2023考研英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句-100句打卡講義

學(xué)習(xí)說(shuō)明:本材料句子均來(lái)自考研英語(yǔ)（一）、（二）真題。目的在于提升詞匯量與長(zhǎng)難句分析的能力。請(qǐng)大家先閱讀每句話下面的必背生詞與中文翻譯，然后填空。填空時(shí)，部分單詞需要變形。填空后，請(qǐng)?jiān)凇敖馕觥辈糠珠喿x原句和長(zhǎng)難句分析。祝大家：考上！l.Thecompany,amajorenergyinNewEngland,justifiedinVermontlastweekwhenitannounceditwasalongstandingtoabidebythestate'sstrictnuclearregulations.必背生詞outrage:afeelingofgreatanger(n.)憤怒renegeon：tonottodosthyouhavepromised違背commitment:apromisetodosth(n.)承諾renegeon違背supplier[sa'plair]供貨商voke[p田vouk]弓|發(fā)，弓|起v.參考翻譯上周，新英格蘭地區(qū)一家主要能源供應(yīng)商宣布要違背之前的一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期承諾，不再該遵守州嚴(yán)格的核能法令，這一舉動(dòng)引發(fā)了Vermont州合乎情理的民憤。解析：Thecompany,amajorenergysupplierinNewEngland,provokedjustifiedoutrageinVermontlastweekwhenitannounceditwasrenegingonalongstandingcommitmenttoabidebythestatedstrictnuclearregulations.句型結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合句逐步分析主句：Thecompany主語(yǔ)，amajorenergysupplierinNewEngland主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)，provoked謂語(yǔ)justifiedoutrage賓語(yǔ)inVermontlastweek狀語(yǔ)When定從it主語(yǔ)announced謂語(yǔ)省略了that的賓從it主語(yǔ)wasrenegingon謂語(yǔ)alongstandingcommitment賓語(yǔ)toabidebythestate'sstrictnuclearregulation后置定語(yǔ)整句翻譯：上周，新英格蘭地區(qū)一家主要能源供應(yīng)商宣布要違背之前的一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期承諾，不再該遵守州嚴(yán)格的核能法令，這一舉動(dòng)引發(fā)了Vermonl州合乎情理的民憤。Butwhatitmeanstobeagoodparentisveryparticularlysincechildrendifferentlytothesamestyleofparenting.必背生詞respond[ri'spand]回應(yīng)v.define|difain]tosayorexplainwhatthemeaningofawordorphraseis斗崎、(vt.)undoubtedly[Andautidli]withcertainty毫無(wú)疑問地、毋席置疑地(adv.)tricky['triki]difficulttodoordealwith棘手的、困難的、難對(duì)付的、狡猾的(adj.)整句翻譯然而，界定“好家長(zhǎng)”的內(nèi)涵無(wú)疑是非常困難的，因?yàn)楹⒆觽儗?duì)于同一種教育方式的反應(yīng)是不同的。解析Butdefiningwhatitmeanstobeagoodparentisundoubtedlyverytrickyparticularlysincechildrenresponddifferentlytothesamestyleofparenting.句型結(jié)構(gòu)：復(fù)合句主句主語(yǔ)（動(dòng)名詞+賓從句）+主句系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)+since原因狀語(yǔ)從句逐步分析主句框架：defining istricky.（主系表結(jié)構(gòu)）defining[whatitmeanstobeagoodparent]what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作本句主語(yǔ)defining的賓語(yǔ)，從而這一部分整體作為主句的主語(yǔ)部分存在；since引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，在這一從句部分中，children為主語(yǔ)，respondto為謂語(yǔ)，thesamestyle賓語(yǔ)ofparenting定語(yǔ)，differently副詞用以修飾謂語(yǔ)。整句翻譯然而，界定“好家長(zhǎng)”的內(nèi)涵無(wú)疑是非常困難的，因?yàn)楹⒆觽儗?duì)于同一種教育方式的反應(yīng)是不同的。ForyearsandheadhuntershavetherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbe.必背生詞executive:apersonorgroupofpersonshavingadministrativeorsupervisoryauthorityinanorganization.poach:totakewithoutpermissionanduseasone'sown:topoachideas;astaffpoachedfromothercompanies.adhereto堅(jiān)持主句翻譯多年來(lái)，高管們和獵頭們都堅(jiān)持這個(gè)原則：最有吸引力的CEO候選人是那些只能被挖來(lái)（的人）。解析ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.句型結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合句逐步分析Foryearsexecutivesandheadhunters主句主語(yǔ)haveadheredto謂語(yǔ)therule賓語(yǔ)thal同位語(yǔ)從句themostattractiveCEOcandidates主語(yǔ)aretheones系表結(jié)構(gòu)作謂語(yǔ)who定語(yǔ)從句，（who作從句主語(yǔ)）mustbepoached謂語(yǔ).參考翻譯多年來(lái)，高管們和獵頭們都堅(jiān)持這個(gè)原則：最有吸引力的CEO候選人是那些只能被挖來(lái)（的人）。However,eventhoughitiscommon,itistokeepinmindthatinasinglemomentof,youcansaysomethingtoyourchildthatyoumayforalongtime.必背生詞fatigue[fb*ti:gjafeelingofbeingextremelytired,usuallybecauseofhardworkorexercise疲勞、勞累（n.）regret[ri'gret]tofeelsorryaboutsthyouhavedoneoraboutsththatyouhavenotbeenabletodo后悔、對(duì)…感到遺憾/痛惜（vt.）//痛惜、懊悔、遺憾、失望（n.）vital:至關(guān)重要的a.前面的something）you主mayregret謂（foralongtime狀）整句翻譯然而，盡管這種情況很普遍，但仍需謹(jǐn)記，在身心俱疲的那一瞬間很可能會(huì)對(duì)孩子說(shuō)出一些讓自己后悔良久的話。解析However,eventhoughitiscommon,itisvitaltokeepinmindthatinasinglemomentoffatigue,youcansaysomethingtoyourchildthatyoumayregretforalongtime.句型結(jié)構(gòu)：復(fù)合句逐步分析However,eventhough引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句itiscommon為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)本句主句it形式主語(yǔ)isvital系表結(jié)構(gòu)作謂語(yǔ)tokeepinmind真正的主語(yǔ)that賓從（inasinglemomentoffatigue狀語(yǔ)），you主cansay謂somethingtoyourchild賓that定從（修飾前面的something）you主mayregret謂（foralongtime狀）Thatisbecausetheyputthecostsofcleaningtheairontoindividualdriverswhomustpayfeesorbuybetterratherthanontothecarwhosecheatingistherealcauseofourpollution.必背單詞vehicle['viik(a)l1車輛，工具n.inevitably[Inevitabli]ifsomethingwillinevitablyhappen,itiscertaintohappenandcannotbepreventedoravoided.不可避免地、必然地(adv.)manufacturer[,m^enjufaektjara(r)|apersonorcompanythatproducesgoodsinlargequantities生產(chǎn)者、制造者、生產(chǎn)商(n.)toxic['toksik[containingpoisonorpoisonous有毒的、引起中毒的(adj.)整句翻譯因?yàn)檫@些措施不可避免地將清潔空氣的成本加諸于司機(jī)個(gè)人而不是加諸于汽車生產(chǎn)商，即司機(jī)必須為空氣污染付費(fèi)或者買更好的車，而生產(chǎn)商的舞弊行為才是造成空氣嚴(yán)重污染的真正原因。解析Thatisbecausetheyinevitablyputthecostsofcleaningtheairontoindividualdriverswhomustpayfeesorbuybettervehiclesratherthanontothecarmanufacturerswhosecheatingistherealcauseofourtoxicpollution.主句：that主句主語(yǔ)is主句系動(dòng)詞because because引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句用以解釋原因。表語(yǔ)從句：they主語(yǔ)，pul謂語(yǔ)，thecostsofcleaningtheair賓語(yǔ)，ontoindividualdrivers賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)主語(yǔ)Lratherthan連詞,ontothecarmanufacturers賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)2；賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)[individualdrivers后whomustpayfeesorbuybettervehicles中，who引導(dǎo)詞作主語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾限定先行詞individualdrivers,mustpayorbuy謂語(yǔ)，feesorvehicles賓部部分；賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)2carmanufacturers后whosecheatingistherealcauseofourtoxicpollution中，whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，whosecheating主語(yǔ)，isiherealcause表語(yǔ)ofoureoxicpoHution系表結(jié)構(gòu)。Amoregoalistotry,tothebestofyourability,tobeasandasyoucanwhenfacedwithtryingsituationsyourchildren.必背單詞involve[In'valv]需要、涉及v.practical['praektikljrightorsensible;likelytobesuccessful;usefulorsuitable切實(shí)可行的、有用的、實(shí)際的(adj.)tolerant['tobront]abletoacceptwhatotherpeoplesayordoevenifyoudonotagreewithit忍受的、寬容的、容忍的、忍讓的(adj.)compose[kampauz]tocombinetogethertoformawhole;towritemusicorpoem組成、構(gòu)成、作曲、創(chuàng)作、寫作(vt.)整句翻譯設(shè)定一個(gè)更實(shí)際的目標(biāo)，即當(dāng)你面對(duì)涉及到孩子的難以控制的情形時(shí)，盡可能的保持寬容和淡定。解析：Amorepracticalgoalistotry,tothebestofyourability,tobeastolerantandcomposedasyoucanwhenfacedwithtryingsituationsinvolvingyourchildren.句型結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合句逐步分析amorepractical用以形容goal,goal主語(yǔ)istotry…為此句中的核心框架,is系動(dòng)詞，totry動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)；tobethebestofyourability這--獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)作為插入語(yǔ)，位置相對(duì)靈活。tobeastolerantandcomposedasyoucan作為try的賓語(yǔ)，其中as....assbcan結(jié)構(gòu)表示“盡可能…”，省略號(hào)部分可添加形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)；whenfacedwithtryingsituations中when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，involvingyourchildren作situations的后置定語(yǔ)，用于限定場(chǎng)景類型；TheycouldstillFourthAmendmentprotectionswhenfacing,urgent,andtheycouldtakemeasurestoensurethatphonedataarenoterasedoralteredwhilewaitingfora_.必背生詞severe嚴(yán)重的a.invalidate[Invaelidelt]vt.使無(wú)效、證明是錯(cuò)誤的circumstance['s3：rkamsta^ns)n.環(huán)境、狀況、情形reasonable['ri：znabl]adj.合理的、公道的、通情達(dá)理的warrant['wDrant]n.授權(quán)、正當(dāng)理由、委任狀、證據(jù)、證明vt.保證、擔(dān)保參考翻譯：他們?nèi)匀豢梢栽趪?yán)重和緊急的情況下讓第四修正案不具有效力，也可以采取合理手段保證在等待授權(quán)的時(shí)間里手機(jī)上的數(shù)據(jù)不被刪除或修改。解析：TheycouldstillinvalidateFourthAmendmentprotectionswhenfacingsevere,urgentcircumstances,andtheycouldtakereasonablemeasurestoensurethatphonedataarenoterasedoralteredwhilewaitingforawarrant.整句結(jié)構(gòu)：復(fù)合句逐步分析They為主語(yǔ)，couldinvalidate為“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)作謂語(yǔ)，F(xiàn)ourthAmendmentprotections作為賓語(yǔ)部分；情況下whenfacingsevere,urgentcircumstances為when引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，即表示“在情況下（whentheyface,主句和從句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，可以省略從句的主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞）and為并列連詞，連接主句2,其中they為主語(yǔ)，couldtake為“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)作謂語(yǔ)，reasonablemeasures賓語(yǔ)部分，toensure目的狀語(yǔ)；賓從thatphonedata主語(yǔ)arenoterasedoraltered謂語(yǔ)部分while時(shí)間狀從，waitingforawarrant（whiletheyarewaitingforawarrant,主句和從句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，可以省略從句的主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞）Thepotentialoftoday'stechnology,anditssocial,isdazzlingly,andit'sperhapsbestlefttosciencefictionwritersandtoexplorethemanypossibilitiesthatwecanenvisage.必背生詞futurologist[,Qu：tfa*rDbd3lst]n.未來(lái)學(xué)家、未來(lái)學(xué)的研究者consequence「kDns工kwans|n.重要性、結(jié)果、推論complicated[komplikeitid]adj.復(fù)雜的、難懂的evolution[,evalu：Jn]n.進(jìn)化參考翻譯如今科技可能出現(xiàn)的進(jìn)步及其帶來(lái)的社會(huì)影響是相當(dāng)復(fù)雜的，也許最好是將我們能想象到的各種可能留給科幻小說(shuō)作者和未來(lái)學(xué)家去探究。解析Thepotentialevolutionoftoday'stechnology,anditssocialconsequences,isdazzlinglycomplicated,andifsperhapsbestlefttosciencefictionwritersandfuturologiststoexplorethemanypossibilitiesthatwecanenvisage.整句結(jié)構(gòu)：并列復(fù)合句逐步分析主句IThepotentialevolution主語(yǔ)oftoday'stechnology定語(yǔ)，anditssocialconsequences插入語(yǔ),isdazzlinglycomplicated謂語(yǔ),主句2andit主語(yǔ)isperhapsbestlefttosciencefictionwritersandfuturologiststoexplorethemanypossibilities系表結(jié)構(gòu)定語(yǔ)從句，thatwe主語(yǔ)canenvisage謂語(yǔ).Assooften,thepastholdsthekeytothefuture:wehavenowenoughofthelong-termpatternsshapingthehistoryoftheplanet,andourspecies,tomakeforecastsaboutthesituationsinwhichourwillfindthemselves.必背生詞Evidence-based|evidons-beist]adj.基于證據(jù)的、有證據(jù)顯示的descendant[disendant）n.子孫、后裔、后代identify[aldentifai]vt.確定、鑒定、識(shí)別、辨認(rèn)參考翻譯：正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣，了解過(guò)去是預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)的關(guān)鍵：我們現(xiàn)在己經(jīng)對(duì)塑造地球歷史和我們物種的長(zhǎng)期模式有了足夠的認(rèn)識(shí)，可以有根據(jù)地預(yù)測(cè)我們的子孫后代會(huì)處于什么情形解析Assooften,thepastholdsthekeytothefuture:wehavenowidentifiedenoughofthelong-termpatternsshapingthehistoryoftheplanet,andourspecies,tomakeevidence-basedforecastsaboutthesituationsinwhichourdescendantswillfindthemselves.句型結(jié)構(gòu):復(fù)合句逐步分析時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，assooften,位置靈活，置于句首；分句1：thepast主語(yǔ)holds謂語(yǔ)thekey賓語(yǔ)tothefuture定語(yǔ)冒號(hào)后的分句2we主語(yǔ)havenowidentified謂語(yǔ)enoughofthelong-termpatterns賓語(yǔ)，shapingthehistoryoftheplanet,andourspecies后置定語(yǔ),tomakeevidence-basedforecastsaboutthesituations目的狀語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句2:inwhich引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，ourdescendants主語(yǔ)willfind謂語(yǔ)themselves賓語(yǔ)ButinhernewbookJointheClub,TinaRosenbergthatpeerpressurecanalsobeapositiveforcethroughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inwhichorganizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgrouptohelpimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheworld.必背生詞dynamics|dai4naemiks]n.動(dòng)力學(xué)、力學(xué)individual[,Indi'vid3uol|adj.個(gè)體的、個(gè)人的、個(gè)別的;n.個(gè)體、個(gè)人contend[kantend]vt.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、斗爭(zhēng)、抗?fàn)帯?zhēng)論參考翻譯：但她在其新書《加入俱樂部》中認(rèn)為，同伴壓力也可以是一種正面的力量，她把這稱為“社會(huì)療法”，各種組織和官員可以善用這種群體動(dòng)態(tài)的力量，幫助個(gè)人改善生活，乃至整個(gè)世界。解析ButinhernewbookJointheClub,TinaRosenbergcontendsthatpeerpressurecanalsobeapositiveforcethroughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inwhichorganizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgroupdynamicstohelpindividualsimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheworld.句型結(jié)構(gòu)：復(fù)合句逐步分析狀語(yǔ)：butinhernewbookJointheClub主句：TinaRosenberg主語(yǔ)contends謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)從句1：thal引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，peerpressure賓從主語(yǔ)canalsobeapositiveforce系表結(jié)構(gòu)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句2:what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，作為through的賓語(yǔ)，she賓從主語(yǔ)calls賓從謂語(yǔ)thesocialcure賓語(yǔ)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：,+inwhich引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中：organizationsandofficials主語(yǔ)useiniuthepowerofgroupdynamics賓語(yǔ)tohelpindividualsimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheworld動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。WhileshowthatBritons"thecountryside5'alongsidetheroyalfamily,ShakespeareandtheNationalHealthService(NHS)aswhatmakethemoftheircountry,thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport.必背生詞rate[reit]v.打分；n.比率poll[paul]n.投票、民意測(cè)驗(yàn)、投票站proudest[praudist]adj.最驕傲的alongside|a,1Dgsald]prep.在…旁邊、與…一起參考翻譯：盡管民意調(diào)查顯示，英國(guó)人將“鄉(xiāng)村''評(píng)為令他們最自豪的事物之一，與皇室家庭、莎士比亞以及英國(guó)國(guó)民健康服務(wù)并駕齊驅(qū)，但這一結(jié)果卻只獲得了有限的政治支持解析：WhilepollsshowthatBritonsrate“thecountryside^^alongsidetheroyalfamily,ShakespeareandtheNationalHealthService(NHS)aswhatmakethemproudestoftheircountry,thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：while連詞，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句部分，polls從句主語(yǔ)show從句謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句：that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，嵌套在讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，Britons賓從主語(yǔ)rate賓從謂語(yǔ)“thecountryside^^alongsidetheroyalfamily,ShakespeareandtheNationalHealthService(NHS)賓語(yǔ)as賓從what主語(yǔ)make謂語(yǔ)them賓語(yǔ)proudestoftheircountry賓補(bǔ)主句：this主語(yǔ)has謂語(yǔ)(limitedpoliticalsupport賓語(yǔ))。SowhatKennedywaswasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodfortheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.必背生詞measure:「mejor]n.措施；v.測(cè)fireferto：參考，涉及，談到解析：SowhatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.主語(yǔ)從句作主句主語(yǔ)SowhatKennedy主語(yǔ)wasreferringto,wasthat系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句，作主句謂語(yǔ)在表語(yǔ)從句中嵌入讓步狀語(yǔ)從句whileGDP主語(yǔ)hasbeenthemostcommonmethod系表結(jié)構(gòu)作表從謂語(yǔ)(formeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations定語(yǔ))asameasure狀語(yǔ)，it表語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)isnolongerenough系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表從謂語(yǔ)參考翻譯因此，肯尼迪的意思是，盡管GDP一直是衡量一個(gè)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)最常用的方法，但其作為一種衡量手段已經(jīng)不太適用了。OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionanddigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeofautomobileuseasanecessityoflifeinthe20th:thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonalofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestoinformationnow.必背生詞establishment[I'staebliJmant)n.確立、確定、制定、設(shè)置、公司、設(shè)施domain[ddU'meln]n.領(lǐng)域、域名、產(chǎn)業(yè)、領(lǐng)地digital[di631tl]adj.數(shù)字的accessibility[ok,sesabihti]n.可得到、易親近、可及性、可達(dá)性virtue['v3rtfu]n.美德，優(yōu)點(diǎn)參考翻譯：法學(xué)教授奧瑞科爾將20世紀(jì)時(shí)確立汽車為生活必須品與21世紀(jì)數(shù)字信息爆發(fā)與可獲得性做了一個(gè)對(duì)比：法官們當(dāng)時(shí)必須為私家車中的個(gè)人空間詳細(xì)地制定一些創(chuàng)新規(guī)則；現(xiàn)在他們必須弄清楚如何將第四修正案用在數(shù)字信息上。解析：OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21"centurywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasavirtualnecessityoflifeinthe20叱thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.OrinKerr主句1主語(yǔ)，alawprofessor定語(yǔ)插入語(yǔ)，compares主句謂語(yǔ)[theexplosionandstaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21century]賓語(yǔ)1with[theestablishmentofthautomobileuseasavirtualnecessityoflifeinthe20]賓語(yǔ)2.核心結(jié)構(gòu)在于：compareAwithB,將A和B作比較用于對(duì)后面內(nèi)容的介紹或解釋分句1:thejustices分句主語(yǔ)had分句謂語(yǔ)tospecifynovelrules賓語(yǔ)for后接定語(yǔ)thenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;分句2:they分句主語(yǔ)mustsortout分句謂語(yǔ)，為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形結(jié)構(gòu)，how引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句作sortout的賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句：theFourthAmendment從句主語(yǔ)appliesto從句謂語(yǔ)digitalinformation從句賓語(yǔ)now.AtissueistheTMT'splannedlocationonMaunaKea,avolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiian'sasthepiko,thattheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.volcano[volkeinau]n.火山connect[kanekt]vt.連接、聯(lián)合、關(guān)聯(lián)dormant[do:mjnt]adj.休眠的、靜止的、睡眠狀態(tài)的參考翻譯：引來(lái)爭(zhēng)議的是TMT計(jì)劃興建的地址位于莫納克亞山，這座休眠火山被夏威夷人尊崇為連接夏威夷和天堂的入口。解析：AtissueistheTMT'splannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiian飛asthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.Atissue表語(yǔ)，is系動(dòng)詞，此處系表結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，且倒裝。theTMT'splannedlocationonMaunaKea作主語(yǔ)；adormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiian'sasthepiko作為插入語(yǔ)，其中worshiped作adormantvolcano的后置定語(yǔ)；that定從指代adormantvolcano作主語(yǔ)，connects謂語(yǔ)，[theHawaiianIslands]賓語(yǔ)1to|theheavens]賓語(yǔ)2,本句核心結(jié)構(gòu)為：connectAtoB,將A與B連接起來(lái)。CallstoalltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.必背詞匯：telescope['tellskdup]n.望遠(yuǎn)鏡vt.使精簡(jiǎn)、使壓縮disassemble diso*sembl]vt.拆卸；拆開astronomy|astrondmi|n.天文學(xué)參考翻譯：那些要求拆除莫納克亞山上所有的望遠(yuǎn)鏡，或者禁止在那兒進(jìn)行未來(lái)發(fā)展的呼聲忽視了一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)：天文學(xué)和夏威夷文化都在尋求關(guān)于“我們是誰(shuí)”“我們從哪里來(lái)”以及“我們要去哪”這些深?yuàn)W問題的答案。解析：CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.Call主語(yǔ)todisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKea,or連詞表選擇，tobanfuturedevelopmentthere兩個(gè)并列選擇的動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ)。ignore主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞thereality主句賓語(yǔ)，that同位語(yǔ)從句：astronomyandHawaiianculture作從句主語(yǔ)seek謂語(yǔ)toanswerbigquestions賓語(yǔ),about介詞whoweare賓語(yǔ)從句1,wherewecomefrom賓語(yǔ)從句2,andwherewearegoing賓語(yǔ)從句3.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsoffromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.必背詞匯：engagement[in'geld3mant|n.參與、婚約、約會(huì)、交戰(zhàn)、諾言perform[pofo:m]vt.執(zhí)行、完成、演奏criteria|kraifctiana|n.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、條件參考翻譯：此次調(diào)查不僅聚焦在GDP上，還涉及健康、教育以及國(guó)民社會(huì)參與度等40多項(xiàng)不同指標(biāo)的衡量，以求對(duì)接受調(diào)查的國(guó)家的表現(xiàn)做一個(gè)更全面的評(píng)估。解析：RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.ratherthan連接，focusingonGDP非謂語(yǔ)over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagement長(zhǎng)主語(yǔ)havebeenmeasured謂語(yǔ)toget目的狀語(yǔ)amoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming賓語(yǔ)，其中of+how弓I導(dǎo)的方式賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中countries為主語(yǔ)，areperforming為系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作謂語(yǔ)。Infactthosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlywiththosewhoshowedothermarkersforhavinghigher.必背詞匯self-esteem自尊，自大n.correspond[.koro^pand]相當(dāng)于，符合v.參考翻譯：有些人認(rèn)為那些提升自身吸引力的照片是真實(shí)的，有些人則為了維護(hù)自尊而指出其他的照片， 事實(shí)上這些人的行為是完全一致的。分析：Infactthosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermarkersforhavinghigherself-esteem.主句Infactthose主語(yǔ)定從1who主語(yǔ)thought謂語(yǔ)賓從thattheimages主語(yǔ)higherudtheattractivenessscale定語(yǔ)（werereal賓從謂語(yǔ)）directlycorresponded主句謂語(yǔ)withthose主句賓語(yǔ)定從2who主語(yǔ)showed謂語(yǔ)othermarkers賓語(yǔ)forhavinghigherself-esteem賓補(bǔ).Facebook,therefore,isaself-enhancer'sparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostphotos,thecreamoftheir,style,beauty,andlifestyle.必背生詞paradise['pero.dais]天堂n.wit[wit]智力ellect['Int（d）l.ekt]智商高的人n.flattering[?flaetarig）奉承的；討好的a.參考翻譯因此，臉書便成為了自我抬升者的天堂。在那里人們可以只分享那些美圖后的漂亮照片，這是他們才智、風(fēng)格、美麗、智慧和生活方式的精華部分。解析：Facebook,therefore,isaself-enhancer^paradise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyle.主句Facebook,therefore,isaself-enhancer'sparadise系表結(jié)構(gòu)作謂語(yǔ)，定從wherepeople主語(yǔ)canshare謂語(yǔ)onlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intelleclandlifestyle.很長(zhǎng)的賓語(yǔ)Theconceptofmanmachineisatleastasoldastheindustrialrevolution,butthisphenomenontendstobemostfeltduringeconomicandrecoveries.必背生詞acutely[^kjutli]強(qiáng)烈地adv.downturn['daun.t3rn]衰退n.recovery[ri'kAvnri]恢復(fù)，復(fù)蘇n.versus[,v3rsos]與…相對(duì)prep（介詞）fragile「fraed^ol]易碎的a.參考翻譯“人機(jī)對(duì)抗''的概念至少可以追溯到工業(yè)革命時(shí)期，但這種現(xiàn)象往往是在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退和脆弱的經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇時(shí)期更能被敏銳地感受到。解析Theconceptofmanversusmachineisatleastasoldastheindustrialrevolution,butthisphenomenontendstobemostacutelyfeltduringeconomicdownturnsandfragilerecoveries.主句ITheconcept主語(yǔ)ofmanversusmachine定語(yǔ)isatleastasoldas主eindustrialrevolution系表結(jié)構(gòu)作謂語(yǔ)，主句2butthisphenomenon主語(yǔ)tendstobemostacutelyfelt謂語(yǔ)部分duringeconomicdownturnsandfragilerecoveries時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Itishardtoforattentionamongmultibillion-poundproject,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocusedelsewhere.必背生詞Infrastructure[1nfro.strAktfor]基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施n.Shove['fav(o)l]鏟n;v.參考翻譯由于很難對(duì)數(shù)十億英鎊的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行關(guān)注，所以他們的注意力就不可避免地被集中于其他地方。分析Itishardtoshoveforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocusedelsewhere.主句1It形式主語(yǔ)ishard謂語(yǔ)to形ove真正的主語(yǔ)forattention作shovel的賓語(yǔ)amongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject狀語(yǔ)，主句2soit形式主語(yǔ)isinevitable謂語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)從句thattheattention主語(yǔ)isfocusedelsewhere系表結(jié)構(gòu)作謂語(yǔ).且這個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句作主句2真正的主語(yǔ)Gapyearexperiencescanlessentheblowwhenitcomestoadjustingtocollegeandbeingthrownintoabrandnewenvironment,makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsandactivitiesratherthan.必背生詞：blunder：astupidorcarelessmistake.n.愚蠢/v.犯愚蠢的錯(cuò)誤Acclimation:theprocessorresultofbecomingaccustomedtoanewclimateortonewconditions,n.適應(yīng)整句翻譯：間隔經(jīng)歷可以減輕由此帶來(lái)的打擊，使他們更易集中精力于學(xué)業(yè)和各類活動(dòng)而不是去解決這些適應(yīng)難題。分析Gapyearexperiencescanlessentheblowwhenitcomestoadjustingtocollegeandbeingthrownintoabrandnewenvironment,makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsandactivitiesratherthanacclimationblunders.整句結(jié)構(gòu):復(fù)合句主句：Gapyearexperiences主語(yǔ)canlessen謂語(yǔ)theblow賓語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句whenitcomestoadjustingtocollegeandbeingthrownintoabrandnewenvironment為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句主干部分,makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsandactivitiesralherthanacclimalionblunders結(jié)果狀語(yǔ).Thecorrelationbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwasparticularlystrongforyoungerfirms,whichtheauthorsto“l(fā)essconfineddecisionmakingprocess''andthepossiblepresenceof“youngerandlessexperiencedmanagerswhoaremorelikelytobeinfluencedby?”必背生詞：sentiment:['sen（t）omont]aviewoforattitudetowardasituationorevent;anopinion.情緒n.thepresenceof存在attribute:[s'tribju：t,'aetrlbju：t]regardsomethingasbeingcausedby（someoneorsomething）.歸因于v.aqualityorfeatureregardedasacharacteristicofsomeoneorsomething.屬性n.整句翻譯：幸福感與投資之間的聯(lián)系在相對(duì)年輕的公司里表現(xiàn)尤為明顯。作者們把這一點(diǎn)歸因于“決策過(guò)程程式化不高”以及“較年輕而缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)的經(jīng)理們更有可能受到情緒的影響”。分析：Thecorrelationbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwasparticularlystrongforyoungerfirms,whichtheauthorsattributeto“l(fā)essconfineddecisionmakingprocess^^andthepossiblepresenceof"youngerandlessexperiencedmanagerswhoaremorelikelytobeinfluencedbysentiment.”主句：Thecorrelation主語(yǔ)betweenhappinessandinvestment定語(yǔ)，修飾correlation/was系動(dòng)詞Darticularlystrongforyoungerfirms表語(yǔ),（系表結(jié)構(gòu)作主句謂語(yǔ)部分）非限制性定從whichtheauthors主語(yǔ)attributeto謂語(yǔ)“l(fā)essconfineddecisionmakingprocess”賓語(yǔ)1（原因1）andthepossiblepresenceofuyoungerandlessexperiencedmanagers賓語(yǔ)2（原因2）定從修飾managers,從句中who主語(yǔ)are系動(dòng)詞morelikelytobeinfluencedbysentiment.^表語(yǔ)（系表結(jié)構(gòu)作從句謂語(yǔ)部分）整句翻譯：幸福感與投資之間的聯(lián)系在相對(duì)年輕的公司里表現(xiàn)尤為明顯。作者們把這一點(diǎn)歸因于“決策過(guò)程程式化不高”以及“較年輕而缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)的經(jīng)理們更有可能受到情緒的影響”。Thefindingsofaresearchhaveshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicallyhigherproductivityand,asaresult,higherstandardsofliving.必背生詞（填詞注意，形容詞需要改為副詞）institution[,insti*tju:Jon]n.社會(huì)公共機(jī)構(gòu);制度，慣例,習(xí)俗radical[,raedikol]a.根本的，基本的;激進(jìn)的consistent[kon'si 始終如一的a.參考翻譯一個(gè)研究機(jī)構(gòu)的研究成果同樣表明所有國(guó)家的工人都可以通過(guò)在崗培訓(xùn)的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)相當(dāng)高的生產(chǎn)率，因此，也就獲得了生活水平的根本改善。解析Thefindingsofaresearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicallyhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.主句Thefindings主語(yǔ)ofaresearchinstitution定語(yǔ)haveconsistentlyshown謂語(yǔ)賓從thatworkers主語(yǔ)inallcountries定語(yǔ)canbetrained謂語(yǔ)onthejob說(shuō)明是哪方面的訓(xùn)練toachieveradicallyhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.狀語(yǔ)TotakethisapproachtotheNewEnglandersnormallymeanstostartwiththePuritans'innovationsandtheirideasaboutthechurch—importantsubjectsthatwemaynotneglect.必背生詞theological[.GioladjIk(a)l]神學(xué)的n.puritanfpjurit(s)n]清教徒的a.；苦行者n.distinctive[di'stlrjktlv]獨(dú)特的a.參考翻譯從這種視角來(lái)研究新英格蘭人通常意味著要從清教徒的神學(xué)變革和他們對(duì)我們不能忽視的教會(huì)重要課題的獨(dú)特見解開始。解析：TotakethisapproachtotheNewEnglandersnormallymeanstostartwiththePuritans'theologicalinnovationsandtheirdistinctiveideasaboutthechurch-importantsubjectsthatwemaynotneglect.主句TotakethisapproachtotheNewEnglandersnormally主語(yǔ)部分means謂語(yǔ)tostartwiththePuritans'theologicalinnovationsandtheirdistinctiveideas賓語(yǔ)aboutthechurch定語(yǔ)—importantsubjects補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明定從thatwe主語(yǔ)maynotneglect謂語(yǔ)Butinkeepingwithourexaminationofsouthernlife,wemayconsiderthePuritansascarriersofEuropeanculture,NewWorldcircumstances.必背生詞intellectual[.Int(d)l'ektfudl]知識(shí)分子n.;智力的a.original[a'nd3an(a)l]原稿n.原創(chuàng)的a.adjustto適應(yīng)參考翻譯但是正好符合我們對(duì)南部智力生活的研究，我們可以把原始的清教徒看作是歐洲文化適應(yīng)新世界環(huán)境的載體。分析Butinkeepingwithourexaminationofsouthernintellectuallife,wemayconsidertheoriginalPuritansascarriersofEuropeanculture,adjustingtoNewWorldcircumstances.Butinkeepingwithourexaminationofsouthernintellectuallife狀語(yǔ)部分，We主語(yǔ)mayconsider謂語(yǔ)theoriginalPuritans賓語(yǔ)ascarriersofEuropeanculture賓補(bǔ)，adjustingtoNewWorldcircumstances說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的狀態(tài).Unfortunately,L.A.Unifiedhasproducedanpolicywhich thatwiththeexceptionofsomeadvancedcourses,homeworkmaynolonger morethan10%ofastudent飛.必背生詞countfor占比academicgrade分?jǐn)?shù)inflexible[InYleksob(n)l]adj.缺乏彈性的；僵化的；固守己見的；死板的mandate['maen.deit]v.授權(quán);強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行n.授權(quán)參考翻譯：不幸的是，洛杉磯聯(lián)合學(xué)區(qū)制定了一項(xiàng)死板的政策：除了一些高等課程，家庭作業(yè)在學(xué)分中所占比例不能超過(guò)10%o解析：Unfortunately,L.A.Unifiedhasproducedaninflexiblepolicywhichmandatesthatwiththeexceptionofsomeadvancedcourses,homeworkmaynolongercountformorethan10%ofastudent'sacademicgrade.主句Unfortunately,L.A.Unified主語(yǔ)hasproduced謂語(yǔ)aninflexiblepolicy賓語(yǔ)定從which主語(yǔ)mandates謂語(yǔ)賓從thatwiththeexceptionofsomeadvancedcourses狀語(yǔ)，homework主語(yǔ)maynolongercountfor謂語(yǔ)morethan10%ofastudent'sacademicgrade賓語(yǔ).Certainly,nohomeworkshouldbethatsludcnlscannol onihoirownorthattheycannotdowithoutexpensiveequipment.必背生詞assign[o'sain]v.指定；指派complete[knrrfplit]v.完成a.完全的；完整的ontheirown靠他們自己參考翻譯誠(chéng)然，老師不應(yīng)該布置一些學(xué)生不能獨(dú)立完成或需要學(xué)生借助昂貴設(shè)備才能完成的作業(yè)。解析Certainly,nohomeworkshouldbeassignedthatstudentscannotcompleteoniheirownorthattheycannotdowithoutexpensiveequipment.主句Certainly,nohomework主語(yǔ)shouldbeassigned謂語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾homework,不是賓從哦thatstudents主語(yǔ)cannotcomDlete謂語(yǔ)ontheirown方式狀語(yǔ)orthat定從2they主語(yǔ)cannotdo謂語(yǔ)withoutexpensiveequipment狀語(yǔ).TheyhavebeeninpartbyDNAevidencemadein1998,whichalmostcertainlyprovedThomasJeffersonhadfatheredatleastonechild//withhisSallyHemings必背生詞slave[sleiv]n.奴隸；v.苦干spur[sp3r]v喇激；激勵(lì)available[a'veilob(o)l]a.可獲得的參考翻譯促使他們這樣做的動(dòng)力部分來(lái)自于1998年獲得的DNA證據(jù)，他幾乎可以肯定地證明。托馬斯?杰斐遜與他的奴隸薩利?郝敏思至少生了一個(gè)孩子。分析TheyhavebeenspurredinpartbyDNAevidencemadeavailablein1998,whichalmostcertainlyprovedThomasJeffersonhadfatheredatleastonechild//withhisslaveSallyHemings主句They主語(yǔ)havebeenspurred謂語(yǔ)inpartbyDNAevidence賓語(yǔ)made后置定語(yǔ)availablein1998狀語(yǔ),非限制性定從which主語(yǔ)almostcertainlyproved謂語(yǔ)省略了that的賓從ThomasJefferson主語(yǔ)hadfathered謂語(yǔ)atleastonechild賓語(yǔ)withhisslaveSallyFlemings說(shuō)明和誰(shuí)有了孩子Worksofseveralhistoriansthemoralmadebythenation'searlyleadersandthenatureofthecountry's.必背生詞reveal:[ri,vil]v.透露；n.啟示compromise['kampro.maiz]n.妥協(xié)；v.妥協(xié)fragile[,fraed3al]a.易碎的infancy[*lnfdnsi]n.嬰兒期參考翻譯幾位歷史學(xué)家的著作揭示了美國(guó)的開國(guó)元?jiǎng)讉冊(cè)谧?的笈喝，以及國(guó)家成立之初的脆弱本質(zhì)。分析Worksofseveralhistoriansrevealthemoralcompromisesmadebythenation'searlyleadersandthefragilenatureofthecountry'sinfancy.Worksofseveralhistorians主語(yǔ)reveal謂語(yǔ)themoralcompromises賓語(yǔ)1madebythenation'searlyleaders后置定語(yǔ)andthefragilenatureofthecountry'sinfancy賓語(yǔ)2.Morethan60,000peoplehavepurchasedthePTKssincetheyfirstbecameavailablewithoutprescriptionslastyear,accordingtoDougFogg,chiefoperatingofficerofIdentigene,whichmakestheover-the-counterkits.必背生詞prescription[pn'skripf(o)njn.處方over-the-counter非處方藥kit[kit]成套設(shè)備；套裝參考翻譯DougFogg透露，自從去年這種PTK鑒定套裝不再需要處方了之后，已經(jīng)有超過(guò)6萬(wàn)人購(gòu)買。DougFogg是生產(chǎn)這種PTK套裝的基因識(shí)別公司的首席運(yùn)營(yíng)官。分析Morethan60,000peoplehavepurchasedthePTKssincetheyfirstbecameavailablewithoutprescriptionslastyear,accordingtoDougFogg,chiefoperatingofficerofIdentigene,whichmakestheover-the-counterkits.Morethan60,000peopleiinhavepurchasedinipthePTKs賓語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀從sincethey主語(yǔ)firstbecameavailable謂語(yǔ)withoutprescriptionslastyear狀語(yǔ)，accordingtoDougFogg,chiefoperatingofficerofIdentigene對(duì)前者身份的介紹非限定從which主語(yǔ)makes謂語(yǔ)iheover-the-counlerkils賓語(yǔ).Peopleareabsorbedinto"acultureof"bythe19th-centurydepartmentstoresthatoffered"goodsinanatmosphere”.必背生詞consumption[kan^Ampf(o)n]n.消費(fèi)；消耗量launch[10ntf]v.發(fā)射vastarraysof琳瑯滿目的；各種各樣的element['ellmantjn.要素；原理參考翻譯：人們沉迷于19世紀(jì)由百貨商店所倡導(dǎo)的“消費(fèi)文化”之中，這些百貨商店在“舒適的氛圍中提供琳瑯滿目的商品”。解析Peopleareabsorbedinto“acultureofconsumption^^launchedbythe19th-centurydepartmentstoresthatoffered“vastarraysofgoodsinanelegant