistics

is

based

on

logistics

network,

but

more

computerized

and

systematized

than

logistics

operation.

虛擬物流基于物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)，但比物流運(yùn)作更計(jì)算機(jī)化、系統(tǒng)化。

14.

MRP

(Material

Requirement

Planning)

is

the

management

system

to

control

the

amount

of

material

consumed

and

to

reduce

inventory

in

the

manufacturing

company.

MRP（材料需求計(jì)劃）是管理系統(tǒng)，用以控制消耗材料的數(shù)量和減少制造公司的庫(kù)存。

15.

ERP

(Enterprise

Resource

Planning)

is

the

management

system

to

distribute

all

resources

economically,

while

satisfying

the

demand

of

the

market.

ERP（企業(yè)資源計(jì)劃）是管理系統(tǒng)，用以經(jīng)濟(jì)地分配所有資源，同時(shí)滿足市場(chǎng)需求。

16.

MRPll

(Manufacturing

Resouree

Planning)

is

the

system

to

control

all

elements,

including

inventory

and

procurement,

cost

and

working

capital,

sales

order

and

personnel

level.

MRPll是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)，用來(lái)控制所有元素，包括庫(kù)存和采購(gòu)，成本和周轉(zhuǎn)資金，銷售秩序和人員的水平。

五、配送：

1.

Delivery

refers

to

sending

goods

to

the

destination

specified

by

buyers

and

collection

of

the

transportation

costs.

發(fā)送貨物交付，是指將貨物運(yùn)送至買方指定目的地并征收運(yùn)輸成本。

2.

Joint

Distribution

refers

to

delivering

goods

for

different

shippers

using

the

same

vehicle

by

the

most

economic

route.

聯(lián)合配送是指使用最經(jīng)濟(jì)的路線，同車交付不同托運(yùn)人的貨物。

3.

Distribution

is

one

of

functions

in

logistics,

which

deliver

goods

to

customers

directly

according

to

the

order

in

the

most

economic

way.

配送是物流的職能之一，根據(jù)訂單以最經(jīng)濟(jì)的方式將貨物交付客戶。

4.

Distribution

includes

logistics

activities

related

to

the

sales

and

delivery

of

goods.

配送包括與銷售和交付貨物有關(guān)的物流活動(dòng)。

5.

Distribution

center

is

a

short-term

storage

center

located

close

to

a

major

market

to

facilitate

the

rapid

processing

of

orders

and

shipment

of

goods

to

customers.

配送中心是一個(gè)短期的倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)中心，位于靠近主要市場(chǎng)的位置，以便于向客戶提供訂單快速處理和貨物裝運(yùn)。

6.

The

national

distribution

center

is

linked

to

the

metropolitan’s

outer

expressway,

providing

easy

access

to

and

from

key

ports,

roads

and

other

distribution

channels

for

importers.

全國(guó)配送中心與大都市的外圍高速公路連接在一起，為進(jìn)口商提供主要港口、道路及其他分銷渠道的方便進(jìn)出通道。

7.

The

regional

distribution

center

provides

customized

solution

for

supply

chain

management,

warehousing

and

sea,

air

freight

transport

in

the

international

logistics

market.

區(qū)域配送中心，提供個(gè)性化的供應(yīng)鏈管理、倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)和國(guó)際物流市場(chǎng)的船運(yùn)空運(yùn)的解決方案。

8.

The

distribution

centers

focus

on

maximizing

the

profit

impact

of

fulfilling

customer

delivery

requirement

and

distribution

processing.

配送中心的重點(diǎn)在通過(guò)滿足客戶的交付需求和配送加工，使利益最大化。六、包裝功能：

1.

Packaging

performs

two

basic

functions,

marketing

and

delivery

in

logistics.

包裝執(zhí)行兩個(gè)基本功能，市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷和物流配送。

2.

The

purpose

of

sales

package

is

for

sales

and

convenient

use.

銷售包裝的目的是為銷售和使用帶來(lái)方便。

3.

In

logistic

and

transportation

process,

it

is

very

important

to

package

the

goods

appropriately

for

protection

and

safety

purposes.

在物流和運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中，對(duì)貨物進(jìn)行適當(dāng)包裝以達(dá)到保護(hù)和安全目的非常重要。

4.

Vacuum

packaging

is

used

to

protect

goods

from

deterioration

or

contamination,

like

food

and

medicine.

真空包裝是用來(lái)保護(hù)如食品和藥品之類的貨物免于變質(zhì)或污染。

5.

Palletizing

refers

to

the

process

of

loading

goods

in

pallet.

碼垛是指在托盤(pán)裝載貨物的過(guò)程。

6.

Palletizing

is

to

load

goods

onto

a

pallet

and

wrap

to

form

a

handling

and

loading

unit.

碼垛是將貨物加載到一個(gè)托盤(pán)上并包裝，以形成一個(gè)處理和運(yùn)載單位。

7.

The

No.

1

function

of

packaging

is

to

protect

goods.

包裝的第一位的功能是保護(hù)貨物。

8.

In

marketing,

the

package

also

aims

for

promoting

and

advertising

the

attractiveness

of

goods

to

be

sold.

在市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷中，包裝的目的還在于提高和廣告待售商品的吸引力。-16七、物流設(shè)施、物流工具、物流操作：

1.

The

area

for

unloading

goods

in

warehouse

is

receiving

space.

倉(cāng)庫(kù)中卸載貨物的區(qū)域是收貨區(qū)。

2.

Forklift

truck

is

very

convenient

equipment

for

loading

and

unloading

goods.

叉車是非常方便的裝卸貨物的設(shè)備。

3.

Container

is

a

large

packaging

box.

集裝箱是一個(gè)大包裝箱4.

A

twenty-foot

Unit

is

called

a

standard

container.

一個(gè)二十英尺單位稱為一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)集裝箱。

5.

Yard

is

a

warehouse

without

roof

and

wall

for

containers

storage.

堆場(chǎng)是一個(gè)沒(méi)有屋頂和墻壁的集裝箱存儲(chǔ)倉(cāng)庫(kù)。

6.

Stereoscopic

warehouse

has

three

parts:

warehouse,

high

store

shelf

and

stacker.

立體倉(cāng)庫(kù)有三個(gè)部分：倉(cāng)庫(kù)，高貨架和堆垛機(jī)。

7.

Automatic

Guided

Vehicle

(AGV)

can

move

goods

to

a

specific

location

without

the

help

of

rail.

自動(dòng)導(dǎo)引車（AGV）可以無(wú)需鐵軌幫助移動(dòng)貨物到特定位置。

8.

Conveyor

can

move

the

solid

goods

fluidly.

輸送帶可以流暢地移動(dòng)固體貨物。

9.

Full

container

ship

is

only

used

for

goods

to

be

transported

in

container.

全集裝箱船僅用于用集裝箱運(yùn)輸?shù)呢浳铩?/p>

10.

Customs

broker

is

a

company

representing

the

customers

to

declare

and

store

the

goods.

海關(guān)經(jīng)紀(jì)公司是一家代表客戶申報(bào)和儲(chǔ)存貨物的公司。

11.

Cargo

inspection

is

not

only

to

examine

the

goods

quantity,

but

also

quality.

貨物檢驗(yàn)不僅檢驗(yàn)貨物的數(shù)量，也檢驗(yàn)質(zhì)量。

12.

Deconsolidation

center

is

a

logistics

center

where

most

inbound

goods

are

in

truck

loads

and

most

outbound

goods

are

in

small

pieces.

分貨中心是一個(gè)物流中心，其中，大部分入境貨物以整卡車裝載，大部分出境貨物一小塊一小塊的。

13.

Deliver

cycle

is

the

time

between

acceptance

of

the

order

and

delivery

of

the

goods.

交付周期是接受訂單和交貨之間的時(shí)間。

14.

Factory

price

does

not

contain

the

cost

of

freight

or

distribution.

工廠價(jià)格不包含運(yùn)費(fèi)或配送成本。

15.

Less-than

Container

is

the

mode

which

can

be

used

to

ship

goods

for

more

than

one

shippers

and

consignees.

零擔(dān)集裝箱是可用于不止一個(gè)托運(yùn)人和收貨人運(yùn)送貨物模式。

16.

The

station

to

transfer

goods

from

one

carrier

to

another

is

gateway.

將貨物從一個(gè)承運(yùn)者轉(zhuǎn)移至另一個(gè)承運(yùn)者的站點(diǎn)稱為門(mén)戶。

17.

Boned

warehouse

is

the

place

to

store

the

goods

imported

or

in

transit,

without

paying

duty

under

custom’s

supervision.

保稅倉(cāng)庫(kù)是在海關(guān)監(jiān)管下，無(wú)需付費(fèi)存儲(chǔ)進(jìn)口或過(guò)境貨物的地方。

18.

Conveyors

are

used

widely

in

the

operations

of

warehouse

and

distribution

center

and

form

the

basic

handling

device

for

a

number

of

selection

systems.

輸送機(jī)廣泛用于倉(cāng)庫(kù)和配送中心的運(yùn)作，并是形成大量選擇系統(tǒng)的基本處理設(shè)備。

19.

Dispatch

area

is

the

place

where

goods

are

stored

and

ready

to

be

delivered.

調(diào)度區(qū)是貨物存放并隨時(shí)可以交付的地方。

20.

Rack

is

the

same

as

goods

shelves

which

are

used

to

place

stored

goods

in

high

density

area.

Rack貨架與goods

shelves貨架一樣，用于在高密度區(qū)域放置存貨。

2l.

Standardized

containers

are

storage

and

transportation

equipments

that

may

load

the

cargo

of

16

to

26

tons

or

in

30

to

60

cubic

meters.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化集裝箱是儲(chǔ)存和運(yùn)輸設(shè)備，可裝載16至26噸或者30至60立方米的貨物。

八、逆向物流（Reverse

Logistics

)

1.

Recycle

logistics

is

the

part

of

reverse

logistics.

回收物流是逆向物流的一部分。

2.

Reverse

logistics

is

the

process

to

handle

returned

goods,

recycle

useful

materials

and

dispose

waste

goods.

逆向物流是處理退貨、回收有用材料和處置廢物的流程。

3.

When

the

non-qualified

goods

are

returned

or

from

buyer

to

seller,

we

call

it

reverse

logistics.

當(dāng)不合格品被退回或由買方給賣方，我們稱之為逆向物流。

4.

Green

logistics

is

very

important

to

the

environmental

protection.

綠色物流對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)非常重要。

5.

Scrap

disposal

is

the

part

of

reverse

logistics.

廢料處理是逆向物流的一部分。

6.

Recycle

logistics

is

the

process

to

sort,

treat

and

collect

the

valuable

parts

from

used

products.

回收物流是從使用過(guò)的產(chǎn)品中搜尋、處理和收集有用零件的過(guò)程。

7.

Reverse

logistics

makes

goods

flow

from

customers

to

suppliers.

逆向物流使貨物從客戶向供應(yīng)商流動(dòng)。

8.

Averagely,

retailers

and

manufacturers

predict

approximately

5％-10%

of

their

merchandise

will

be

returned.平均而言，零售商和制造商預(yù)測(cè)約5％-10％的商品將被退回。

-3九、其他

1.

Saving

or

reducing

expenditure

in

business

operations

is

called

cost

control.

儲(chǔ)蓄或減少經(jīng)營(yíng)開(kāi)支是所謂的成本控制。

2.

If

the

goods

is

damaged

or

lost

in

the

process

of

logistics,

the

shipper

may

claim

to

carrier.

如果貨物損壞或在物流過(guò)程中丟失，托運(yùn)人可以向承運(yùn)人索賠。

3.

Tally

is

to

count

and

inspect

goods

in

logistics.

理貨即在物流中計(jì)數(shù)和檢驗(yàn)貨物。

4.

Handling

or

carrying

is

the

operation

to

move

the

goods

horizontally.

搬運(yùn)是指水平移動(dòng)貨物的操作。

5.

Loading

and

unloading

may

be

the

most

frequent

activities

in

logistics,

but

its

related

costs

are

hard

to

estimate.

裝卸是物流中最頻繁的活動(dòng)，但其相關(guān)成本很難估計(jì)。

6.

Loading

and

unloading

is

the

operation

moving

the

goods

by

labor

or

equipment

to

the

transported

vehicles,

storage

places

or

other

locations

in

the

logistic

process.

裝卸作業(yè)是由工人或設(shè)備將貨物移動(dòng)到運(yùn)輸車輛、貯存場(chǎng)所或物流過(guò)程中的其他地點(diǎn)。

7.

CIF

and

FOB

are

two

major

terms

in

the

international

trade.

CIF和FOB是國(guó)際貿(mào)易中的兩個(gè)重要條款。

12.

Performance

monitoring

system

is

essential

to

the

warehouse

management.

績(jī)效監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)對(duì)倉(cāng)庫(kù)管理是必不可少的。

13.

The

advantage

of

crane

on

a

forklift

truck

is

to

lift

and

move

heavy

materials,

but

is

can

be

rather

in