高考英語閱讀加餐練之記敘文（含答案詳解）

2022高考英語閱讀加餐練之記敘文（含答案詳解）（A）Withtheworld’sattentiononvaccines(疫苗),nowfeelslikeagoodmomenttosingthepraisesofanoftenforgottencontributiontotheirdevelopment.Threehundredyearsagothismonth,LadyMaryWortleyMontagugotherdaughterinoculated(接種)againstsmallpox,makingherchildthefirstpersonintheWesttobeprotectedinthisway.WithoutMontagu’swillingnesstoadoptapracticeshehadlearnedfromothercultures,theintroductionofvaccinesaround80yearslaterwouldneverhavetakenplace.MontagufirstwitnessedinoculationwhensheaccompaniedherhusbandtoTurkeyin1717.InoculationhadstartedinAsia,probablyinChina,asearlyasthe10thcenturyAD.MontaguobservedhowolderwomeninTurkeytookatinyamountofpus（膿）fromapersonwithsmallpox.Theythenusedneedlestomakecutsonpeople’swristsandanklesandaddedthepustotheirbloodstream.Thishelpedpeoplegainimmunityfromfutureinfection.Likeothervisitorstothecountry,MontagutookstepstoensurethathersonwasinoculatedinTurkey.Thisworkedwell,butsheknewthattryingitinEnglandwouldbefarmorechallenging.Inoculationperformedbyunlicensedamateurswouldthreatendoctors’professionalstandingandpotentiallyrobthemofvaluableincome.Churchmenalsodisagreewiththepractice,astheysawitasgoingagainstnature.BackinEngland,Montaguobservedtheincreasedseverityofsmallpoxinfections.Eventually,inApril1721,shedecidedtousetheTurkishpracticetohaveherdaughterinoculated,becauseshebelievedthattherewardswouldoutweightherisks.Afterasafetimehadpassedfollowingtheinoculation,Montagualloweddoctorstoexamineherdaughter.DoctorsinBritaingraduallyacceptedthepractice.Aboutsoyearslater,apioneeringphysicianfoundsmallpoxvaccinestodestroysmallpoxcompletely.Asearlyaslastcentury,academicsarguedthatMontaguwasnomorethananenthusiasticamateur.Intruth,shemadeavitalscientificcontributiontowardsfindingthecureforsmallpox.1.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theoriginofsmallpoxinoculation.B.Montagu’sfirstaccesstoinoculation.C.Thebenefitsfromsmallpoxinoculation.D.Turkishwomen’sinventionofinoculation.2.MontagufounditdifficulttotryinoculationinEnglandbecause__________.A.itwasagainsthumannatureB.itmightharmdoctors’interestsC.itwasbeyonddoctors’abilitiesD.itmightshakechurchmen’sbelief3.WhatleddoctorsinBritaintoacceptinoculation?A.Theincreasedseverityofsmallpoxinfections.B.Aphysician’sdiscoveryofsmallpoxvaccines.C.TheresultofMontagu’sdaughter’sinoculation.D.Montagu’sfocusonitsrewardsratherthanitsrisks.4.Whatmightbethebesttitleofthetest?A.AnunsungheroB.NolimittocreationC.DevelopmentofvaccinesD.Ahistoricmedicalinnovation（B）Dad’scombwasjadegreen.IheardheboughtitwhenhemarriedMum,whichmadethecombtwoyearsolderthanIwas.Everynight,hewouldsmile,handmethecombandsay,“BeagoodgirlandhelpDaddycleanit,OK?”Iwasmorethanhappytodoit.Atagefivethismundane(平凡的)taskbroughtmesuchjoy.Iwouldexcitedlyturnthetapon,thenbrushthecombwithausedtoothbrushashardasIcould.SatisfiedthatI’ddoneagoodjob,IwouldproudlyreturnthecombtoDad.Hewouldsmileatmeandplacethecombontopofhiswallet.Abouttwoyearslater,Dadlefthissalesjobandstartedhisownwholesalebusiness.Istartedprimaryschool.Thatwaswhenthingsstartedtochange.Hedidn’tcomehomeasmuchasheusedto–justacoupleoftimesaweek.Andwhenhedidcomehome,itwasalwayslateandI’dalreadybeinbed.Istartedtogetmad.Istoppedwaitingforhimtocomehome,andstoppedgoingdownstairstocheckonhim.Today,I’mnolongerakid.I’vegraduatedfromcollegeandgotajob.Dad’sbusinesshasgotbackontrack.Thingsarebetternow.YettheuncomfortablesilencebetweenDadandmepersisted.Twodaysbeforemybirthdaylastyear,Dadcamehomeearly.Asusual,Ihelpedhimcarryhisbagsintohisstudy.WhenIturnedtoleave,hesaid,“Hey,wouldyouliketohelpmecleanmycomb?”Ilookedathimawhile,thentookthecombandheadedtothesink.IpassedthecleancombbacktoDad.Helookedatitandsmiled.Butthistime,Inoticedsomethingdifferent.Mydadhasaged.Hehaswrinklesnexttohiseyeswhenhesmiles,yethissmileisstillasheartwarmingasbefore.Thesmileofafatherwhojustwantsagoodlifeforhisfamily.Dadcarefullyplacedhiscombontopofhiswallet.Aftersomanyyears,hestillorganizeshispersonalitemsinthesamemeticulous(細(xì)心的)way.Iguesssomethingsneverchange.Andforthat,I’mglad.1.WhatcausedtheuncomfortablesilencebetweenDadandme?A.Generationgap.B.Dad’sfailureinbusiness.C.MyignoranceofDad.D.Dad’sabsencefromthefamily.2.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeDad?A.Gentlebutstrict.B.Hardworkingandcaring.C.Cautiousandrealistic.D.Demandingbutpatient.3.WhydidDadaskhisdaughtertocleanhiscombbeforeherbirthday?A.Togiveheralesson.B.Tofollowhisoldhabit.C.Tofixtheirrelationship.D.Topraiseherhelpfulness.4.Whichsayingconcludesthetextbest?A.Yesterdayoncemore.B.Letbygonesbebygones.C.Somethingsneverchange.D.Likefather,likedaughter.（C）BornHedwigEvaMariaKieslerNov.9,1914,theAustrianativetookanearlyinterestintheperformingarts,butseemedequallyfascinatedwithscienceandengineering.In1937,shesignedacontractwithHollywood’sMetro-Goldwyn-MayerstudiounderthenameHedyLamarr.HerfirstfilmwasagreatsuccessandsoonLamarrwasahouseholdname.DuringherHollywoodyears,Lamarrwasknownforherknowledgeonaviation（航空）designandtheory.Butitwasn’tuntil1942thatLamarr’sinnovativethinkinginspiredacreativeinvention.IncooperationwithcomposerGeorgeAntheil,Lamarrdesignedafrequency-hopping（跳頻）systemthatminimizedthejammingofradiosignals.DuringWorldWarII,Hedy’smotherwastrappedinVienna.ItwashardforHedytohelphermothertogettoAmericabecauseeveryAmericanshipwasgettingblownupbytheNazis.Sosheworkedoninventingaremotecontrolledtorpedo（魚雷）soadvancedthatitwouldbeabletohuntdownandblowupeveryNazisubmarineintheAtlantic,thussecuringsafepassagetotheUS.TomakesuretheNaziscouldn’tdetecttheradiosignalforhertorpedo,shecreateda“secretcommunicationsystem”thatcouldn’tbedetected.The“secretcommunicationsystem"employedchangingradiofrequenciestopreventenemiesfrominterpretingmessages.Multipleradiofrequencieswereusedtobroadcastaradiosignal,whichchangedfrequenciesinanapparentlyrandommanner.Toanyonelistening,itwouldjustsoundlikenoise.Butthesignalwouldbeclearifboththesenderandreceiverhoppedfrequenciesatthesametime.Althoughthetechnologywasneverusedinwartime,itendedupplayingacriticalroleincommunicationmethodsthroughoutthedecades.ManybelievethatLamarr’sinventionmadetechnologylikeWi-Fi,GPSandBluetooth,aswellasdeviceslikecellphones,possible.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“thejammingofradiosignalsinparagraph2referto?A.Detectingtheradiosignals.B.SendingtheradiosignalsC.Receivingtheradiosignals.D.Boostingtheradiosignals.2.WhatledLamarrtoinventanewcommunicationsystem?A.Herpassionforscience.B.Herinterestinperforming.C.Hercontractwithastudio.D.Herdesiretohelphermotherout.3.Whatdoesparagraph4focuson?A.Showingtheapplicationofthesystem.B.Interpretinghowthesystemfunctioned.C.Stressingthesignificanceofthesystem.D.Explaininghowthesystemwasinvented.4.WhatcanweinferaboutHedyLamarrfromthetext?A.Shewasveryambitious.B.Shewasaproductiveactress.C.Shewascompletelydevotedtoscience.D.Shecontributedtocommunicationtechnology.（D）Goingtobedinonemajorcityandwakingupinanother;toastingthelandscapeasanewcountryslipspast;beingrockedtosleepasyourattleacrossacontinent.It’snowonderthatthenighttrainsofEuropehavebeenabyword(代名詞)forromance.Infact,overthepastdecade,muchofEurope’snighttrainnetworkhasbeencut.Formany,itseemedtheendofthelinewasnear.ButrecentlytherehasbeenarecoveryofnighttrainsacrossEurope.OnDecember8th2020,fournationalrailprovidersteameduptoannouncenewroutesbetween13Europeancities.“Youleaveworkatausualtime,havedinner,makeyourwaytothestation,getonthetrain,andwakeupintheplaceyouwanttobe.There’snoturningupattheairportataverystrangehour,asyoudoforabudgetflight.”saysMonishaRajesh,authorof“AroundtheWorldin80Trains.”Infact,“flightshaming”hasbeensweepingacrossEuropeinthepastfewyears.In2018,domesticflightsweredown9%inSweden.TheCovid-19pandemichashelped,too.Trainsareeasiertosocial-distanceon,saysRajesh.Andnighttrains—whereyoucanbookanentirecompartment(分隔廂)toyourself—areevenbetter.Europe’sgeographyalsohelpstheargumentfornighttrains,saysNicolasForien,amemberofBackonTrack,whopointsoutthathalftheflightsleavingFranceareeitherinternal,orgoingtoaneighboringcountry.“ThedistancebetweenEuropeancapitalsismostlyidealfornighttrains.Thecontinentcouldbeanight-trainparadise.”1.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthenighttrainsofEurope?A.Theyrunatahighspeed.B.TheywerepopularamongEuropeans.C.Theyexperiencedadownacenturyago.D.Theybringpassengersasenseofromance.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“budget”inparagraph3mean?A.long.B.cheap.C.short.D.expensive.3.Asforthewriter,whichofthefollowinghascontributedtotherecoveryofEurope’snighttrains?①flightshaming②theCovid-19pandemic③theinternalbudgetflight④Europe’sgeography⑤thetourismboomA.①②⑤B.②③④C.①②④D.②④⑤4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhyEuropeanschoosetotravelbynighttrainsB.HowEurope’snighttrainscomebackfromthedeadC.WhenEuropeansstarttakinganinterestinnighttrainsD.WhetherthenetworkofEurope’snighttrainhasbeencut（E）IanMcKennawasinthirdgradewhenhelearnedthatmanykidsathisAustinschoolweren’tgettingenoughtoeatathome.Hewantedtohelp,butlocalvolunteerorganizationsturnedhimaway,sayinghewastooyoung.Sohedecidedtofindhisownsolution.Foryears,hehadbeengardeningwithhismother,andtheyoftendistributedtheirextravegetablestotheneighbors.“Whynotgivetheproducetoasoupkitchen?ThenIthought,I’mgoodatgardening,”saysMcKenna,now16.“Whynotplantagardenatschool,sothatkidsinneedcouldtakefoodhome?”McKennapersuadedhisschooltosetasidespaceforagarden;thenheaskedthecommunityfordonationsofseedsandequipment.Otherstudentsdonatedtheirtime.Withinmonths,McKennasgardenwasproducinglettuces,tomatoes,cucumbersandsquashforstudentsandtheirfamiliesNow,sevenyearslater,McKenna’sGivingGardenprojecthasexpandedtofiveareaschoolsinadditiontohisownbackyardgarden,andhehasprovidedorganicproduce,enoughfor25,000meals,toAustinfamilies.Formostofhisgardeningactivities,McKennawearsthesameT-shirtindifferentcolors,withhispersonalmottoonit:BEAGOODHUMAN.Tohim,thatmeanshelpinginanywayyoucan,nomatterwhatyourage.“Evenasmilemightchangesomeone’slife,”hesays.“Itletsthemknowthattheyareimportant.Itcanmaketheirday.”WhenCOVID-19hittheU.S.,McKennaredoubledhisefforts,cookingupto100mealstodistributetothehungryontheweekends.Whensocialdistancingmeantthatvolunteerscouldn’tworkoncommunitygardenplots,hestartedofferingonlineclassesandagardeninghotlinesofamiliescouldgrowathome.Whilegardeningishiscorefocus,McKennasaysheisalwayslookingfornewwaystohelpthehungry.1.WhatcausedIan’sdecisiontohelpthekidsinhisownway?A.Beingrejectedbyvolunteergroups.B.Beinggoodatgardening.C.Asoupkitchen’ssupport.D.Hismother’ssuggestions.2.WhatdoweknowabouttheGivingGardenproject?A.Ithelpsstudentsonly.B.Itwasstartedwithjointefforts.C.Itisfundedbyschools.D.Itearnsgreatprofitseveryyear.3.WhichofthefollowingcanbestexplainIan’spersonalmotto?A.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.B.Asmallgesturemakesadifference.C.Onegoodturndeservesanother.D.Lovecanbreakallthebarriers.4.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.IanMcKenna,GrowingaFoodBankB.IanMckenna,anExperiencedGardenerC.GivingGardenProject,anImpossibleMissionD.GivingGardenProject,aUniversalSolution（F）LifebeganinHawaiiin1985formusicalcelebrityBrunoMars.Hisdad,Pete,wasapercussionist(打擊樂手)andhismom,Bernadette,wasasingeranddancer,soitseemednaturalthatBrunowouldonedaybecomeamusician.Atage4,Brunoofficiallyjoinedinashow,andaudiencesadoredhim.Thatearlyintroductiontoshowbusinesshelpedhimdevelopconfidence.Hesays,"Performingfromsuchayoungagejustgotmesocomfortableonstage.Growingupperforming-thatwasnormalforme."Aftergraduatingfromhighschool,BrunodecidedtomovetoLosAngelestopursueamusiccareer.Itwasn'teasy,though.HewasusedtoperformingregularlyasamusicianinHonolulu,Hawaii.ButLA'scompetitiveatmospherewasnothinglikethatinHawaii."It'snotlikeinmovies,whereyouwalkintoarecordcompanyandyou'regivenallthesegreatsongsYouhavetowritewhattheworldisgoingtowanttohear.IlearnedthatthehardwayhereinLA,"Brunosaid.Thoughtheenticementtogiveupwasgreat,heneverdid.Brunofoundthathecouldmakemoneyandbecomeestablishedbywritingsongsforfamoussingers.In2010Brunocaughtaluckybreakwhenhewasaskedtorecordoneofhissongs.Itrocketedtothetopofthecharts.Thatsameyearhereleasedhisfirstoriginalsolosingle,JusttheWayYouAre,whichalsohitnumberone.Thesong'ssuccessbroughtBrunoinstantfameandstarstatus.SincethenBrunoMarshasreceivednumerousmusicawardsandhonors.Hehassoldmorethan130millionrecords,makinghimoneofthebest-sellingartistsever.Manyofhisfansandpeersconsiderhimamusicalgeniusandoneoftheworld'sbestperformers.1．WhywasBruno'scareerdevelopmenthardinLA?A．Hewaslackinginconfidence. B．CompetitioninLAwasfiercer.C．Hedidn'tperformregularlyinLA． D．Theaudiencewasn'tattractedbyhim.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"enticement"inParagraph3probablymean?A．Instruction. B．Command.C．Inspiration. D．Appeal.3．WhatmadeBruno'scareertakeoff?A．Famoussingers'songswrittenbyhim.B．Hisrichexperienceinperformingonstage.C．Songshewasrequiredtorecordforhimself.D．Famoussingers'directionandrecommendation.4．What'sthemainideaofthispassage?A．AwardswonbyBrunoMars. B．PopularsongsbyBrunoMars.C．BrunoMars'struggleinLA． D．BrunoMars'roadtofame.參考答案A1.B。根據(jù)第二段MontagufirstwitnessedinoculationwhensheaccompaniedherhusbandtoTurkeyin1717（1717年，Montagu和她丈夫在土耳其第一次見證了接種）及本段內(nèi)容可知，可知，該段主要講述了Montagu見到的接種的過程。故答案選B項。2.B。根據(jù)題干difficulttotryinoculationinEngland定位到第三段第三句Inoculationperformedbyunlicensedamateurswouldthreatendoctors’professionalstandingandpotentiallyrobthemofvaluableincome，由無執(zhí)照的業(yè)余醫(yī)師進行接種會威脅到醫(yī)生的職業(yè)地位，并有可能剝奪他們寶貴的收入，可知答案選B項（可能剝奪醫(yī)生的收入）3.C。根據(jù)題干doctorsinBritaintoacceptinoculation定位到第五段第一句及前一句Afterasafetimehadpassedfollowingtheinoculation,Montagualloweddoctorstoexamineherdaughter，在接種疫苗后的一段安全時間過后，蒙塔古允許醫(yī)生為她的女兒進行檢查，然后醫(yī)生們逐漸接受了?？芍鸢高xC項。4.A。根據(jù)全文第一句Withtheworld’sattentiononvaccines(疫苗),nowfeelslikeagoodmomenttosingthepraisesofanoftenforgottencontributiontotheirdevelopment（隨著世界的注意力集中在疫苗，現(xiàn)在感覺是一個好時機來歌頌一個經(jīng)常被遺忘的貢獻），接著文章講述了Montagu如何在土耳其初次看到接種，及如何把這種方法帶到西方。文章肯定了Montagu對抵制天花蔓延作出的貢獻。故答案選A項（一個無名英雄）。B項（無限創(chuàng)造）、C項（疫苗的發(fā)展）、D項（一項歷史性的醫(yī)學(xué)創(chuàng)新）不合文意。B1.D.根據(jù)題干theuncomfortablesilence定位到第四段最后一句YettheuncomfortablesilencebetweenDadandmepersisted,根據(jù)前一-段，父親在辭職創(chuàng)業(yè)后，較少回家，且都是較晚回家?？芍鸢高xD項。2.B.根據(jù)第三段Hedidn'tcomehomeasmuchasheusedto一justacoupleoftimesaweek.Andwhenhedidcomehome,itwasalwayslateandI'dalreadybeinbed,可知父親因工作不再那么經(jīng)?；丶遥医?jīng)常深夜回家，可知他是一-個hardworking的人。另外，從我為父親清洗梳子的過程描述，可知父親很愛我?？芍鸢高xB項。3.C.自從父親創(chuàng)業(yè)以來，因為較忙，所以家人之間關(guān)系較為沉默。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知，在我生日前兩天，父親讓我?guī)退逑词嶙?，讓我重新感覺到了父親的溫暖及為家人的付出，可知答案選C項(修復(fù)他們的關(guān)系)。4.C。根據(jù)最后一段Aftersomanyyears,hesillorganizeshispersonalitemsinthesamemeticulousway.Iguesssomethingsneverchange(時隔多年，當(dāng)我看到父親依然像之前那樣細(xì)心地擺放他的梳子，我便知道了有些東西從未改變)及全文大意，可知答案選C項。C1.A。第二段提出這個系統(tǒng)可以“minimizedthejammingofradiosignals（盡量減少無線電信號的干擾）”，第三段講解了這個系統(tǒng)的靈感來源，第四段講解了這個系統(tǒng)的工作原理。由第四段shecreateda“secretcommunicationsystem”thatcouldn’tbedetected（她創(chuàng)造了一個無法被察覺的“秘密通信系統(tǒng)”）可知，這個系統(tǒng)可以防止被檢測到。故選A項。2.D。由文章第三段ItwashardforHedytohelphermothertogettoAmericabecauseeveryAmericanshipwasgettingblownupbytheNazis.Sosheworkedoninventingaremotecontrolledtorpedo…（海蒂很難幫助她母親到達美國，因為每一艘美國船都被納粹炸毀了。所以她致力于發(fā)明遙控魚雷…）可知，HedyLamarr發(fā)明這個系統(tǒng)的原因是為了幫助她的母親。故選D項。3.B。第四段主要解釋這個“秘密通訊系統(tǒng)”是如何起作用的，它可以改變無線電頻率來阻止敵人解碼消息。多個無線電頻率來傳播一個無線電信號，這種被改變的無線電頻率很明顯事隨機的。對于任何聽的人來說，這聽起來都像是噪音。但是當(dāng)發(fā)信人和收信人同時跳頻的話，信號將會是清晰的。故選B項。4.D。根據(jù)文章最后一句ManybelievethatLamarr’sinventionmadetechnologylikeWi-Fi,GPSandBluetooth,aswellasdeviceslikecellphones,possible（很多人都相信，Lamarr的發(fā)明使技術(shù)如Wi-Fi,GPS和藍牙及無線手機成為可能）結(jié)合全文大意可知，Lamarr的這項發(fā)明對通訊技術(shù)的發(fā)展作出了巨大貢獻，故選D項。D1.D。由文章第一段It’snowonderthatthenighttrainsofEuropehavebeenabywordforromance（不足為奇，歐洲的夜班火車一直以來都是浪漫的代名詞）可知D正確；由文章第二段Infact,overthepastdecade,muchofEurope’snighttrainnetworkhasbeencut（事實上，在過去的幾十年，歐洲夜班火車的大部分車次已經(jīng)被砍掉）可知，C項不正確；A，B項未提到。2.B。由文章第三段Youleaveworkatausualtime,….There’snoturningupattheairportatastrangehour,asyoudoforabudgetflight（你按照往常時間去上班，吃晚飯，去車站，上火車，然后在你想去的地方醒來。不可能像你坐特價航班一樣，在奇怪的時間出現(xiàn)在機場）可知，乘客為了省錢而選擇購買出行低峰期的低價飛機票。答案選B項。3.C。關(guān)于歐洲夜班火車起死為生的原因，文章第四、五、六段分別提到了flightshaming，theCovid-19pandemic和Europe’sgeography，故選C項。4.B。文章第一段為開篇段，介紹文章的主題：歐洲夜班