閱讀理解專題-推理判斷題

..下載可編輯..下載可編輯2015年閱讀理解專題-推理判斷題一.考綱解讀：設(shè)題角度：(1)細(xì)節(jié)推斷題.推斷隱含意義.推斷作者觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度.推斷寫(xiě)作目的.推斷文章出處.推斷上下文內(nèi)容等4.設(shè)問(wèn)方式：Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.Fromthetextweknow/learn(about)that…ismostlikelyThewriter'sattitudetoward???is.Thewriter'spurposeofwritingthispassageisto.Thepassageimpliesthat.Inwritingthepassage,theauthorintendsto.Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?Thenextparagraphwouldmostprobablydealwith二.技巧點(diǎn)撥1.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇關(guān)系，推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)，如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物關(guān)系、人物身份、事件、具體信息等一般可根據(jù)短文提供的信息，或結(jié)合生活常識(shí)來(lái)推斷①要吃透文章的字面意思，捕捉有用的提示和線索②對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行挖掘加工，進(jìn)行深層處理，符合邏輯地推理。③要忠工于原文，以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)。立足已知，推斷未知?！绢}例11InSeptember,1940,mymother,sisterandIwenttoSwansea,wheremyfather'sshipwasgettingreadytosail,webroughthimafamilyphotographtobekeptwithhimatalltimesandkeephimsafe. (2011?湖南卷B篇) (1.5分WecaninferthatthemotherandchildrenwenttoSwansea.A.tomeetafriend B.toseethefatheroffC.totakeafamilyphoto D.toenjoythesailingoftheship【題例2]Understandingwhymembersofherfamilyandherfriendswouldbethere,ATaskedwhyherdanceteacherhadtraveledsofartoseehercompete( 比賽).“She'salwaysbeenmyrolemodel.I'vedancedwithhersinceIwassix.She'sbeenthroughsomanydifficultiesandcamethroughthemall.I'velearnedtogetoverbadlife'sexperiencesandlearnedhowtomoveonbecauseofher. ”(thefourthparagraph)(2012?全國(guó)大綱卷E篇) (2分鐘)57.ShelleytakesherdanceteachersasarolemodelmainlybecausesheisA.determined B.friendly

C.strictD.experiencedC.strict2.隱含意義題這類題目往往要求考生根據(jù)文章的某個(gè)句子、段落或全文所提供的事實(shí)進(jìn)行邏輯推理，推斷出作者沒(méi)有提到的或者沒(méi)有明說(shuō)的事實(shí)或者可能發(fā)生的事情。這類試題的題干中常含infer,suggest,imply,indicate,conclude,belikelyto等詞語(yǔ)?！绢}例1]IgrewupinahousewheretheTVwasseldomturnedonandwithonewallinmybedroomentirelylinedwithbookshelves ,andmostofmychildhoodwasspentonbooksIcouldgetholdof.Infact ,Igrewupthinkingofreadingasnaturalasbreathingandbooksunbelievablypowerfulinshapingperspectives（觀點(diǎn)）bycreatingworldswecouldstepinto ,takepartinandlivein.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthorasachild?A.HeneverwatchedTV. B.Hereadwhathehadto.C.Hefoundreadingunbelievable. D.Heconsideredreadingpartofhislife.【題例2】Ayearaftergraduation,Iwasofferedapositionteachingawritingclass.TeachingwasaprofessionIhadneverseriouslyconsidered,thoughseveralofmystorieshadbeenpublished.Iacceptedthejobwithouthesitation,asitwouldallowmetowearatieandgobythenameofMr.Davis.Myfatherwentbythesamename,andIlikedtoimaginepeoplegettingthetwo ofusconfused. "Waitaminute"someonemightsay,“areyoutalkingaboutMr.Davistheretiredman,orMr.Davistherespectablescholar?”Thepositionwasofferedatthelastminute,andIwasgiventwoweekstoprepare,aperiodIspentsearchingforbriefcase（ 公文包）andstandingbeforemyfull-lengthmirror,repeatingthewords, “Hello,class.I'mMr.Davis.”SometimesIwouldgivemyselfanaggressivevoice.SometimesIwouldsoundexperienced.Butwhenthedayeventuallycame,mynerveskickedinandthetrueMr.Daviswasthere.Isoundednotlikeathoughtfulprofessor,butrathera12-year-oldboy.Iarrivedintheclassroomwithpapercardsdesignedintheshapeofmapleleaves.Ihadcutthemmyselfoutoforangeconstructionpaper.Isawninestudentsalongalongtable.Ihandedoutthecards,andthestudentswrotedowntheirnamesandfastenedthemtotheirbreastpocketsasIrequired.“Allrightthen,"Isaid."Okey,herewego."ThenIopenedmybriefcaseandrealizedthatIhadneverthoughtbeyondthismoment.Ihadbeenthinkingthatthestudentswouldbethefirsttotalk,offeringtheirthoughtsandopinionsontheeventsoftheday.IhadimaginedthatIwouldsitattheedgeofthedesk,overlookingaforestsofhands.Everystudentwouldyell.“Calmdown,you'llallgetyourturn.Oneatatime,oneatatime! ”Aterriblesilenceruledtheroom,andseeingnootheropinions,Iinspectedthestudentstopullouttheirnotebooksandwriteabriefessayrelatedtothethemeofdeepdisappointment.Theauthortookthejobtoteachwritingbecause.A.hewantedtobeexpected B.hehadwrittensomestoriedC.hewantedtopleasehisfather D.hehaddreamedofbeingateacherWhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromParagraph2?Hewouldbeaggressiveinhisfirstclass.Hewaswell-preparedforhisfirstclass.Hegotnervousuponthearrivalofhisfirstclass.Hewaitedlongforthearrivalofhisfirstclass.Beforehestartedhisclass,theauthoraskedthestudentsto.writedowntheirsuggestionsonthepapercardscutmapleleavesoutoftheconstructionpapercutsomecardsoutoftheconstructionpaperwritedowntheirnamesonthepapercardsWhatdidthestudentsdowhentheauthorstartedhisclass?A.Theybegantotalk. B.Theystayedsilent.C.Theyraisedtheirhands. D.Theyshoutedtobeheard.Theauthorchosethecompositiontopicprobablybecause.hegotdisappointedwithhisfirstclasshehadpreparedthetopicbeforeclasshewantedtocalmdownthestudentshethoughtitwasaneasytopic.態(tài)度判斷題這類題目一般分為兩類：一是作者或文中人物對(duì)某一具體事物的觀點(diǎn)、看法；另一類是作者或文中人物對(duì)另一人物的評(píng)價(jià)。解答時(shí)要根據(jù)作者在文中的措辭來(lái)推斷作者的弦外之音，尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞等。另外還要兼顧全文，不能以作者或文中人物在某句話或某段落中的態(tài)度來(lái)概括其在全文中的態(tài)度，而是應(yīng)當(dāng)進(jìn)行綜合、歸納，得出最終結(jié)論?！绢}例2】Moderninventionshavespeededuppeople'slivesamazingly.Motorcarscoverahundredmilesinlittlemorethananhour ,aircraftcrosstheworldinsideaday,whilecomputersoperateatlightningspeed.Indeed ,thisloveofspeedseemsnever-ending.Everyyearmotorcarsareproducedwhichgoevenfasterandeachnewcomputerboasts（吹噓）ofsavingprecioussecondsinhandlingtasks.Allthissavestime,butataprice.Whenweloseorgainhalfadayinspeedingacrosstheworldinanairplane,ourbodiestellusso.Wegettheuncomfortablefeelingknownasjet-lag；ourbodiesfeelthattheyhavebeenleftbehindinanothertimezone.Again,spendingtoolongatcomputersresultsinpainfulwristsandfingers.Mobilephonesalsohavetheirdangers ,accordingtosomescientists;toomuchusemaytransmitharmfulradiationintoourbrains,aconsequencewedonotliketothinkabout.However,whatdowedowiththetimewehavesaved?Certainlynotrelax,orsoitseems.Wearesoaccustomedtoconstantactivitythatwefinditdifficulttositanddonothing,orevenjustonethingatatime.Perhapsthedaysarelonggonewhenwemightlistenquietlytoastoryontheradio ,lettingimaginationtakeusintoanotherworld. (5分鐘)70.WhatistheauthorA.Critical.C.Optimistic.總結(jié)：說(shuō)明文中作者的態(tài)度objective70.WhatistheauthorA.Critical.C.Optimistic.總結(jié)：說(shuō)明文中作者的態(tài)度objective(在議論文中，有：(1)positive((3)neutral((4)approva((6)indifferen((8)critical((9)optimistic(sattitudetowardsthemoderntechnology?B.Objective.D.Negative.);neutral( );)(2)negative()) (5)disapproval ()⑺sarcastic ())(10)pessimistic()))).意圖推斷題寫(xiě)作目的通常有以下三種：常見(jiàn)于故事類的文章:tomakepeoplelaugh(toentertain);totellaninterestingexperience常見(jiàn)于廣告類的文章:tosellaproductoraservice;toattractmorevisitors/readers/audience(tointroduce)ToinformreadersHaveyouwinterizedyourhorseyet?Eventhoughglobalwarmingmayhavemadeourclimatemoremild,manyanimalsarestillhibernating(冬眠).It'stoobadthathumanscan'thibernate.Infact,asaspecies,wealmostdid.Playingwithyoursleeprhythmscanbeadventurous,asanxietymaysetin.Medicalsciencedoesn'thelpmuchinthiscase.Itoffers usmedicinesforafullnight'scontinuoussleep,whichsoundsnatural;however,accordingtoWarren'stheory,itisreallytheoppositeofwhatweneed.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toanalyzethesleeppatternofmodernpeople.B.Tothrownewlightonhumansleep.C.Togiveaprescriptionforinsomnia. D.Tourgepeopletosleepless.5.推斷文章出處【題例】Doyoualwaysunderstandthedirectionsonabottleofmedicine?Doyouknowwhatismeantby “Takeonlyasdirected?”Readthefollowingdirectionsandseeifyouunderstandthem.Toreducepain,taketwotabletswithwater,followedbyonetableteveryeighthours,asrequired.Fornight-timeandearlymorningrelieftaketwotabletsatbedtime.Donottakemorethansixtabletsintwenty-fourhours.Forchildrensixtotwelveyearsold,givehalftheamount.Forchildrenundersixyearsold,askyourdoctor sadvice.Reducetheamountifyousufferfromrestlessnessorsleeplessnessaftertakingthemedicine.Thistextismostprobablytakenfroma.A.textbook B.newsreel C. doctor'snotebookD.bottleofmedicine6.推斷上下文內(nèi)容Questionforms:ThenextparagraphwouldmostprobablydealwithTheparagraphprecedingthisonewouldmostlikelydiscuss.2.解題技巧推測(cè)下文的內(nèi)容：根據(jù)作者的思路進(jìn)行推理推測(cè)上文的內(nèi)容：關(guān)注第一段，特別是文段開(kāi)始的幾句話?！绢}例】Whenearlyhumanshuntedandgatheredfood,theywerenotincontroloftheirenvironment.Theycouldonlyinteractwiththeirsurroundingsaslowerorganismsdid.Whenhumanslearnedtomakefire,however,theybecamecapableofalteringtheirenvironment.Toprovidethemselveswithfueltheystrippedbarkfromtrees,causingthetreestodie. Clearingswereburnedinforests toincreasethegrowthofgrassandtoprovideagreatergrazingareaforthewildanimalsthathumansfedupon.This developmentled tofarmingandthedomesticationofanimals.Firealsoprovidedthemeansforcookingplantswhichhadpreviouslybeeninedible.Onlywhentheprocessofmeetingthebasicneedforfoodreachedacertainlevelofsophisticationwasitpossibleforhumanstofollowotherpursuitssuchasthefoundingofcities.Theparagraphfollowingthispassagewouldmostlikelybeabout.A.fire B.hunting C.farmingD.urbanization （城市化）總結(jié).推斷隱含意義，必須吃透相關(guān)文段的意思。.推斷作者的寫(xiě)作意圖，應(yīng)當(dāng)關(guān)注主題句，同時(shí)把握文章的體裁也可以推斷作者的寫(xiě)作目的.推斷作者的觀點(diǎn)，應(yīng)當(dāng)全面理解文章的內(nèi)容及文章的中心思想。.推斷下文的內(nèi)容，必須特別關(guān)注最后一段的內(nèi)容，尤其是最后的兩三句話?！菊骖}演練*2014全國(guó)課標(biāo)I]BPassengerpigeons（旅鴿）onceflewovermuchoftheUnitedStatesinunbelievablenumbers.Writtenaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturiesdescribedflocks（群）solargethattheydarkenedtheskyforhours.Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpoint,thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons—anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates,makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdintheworld.Evenaslateas1870whentheirnumbershadalreadybecomesmaller,aflockbelievedtobe1milewideand320miles（about515kilometers）longwasseennearCincinnati.Sadly,theabundanceofpassengerpigeonsmayhavebeentheirundoing.Wherethebirdsweremostabundant,peoplebelievedtherewasanever-lastingsupplyandkilled thembythethousands.Commercialhuntersattractedthemtosmallclearingswithgrain,waiteduntilpigeonshadsettledtofeed,thenthrewlargenetsoverthem,taking hundredsatatime.Thebirdswereshippedtolargecitiesandsoldinrestaurants.Bytheclosingdecadesofthe19thcentury,thehardwoodforestswherepassengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericans'needforwood,whichscattered（當(dāng)區(qū)散）theflocksandforcedthebirdstogofarthernorth,wherecoldtemperaturesandspring stormscontributedtotheirdecline. Soonthegreatflocksweregone,nevertobeseenagain.In1897,thestate ofMichiganpassedalawprohibiting thekillingofpassengerpigeons,butbythen,nosizableflockshadbeenseeninthestatefor10years.ThelastconfirmedwildpigeonintheUnitedStateswasshotbyaboyinPikeCounty,Ohio,in1900.Foratime,afewbirdssurvivedunderhumancare.Thelastofthem,knownaffectionatelyasMartha,diedattheCincinnatiZoologicalGardenonSeptember1,1914.Inthe18thandearly19thcenturies,passengerpigeons.werethebiggestbirdintheworldlivedmainlyinthesouthofAmericadidgreatharmtothenaturalenvironmentwerethelargestbirdpopulationintheUSTheunderlinedword“undoing"probablyreferstothepigeons'.A.escape B.ruin C.liberation D.evolutionWhatwasthemainreasonforpeopletokillpassengerpigeons?A.Toseekpleasure.B.Tosaveotherbirds.C.Tomakemoney. D.Toprotectcrops.WhatcanweinferaboutthelawpassedinMichigan?A.Itwasignoredbythepublic. B. Itwasdeclaredtoolate.C.Itwasunfair. D.Itwasstrict.【真題演練*2014全國(guó)課標(biāo)II]COneofthelatesttrend（趨勢(shì)） inAmericanChildcareisChineseaupairs.OneofthelatesttrendAuPairinStamford,forexample,hasgotincreasingnumbersofrequestforChineseaupairsfromaerotoaround4,000since2004.Andthat'strueallacrossthecountry.“IthoughtitwouldbeusefulforhimtolearnChineseatanearlyage ”JosephStocke,themanagingdirectorofscompany,saysofhis2-yearoldson.“Iwouldatleastliketogivehimthechancetousethelanguageinthefuture,"Afteronlysixmonthsofbeingcaredby25 -year-oldwomanfromChina,theboycanalreadyunderstandbasicChinesedailyexpressions,hisdadsays.LiDrake,aChinesenativeraisingtwochildreninMinnesotawithanAmericanhusband,hadanotherreasonforlook