四級(jí)測(cè)試試卷及答案

四級(jí)測(cè)試[復(fù)制]Writting

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthechallengesofstudyingabroad.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.[填空題]*_________________________________Passage1

Haveyoueverusedemailtoapologizetoacolleague?Delivereda26toasubordinate(下屬)withavoice-mailmessage?Flownbyplaneacrossthecountryjusttodeliverimportantnewsinperson?Thevariouscommunicationoptionsatourfingertipstodaycanbegoodfor27andproductivity—andatthesametimeverytroublesome.Withsomanywaystocommunicate,howshouldamanagerchoosetheonethat'sbest—28whenthemessagetobedeliveredisbadorunwelcomenewsfortherecipient?We've29businesscommunicationconsultantsandetiquette(禮儀)expertstocomeupwiththefollowingguidelinesfor30usingthealternativewaysofdeliveringdifficultmessages.

Firstofall,choosehowpersonalyouwanttobe.Aface-to-facecommunicationisthemost31.Otherchoices,indescendingorderofpersonalization,are:areal-timephonecall,avoice-mailmessage,ahandwrittennote,atypewrittenletter,andthemost32isemail.Someofthesemaychangeorderaccordingtothe33situationoryourownpreferences;forexample,ahandwrittennotemightseemmorepersonalthanvoice-mail.Howdoyoudecideonthebestchoiceforthedifficultmessageyou'vegottodeliver?“My34concernis:HowcanIsoftenorcivilizethismessage?”saysetiquetteexpertDanaCasperson.“SowhenIapologize,Iusuallychoosein-personfirst,oraphoneconversationasmytopalternative,andmaybeahandwrittennotenext.ApologizingbyemailissomethingInowtotally35.”26.[單選題]*A)avoidB)convenienceC)effectivelyD)escapeE)intimateF)particularlyG)primaryH)promptI)rewardJ)silentK)specificL)surveyedM)unfriendlyN)warning(正確答案)O)witnessed27.[單選題]*A)avoidB)convenience(正確答案)C)effectivelyD)escapeE)intimateF)particularlyG)primaryH)promptI)rewardJ)silentK)specificL)surveyedM)unfriendlyN)warningO)witnessed28.[單選題]*A)avoidB)convenienceC)effectivelyD)escapeE)intimateF)particularly(正確答案)G)primaryH)promptI)rewardJ)silentK)specificL)surveyedM)unfriendlyN)warningO)witnessed29.[單選題]*A)avoidB)convenienceC)effectivelyD)escapeE)intimateF)particularlyG)primaryH)promptI)rewardJ)silentK)specificL)surveyed(正確答案)M)unfriendlyN)warningO)witnessed30.[單選題]*A)avoidB)convenienceC)effectively(正確答案)D)escapeE)intimateF)particularlyG)primaryH)promptI)rewardJ)silentK)specificL)surveyedM)unfriendlyN)warningO)witnesse31.[單選題]*A)avoidB)convenienceC)effectivelyD)escapeE)intimate(正確答案)F)particularlyG)primaryH)promptI)rewardJ)silentK)specificL)surveyedM)unfriendlyN)warningO)witnessed32.[單選題]*A)avoidB)convenienceC)effectivelyD)escapeE)intimateF)particularlyG)primaryH)promptI)rewardJ)silentK)specificL)surveyedM)unfriendly(正確答案)N)warningO)witnessed33.[單選題]*A)avoidB)convenienceC)effectivelyD)escapeE)intimateF)particularlyG)primaryH)promptI)rewardJ)silentK)specific(正確答案)L)surveyedM)unfriendlyN)warningO)witnessed34.[單選題]*A)avoidB)convenienceC)effectivelyD)escapeE)intimateF)particularlyG)primary(正確答案)H)promptI)rewardJ)silentK)specificL)surveyedM)unfriendlyN)warningO)witnessed35.[單選題]*A)avoid(正確答案)B)convenienceC)effectivelyD)escapeE)intimateF)particularlyG)primaryH)promptI)rewardJ)silentK)specificL)surveyedM)unfriendlyN)warningO)witnessedPassage2

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.

HowaPoor,AbandonedParisianBoyBecameaTopChef

A)ThebusystreetsinPariswereunevenandcakedinthickmud,buttherewasalwaysabreathtakingsighttoseeintheshopwindowsofPatisseriedelaRuedelaPaix.By1814,peoplecrowdedoutsidethebakery,strainingforaglimpseofthelatestsweetfoodcreatedbytheyoungchefwhoworkedinside.

B)HisnamewasMarie-AntoineCarême,andhehadappeared,oneday,almostoutofnowhere.Butinhisshortlifetime,whichendedexactly184yearsagotoday,hewouldforeverrevolutionizeFrenchgourmetfood（美食）,writebest-sellingcookbooksandthinkupmagicaldishesforroyalsandotherimportantpeople.

C)Carême'schildhoodwasoneparttragedy,equalpartmystery.Bornthe16thchildtopoorparentsinParisineither1783or1784,ayoungCarêmewassuddenlyabandonedattheheightoftheFrenchRevolution.At8yearsold,heworkedasakitchenboyforarestaurantinParisinexchangeforroomandboard.Byage15,hehadbecomeanapprentice（學(xué)徒）toSylvainBailly,awell-knowndessertchefwithasuccessfulbakeryinoneofParis'smostfashionableneighborhoods.

D)Carêmewasquickatlearninginthekitchen.Baillyencouragedhisyoungapprenticetolearntoreadandwrite.CarêmewouldoftenspendhisfreeafternoonsatthenearbyNationalLibraryreadingbooksonartandarchitecture.Inthebackroomofthelittlebakery,hisinterestindesignandhisbakingtalentcombinedtoworkwonders—heshapeddeliciousmasterpiecesoutofflour,butterandsugar.

E)Inhisteenageyears,Carêmefashionedeatablecopiesofthelate18thcentury'smostfamousbuildings—cookiesintheshapeofruinsofancientAthensandpiesintheshapeofancientChinesepalacesandtemples.SylvainBailly,hismaster,displayedtheseluxuriantcreations—oftenaslargeas4feettall—inhisbakerywindows.

F)Carême'screationssooncapturedthediscriminatingeyeofaFrenchdiplomat,CharlesMauricedeTalleyrand-Périgord.Around1804,TalleyrandchallengedCarêmetoproduceafullmenuforhispersonalcastle,instructingtheyoungbakertouselocal,seasonalfruitsandvegetablesandtoavoidrepeatingmaindishesoverthecourseofanentireyear.TheexperimentwasagrandsuccessandTalleyrand'sassociationwithFrenchnobilitywouldproveaprofitableconnectionforCarême.

G)FrenchEmperorNapoleonBonapartewasknowntobeunimpressedbythedecliningtasteofearly18thcenturycooking,butunderpressuretoentertainParis'shighsociety,hetoocalledCarêmetohiskitchenatTuileriesPalace.In1810,CarêmedesignedtheextraordinarycakefortheweddingofNapoleonandhissecondbride,Marie-LouiseofAustria.Hebecameoneofthefirstmodernchefstofocusontheappearanceofhistable,notjusttheflavorofhisdishes.“Iwantorderandtaste.Awell-displayedmealisenhancedonehundredpercentinmyeyes,”helaterwroteinoneofhiscookbooks.

H)In1816,Carêmebeganaculinary(烹飪的)journeywhichwouldforevermarkhisplaceashistory'sfirsttopchef.HevoyagedtoEnglandtocookinthemodernGreatKitchenoftheprinceregent(攝政王)，GeorgeⅣ,andcrossedcontinentstopreparegrandbanquetsforthetablesofTsarAlexanderⅠofRussia.Neverafraidtotalkuphisownaccomplishments,aboastfulCarêmemadeafortuneaswealthyfamilieswithsocialambitionsinvitedhimtotheirkitchens.Later,inhiscookbooks,hewouldoftenincludeasketchofhimself,sothatpeopleonthestreetwouldbeabletorecognize—andadmire—him.

I)Carême'scookingdisplaysbecamethesymboloffineFrenchdining;theywereplentiful,beautifulandimposing.GuestswouldfallsilentinwonderasservantscarriedCarême'sfancycreationsintothedininghall.ForabanquetcelebratingtheGrandDukeNicholasofRussia'svisittoGeorgeⅣ'sBrightonPavilliononJan.18,1817,themenufeatured120differentdishes,highlightingeightdifferentsoups,40maincourses,and32desserts.

J)Ashetraveledthroughthehomesofearly19thcenturynobility,CarêmeforgedthenewartofFrenchgourmetfood.Lockedinhotkitchens,Carêmecreatedhisfour“mothersauces.”Thesesauces—béchamel,velouté,espagnoleandallemande—formedthecentralbuildingblocksformanyFrenchmaincourses.Healsoperfectedthesoufflé—abakedeggdish,andintroducedthestandardchef'suniform—thesamedouble-breastedwhitecoatandtallwhitehatstillwornbymanychefstoday.Thewhiteclothingconveyedanimageofcleanliness,accordingtoCarême—andinhisrealm,appearancewaseverything.

K)Betweenmeals,CarêmewrotecookbooksthatwouldbeusedinEuropeankitchensforthenextcentury.HismanualsincludingTheRoyalParisianBakerandthemassivefive-volumeArtofFrenchCookingSeries(1833-1847,completedafterhisdeath)firstsystematizedmanybasicprinciplesofcooking,completewithdrawingsandstep-by-stepdirections.Longbeforetelevisioncookingshows,Carêmewalkedreadersthroughcommonkitchentasks,instructingthemto“trythisforyourself,athome”asfamousAmericanChefJuliaChildmightdo,manyyearslater.

L）Intheend,however，itwasthekitchenthatdidCarêmein.Decadesofworkingovercoalfiresintight,closedspaceswithlittlefreshair(toensurehisdisheswouldnotgetcold)hadfatallydamagedhislungs.OnJan.12,1833,Carêmediedjustbeforeheturned50.

M）Butinhislifetime,Carême,everconfident,couldseebeyondhisshortdominationinthekitchen.Hewantedto“setthestandardforbeautyinclassicalandmoderncooking,andprovetothedistantfuturethattheFrenchchefsofthe19thcenturywerethemostfamousintheworld,”ashewroteinhispapers.

N）Decadeslater,chefAugusteEscoffierwouldbuilduponCarême'sconceptofFrenchcuisine（烹飪）.Butintheverybeginning,therewasjustCarême,thetopchefwhoelevateddiningintoart.36.Carêmewasamongthefirstchefswhostressedboththeappearanceandflavorofdishes.[單選題]*A)B)C)D)E)F)G)(正確答案)H)I)J)K)L)M)N)37.CarêmewantedtoshowtolatergenerationsthatFrenchchefsofhistimeweremostoutstandingintheworld.[單選題]*A)B)C)D)E)F)G)H)I)J)K)L)M)(正確答案)N)38.CarêmebenefitedgreatlyfromservingaFrenchdiplomatandhisconnections.[單選題]*A)B)C)D)E)F)(正確答案)G)H)I)J)K)L)M)N)39.CarêmelearnedhistradefromafamousdessertchefinParis.[單選題]*A)B)C)(正確答案)D)E)F)G)H)I)J)K)L)M)N)40.Carême'screativeworkswereexhibitedintheshopwindowsbyhismaster.[單選題]*A)B)C)D)E)(正確答案)F)G)H)I)J)K)L)M)N)41.Carême'sknowledgeofartandarchitecturehelpedhimcreateextraordinarydessertsoutofordinaryingredients.[單選題]*A)B)C)D)(正確答案)E)F)G)H)I)J)K)L)M)N)42.ManypeopleinPariswereeagertohavealookatthelatestsweetfoodmadebyCarême.[單選題]*A)B)C)D)E)F)G)H)(正確答案)I)J)K)L)M)N)43.Carêmebecameextremelywealthybycookingforrichandsociallyambitiousfamilies.[單選題]*A)B)C)D)E)F)G)H)I)J)K)(正確答案)L)M)N)44.Carême'swritingsdealtwithfundamentalcookingprinciplesinasystematicway.[單選題]*A)B)(正確答案)C)D)E)F)G)H)I)J)K)L)M)N)45.Carême'scontributiontoFrenchcookingwasrevolutionary.[單選題]*A)B)(正確答案)C)D)E)F)G)H)I)J)K)L)M)N)Passage3

Roughlythesizeofasodacan,sittingonabookshelf,arelativelyharmlessgadgetmaybeturningfriendsawayfromyourhome.TheelephantinyourlivingroomisyourInternet-connectedsecuritycamera,adevicepeopleareincreasinglyusingforpeaceofmindintheirhomes.Butfewstoptothinkabouttheeffectthesedevicesmayhaveonhouseguests.Shouldyoutellyourfriends,forinstance,thatthey'rebeingrecordedwhileyouallwatchthebiggametogether?

“It'scertainlynewterritory,especiallyashomesecuritycamerasbecomeeasiertoinstall,”saysLizziePost,presidentoftheEmilyPostInstitute,America'sforemostmannersadvisors.“Ithinkitwillbeveryinterestingtoseewhatetiquette（禮儀）emergesintermsofwhetheryoutellpeopleyouhaveacameraornot,andwhetherguestshavearighttoaskthatitbeturnedoff,ifit'snotasecurityissue.”

Postwantstomakeclearthatshe'snottalkingaboutlegalrights,butratherpersonalpreferenc.Shealsowantstoexplainthattherearenorightorwronganswersregardingmannersonthisfrontyet,becausethetechnologyisjustnowbecomingmainstream.Besides,theEmilyPostInstitutedoesn'tdictatemanners.

Whenitcomestosecuritycameras,Postsaysit'sahost'sresponsibilitytomakesureguestsfeelcomfortablewithintheirhome.“I'malwaysafanofbeingopenandhonest.”Forinstance,ifthehostcasuallyacknowledgesthatthereisacameraintheroombytellingastoryaboutit,thatmaybeenoughtoprovideanopeningforaguesttosayiftheyareuncomfortable.

However,ifacontractorisworkinginyourhome,youdon'tneedtotellthemthattherearecameraswatching.Thenagain,theairofaccountabilitythatthecamerageneratescanalsoworkincontractors'favor.“Ifanythingdoesgowrongwhilethey'reinthehouse,theydon'twanttobeblamedforit,”shesays.“Infact,thecameracouldbethethingthatprovesthattheydidn'tstealthe$20,orknockthevaseoffthetable.”46.Forwhatreasonmayyourfriendsfeelreluctanttovisityourhome?[單選題]*A)Thesecuritycamerainstalledmayintrudeintotheirprivacy.(正確答案)B)Theydon’twanttheirphotostobecirculatedontheInternet.C)Thesecuritycameramayturnouttobeharmfultotheirhealth.D)Theymaynotbewillingtointeractwithyourfamilymembers.47.WhatdoesLizziePostsayisnewterritory?[單選題]*A)Theeffectofmannersadviceonthepublic.B)Costofapplyingnewtechnologiesathome.C)Theincreasinguseofhomesecuritydevices.D)Etiquettearoundhomesecuritycameras.(正確答案)48.WhatisLizziePostmainlydiscussingwithregardtotheuseofhomesecuritycameras?[單選題]*A)Legalrights.B)MoralissuesC)Likesanddislikesofindividuals.(正確答案)D)Thepossibleimpactonmanners.49.Whatisahost’sresponsibilityregardingsecuritycameras,accordingtoLizziePost?[單選題]*A)Makingtheirguestsfeelatease.(正確答案)B)Indicatingwheretheyare.C)Turningthemoffintime.D)Ensuringtheirguests’privacy.50.Inwhatwaycanthehomesecuritycamerabenefitvisitorstoyourhome?[單選題]*A)Itcansatisfytheircuriosity.B)Itcanprovetheirinnocence.(正確答案)C)Itcanhelpthemlearnnewtechnology.D)Itcanmaketheirvisitmoreenjoyable.Passage4

PepsiCoistospendbillionsofdollarstodevelopdrinksandsnacksandreformulateexistingoneswithlowersugar,saltandfat,asconsumersdemandhealthieroptionsandregulatorypressureintensifiesamidanobesityepidemic（流行?。?

ThemakerofMountainDewandGatoradehasbeenoneoftheearliermoversintheindustrytoofferproductswithreducedlevelsofunhealthyingredients—PepsiCoclaimsapacketofitschipsnowcontainslesssaltthanasliceofwhitebread.However,itsnew10-yearplanmakesclearitbelievesitstillhasalongwaytogo.

Shiftingeatinghabits,includingasharpdropinconsumptionofsparklingdrinks,haveforcedradicalchangeontheindustry.Butthoseshiftshaveyettobereflectedinrecordobesitylevels,whichstandat36.5%overallintheUS.

IndraNooyi,PepsiCochairman,saidtheplantomakeitsproductshealthierwasimportantforthecompany'sgrowth.Butonthesubjectofobesity,shepointedoutthatconsumers’lifestyleshavechangedsignificantly,withmanypeoplebeingmoresedentary（久坐不動(dòng)的）notleastbecausemoretimeisspentinfrontofcomputers.ShesaidPepsiCo'scontributionwastoproducehealthiersnacksthatstilltastedgood.

“Societyhastochangeitshabits,”sheadded.“Wecan'tdomuchtoaltersedentarylifestyles,butwecanprovideconsumerswithgreat-tastingproducts,lowinsalt,sugarandfat.Inthepastwehadtohaveatastetrade-off.Butwe'rebreakingthattrade-off.”

PepsiCo'splanforitsfoodsanddrinksisbasedonguidelinesfromtheWorldHealthOrganisation,whichlastweekbackedusingtaxesonsparklingdrinkstoreducesugarconsumption.Initiativesalsoincludeeffortstoreduceitsenvironmentalimpact,waterconsumptionandmaterialsusedinpackagingby2025.

PepsiCodidnotsayexactlyho