土力學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告

土工試驗(yàn)報(bào)告班級 組號(hào) 姓名 同組人成績河北工業(yè)大學(xué)土木工程學(xué)院2013年5月19日PAGEPAGE11試驗(yàn)一 土的基本物理指標(biāo)的測定（一）記錄土樣編試驗(yàn)日_ 2013/5/19

班組 姓名 環(huán)刀號(hào)環(huán)刀質(zhì)量環(huán)刀號(hào)環(huán)刀質(zhì)量環(huán)刀加土質(zhì)量土質(zhì)量環(huán)刀容積密度/g/cm3平均重度/kN/m32.06720.422.075/g/g/g/cm333443.8167.83124.306023743.0167.50124.5060盒號(hào)盒質(zhì)量盒號(hào)盒質(zhì)量/g盒加濕土質(zhì)量盒加干土質(zhì)量水質(zhì)量/g干土質(zhì)量含水率/%平均含水率/g/g/g/%22716.3540.1136.074.0419.7220.520.1517916.5337.8434.323.5217.7919.8界限含水率試驗(yàn)液限試驗(yàn)記錄表（圓錐儀液限試驗(yàn)）盒號(hào)盒號(hào)盒質(zhì)量/g/g/g水質(zhì)量/g干土質(zhì)量/g液限/%液限平均值/%塑限試驗(yàn)記錄表（滾搓法）盒號(hào)盒號(hào)盒質(zhì)量/g/g/g水質(zhì)量/g干土質(zhì)量/g塑限/%塑限平均值/%圓錐下沉深度圓錐下沉深度/mm盒號(hào)盒質(zhì)量/g3.87.812023014219102108016.9916.1817.4215.4016.7216.23/g31.8832.0624.4728.2733.4529.66/g29.4029.4725.4625.7829.7026.61水質(zhì)量/g2.482.592.012.493.753.01干土質(zhì)量/g12.4113.298.0410.3812.9810.38含水率/%液限/%塑限/%19.9819.4925.0024.0028.8929.0127.516.016注：圓錐下沉深度與含水率的雙對數(shù)坐標(biāo)關(guān)系曲線繪制于圖1之中。（二）試驗(yàn)成果匯總和計(jì)算試驗(yàn)測定數(shù)據(jù) = 20.42 kN/m3w= 20.15 %wL= 27.50 %wp= 16.09 %根據(jù)備注表1，由wL查表得d = 2.70s用試驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行下列計(jì)算（1）e=0.5873r（2）S=0.9189(3)IP=11.5r(4)IL=0.361依上述計(jì)算結(jié)果判定土的分類名稱P∵10<IP

=11.5<17∴試驗(yàn)土樣為粉質(zhì)粘土試驗(yàn)土樣所處的狀態(tài)LL

=0.361<0.75100.010.0mm100.010.0mm度深土入錐圓1.0101000.1含水率/%圖1 圓錐入土深度與含水率關(guān)系曲（三）思考與分析土樣烘干時(shí)，為什么要控制溫度為環(huán)刀尺寸（直徑、高度、壁厚、容積）對試驗(yàn)成果有何影響？試分析搓條法的理論依據(jù)及存在的主要問題。備注：土粒比重與土的礦物成分有關(guān)，其值一般為2.65~2.75，由于土粒比重的測定方法較為復(fù)雜。且同L當(dāng)缺乏地區(qū)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)值時(shí)，對于黏性土，可取d=2.70~2.75d=2.65。天津地區(qū)液限wLs sd1所示。sw /%Lds備注表1 天津地區(qū)液限wLw /%Lds＜262628.628.730.630.734.234.336.236.337.637.74545.151.4＞51.42.692.702.712.722.732.742.752.762.77試驗(yàn)二顆粒分析試驗(yàn)（密度計(jì)法）（一）顆粒分析試驗(yàn)記錄土樣編

班 組 試驗(yàn)日2013/5/19 姓 名 干土質(zhì)30g 密度計(jì) 小于0.075mm土質(zhì)量百分量筒號(hào) 試樣處理說土粒比2.70

燒瓶號(hào) 比重校正系數(shù)CG 0.989 懸 密 度 計(jì) 讀 液 R溫 密度 刻度及 溫度 土粒落距 L粒徑d度 計(jì)讀 彎液面T/C 數(shù) 校正值分散劑Rn H校正值 校正值 Rm C MCG /cm/mm122.114-0.500.63-0.513.6313.486.50.055444.9344.93222.310-0.900.69-0.59.299.1935.60.048430.6330.63522.55.5-0.800.75-0.54.954.9068.40.033616.3316.331522.85-0.900.84-0.54.444.3972.00.028614.6314.633023.14.2-1.050.93-0.53.583.5477.80.020911.8011.806023.14-1.101.05-0.53.453.4179.30.014911.3711.3712023.13-1.300.93-0.52.132.1186.50.01107.037.03下沉?xí)r間下沉?xí)r間t/minRRnCDTD小于某粒徑土質(zhì)量百分?jǐn)?shù)X/%小于某粒徑百分?jǐn)?shù)mT/%繪制顆粒大小分布曲線（見圖，并根據(jù)顆粒分布曲線完成填寫表2。（三）思考和分析1度？密度計(jì)法作顆粒分析試驗(yàn)的誤差原因分析，請選擇。系統(tǒng)誤差：由理論假設(shè)、所用儀器和規(guī)定的試驗(yàn)方法步驟不完善造成。①土粒剛開始下沉?xí)r為加速運(yùn)動(dòng)，V≠常數(shù)②土粒并不是球形ds≠常數(shù)④密度計(jì)泡體積過大，影響土粒下沉⑤土粒下沉過程中互相干擾，且受器壁影響⑥用浮泡所排開范圍內(nèi)之懸液密度，代替密度計(jì)浮泡中心液面密度是近似的偶然誤差：由試驗(yàn)操作不當(dāng)造成①土粒稱量不準(zhǔn)或有損失②土粒分散不完全③攪拌不均勻④讀數(shù)有誤（R、T、t）要求仔細(xì)體會(huì)，明白者在后面畫（√、否則畫（×）5040504030201000.100.01/數(shù)分百量質(zhì)土總占量質(zhì)土徑粒某于小土粒直徑/mm圖2顆粒級配曲線表2 顆粒組成顆粒顆粒≥0.075組 成/%0.075～0.05 0.05～0.005≤0.005限制粒徑d60有效粒徑d10不均勻系數(shù)d/d60 10土的分類名稱033.2265.191.590.06050.0134.65試驗(yàn)三固結(jié)試驗(yàn)（一）記錄土樣編

班 組 試驗(yàn)日2013/5/19 姓 名 土樣情況盒號(hào)土樣情況盒號(hào)盒質(zhì)量/g盒加濕土質(zhì)量盒加干土質(zhì)量水質(zhì)量/g干土質(zhì)量含水率/%平均/%試驗(yàn)前20.15/g/g/g22716.3540.1136.074.0419.7220.517916.5337.8434.323.5217.7919.8土樣情況環(huán)刀號(hào)土樣情況環(huán)刀號(hào)334試驗(yàn)前237環(huán)刀質(zhì)量環(huán)刀+土質(zhì)量土質(zhì)量環(huán)刀容積密度重度/g/g/g/cm3/g/cm3/kN/m343.8167.83124.03602.06720.6743.0167.50124.50602.07520.75HH20mm0壓縮容器編號(hào)：土粒比重d=d ws ws2.70計(jì)算初始孔隙比e 00158.87%0各級加荷歷時(shí)各級荷重下測微表讀數(shù)/mm/050kPa0100kPa13.4200kPa34.2300kPa73.62013.434.273.6109.7總變形量S1/mm0.1340.3420.7361.088儀器變形量S2/mm0.0150.0250.0400.050試樣變形量S/mm0.1190.3170.6961.038變形后孔隙比（e）0.5710.5550.5250.498（二）繪圖與計(jì)算e比隙孔繪制壓縮曲線（3e比隙孔0.580.570.560.550.540.530.520.510.500.49012345p/kPa3試驗(yàn)壓縮曲線a1-2Es1-2，并判定土的壓縮性。a ee11

0.56350.533410000.301 112

p21

200100 MpE12

1e1a1

10.56350.301

5.19Mp112∵0.1MP-1≤0.301MP-1＜0.5MPa-14MPa≤5.19MPa≤15MPa∴由以上兩點(diǎn)可知此土質(zhì)為中等壓縮性土。（三）思考與分析為什么加荷后要經(jīng)過很長時(shí)間（往往24小時(shí)以上）變形才會(huì)穩(wěn)定？試驗(yàn)誤差原因分析①土樣代表性②土樣結(jié)構(gòu)擾動(dòng)③室內(nèi)外土樣壓縮條件不同④設(shè)備及操作誤差上述分析內(nèi)容同學(xué)應(yīng)仔細(xì)體會(huì)，明白者在后面畫（√，否則畫（×。試驗(yàn)四直接剪切試驗(yàn)（一）記錄土樣編

班 組 試驗(yàn)日2013/5/19 姓 名 試驗(yàn)方法垂直壓力環(huán)刀質(zhì)量垂直壓力環(huán)刀質(zhì)量環(huán)刀+土質(zhì)量土質(zhì)量環(huán)刀容積密度重度備注/kPa/g/g/g/cm3/g/cm3/kN/m310043.8167.83124.03602.06720.6720043.0167.50124.50602.07520.7530043.0164.03121.02602.01720.1740043.7164.24120.52602.00820.08（二）試驗(yàn)成果剪切試驗(yàn)記錄表（3）繪制剪應(yīng)力與剪切位移關(guān)系曲線（圖4）繪制抗剪強(qiáng)度與垂直壓力關(guān)系曲線（圖5，并確定黏聚力c。k/k/力應(yīng)剪P120.00100.0080.0060.00垂直壓力p=100kPa垂直壓力p=200kPa垂直壓力垂直壓力40.0020.000.000100200300400500剪切位移△L/0.01mm圖4剪應(yīng)力與剪切位移關(guān)系曲線表3 直接剪切試驗(yàn)記錄表儀器編 手輪轉(zhuǎn)4 轉(zhuǎn)/min應(yīng)變?nèi)ο禂?shù)K 1.550 kPa/0.01mm1頁垂直壓力p 100kPa垂直壓力p200kPa剪切歷時(shí) 6分 0秒剪切歷時(shí) 6分0秒抗剪強(qiáng)度 40.30kPa抗剪強(qiáng)度69.13kPa手輪百分表讀剪切位移剪應(yīng)力手輪百分表讀剪切位移剪應(yīng)力轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)數(shù)（R）（△L）（）轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)數(shù)（R）（△L）（R）（n）/0.01mm/0.01mm/kPa（n）/0.01mm/0.01mm/kPa①②20①-②K②①②20①-②K②15157.75171310.8528.83113.642122818.60310.25015.813154523.25412.26818.914186227.90514.68522.635227834.10617.810227.59625.89439.9971812227.9072711341.8581914129.4582813243.4092016031.00928.715144.49102117932.55103017046.501121.519933.331132.518850.38122221834.101233207512013332275175143424652.70152627440.30153626455.80162629440.301637.52835830173830258.90182633440.301838.332259.37192635440.301938.83416030204036062.00212639440.30214237865.10222641440.302243.139766.81232643440.30234441668.20242645440.302444.643569.13續(xù)表3 直接剪切試驗(yàn)記錄表儀器編 手輪轉(zhuǎn)4 轉(zhuǎn)/min應(yīng)變?nèi)ο禂?shù)K 1.550 kPa/0.01mm第2頁垂直壓力p 300kPa垂直壓力p400kPa剪切歷時(shí) 6分 0秒剪切歷時(shí) 6分0秒抗剪強(qiáng)度 89.59kPa抗剪強(qiáng)度110.83kPa手輪轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)百分表讀數(shù)（R）剪切位移（△L）剪應(yīng)力（）手輪轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)百分表讀數(shù)（R）剪切位移（△L）剪應(yīng)力（R）（n）/0.01mm/0.01mm/kPa（n）/0.01mm/0.01mm/kPa①②20①-②K②①②20①-②K②191113.95191113.952162424.802172326.35321.23932.863263440.30424.15637.364295144.95527.17342.015326849.60634.58653.486368455.80734.710553.7973910160.4583512554.2584311766.65937.214357.6694513569.751038.716159.99104715372.851140.518062.78114917175.951242.119865.26125218880.60134321766.65135320782.151445.223570.06145622486.80154725372.851556.224487.11164827274.40165826289.90174929175.95175928191.451850.431078.12186030093.00195132979.05196331797.65205334782.152065335100.752153.236782.462166354102.30225438683.702267.5373104.632354.740584.792369391106.952457.842289.592471.5409110.83Pk/度強(qiáng)剪抗垂直壓力p/kPa圖5抗剪強(qiáng)度與垂直壓力關(guān)系曲線黏聚力c= 17.114 kPa 內(nèi)摩擦角 = 13.31 °（三）思考與分析快剪、固結(jié)快剪、慢剪有什么區(qū)別？試舉例說明快剪指標(biāo)的適用范圍？試分析應(yīng)變式直剪儀的主要優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)和可能造成誤差的原因？12PAGEPAGE17試驗(yàn)五三軸壓縮試驗(yàn)（一）三軸壓縮試驗(yàn)記錄試驗(yàn)日2013/5/19

土樣編

班組 姓名不固結(jié)不排水三軸壓縮試驗(yàn)記錄表 第1頁0 0 試樣直徑d= 3.91 cm 試樣高度h= 8 cm 試樣面積A= 12.007 cm0 0 試樣體積V= 96.056試樣質(zhì)量m= g 試樣密= g/cm30 0 03測力計(jì)系數(shù)C= 13.4 N/0.01mm 剪切速率 mm/min 周圍壓= 100 kPa3軸向荷重軸向荷重軸向變形軸向 校正后 軸應(yīng)變 主應(yīng)力差應(yīng)變 試樣面積 應(yīng)力/N/0.01mm/%減量 //cm2a/kPa序 /號(hào) R

P=CR

h1 h0

11

A0 A 1 10 A 1

P/111130.30.003750.996312.052211.1183059911.11830622270.60.00750.992512.0977322.152910822.152910832270.90.011250.988812.1436222.0692096322.069209643401.20.0150.985012.1898532.9782626832.978262753401.50.018750.981312.2364332.8527109232.852710964541.80.02250.977512.2833843.6362122143.636212274.5602.10.026250.973812.3306848.9024110948.902411185672.40.030.970012.3783554.1267593954.1267594956730.03750.962512.4748153.7082535253.7082535106803.60.0450.955012.5727763.9476971863.9476972116804.20.05250.947512.672363.4454901363.4454901126804.80.060.940012.773462.9432830862.9432831137945.40.06750.932512.8761472.8479220572.847922147.510160.0750.925012.9805477.4235862477.42358621581076.60.08250.917513.0866581.9155492681.91554931681077.20.090.910013.1945181.2459398781.245939917181920212223241.不固結(jié)不排水三軸壓縮試驗(yàn)記錄表1.不固結(jié)不排水三軸壓縮試驗(yàn)記錄表第2頁試樣直徑d= 3.91 cm 試樣高度h=0 0試樣體積V= 96.056試樣質(zhì)量m=8cmg試樣面積A0= 12.007試樣密度=cm2g/cm33測力計(jì)系數(shù)C= 13.4 N/0.01mm 剪切速率 mm/min 周圍壓= 200 kPa3軸向荷重軸向荷重軸向變形軸向 校正后 軸應(yīng)變 主應(yīng)力差應(yīng)變 試樣面積 應(yīng)力/N/0.01mm/%減量 /kP/cm2a/kPa序 /號(hào) R

P=CR

1 h0

11

A0 A 1 10 A 1

P/111.5200.30.003750.996312.052216.677459216.67745922.5340.60.00750.992512.0977327.6911385227.69113933400.90.011250.988812.1436233.1038144233.10381444541.20.0150.985012.1898543.9710169243.97101754541.50.018750.981312.2364343.8036146243.80361565671.80.02250.977512.2833854.5452653254.54526575672.10.026250.973812.3306854.3360123254.33601285.5742.40.030.970012.3783559.5394353259.539435968030.03750.962512.4748164.4499042264.449904106803.60.0450.955012.5727763.9476972263.947697116.5874.20.05250.947512.672368.7326143268.732614127944.80.060.940012.773473.4338303273.43383137945.40.06750.932512.8761472.847922272.84792214810760.0750.925012.9805482.5851587282.585159158.51146.60.08250.917513.0866587.0352711287.0352711691217.20.090.910013.1945191.4016824291.40168217181920212223241.1.不固結(jié)不排水三軸壓縮試驗(yàn)記錄表3頁試樣直徑d= 3.91cm 試樣高度h=0 0試樣體積V= 96.056試樣質(zhì)量m=8cmgA0=12.007cm2g/cm33測力計(jì)系數(shù)C= 13.4 N/0.01mm 剪切速率 mm/min 周圍壓= 300 kPa3軸向軸向軸向軸向軸向 校正后 軸向應(yīng)變 主應(yīng)力差荷重變形應(yīng)變試樣面積應(yīng)力序 //N號(hào) 0.01mm

/0.01mm

減量/%

/cm2A 00

/kPa

/kPaR P=

1 h0

11

A 11

1

P/112270.30.003750.996312.052222.236612322.23661222270.60.00750.992512.0977322.152910832290.011250.988812.1436233.1038144333.10381445671.20.0150.985012.1898554.9637711354.96377157941.50.018750.981312.2364376.6563255376.65632567941.80.02250.977512.2833876.3633714376.363371781072.10.026250.973812.3306886.9376197386.9376289.51272.40.030.970012.37835102.840843402.84084391013430.03750.962512.47481107.416507407.41650710111473.60.0450.955012.57277117.237445417.23744511121614.20.05250.947512.6723126.89098426.8909812121614.80.060.940012.7734125.886566425.88656613131745.40.06750.932512.87614135.288998435.288998141317460.0750.925012.98054134.200883434.20088315131746.60.08250.917513.08665133.112768433.11276816131747.20.090.910013.19451132.024652432.0246521718192021222324不固結(jié)不排水三軸壓縮試驗(yàn)記錄表第4頁0 0 試樣直徑d= 3.91 cm 試樣高度h= 8 cm 試樣面積A=12.007 cm0 0 試樣體積V= 96.056試樣質(zhì)量m= g 試樣密= g/cm30 0 03測力計(jì)系數(shù)C= 13.4 N/0.01mm 剪切速率 mm/min 周圍壓= 400 kPa3軸向荷重軸向荷重軸向變形軸向 校正后 軸應(yīng)變 主應(yīng)力差應(yīng)變 試樣面積 應(yīng)力/N/0.01mm/%減量 /kP/cm2a/kPa序 /號(hào) R

P=CR

1 h0

11

A A0 101

1

P/113400.30.003750.996312.052233.354918433.35491824.3580.60.00750.992512.0977347.6287582447.62875835.9790.90.011250.988812.1436265.1041684465.104168481071.20.0150.985012.1898587.9420338487.942034591211.50.018750.981312.2364398.5581328498.5581336101341.80.02250.977512.28338109.090531509.0905317111472.10.026250.973812.33068119.539227519.5392278111472.40.030.970012.37835119.078871519.07887191216130.03750.962512.47481128.899808528.8