Unit 4 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)練（解析版）-2022年高一英語(yǔ)（新人教版選擇性必修第一冊(cè)）

第09練Unit4Bodylanguage1.【詞匯過(guò)關(guān)】在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。①The____________(compare)showsconsiderabledisagreementbetweentheoryandpractice.答案：comparison解析：句意為：這一對(duì)比表明理論和實(shí)踐之間有相當(dāng)大的出入。設(shè)空處前有定冠詞The修飾，在句中作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用名詞形式。故填comparison。②Judgingbytheordinarystandards,hewas____________(rely).答案：reliable解析：句意為：用一般標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)衡量，他是可信賴(lài)的。設(shè)空處作表語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用形容詞reliable，表示“可靠的，可信賴(lài)的”，故填reliable。③Thepovertyfigureswereundoubtedlyan____________(embarrass)tothepresident.答案：embarrassment解析：考查名詞。句意：這些貧困數(shù)字無(wú)疑是令總統(tǒng)難堪的一件事。分析句子可知，此處應(yīng)用embarrass的名詞embarrassment作為表語(yǔ)，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，此處是抽象名詞具體化，anembarrassment“一件令人尷尬的事”，故填embarrassment。④Teachersneedtobesensitiveabouttheindividualneedsofstudentsandbeabletoappreciatetheindividual____________(different)betweenthestudents答案：difference解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：教師應(yīng)該對(duì)學(xué)生的個(gè)體需要很敏感以及能夠鑒別出學(xué)生之間的個(gè)體差異。分析句子可知，此處應(yīng)用different的名詞difference“不同之處”作為動(dòng)詞appreciate的賓語(yǔ)，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境和students判斷用該詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填differences。⑤His____________(anxious)abouttheworkwasjustapassingphase.答案：anxiety解析：句意為：他對(duì)工作的擔(dān)心只是暫時(shí)的。設(shè)空處在句中作主語(yǔ)，且前有物主代詞his，因此應(yīng)使用名詞，故填anxiety。2.【短語(yǔ)過(guò)關(guān)】①與其他器官相比，人的心臟是不是很脆弱？Isthehumanheartweak________________________withtheotherorgans?答案：by/incomparison②如果你能幫他一個(gè)忙，你的鄰居會(huì)很感激的。Yourneighbourwouldappreciateitifyoucould________________________________________________.答案：dohimafavour③許多人預(yù)料和平談判會(huì)破裂。Manypeoplewereexpectingthepeacetalkswould________________________.答案：breakdown④換句話(huà)說(shuō)，您需要簡(jiǎn)潔地描述應(yīng)用程序完成的工作。____________________________________,youneedtosuccinctlystatewhatyourapplicationdoes.答案：Inotherwords⑤倘使你不發(fā)一言，就不會(huì)被要求重復(fù)再講一遍了。Ifyoudonotsayanything,youwillnotbe________________________torepeatit.答案：calledon3.【語(yǔ)法過(guò)關(guān)】用單詞的適當(dāng)語(yǔ)法形式填空。①I(mǎi)stillremember____________(visit)afriendwho'slivedhereforfiveyearsandIwasshockedwhenIlearntshehadn'tcookedonceinallthattime.答案：visiting解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：我還記得我去拜訪(fǎng)了一位在這里住了五年的朋友，當(dāng)我得知她從來(lái)沒(méi)有做過(guò)一次飯時(shí)，我很震驚。根據(jù)下文可知，此處表示“記得拜訪(fǎng)過(guò)”，應(yīng)用rememberdoingsth.“記得做過(guò)某事”（已做過(guò)），而remembertodosth.意為“記得去做某事”（還沒(méi)做）。故填visiting。②Theyknowtheshortestwaypossiblewithouteven____________(look)atamap,becauseeveryonewhowantstobecomeataxidrivermustpassaverydifficultexaminationinordertogetalicensetodriveataxi.答案：looking解析：考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：他們甚至不用看地圖就知道可能是最短的路，因?yàn)槊總€(gè)想成為出租車(chē)司機(jī)的人都必須通過(guò)一次非常困難的考試才能獲得駕駛出租車(chē)的執(zhí)照。介詞without后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。故填looking。③Thecitywascrowedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestin____________(settle)down.答案：settling解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：城里擠滿(mǎn)了失望的人們，他們對(duì)安頓下來(lái)毫無(wú)興趣。介詞in后用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，disappointedpeople與settledown之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，所以用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式，故填settling。④Learnrock____________(climb)andworkasateam,andenjoythegreatoutdoorenvironment.答案：climbing解析：考查名詞。句意：學(xué)習(xí)攀巖，團(tuán)隊(duì)合作，享受戶(hù)外環(huán)境。表示“攀巖短語(yǔ)為rockclimbing.。故填climbing.⑤Fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt;by____________(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.答案：eating解析：考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：快餐中滿(mǎn)是脂肪和鹽。通過(guò)吃更多的快餐，人們將獲得更多的超過(guò)他們飲食需要的鹽和脂肪。該空作介詞by之后的賓語(yǔ)，用動(dòng)名詞，所以填eating。4.【閱讀過(guò)關(guān)】Oneofthesimplestandthemosteffectiveformsofcommunicationinvolvesnothingmorethanthemovementoffacialmuscles.WhatamItalkingabout?Smiling!Everyoneunderstandswhatasmilemeans,andeveryonealsounderstandswhatafrownmeans.Infact,thesetwobasicfacialexpressionscanberecognizedacrosscountries,acrosstheworldandacrosstheglobe,regardlessofthelanguagespokenortheculturelivedin.Hugsaresobeautiful!Whenyougivesomeoneahugorsomeonecomesupandgivesyouahug,thissimpleactofahugcan“speak”volumesabouthowmuchyoucarefortheotherperson,howmuchloveyouwanttosharewiththeotherpersonandhowmuchyouhavemissedtheotherperson.Thishughassomuchtosay,andyetthereneverhasanywordtobespoken.And,whenoneneedstosay“yes”or“no”,amovementoftheheadcansaythesamethinginstead.Thesebasicexamplesshowjusthowpowerfulbodylanguagecanbe.Justknowinghowtoreadandusebodylanguageeffectivelymakesitreallyeasytoseewhyitisnotalwaysabadthingtobelostforwords.Bodylanguageintheworldofloveisaverycommonthingandsometimestheonlything.And,mostofthetime,bodylanguageistheveryfirstwords“spoken”beforeanywordsare.Theoldsayingis“l(fā)oveatfirstsigh”,not“l(fā)oveatfirstword”.Acrossacrowdedroomtheireyesmeetandlinger,hewinksather,andsheraisesaneyebrow.Theconnectionismadewithoutanywordsneeded.Thesedisplaysofbodylanguagesayitall.Infactsometimestheycansaymorethanwordscan.【1】Howmanykindsofbodylanguagearementionedinthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.【2】Whydoestheauthorthinkitisn'tabadthingtobelostforwords?A.Silenceisusuallybetterthanwords. B.Bodylanguagecansavemuchtime.C.Bodylanguagecanbemoreeffective. D.Toomanywordsmaybringsometrouble.【3】Whichwordcanbestdescribebodylanguageaccordingtothepassage?A.Necessary. B.Important. C.Wonderful. D.Powerful【4】Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Manywordsarecontainedinahug. B.Smilingmeansdifferentthingsindifferentcountries.C.Wordsarenotnecessaryintheworldofromance.D."Yes"and"no"can'tbereplacedbybodylanguage【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】體態(tài)語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文直接理解語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)化邏輯推理【答案】【1】B【2】C【3】D【4】A【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了微笑、擁抱等身體語(yǔ)言的魅力?！?】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。前兩段共提到了三種身體語(yǔ)言，分別是微笑、皺眉以及擁抱。故B項(xiàng)正確。【2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段可知，作者認(rèn)為，身體語(yǔ)言有時(shí)候在交流中比口頭語(yǔ)言更加有效。故C項(xiàng)正確，【3】推理判斷題。本文側(cè)重說(shuō)明身體語(yǔ)言在人與人交流中的強(qiáng)大力量，每一段都在突出身體語(yǔ)言相比口頭語(yǔ)言的優(yōu)勢(shì)，且作者在第三段明確點(diǎn)明這個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)“howpowerfulbodylanguagecanbe”。故D項(xiàng)正確?！拘☆}4】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知，擁抱包含了很多沒(méi)有說(shuō)出的語(yǔ)言所要表達(dá)的感情，故A項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)第一段可知，微笑在全世界有著相同的含義，故B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段可知，yes和no在日常生活中通常被身體語(yǔ)言代替，故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；第四段強(qiáng)調(diào)了身體語(yǔ)言在戀人間的使用，但并沒(méi)有排除口頭語(yǔ)言的必要性，故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故A項(xiàng)正確。能力提升練5.【完形填空能力提升】Bodylanguageisthequiet,secretandmostpowerfullanguageofall!Itspeaks【1】thanwords.Accordingtospecialists,ourbodiessendoutmore【2】thanwerealize.Infact,non-verbalcommunicationtakesupabout50%ofwhatwereally【3】.Andbodylanguageisparticularly【4】whenweattempttocommunicateacrosscultures.Indeed,whatiscalledbodylanguageisso【5】apartofusthatit'sactuallyoftenunnoticed.Andmisunderstandingsoccurasaresultofit.Forexample,differentsocietiestreatthe【6】betweenpeopledifferently.NorthernEuropeansusuallydonotlikehaving【7】contactevenwithfriends,andcertainlynotwithstrangers.PeoplefromLatinAmericancountries【8】,toucheachotherquitealot.Therefore,it'spossiblethatin【9】,itmaylooklikeaLatinois【10】aNorwegianallovertheroom.TheLatino,tryingtoexpressfriendship,willkeepmoving【11】.TheNorwegian,veryprobablyseeingthisaspushiness,willkeepbackingaway-whichtheLatinowillinreturnregardascoldness.Clearly,agreatdealisgoingonwhenpeople【12】,Andonlyapartofitisinthewordsthemselves.Andwhenpartiesarefromdifferentcultures,there'sastrongpossibilityof【13】,Butwhateverthesituation,thebest【14】istoobeytheGoldenRule:treatothersasyouwouldliketobe【15】.【1】A.straighter B.louder C.harder D.further【2】A.sounds B.invitations C.feeling D.messages【3】A.hope B.receive C.discover D.mean【4】A.immediate B.misleading C.important D.difficult【5】A.well B.far C.much D.long【6】A.trade B.distance C.connections D.greetings【7】A.eye B.verbal C.bodily D.telephone【8】A.inotherwords B.ontheotherhand C.inasimilarway D.byallmeans【9】A.trouble B.conversation C.silence D.experiment【10】A.disturbing B.helping C.guiding D.following【11】A.closer B.faster C.in D.away【12】A.talk B.travel C.laugh D.think【13】A.curiosity B.excitement C.misunderstanding D.nervousness【14】A.chance B.time C.result D.advice【15】A.noticed B.treated C.respected D.pleased【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】體態(tài)語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文【答案】【1】B【2】D【3】D【4】C【5】C【6】B【7】C【8】B【9】B【10】D【11】A【12】A【13】C【14】D【15】B【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了肢體語(yǔ)言的重要性。文章指出肢體語(yǔ)言是最強(qiáng)大的語(yǔ)言，是我們生活中非常重要的一部分，但是我們常常忽略了它，由此產(chǎn)生了誤解。同時(shí)舉例說(shuō)明了因?yàn)槲幕町愒诮徽勚须p方可能導(dǎo)致的誤解。就此文章建議遵守黃金法則：你希望別人怎么對(duì)待你，你就怎么對(duì)待別人?！?】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：肢體語(yǔ)言比話(huà)語(yǔ)更有說(shuō)服力。A.straighter更直的；B.louder更大聲的；C.harder更難的；D.further更遠(yuǎn)的。由首句“肢體語(yǔ)言是所有語(yǔ)言中沉默、秘密而又最有威力的語(yǔ)言！”可知，本句應(yīng)表示“肢體語(yǔ)言比話(huà)語(yǔ)更有說(shuō)服力”，所以本題選擇louder。故選B。【2】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：根據(jù)專(zhuān)家的說(shuō)法，我們的身體發(fā)出的信息比我們意識(shí)到的要多。A.sounds聲音；B.invitations邀請(qǐng)；C.feeling感覺(jué)；D.messages消息。結(jié)合上文ourbodiessendoutmore可知人的身體發(fā)出的是message“信息”，故選D?！?】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：事實(shí)上，非言語(yǔ)交際占據(jù)了我們真正想表達(dá)意思的大約50%。A.hope希望；B.receive收到；C.discover發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.mean意味著，意思是。結(jié)合上文ourbodiessendoutmore我們身體發(fā)出更多信息以及non-verbalcommunicationtakesupabout50%ofwhatwereally可知非言語(yǔ)交際占據(jù)了我們真正想表達(dá)意思的大約50%。故選D。【4】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我們嘗試跨文化交流時(shí)，肢體語(yǔ)言尤為重要。A.immediate.立即的；B.misleading誤導(dǎo)的；C.important重要的；D.difficult困難的。根據(jù)下文的舉例論述可知當(dāng)涉及跨文化交流時(shí)，肢體語(yǔ)言尤為重要，也與第一段第一句Bodylanguageisthequiet,secretandmostpowerfullanguageofall!相呼應(yīng)，都是在強(qiáng)調(diào)肢體語(yǔ)言的重要性。故選important“重要的”。故選C?！?】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：事實(shí)上，所謂的肢體語(yǔ)言是我們生活中非常重要的一部分，以至于我們常常忽略了它。A.well好的；B.far遠(yuǎn)的；C.much許多的；D.long長(zhǎng)的。肢體語(yǔ)言幾乎已經(jīng)成為我們的組成部分，以致常常被忽視。此處實(shí)際上是對(duì)“somucha(n)+名詞”的用法的考查。somuchapart表示“如此重要的一部分”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有此用法的只有much。故選C。【6】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：例如，不同的社會(huì)對(duì)待人與人之間的距離是不同的。A.trade貿(mào)易；B.distance距離；C.connections連接；D.greetings打招呼。不同的社會(huì)對(duì)人們之間的距離有不同認(rèn)識(shí)?？崭窈竺娴谋睔W人和拉丁美洲人的例子都與distance“距離有關(guān)。故選B。【7】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：北歐人通常不喜歡身體接觸，即使是和朋友，當(dāng)然也不喜歡和陌生人。A.eye名詞，眼睛；B.verbal形容詞，口頭的；C.bodily形容詞，身體的；D.telephone名詞，電話(huà)。北歐人通常不喜歡肢體的接觸，故選bodily“身體的”，下一小題空后面的toucheachother是提示。故選C?！?】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：另一方面，來(lái)自拉丁美洲國(guó)家的人互相觸碰的次數(shù)很多。A.inotherwords換句話(huà)說(shuō)；B.ontheotherhand另一方面；C.inasimilarway換同樣的方式；D.byallmeans一定。由上文可知，上文提到了北歐人不喜歡身體接觸，而“另一方面（ontheotherhand）”拉丁美洲人喜歡肢體接觸。故選B。【9】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，在交談中，有可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)拉丁美洲人跟著一個(gè)挪威人滿(mǎn)屋子跑的情況。A.trouble麻煩；B.conversation對(duì)話(huà)；C.silence沉默；D.experiment試驗(yàn)。結(jié)合后文TheLatino，tryi