2022高三英語一模-閔行區(qū)解析

2022閔行區(qū)高三一模英語試卷（考試時(shí)間120分鐘，滿分140分。請將答案填寫在答題紙上）ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Inarestaurant. B.Inahotel. C.Inapub. D.Inacoffeeshop.A.Hesuggestseatingout. B.Hedoesn’tlikethetalkshow.C.Heenjoysmakingdinner. D.Hepreferstohaveready-madefood.A.Writinganapplicationletter. B.Searchingforinformation.C.Havinganonlineinterview. D.Learninghigh-techknowledge.A.Checkingthebusinesshours. B.Makingacomplaint.C.Requiringfeesforarepair. D.Changinganitem.A.Itscolor. B.Itsmaterial. C.Itsstyle. D.Itsbrand.A.Noiseinawaitingroom. B.Facilitiesinahotel.C.Servicesinarestaurant. D.Environmentinacinema.A.TheTVisn’tworthrepairing. B.Johnshouldgiveprioritytohisstudy.C.ShecangettheTVtoworkagain. D.SomeoneshouldhelpJohn.A.Hepreferstodosomethingelse. B.Heisthelastpersontoofferhelp.C.Heisquitelateforthedinnerparty. D.Hewilldoanythingtohelp.A.Theman’sspeechwaspersuasive. B.ThewomanmisunderstoodPhilip’stopic.C.Thewomanwaspuzzledbythespeech. D.Themanfailedtowinthespeechcontest.A.Sheiskeenonabstractpaintings. B.Sheisn’tabletoappreciatethepaintings.C.Shedoesn’tlikearthistoryclass. D.Shehasabettertasteofartthantheman.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.PeterEvans.B.JimCarson.C.GioSantos.D.KirenNadar.12.A.Frightened.B.Excited.C.Desperate.D.Quiet.13.A.Hewonthegrandprizeoftheyear. B.Hetakespicturesofendangeredanimals.C.Heshotsimagesofcommoncreatures. D.Helovestoobserveanimalbehaviors.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Convenience. B.Flexibility. C.Lightweight. D.Security.A.Apictureofthethief.B.Atextmessage.C.Thetrackofthethief.D.Avoicemessage.A.Distancealarm.B.GPStracking.C.Digitalpayment. D.Powersupply.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Hefoundthebestbudgethotelever. B.Heendedupatanunexpecteddestination.C.Helosthiswaytothebookedhotel. D.Ittookhimlongtofindthebookedhotel.18.A.Backgroundinformationisn’tnecessary.Informationshouldbemorevividlywritten.Travelersdon’treadtheinformationcarefully.Informationshouldberevisedmoreoften.19.A.Becauseitallowshimtosavetimeandexpense.Becausehecangetfreeadvicefromthelocalpeople.Becauseithelpshimdiscoversomeunusualthingstodo.Becausehecanmeetmoretravelersandshareexperiences.20.A.Thelimitationofguidebooks. B.Theimportanceofguidebookusage.C.Howtochoosearightguidebook. D.Therealvalueoftraveling.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.TheUKgovernmentrecentlyhasmadeaplantoreducewastethatshiftstheresponsibilityfordisposal(處置)fromthestatetothecompaniesthatmakeit.Thelegislation(法律條文)requireswasteproducerstopayintothesystem(21) orthroughtheirsuppliers.Thatis(22) thegovernmentcalledaPolluterPaysPrinciple.Simply(23) (state),thePolluterPaysPrincipleimpliesthatthecostsassociatedwithpollutionaretobepaidbypolluters,notbygovernmentorsociety.Businesseswillhavetochangetheirwasteprocessingbeforethetaxcomesintoeffect.Thisissimilartotheanti-wastelegislationpassedinFranceinFebruary2020(24) forbidstheproducerstodestructtheunsoldclothing,cosmetics,andelectricalproducts.Companieswillhavetoreuseorrecycletheitems.ThedemandforlegislationlikethetoughattitudetheUK(25) (take)hasbeenincreasingaccordingtoPositiveNews.Anditisnotjustenvironmentalgroupscallingforthechanges.Thisisaconsumerdrivenmovementandpeoplearewillingtopaymoreforsustainablebrands.Inthepastyearalone,salesofconsumergoodsfrombrandswithademonstratedcommitmenttosustainabilityhavegrownmorethan4%globally,(26) thosewithoutgrewlessthan1%.Whatisabsolutelycertainisthatlocalgovernmentswillsavealotofmoneyastheresponsibilityshiftstothepolluters.Thatcouldbe(27) (good)investedinthingslikesocialcareorparksorlibraries.Othercountrieshavealreadymadegreatprogressinreducingwaste.Sofar,Sweden’santi-wasteprogramissoefficientthatthewholecountryisrunningoutoftrash.The(28) (recycle)rateisalmost99percentandtheyarerapidlyapproachingzerowaste.Inmanycountries,kitchenandgardeningwastemakesupofthebiggestpartofwaste.Thistypeofwaste,(29) collectedseparately,canbeturnedintoanenergysourceorfertilizer.(30) thedifferencesinpoliciesandregulations,onethingisclear:governmentsaresharingacommonconceptthatthepreventionofenvironmentaldamageshouldbebasedonconcreteprinciplesandsolidactions.21.考察反身代詞，從后文“orthroughtheirsuppliers”可以推斷出，空格處是另一種支付方式，即除了通過供應(yīng)商，還可以自己繳費(fèi)themselves。22.考察名詞性從句（表語從句），空格引導(dǎo)系動(dòng)詞“is”call缺少賓語，whatcall“aPolluterPaysSystem”是賓補(bǔ)而非賓語。23.考察非謂語過去分詞，邏輯主語為后面整句話，和state（陳述）為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填stated。simplystatedsimplyput，表示“簡單來說”，可以當(dāng)做固定短語記憶。24.考察定語從句“theanti-wastelegislation”that/which。25.考察謂語動(dòng)詞，take在定語從句“thetoughattitudetheUK 為主動(dòng)關(guān)系；本文以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為基調(diào)，所以可以推斷英國現(xiàn)在依然持這種態(tài)度，所以可以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)/現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)/現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故答案有takes/istaking/hastaken。26.考察并列連詞。本句省略了一部分內(nèi)容，所以理解起來略微有些困難，把句子還原完整，變?yōu)椋篒nthepastyearalonesalesofconsumergoodsfrombrandswithademonstratedcommitmenttosustainabilityhavegrownmorethan4%globally,(26) those(salesofconsumergoodsfrombrands)without(ademonstratedcommitmenttosustainabilitygrewlessthan1%可以明顯地看到兩者之間形成了對比while。27.考察比較級(jí)，根據(jù)上下文，政府省下來的錢可以更好地投資到公共建設(shè)中。（括號(hào)內(nèi)的詞應(yīng)該為well）。28.考察非謂語動(dòng)名詞，recyclingraterecycling。29.考察連詞+過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，可以理解為“ (itis)collectedseparately”，分詞作狀語時(shí)，分詞前可以直接加when/if/although等連詞，根據(jù)句意，可以填when/if。30.考察介詞?？崭窈笫且粋€(gè)名詞短語，所以應(yīng)該填入介詞。逗號(hào)前后的“differences”和“acommonconcept”形成了轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系regardlessof。詞語積累simplystated簡單來說beassociatedwith與……有聯(lián)系comeintoeffect生效commitmenttosustainability對可持續(xù)發(fā)展的承諾concreteprinciples具體的原則solidactions實(shí)際的行動(dòng)SectionBA.gradeB.commercializedC.demandD.unproductiveE.sampledF.protectedG.processH.contributorI.transportJ.cultivationK.consumptionDirections:FillinA.gradeB.commercializedC.demandD.unproductiveE.sampledF.protectedG.processH.contributorI.transportJ.cultivationK.consumptionEco-friendly,lab-growncoffeeisonthewayHeikoRischerisn’tquitesurehowtodescribethetasteoflab-growncoffee.Thissummerhe(31) oneofthefirstbatches(批intheworldproducedfromcellcultures(細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)ratherthancoffeebeans.“Todescribeitisdifficultbut,forme,itwasinbetweenacoffeeandablacktea,”saidRischer,headofplantResearchCentreofFinland,whichdevelopedthecoffee.“Itdependsreallyontheroasting ,andthiswasabitofalighterroast,soithadalittlebitmoreofatea-likefeeling.”Peoplehavetowaitbeforetheycantastethecoffee,asthiscellularagricultureinnovationisnotyetapprovedforpublic .RischerpredictsthatVTT’slab-growncoffeecouldgetapprovalfromthegovernmentsinEuropeandtheUSinaboutfouryears’time,pavingthewayfora(34) productthatcouldhaveamuchlowerclimateimpactthanconventionalcoffee.Thecoffeeindustryisbotha(35) totheclimatecrisisandveryvulnerable(脆弱的)toitseffects.Rising(36) forcoffeehasbeenlinkedtodeforestation(砍伐森林)indevelopingnations,damagingbiodiversityandreleasingarestrugglingwiththeimpactsofmoreextremeweather,fromfroststodroughts.It’sestimatedthathalfofthelandusedtogrowcoffeecouldbe(37) by2050duetotheclimatecrisis.Inresponsetotheindustry’schallenges,companiesandscientistsaretryingtodevelopandcommercializecoffeemadewithoutcoffeebeans.VTT’scoffeeisgrownbyfloatingcellculturesinbioreactors(生物反應(yīng)堆)filledwithanutrient.The(38) requiresnopesticidesandhasamuchlowerwaterfootprint,saidRischer,andbecausethecoffeecanbeproducedinlocalmarkets,itcuts(39) emissions.Thecompanyisworkingonalifecycleanalysisoftheprocess.“Oncewehavethosefigures,wewillbeabletoshowthattheenvironmentalimpactwillbemuchlowerthanwhatwehavewithtraditional(40) ,”Rischersaid.31.E31.E.sampled取樣，抽取樣品（過去時(shí)）thissummer從文中看來是個(gè)過去時(shí)間狀語，故而應(yīng)該填入動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)態(tài)，且本句意為：今年夏天他取樣的第一批不是在咖啡豆培養(yǎng)的咖啡，故E。32.Agrade等級(jí)根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)填名詞，根據(jù)句意：這取決于烘焙等級(jí)，這次的烘焙程度比較輕，所以有一點(diǎn)像茶的感覺故選grade。33.K.consumption食用消費(fèi)根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)選名詞，根據(jù)句意：由于這種細(xì)胞農(nóng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新尚未被批準(zhǔn)用于公眾consumption。34.B.commercialized adj.商業(yè)化的根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)填入形容詞修飾名詞，根據(jù)句意：這為一種比傳統(tǒng)咖啡對氣候影響小得多的商業(yè)化產(chǎn)品鋪平了道路commercialized。35.H.contributorn.促成因素，貢獻(xiàn)者根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)此空填名詞作，根據(jù)句意：咖啡行業(yè)既是氣候危機(jī)的促成因素也受其影響，contributor。36.C.demandn.需求量根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)此空應(yīng)該填入名詞，根據(jù)句意：根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)此空填名詞作主語，根據(jù)句意：不斷增長的對咖啡的需求與 相關(guān)，故而填入demand。37.D.unproductivea非生產(chǎn)性的根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)填形容詞，根據(jù)據(jù)估計(jì)，由于氣候危機(jī)，到2050年，種植咖啡的一半土地可能會(huì)變得不具生產(chǎn)性。unproductive。38.G.processn.步驟，程序，過程根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)填名詞，根據(jù)句意這個(gè)過程不需要?dú)⑾x劑，水process。39.I.transportn/v運(yùn)輸，運(yùn)送根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)填名詞或者形容詞，根據(jù)句意因?yàn)檫@種咖啡可以在當(dāng)?shù)厥袌錾a(chǎn)，它減少了運(yùn)輸transport40.J.cultivationn.培育根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)此空填名詞，根據(jù)意思：對環(huán)境的影響會(huì)比對傳統(tǒng)培育方式小。cultivation。詞語積累pavethewayfor為 做好準(zhǔn)備climatecrisis氣候危機(jī)bevulnerableto易受 的影響belinkto與 相關(guān)聯(lián)damagebiodiversity危害生物多樣性strugglewith與 斗爭ReadingComprehensionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.preparingforascarypresentation?Youmightwantto(41) doingthat.Mostpeopleprefertohavesufficienttimetoanalyzeasituationandconsiderthe(42) .Feelingstressedchangeshowpeople(43) riskandreward.AnewarticlepublishedinCurrentDirectionsinPsychologicalSciencereviewshow,understress,peoplepaymoreattentiontothe(44) ofapossibleoutcome.Pressurecanresultin(45) attentionandtheuseofunconsciousreasoning.Itcanforceadecision-makertosorttherelevantfactorsfromtheirrelevant,andcan(46) clearthinkingwithspecificpriorities.It’sabit47) thatstressmakespeoplefocusonthewaythingscouldgorightsaysMaraMatheroftheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.“Thisissortofnotwhatpeoplewouldthink,”Mathersays,“Stressisusuallyassociatedwithdisagreeableexperiences,soyou’dthinkthatmaybeI’mgoingtobemorefocusedonthe(48) outcomes.”Butresearchershavefoundthatwhenpeopleareunderstress—bybeingtoldtoholdtheirhandinicewaterforafewminutes,orgiveaspeechtheystartpayingmoreattentiontopositiveinformationand49) learningfromnegativefeedback,”Mathersays.Thismeanswhenpeopleunderstressaremakingpaymoreattentiontotheupsidesofthealternativesthey’reconsideringandlesstothedownsides.Sosomeonewho’sdecidingwhethertotakeanewjobandisfeelingstressedbythe50) mightweightheincreaseinsalarymoreheavilythantheworsecommute(通勤)。Theincreasedfocusonthepositivealsohelpsexplainwhystressplaysarolein(51) ,andpeopleunderstresshaveahardertimecontrollingtheirurges.“Thecompulsiontogettherewardcomesstrongerandthey’relessableto(52) it,”Mathersays.Soapersonwho’sunderstressmightthinkonlyaboutthegoodfeelingsthey’llgetfromnegativethingslikeadrug,whilethe(53) shrinktothedistance.Stressalso(54) thedifferencesinhowmenandwomenthinkaboutrisk.Whenmenareunderstress,theybecomeevenmore(55) totakerisks;whenwomenarestressed,theygetmoreconservative.Matherlinksthistoanotherresearchthatfinds,atdifficulttimes,mentendtofacethesituation,whilewomenarelikelytobemoreconservative.41.41.A.tryB.delayC.denyD.forbidA.requirementsB.reasonsC.chancesD.alternatives43.A.weighB.overlookC.confuseD.classifyA.imperfectionB.riskC.advantageD.uncertaintyA.conflictedB.focusedC.unexpectedD.separated46.A.breakoffB.holdupC.accountforD.bringout47.A.surprisingB.fortunateC.reasonableD.pleasant48.A.consciousB.immediateC.negativeD.favorableA.neglectingB.enhancingC.analyzingD.evaluatingA.positionB.decisionC.qualificationD.schedule51.A.judgementB.progressC.relationshipD.addiction52.A.valueB.adoptC.resistD.maintain53.A.downsidesB.desiresC.defeatsD.benefitsA.declinesB.increasesC.eliminatesD.worsens55.A.reliableB.reluctantC.qualifiedD.willing41.B.社會(huì)現(xiàn)象研究類說明文通常在第一段引入文章主旨：在你準(zhǔn)備一場可怕的演講時(shí)，你是否在做一個(gè)重大決定？你可能想推遲delay。42.D.根據(jù)上句邏輯，這一句表示“大多數(shù)人喜歡有足夠的時(shí)間來分析情況并考慮其他選擇alternatives。43..衡量wigh。44.C.關(guān)注可能結(jié)果的優(yōu)勢advantage。45.B.從下文可知“壓力可以導(dǎo)致集中注意力focused。46.D提出明確bringout。47.A.MaraMather說，壓力會(huì)讓人們關(guān)注事情的發(fā)展方令人吃驚surprising。48.C.根據(jù)后文邏輯和句意：壓力通常與不愉快的經(jīng)歷聯(lián)系在一起，所以你可能會(huì)認(rèn)為我可能消極negative。49.A.根據(jù)句意：但研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)人們處于壓力之下時(shí)——例如，通過被告知把手放在冰水中幾分鐘，或者發(fā)表演講——他們開始更多地關(guān)注積極信息，而忽略消極信息。所以選neglecting。50.B.從后文可知因此，一個(gè)正在決定是否接受新工作并且感到壓力的人可能會(huì)更看重薪水的decision。51.D.根據(jù)句意：人們越來越關(guān)注積極的一面，這也有助于解釋為什么壓力會(huì)導(dǎo)致上癮，而處addiction。52.C.根據(jù)句意：獲得獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的沖動(dòng)越來越強(qiáng)烈，他們抵抗resist。53.A.根據(jù)上文“因此，一個(gè)處于壓力之下的人可能只會(huì)想到他們會(huì)從諸如藥物之類的負(fù)面事物中獲得的良好感覺，而負(fù)面影響則會(huì)隨著距離而縮小downsides。54.B.根據(jù)上文“壓力還增加了increases。55.D.根據(jù)句意：當(dāng)男人處于壓力之下時(shí)，他們更愿意冒險(xiǎn)；當(dāng)女性感到壓力時(shí)，她們會(huì)變得willing。詞語積累paymoreattentionto更加注意beassociatedwith與…相關(guān)playarole起作用understress壓力之下SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)SashasavesthedayThoughIcan’trecallwhothegiftwasfrom,whatIdorememberaboutthegiftismyinitialreactiontoit.Whenourtoddler(學(xué)步的小孩)openedtheboxandpulledoutthesofttoy,mymindimmediatelywenttotheexistingmountainofstuffedanimalsinourhouseIknewthatthisorangeknitcatnamedSasha,accordingtothebox,wasstraightintothatpile.Wehadnoideawhatwewereupagainst.WhenthegiftboxcontainingSashaarrivedtwoyearsintoourtimeasparents,mostsurfacesinourhousewerecoveredinkidstuff.Wehaddiscoveredthatwecouldlivewithprettymuchanythingifitkeptthepeaceandkeptourkidsafe.AsIexpected,Sashawentintothemountainofstuffedanimals.Lesspredictably,however,theknitcatdidn’tstayinthepile.I’mnotsurewhy.Sashaissweetbutlooksunremarkable.Pictureamedium-sizedknitorangecatwithanangledsmileandapurplesweater.appealcamefromitsinvolvementinmealtimes.Weweredesperatefordistractions,particularlywhenoursonwasinthehighchair.Withoutentertainment,ourtoddlerwouldfighttheinjusticeofbeingrequiredtostaythedistractiongameswithsuccess.Weknewwewereontosomethingwhenoursonstartedaskingtogointohishighchairtoplaythe“Sashagame”.Intime,Sasha’spowersgrewbeyonddistraction.Ifwewerehavingahardtimetalkingoursonintodoingsomething,sometimestheknitcatcouldbringhimaround.Thiscomfortwasparticularlycriticalwhenitwasbedtime.Sleepwaschallengingforoursonforalongtimeand,asaresultforus.Wediscoveredthatourchildlikedtocuddle(依偎theknitcatatnightandwasabletosettledownmoreeasilyifSashawasthere.Thismadetheknitcatpricelessinourhousehold.Remarkably,oursonisnowateenagerand,ifallgoesasplanned,hewillleavehometoattenduniversitylaterthisyear.Sashanolongerhasaprominentroleinourday-to-daylives,butIknowthatIwillneverthrowSashaout.Wealllovethatknitcat.Comefall,whenIamanemptynester,ImightjustpullSashaoutagaintoprovidecomforttome.Whentheauthorfirstsawthegift,shethoughtthat .itwouldaddhappyhourstothefamily B.itwouldnotbeappreciatedC.itwasuniqueamongothertoys D.herkidwouldfinditfascinatingWhatdoweknowabouttheauthor’skid?Hewasrestlesswheneating. B.Hepreferredtobeleftalone.C.Helikedtocollectknittoys. D.Hetalkedalotwiththetoy.Thesentence“theknitcatcouldbringhimaround”probablymeansthat .theknitcatsometimesdroveawaythekid’sattentiontheknitcatwasalwaysplayingaroundtheboytheknitcatcouldpersuadetheboytodosomethingtheknitcathadhardtimetalkingwiththekidAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?Atfirstsight,theknitcatwasappealingtothefamily.Theknitcathelpedthekidtobehavebetterwheneating.Theboywasabletosleepwellwiththeknitcataroundhim.Theauthoralsoenjoysthecompanyoftheknitcate.(B)(Youmayreadthequestionsfirst.)Book1InFactfulness,ProfessorHansRoslingaskssimplequestionslike‘Howmanygirlsfinishschool?’and‘Whatpercentageoftheworld’spopulationispoor?’Itturnsoutthatthemajorityofusgettheanswerstothesequestionscompletelywrong.Whydoesthishappen?Factfulnesssetsouttoexplainwhy,showingthatthereareseveralinstinctshumanshavethatdistort(扭曲)ourperspective.Yes,therearerealconcerns.ButweshouldadoptamindsetoffactfulnessonlycarryingopinionsthataresupportedbystrongfactsThisbookfocusesonourinstinctivebiases(偏見offeringpracticaladvicetohelpusseethegoodaswellasthebadintheworld.Book2Arethingsgettingworseeveryday?Isprogressanimpossiblegoal?InEnlightenmentNow,StevenPinkerlooksatthebigpictureofhumanprogressandfindsgoodnews.Wearelivinglonger,healthier,freerandhappierlives.Pinkerasksustostoppayingsomuchattentiontonegativeheadlinesandnewsthatdeclarestheendoftheworld.Instead,heshowsussomecarefullyselecteddata.In75surprisinggraphs,weseethatsafety,peace,knowledgeandhealtharegettingbetterallovertheworld.Economicinequality,heclaims,isnotreallyaproblem,becauseitisnotactuallythatimportantforhumanwell-being.Book3Formorethantwohundredyearsthosewhoholdnegativethoughtshavebeenwinningthepublicdebate.Theytellusthatthingsaregettingworse.Butasamatteroffact,lifeisgettingbetter.Income,foodavailabilityandlifespanarerising;disease,violenceandchildmortalityarefalling.Best-sellingauthorMattRidleydoesn’tonlyexplainhowthingsaregettingbetter;hegivesusreasonswhyaswell.Heshowsushowhumancultureevolvesinapositivedirectionthankstotheexchangeofideasandspecialization.Thisboldbooklooksattheentiretyofhumanhistory–fromtheStoneAgetothe21stcentury–andchangestheconceptthatit’sallgoingdownhill.Book4Themajorityofpeoplebelievethatdevelopingcountriesareinaterriblesituation:sufferingfromincrediblepovertyandwars.Therealityisthatagreattransformationisoccurring.Overthepast20years,morethan700millionpeoplehaveincreasedtheirincomeandcomeoutofpoverty.Thisishappeningacrossdevelopingcountriesaroundtheworld.TheendoftheColdWar,thedevelopmentofnewtechnologiesandbravenewleadershiphavehelpedtoimprovethelivesofhundredsofmillionsofpeopleinpoorcountries.InhisbookTheGreatSurge,StevensRadeletdescribeshowallofthisishappeningand,moreimportantly,itshowsushowwecanspeeduptheprocess.Whatisthecommonfeatureofthefourbooks?Theyfocusonthepresentsituationsconcerningdevelopingcountries.Theyemphasizetheimportanceofdealingwithproblemsinpoorcountries.Theytrytodirectreaderstoapositivepathintermsofhumandevelopment.Theyappealtoshowmoresympathyandunderstandingforpoorcountries.Whichauthorsupportshisargumentsbyprovidingfactualevidence?HansRoslingasks B.StevenPinkerC.MattRidley D.StevensRadeletWhichofthefollowingcanbeapossibletitleforBook3?TheRationalOptimist B.HumanHistory:WhereAreWeC.APublicDebate D.OutofPoverty:WhatandHow(C)Astheconceptofemotionalintelligence(EI)hasgoneglobal,we’vewatchedprofessionalsfailastheytrytoimprovetheiremotionalintelligencebecausetheyeitherdon’tknowwheretofocustheireffortsortheyhaven’tunderstoodhowtoimprovetheseskillsonapracticallevel.Inourworkconsultingwithcompaniesandcoachingleaders,wehavefoundthatifyou’relookingtodevelopparticularEIstrengths,ithelpstoconsiderareasforimprovementothershaveidentifiedalongwiththegoalsyouwanttoachieve—andthentoactivelybuildhabitsinthoseareasratherthansimplyrelyingonunderstandingthemconceptually.Thefirststepistogetasenseofhowyourself-perception(howyouseeyourself)differsfromyourreputation(howothersseeyou).ThisisespeciallytrueforthedevelopmentofEIbecausewecanbeblindtohowweexpressandreadtheemotionalcomponentsofourinteractions.Forexample,mostofusthinkthatwe’regoodlisteners,butveryoftenthat’sreallynotthecase.Withoutthisexternalrealitycheck,itwillbedifficultforyoutoidentifythewaysthatyouractionsaffectyourperformance.Gettingfeedbackfromotherscanalsoprovideproofofthenecessityofshiftingourbehaviorandmotivationtodoso.Togiveyouthebestsenseofwherethedifferencesliebetweenyourself-perceptionandreputation,youshouldusea360-drgreefeedbackassessmentthattakesintoaccountthemultipleaspectsofEI.Thekeyistofindonetogiveyoufeedback,ondevelopmentandnotonperformanceassessment.Andthatcangiveyouadetailedunderstandingofhowotherpeople’sassessmentsofyoudifferfromyourownassessments.Secondly,whenyougetyourfeedbackfromanassessment,letthatinformwhatyouwanttoimprove.Butalsoconsiderwhatyourgoalsare.Whenitcomestocultivatingstrengthsinemotionalintelligence,you’reatahugedisadvantageifyou’reonlyinterestedbecauseotherssaidyoushouldbe.Youremotionalintelligenceissotiedupinyoursenseofselfthatbeingtheeffortmattersmorewhenchanginglongstandinghabitsthanitdoeswhensimplylearningaskill.Thatmeanstheareasthatyouchoosetoactivelyworkonshouldlieattheintersectionofthefeedbackyou’vegottenandtheareasthataremostimportanttoyourownaspirations(渴望).UnderstandingtheinfluencesofyourcurrentEIhabitsrelativetoyourgoalswillkeepyougoingoveralongperiodoftimeasyoudotheworkofstrengtheningyouremotionalintelligence.Whatdoweknowfromthefirstparagraph?ProfessionalsfailtounderstandtheconceptsofEI.EIplaysakeyroleinprofessionaldevelopment.LeadersarebadlyinneedofimprovingtheirEI.YouhavetoturntootherstoknowwhichEItoimprove.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisan“externalrealitycheck”?Yougothelpfromyourparentswhenmakingakeydecision.Yourteacherdirectedyoutowardsabetterattitudeinstudy.YoureflectedyourselfandmadeaNewYearResolution.Yourcareerdevelopmentspeedsupwiththeguidanceofothers.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemainideaofthe4thparagraph?It’smostreliabletofollowyourinnercallwhenyouwanttoimproveyourEI.It’shardforotherstoknowyourEIbecauseithidesdeeplybehindyourinnersense.WhenyouwanttoimproveEI,youshouldtakeyourgoalsintoconsideration.AcquiringanewskillismoresignificantthanyourattempttoimproveyourEI.Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?EffectiveEIdevelopmentisdeterminedbydifferentfactors.EIdevelopmentisunlikelytohappenunlessyouknowwhatEIreallyis.Theimportanceofperformanceassessmentisunderestimated.YourinnerselfdiscouragesyoufromimprovingyourEI.63.考察63.考察細(xì)節(jié)題?？疾鞂τ诘谝欢蝺删湓挼睦斫?，第一句話的重點(diǎn)為：一些專業(yè)人士在努力提高情商時(shí)失敗了，因?yàn)樗麄儾恢琅Φ姆较蚧虿焕斫馊绾卧趯?shí)踐中提高這些技能。根據(jù)這句A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。第二句話是文章的主題句：我們發(fā)現(xiàn)想要提高情商能力，有效的做法是同事考慮別人發(fā)現(xiàn)需要改善的部分和自己想要達(dá)成的目標(biāo)，然后在需要改善的部分建立習(xí)慣，而不是簡單地概念上理解。B、C選項(xiàng)為文中未提及的信息，D選項(xiàng)對應(yīng)第二句“areasforimprovementothershaveidentified”D。64.考察細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第二段，本段重點(diǎn)為段首句：了解自我認(rèn)知與他人評(píng)價(jià)間的差別。結(jié)合本段內(nèi)容，externalrealitycheck“外部事實(shí)對照”指的是別人的評(píng)價(jià)，尤其是與自我認(rèn)知有差別的，B選項(xiàng)“老師引導(dǎo)你獲得更好的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度”表明“老師發(fā)現(xiàn)你的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度有需要改善的部分”符合文意，故選B。A、D選項(xiàng)重點(diǎn)放在別人的幫助或指導(dǎo)，C選項(xiàng)強(qiáng)調(diào)自我反思。65.考察段落大意題。本段要注意第二句的轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯，轉(zhuǎn)折后的重點(diǎn)是除了考慮別人的反饋外，還要考慮自己的目標(biāo)；內(nèi)在動(dòng)力才更能促使我們改變一些長久以來的習(xí)慣。符合文意的是C。66.考察推斷題。本題是基于文章內(nèi)容的推斷題。B選項(xiàng)中的“knowwhatEIreallyis”EI的概念，文中只在開頭提到，它不是本文所提的提高情商的重要因素。C選項(xiàng)中的performanceassessment在文中的第三段提到，原意為：別人所給的評(píng)價(jià)要重點(diǎn)突出發(fā)展，而不是對于表C選項(xiàng)說“被低估”與原文不符。D選項(xiàng)原文并未提及。A，選項(xiàng)中的differentfactors可以理解為文中提到的兩個(gè)步驟，即了解自我認(rèn)知與他人評(píng)價(jià)間的差別，要將別人的反饋和自己的目標(biāo)綜合起來考慮。詞語積累emotionalintelligence情商onapracticallevel實(shí)際上self-perceptionn.自我認(rèn)知，自我知覺beatadisadvantage處于不利地位attheintersectionofAandBAB的交叉處SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.ThoseThosewholearntoforgivedeserverespectfromothers.Toforgiveissomethingthatmostpeoplehavedifficultywith.Thedeeperyourpain,thelongeritusuallytakestocompletelyforgive.Forgivenessbringsfreedom,whereashateisneithersweetnorsatisfying.Forgivenessisnecessarybecauseitreleasesyoufromtheburdenofbitternessandhate.Psychologicallyforgivenessisdefinedasadeliberatedecisiontoreleasefeelingsofhatetowardapersonwhohasharmedyou.Arethingsnotworkingoutinyourlife,despiteyourdoingallthe“right”things?Isitpossiblethatyouareholding“unforgiveness”inyourheart?Itisworththinkingabout.Whatdoyoudowhensomebodyhurtsyou?Doyouwanttohurtthatpersonback,ordoyouholditagainstthemfortherestofyourlife?Ifyouanswered“yes”tothesequestions,youarelikemostpeople.(67) forgive.Somepeoplethinktoforgiveisasignofweakness,butactuallytoforgivetakescourageandeffort.Forgivenessisagiftfromagenerousheart.Itisnotarewardforgoodbehavior.Itisnotbasedonwhetherthepersondeservesitorwhetherthepersonhasaskedforit.Besides,forgivenessisanactandalong-termprocess.(68) Itisanactbecauseitisnotjustthewordsyousay,butalsoyouractionswhichshowifyou’vetrulyforgivensomeone. Ittakesalotofenergytohateandtokeepthathateinplace.Hateputsunwantedstressonyourbody.Itisawell-knownfact,provenbynumerousstudies,thatbitternesscanactuallymakeyousick.Themomentthoseaffectedpeopleforgiveandletgooftheirhate,theywillstarttogetwell. Ihavepersonalexperienceofthis.Iusedtobeverycynical(憤世嫉俗的)aboutlifeanddidn’tforgiveeasily.Atthetime,Ialsostruggledineveryareaofmylife.Thingsjustdidn’tseemtoworkoutforme.Itisasifeverythingcouldgowrong,alwayswentwrong.Thatwasuntilsomebodytoldmetotakealookatmyattitude.AndwhenIforgavethosewhowrongedmeandchangedmyattitude,everythingelsechanged.Itdidn’thappenovernight.Ittookawhile,butIcouldseeandfeelthedifference.67考察段尾空。Ifyouansweredyestothesequestions,youarelikemostpeople.第一段引出了話題大多數(shù)通常都不是那么容易選擇原諒和寬恕，所以正確選項(xiàng)為B。68考察段中空。forgivenessisanactandalong-termprocess可以得出原諒是一個(gè)很長時(shí)間的行為過程，所以造成的傷害越深，可能就要花越多時(shí)間來原諒，而且他也不僅是語言，更是之后的內(nèi)心真正的原諒，所以Thedeeperyourpain,thelongeritusuallytakestocompletelyforgive為承上啟下.C。69考察段首空。本段主要在討論心里有憎恨會(huì)讓一個(gè)人病態(tài)，只有寬恕才能治愈，F(xiàn)orgivenessisnecessarybecauseitreleasesyoufromtheburdenofbitternessandhate.跟本段最后一句話呼應(yīng)Themomentthoseaffectedpeopleforgiveandletgooftheirhate,theywillstarttogetwell.。E。70考察段首空。本段作者舉了一個(gè)自己的親身例子最后總結(jié)寬恕才會(huì)給人帶來自由，憎恨沒有幸?？裳訤orgivenessbringsfreedom,whereashateisneithersweetnorsatisfying.D。SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Notsettinghomeworkcanbeimpossibleincertainsituations.Therearemanyargumentsforhomework,andmostmanyofthefollowing:homeworkisaperfectopportunitytoreviewwhatwasdonewiththeteacher,andrethinkanddevelopthatiniti