2017高一英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句講解

2017高一英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句講解2017高一英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句講解2017高一英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句講解資料僅供參考文件編號(hào)：2022年4月2017高一英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句講解版本號(hào)：A修改號(hào)：1頁(yè)次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：定語(yǔ)從句講解1．定語(yǔ)從句：復(fù)合句中修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevasewhichwasveryreasonable.Thosewhoworkhardwillmakeprogress.2．先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。

3．關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。

1）關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that,

which,

who,

whom,

whose,

as等；關(guān)系副詞有when,

where,

why等。

2）關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個(gè)作用：A、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；B、代替先行詞；C、在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。例如：

The

man

who

is

shaking

hands

with

my

father

is

a

policeman.

該句,who

is

shaking

hands

with

my

father

是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞the

man，

“who”是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞，代替先行詞the

man，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。（二）關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

1．who

指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。

The

boys

who

are

playing

football

are

from

Class

One.

Yesterday

I

helped

an

old

man

who

had

lost

his

way.

昨天我?guī)椭艘晃幻月返睦先恕?/p>

2．whom

指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，?？墒÷浴he

professor

(

whom

)

you

are

waiting

for

has

come.

你正在等的教授已經(jīng)來(lái)了。

The

girl

(

whom

)

the

teacher

often

praises

is

our

monitor.

注意：關(guān)系代詞whom

在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常可用who

來(lái)代替，也可省略。但直接介詞后只用whom,不可省略。

The

man

(

whom

/

who

)you

met

just

now

is

my

old

friend.Themantowhomyoutalkedjustnowismyoldfriend.（whom不可省略）which

指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常可省略?；蛟诜窍拗贫ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中代替整個(gè)主句。

Football

is

a

game

which

is

liked

by

most

boys.

This

is

the

pen

(

which

)

he

bought

yesterday.

Hefailedtheexamagain,whichmadehisfatherangry.

4．that

指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who

或whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which.。在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷浴?/p>

The

number

of

people

that

/

who

come

to

visit

this

city

each

year

reaches

one

million.

Where

is

the

man

(that

/

whom)

I

saw

this

morning

我今天早上看到的那個(gè)人在哪兒

Yesterday

I

received

a

letter

that

/

which

came

from

Australia.

5．whose

通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)。

I

visited

a

scientist

whose

name

is

known

all

over

the

country.

我拜訪了一個(gè)全國(guó)知名的科學(xué)家。

I

once

lived

in

the

house

whose

roof

has

fallen

in.

我曾經(jīng)住在那幢屋頂已經(jīng)倒塌了的房子里。

注意：指物時(shí)，常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替：

Weliveinahouse,__________windowsfacethesea.Weliveinahouse,___________thewindowsfacethesea.Weliveinahouse,thewindows__________facetheseaWeliveinabeautifulhouse,andthewindows_________facetheseaDo

you

like

the

book

whose

cover

is

yellow?=_____________________=_________________（三）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。

The

school

(which

/

that)

he

once

studied

in

is

very

famous.

=The

school

in

which

he

once

studied

is

very

famous.

他曾經(jīng)就讀過(guò)的學(xué)校很出名。

This

is

the

boy

(whom

/

who

/

that)

I

played

tennis

with

yesterday.

=This

is

the

boy

with

whom

I

played

tennis

yesterday.

這是我昨天跟他打臺(tái)球的男孩。

The

manager

whose

company

I

work

in

pays

much

attention

to

improving

our

working

conditions.

=The

manager

in

whose

company

I

work

pays

much

attention

to

improving

our

working

conditions.

注意：１．

含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的后面。如：look

for,

look

after,

take

care

of

等。

This

is

the

watch

(which

/

that)

I

am

looking

for.

(正)

這是我正在找的手表。

This

is

the

watch

for

which

I

am

looking

.

(誤)

The

babies

(whom

/

who

/

that)

the

nurse

is

looking

after

are

very

healthy.

(正)

The

babies

after

whom

the

nurse

is

looking

are

very

healthy.

（誤）

２．若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)只可用whom，不可用who,

that；關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)只可用which，不可用that。關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whose。

The

man

with

whom

you

talked

just

now

is

my

neighbour.

(正)

The

man

with

that

/

who

you

talked

just

now

is

my

neighbour.

(誤)

The

plane

in

which

we

flew

to

Canada

was

really

comfortable.

(正)The

plane

in

that

we

flew

to

Canada

was

really

comfortable.

(誤)

３．“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前還可有some,

any,

none,

all,

both,

neither,

many,

most,

each,

few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。如：

He

loves

his

parents

deeply,

both

of

whom

=(…)are

very

kind

to

him.

In

the

basket

there

are

quite

many

apples,

some

of

which=（…）

have

gone

bad.

Up

to

now,

he

has

written

ten

stories,

three

of

which

are

about

country

life.

（四）關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

1．

when

指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

I

still

remember

the

day

when=(…)

I

first

came

to

this

school.

The

time

when

we

got

together

finally

arrived.

我們團(tuán)聚的時(shí)刻終于到了。

2．

where

指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。

Shanghai

is

the

city

where

I

was

born.

上海是我出生的城市。

The

house

where=(…)

I

lived

ten

years

ago

has

been

pulled

down.

I

visited

the

farm

where=(…)

a

lot

of

cows

were

raised

.3．

why

指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。

Please

tell

me

the

reason

why=(…)

you

missed

the

plane.

請(qǐng)告訴我你誤機(jī)的原因。

I

don’t

know

the

reason

why

he

looks

unhappy

today.

我不知道他今天為什么看上去不愉快。

注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)?？梢杂谩敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示。如：

Great

changes

are

taking

place

in

the

city

where

/

in

which

they

live.

The

reason

why

/

for

which

he

refused

the

invitation

is

quite

clear.

（五）限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

限制性定語(yǔ)從句形式上：不用逗號(hào)“，”與主句隔開。意義上：是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，如刪除，主句則失去意義或意思表達(dá)不完整。譯法上：譯成先行詞的定語(yǔ)：“．．．的”關(guān)系詞的使用上：A．作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略B．可用thatC．可用who

代替whom

非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

形式上：用逗號(hào)“，”與主句隔開。

意義上：只是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，如刪除，主句仍能表達(dá)完整的意思。

譯法上：通常譯成主句的并列句。

關(guān)系詞的使用上：A．不可省略B．不用thatC．不可用who

代替whom

限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例：

The

teacher

told

me

that

Tom

was

the

person

(that/who/whom)I

could

depend

on.

China

is

a

country

which/that

has

a

long

history.

中國(guó)是一個(gè)歷史悠久的國(guó)家。

非限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例

：

His

mother,

who

(不用that)loves

him

very

much,

is

strict

with

him.

China,

which（不用that）

was

founded

in

1949,

is

becoming

more

and

more

powerful.

I

visited

the

People’s

Great

Hall,

in

which

many

important

meetings

are

held

every

year.

使用定語(yǔ)從句須注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題:

（一）限制性定語(yǔ)從句中只能用that

引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的情況

1．當(dāng)先行詞是everything,

anything,

nothing

(something

除外),

all,

none,

few,

little,

some等不定代詞時(shí)，或當(dāng)先行詞受every,

any,

all,

some,

no,

little,

few,

much等代詞修飾時(shí)。如：

Have

you

taken

down

everything

that

Mr.

Li

said?

李老師講的你都記下來(lái)了嗎？

All

that

can

be

done

has

been

done.

所有能做的都做好了。

There

is

little

that

I

can

do

for

you.

我不能為你干什么。

He

stayed

in

the

library

and

looked

up

any

information

that

they

needed.

注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可用關(guān)系代詞who，如：

Any

man

that

/

who

has

a

sense

of

duty

won’t

do

such

a

thing.

All

the

guests

that

/

who

were

invited

to

her

wedding

were

important

people.

2．當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如：

The

first

place

that

they

visited

in

London

was

the

Big

Ben.

This

is

the

best

film

that

I

have

ever

seen.

這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。

3．當(dāng)先行詞被the

very,

the

only，thelast修飾時(shí)。如：

This

is

the

very

dictionary

that

I

want

to

buy.

這正是我要買的詞典。

After

the

fire

in

his

house,

the

old

car

is

the

only

thing

that

he

owns.

注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可用關(guān)系代詞who。如：

Wang

Hua

is

the

only

person

in

our

school

who

will

attend

the

meeting.

4．當(dāng)先行詞前面有who,

which等疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)。如：

Who

is

the

man

that

is

standing

by

the

gate

站在門口的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)

Which

is

the

T-shirt

that

fits

me

most

哪件T恤衫最合我的身

5．當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。如：

They

talked

about

the

persons

and

things

that

they

remembered

at

school

Look

at

the

man

and

his

donkey

that

are

walking

up

the

street.另外：1)直接介詞后只用which/whom,作定語(yǔ)可用whose，不用who和that2)that不引導(dǎo)非限制定語(yǔ)從句3）that和who都可以指人，但下面兩種情況，多用who。①先行詞為all,anyone,one,ones等時(shí)。如：Allwhoheardthenewswereexcited.②先行詞為those,he和people時(shí)。如：Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.關(guān)系代詞as和which

引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

as

和which

引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，

其用法有相同之處，也有不同之處。具體情況是：

1.

as

和which都可以在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，代表前面整個(gè)句子。如：

He

married

her,

as

/

which

was

natural.

他跟她結(jié)婚了，這是很自然的事。

He

is

honest,

as

/

which

we

can

see.

他很誠(chéng)實(shí)，

這一點(diǎn)我們看得出來(lái)。

2.

as

引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至還可以分割主句。

which

引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只可放在主句之后。另外，as

常常有“正如、正像”的含義，用于一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)。如：asanybodycansee正如人人都能看到的那樣asiswellknown=asisknowntoall眾所周知aswehadexpected正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣asoftenhappens正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣ashasbeensaidbefore如上所說(shuō)asismentionedabove正如上面提到的As（不用which）

is

known

to

all,

China

is

a

developing

country.

He

is

from

the

south,

as（可用which）

we

can

know

from

his

accent.

John,

as

you

know,

is

a

famous

writer.

正如你所知，

約翰是個(gè)著名作家。

Zhang

Hua

has

been

to

Paris

more

than

ten

times,

which

I

don’t

believe.

注意：當(dāng)主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，關(guān)系詞往往只用which。如：

Tom

was

late

for

school

again

and

again,

which(不用as)

made

his

teacher

very

angry.

These

tables

are

made

of

metal,

which

made

them

very

heavy.

3.

當(dāng)先行詞受such,

the

same

,as修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系詞常用as。

如：

I’ve

never

heard

such

stories

as

he

tells.

我從未聽過(guò)象他講的這樣的故事。

He

is

not

such

a

fool

as

he

looks.

他可不象他看上去的那樣傻。

This

is

the

same

dictionary

as

I

lost

last

week.

這部詞典跟我上星期丟失的一樣。

注意：當(dāng)先行詞受the

same

修飾時(shí)，偶爾也用

that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，但與as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句意思有區(qū)別。如：

She

wore

the

same

dress

that

she

wore

at

Mary’s

wedding.

她穿著她在瑪麗婚禮上穿過(guò)的同一條連衣裙。

She

wore

the

same

dress

as

her

younger

sister

wore.

她穿著跟她妹妹所穿的同樣的連衣裙。

(三)

以the

way為先行詞的限制性定語(yǔ)從句做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)通常由in

which或that引導(dǎo)，而且通?？梢允÷浴Ｈ纾?/p>

The

way

(that

/

in

which

)

he

answered

the

questions

was

surprising.

I

don’t

like

the

way

(that

/

in

which)

you

laugh

at

her.

我不喜歡你沖她的樣子。

但Theway_____heexplainedtouswasnotpractical.關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇

用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句主要看關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的作用（即所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑?。試比較：

A.

I

know

a

place

_____

we

can

have

a

picnic.

我知道一個(gè)我們可以野炊的地方。

I

know

a

place______

is

famous

for

its

beautiful

natural

scenery.

B.

I

will

never

forget

the

days

____

we

spent

our

holidays

together.

I

will

never

forget

the

days_____we

spent

together.

我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們一起度過(guò)的日子。

C.

This

is

the

reason____

he

was

dismissed.

這就是他被解雇的原因。

This

is

the

reason______

he

explained

to

me

for

his

not

attending

the

meeting.

........................

附加內(nèi)容.....................................................................................................（五）定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

1．定語(yǔ)從句修飾限定先行詞，它對(duì)先行詞修飾限制；同位語(yǔ)從句解釋先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，它對(duì)先行詞解釋說(shuō)明。

The

plane

that

has

just

taken

off

is

for

Paris.

（_____從句）

The

fact

that

he

has

already

died

is

quite

clear.

（____從句）

2．定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)相應(yīng)的句子成分，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)經(jīng)常可省略。同位語(yǔ)從句主要由連詞that

引導(dǎo)時(shí)，在從句中一般不擔(dān)當(dāng)成分；有時(shí)也由where,

when,

how,

who,

whether,

what

等連詞引導(dǎo)，這些連詞則在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分。

The

news

that

he

has

just

died

is

true.

（____從句）

他剛剛?cè)ナ懒?，這個(gè)消息是真的。

The

news

that

he

told

me

is

true.

（____從句）

他告訴我的消息是真的。

The

problem

how

we

can

collect

so

much

money

is

difficult

to

solve.

（_____從句）

The

question

that

he

raised

puzzled

all

of

us.

（____從句）

他提出的問(wèn)題讓我們很為難。

The

question

whether

he

is

sure

to

win

the

game

is

hard

to

answer.

（____從句）

3．同位語(yǔ)從句與先行詞一般可以用動(dòng)詞be發(fā)展成一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句,

而定語(yǔ)從句則不能。如：

A.

The

idea

that

he

we

could

ask

the

teacher

for

advice

is

wonderful.

（同位語(yǔ)從句）

The

idea

was

that

we

could

ask

the

teacher

for

advice.

B.

Pay

attention

to

the

problem

how

we

can

protect

the

wild

animals.

（同位語(yǔ)從句）

The

problem

is

how

we

can

protect

the

wild

animals.（六）定語(yǔ)從句與狀語(yǔ)從句，強(qiáng)調(diào)句型等的區(qū)別及須區(qū)分的幾點(diǎn)：1.Heissuchagoodstudent_____wealllike.(____從句)Heissuchagoodstudent_____wealllikehim(____從句)2.Thisisthehouse_____welivedin5yearsago.(____從句)Putamark_____youhavequestions.(_____從句)A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.onwhich3.Itisthestreet______Ilostmybike.(_______)Itisinthestreet______Ilostmybike.(________)Itwas8o’clock________Iwenthome.(_________)Itwasat8o’clock______Iwenthome.(__________)4.Isthisthebook_____youarelookingfor?Isthebook_____youarelookingfor?A.thatB.whoC.theoneD.forwhich5.Tomisoneofthestudentswho_____beenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.(定語(yǔ)從句主謂一致)Tomistheoneofthestudentswho_____beenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.Thosewho___againsttheplanputupyourhands.6.Theearthisround,___weallknow.=___isknowntoall,theearthisround.=___isknowntoallthattheearthisround.=_____isknowntoallisthattheearthisround.7.當(dāng)先行詞為time，表示“次數(shù)”時(shí)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系詞that或省略。如：Thisisthefirsttime(that)thepresidenthasvisitedthecountry.Itistimethatyou_______(get)up.

定語(yǔ)從句1．Thisisthebestfactory____wevisitedlastyear.

A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.that2.Isthisthefactory____computersarebuilt

A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.inthat3.Pleasepassmethedictionary____coverisred.A.whose

B.its

C.whichD.whichof4.Theman____hasarrived.

A.whomItoldyouB.thatItoldyouC.whomItoldyouabouthimD.Itoldyouabout5.Doyouknowthecomrade____wearetalking

A.towhomB.towhoC.whomD.tothat6.Theyvisitedthehouse___thegreatwriterwasborn.

A.fromwhereB.inwhichC.whichD.inwhere7.Thecomrade___isspeakingatthemeetingismyteacher.

A.whomB.whichC.whoD.whose8.Heaskedustowatchcarefullyeverything___hedidinclass.

A.whoB.thatC.whatD.where9.I’llvisittheprofessortomorrow,___hewillbebackfromShanghai.

A.whoB.thatC.whenD.which10.Theschool___Istudyisanewone.

A.onwhichB.atwhereC.onthatD.atwhich11.Chinahasmanyislands,____thelargestisTaiwan.

A.inwhichB.atwhichC.whichD.ofwhich12.Thecity____mymothergrewupisnotfarfromhere.

A.what

B.whereC.thatD.which13.Ourteacherlivesinthehouse____doorfacestothenorth.

A.whichB.hisC.thatD.whose14.Doyouknowtheman___yourfathernodded

A.whomB.towhomC.towhoD.aboutwhom15.Wrestlingisasportin___peopleeasilygethurt.

A.thatB.whenC.whichD.what16.Itoldyou____Iknow.

A.allthatB.allwhichC.allwhatD.allwhom17.Chinahasalotoffamouswriters,one___isLuXun.

A.ofwhichB.ofwhomC.ofwhoD.ofthem18.Isthisfactory____wevisitedlastyear

A.inwhichB.aroundthatC.whomD.theone19.Whoistheman____wasthere

A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whom20.Isthereanything____Icandoforyou,sir

A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.who21.Istillremembertheday____shefirstworethatgreendress.

A.whichB.inwhichC.onthatD.onwhich22.Theknife____weusedtocutthebreadisverysharp.

A.withwhichB.withitC.withthatD.which23.Thegames____theyoungmencompetedinweredifficult.A.

inwhichB.whichC.itD.who24.Itrainedhardyesterday,____preventedmefromgoingtothepark..

A.thatB.whichC.asD.it25.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_____lovedclimbing.

A.who

B.whom

C.he

D.which

定語(yǔ)從句答案:1-5DCADA6-10BCBCD11-15DBDBC16-20ABDCA21-25DABBA用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空：1.TheboysareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.

2.YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanlosthisway.3.Mr.Liuisthepersonyoutalkedaboutonthebus.

4.Mr.LingisjusttheboyIwanttosee.

5.Foot