高考英語七選五專題課件

七選五2019-2021年高考全國卷七選五考點(diǎn)統(tǒng)計(jì)表項(xiàng)目內(nèi)容試卷主題句過渡句總結(jié)概括句2021全國甲卷140全國乙卷2212020全國Ⅰ卷131全國Ⅱ卷140全國Ⅲ卷2212019全國Ⅰ卷230全國Ⅱ卷140全國Ⅲ卷131合計(jì)11254[考情分析]閱讀七選五題型實(shí)質(zhì)上就是句子復(fù)位題,重點(diǎn)考查考生的閱讀理解能力、語篇分析能力以及上下文的邏輯關(guān)系判斷能力。通過對近三年高考題的分析可知:1.此類題型題目的設(shè)置難度逐漸加大,體裁以說明文居多,2021年甲卷和

乙卷繼續(xù)使用說明文,新高考全國Ⅰ卷使用了記敘文。2.考點(diǎn)分布合理,突出對主題句和過渡句的考查,2021年高考對總結(jié)概括

句考查較少。3.根據(jù)此類題型特點(diǎn),預(yù)計(jì)2022年會(huì)繼續(xù)側(cè)重對說明文和記敘文的考查,

同時(shí)關(guān)注議論文?？键c(diǎn)一主題句七選五在很大程度上考查考生對所讀材料的理解和把握,主題句的設(shè)置就是一個(gè)很好的例證。此類題型設(shè)空往往在段落首或段落尾,偶爾也會(huì)在段落中出現(xiàn)。考生需通過對整個(gè)段落細(xì)細(xì)推敲,提煉出其內(nèi)在含義,才能較輕松地找出對應(yīng)的選項(xiàng)。[典例1](2021·全國甲卷片段)?38.

.Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarrytheir“new”clotheshome.

E.DonatewhateverclothesareleftoverF.HaveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspotsG.Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition答案及解析:38.G本句是主題句。根據(jù)下文可知,去的時(shí)候應(yīng)該為交換所得的“新衣服”準(zhǔn)備袋子。G項(xiàng)說明去參加衣物交換的時(shí)候應(yīng)該帶干凈、完好的衣服,其中的bring和下文中carry相對,都是為交換衣物所做的準(zhǔn)備。下文中的also也是提示詞,并且其中They指代G項(xiàng)的everyone。所以G項(xiàng)符合語境。故選G。[典例2](2021·全國乙卷片段)36.

,ifyou’reoutofyourcomfortzoneorifyou’rewanderingintosomebody’shouseforthefirsttime.Sothemainthingisjusttoshowupandbeadventurous,tryingdifferentfoodsandtalkingtostrangers.

A.HowdoyouknowthehostB.ThefirststepistogoexploringC.Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?”答案及解析:36.B本句是主題句。由下文內(nèi)容可推知,敢于表現(xiàn)、敢于冒險(xiǎn),嘗試不同的食物以及與陌生人交談,這些是需要探索的事。B項(xiàng)“Thefirststepistogoexploring”位于段首,具有統(tǒng)領(lǐng)下文的作用,符合題意。故選B?？键c(diǎn)二過渡句在做此類題型時(shí)考生應(yīng)注重上下文的語句、詞匯或短語提示,如表示遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折或讓步關(guān)系的過渡詞語:furthermore,however,onthecontrary,although,though,while等,然后結(jié)合文章整體的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)確定正確選項(xiàng)。[典例1](2021·全國乙卷片段)Peoplelovetotalkaboutthemselves.Ifyoucanstarttheconversationwithaquestionotherthan“Whatdoyoudoforaliving?”,you’llbeabletogetalotmoreinterestingconversationoutofwhomeveritisyou’retalkingto.37.

,itcanbringin“Ihavethisold,broken-downvehicle”or“Irodethebuswiththesecrazypeoplewhowerelaughingatsillyjokesintheback.”Itjustopensupconversation.

A.HowdoyouknowthehostB.Thefirststepistogoexploring答案及解析:37.C本空是過渡句。根據(jù)下文可知,是有關(guān)交通方式的問題。C項(xiàng)“如果你問‘你怎么來的?’”能夠承接下文,符合題意。故選C。[典例2](2021·全國甲卷片段)Youkeephearingaboutrecycling,right?Butitdoesn’tendwithbottles,cans,andpaper.Clothingtakesahugeamountofnaturalresources(資源)tomake,andbuyingloadsofnewclothing(orthrowingoutoldclothing)isnothealthyfortheenvironment.Sowhattodowithallthoseperfectly-good-but-you’re-maybe-a-little-sick-of-themclothespiledonyourbedroomfloor?36.

.It’sthebestwaytogetridofyourusedclothes,scoreclothesfromyourfriends,andhaveapartyallatthesametime.

A.LesspeoplethanthatB.HoldaclothingswapC.Iftwopeoplearecompeting答案及解析:36.B本空是過渡句。根據(jù)上文及下文內(nèi)容可知,提到了具體處理舊衣物的方法。所以空白處應(yīng)起承上啟下的作用,承接上文講到的問題,啟下提出的方法。因而空白處是提出了一種處理舊衣物的好方法。B項(xiàng)給出了一種處理舊衣物的方法,承上啟下,符合語境。故選B?？键c(diǎn)三總結(jié)概括句此類題的設(shè)題特點(diǎn)是空缺的設(shè)置往往在段落的中間或最后,所填語句是對上文或下文,甚至是對整個(gè)段落大意的總結(jié)和概括。考生應(yīng)該注意文章中或者選項(xiàng)中有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些表示概括和總結(jié)關(guān)系的詞語,它們可以幫助確定正確的選項(xiàng),如:inconclusion,toconclude,intheend,finally,lastly,fromtheinformationabove,wecanconcludethat等。[典例1](2021·全國乙卷片段)38.

F

?Ifyoucan’ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox(講臺(tái)).Ifyou’rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.39.

.

D.BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersE.OrturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosayF.Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalkingG.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost答案及解析:39.E考查總結(jié)概括句。本段主要是為解決“喝太多酒或一直說個(gè)不?！边@個(gè)問題提供方法。E項(xiàng)是提出的解決辦法,承接上文,符合題意。故選E。[典例2](2020·全國Ⅰ卷片段)·Recognizeallofyourstrengths.Writethemdowninajournal.Begintotrainyourbraintolookatstrengthbeforeweakness.Listallofyouraccomplishmentsandachievements.Youhaveajob,earnedyourdegree,andyougotoutofbedtoday.39.

C.Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.D.Remember,youareonlyhuman.E.Setanintentionforself-acceptance.答案及解析:39.C考查總結(jié)概括句。本段主要講要認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)并列舉出你的成就,由空前一句“Youhaveajob,earnedyourdegree,andyougotoutofbedtoday.”可知,再小的事也應(yīng)慶祝,C項(xiàng)符合語境。

七選五多以議論文、說明文為主。因此,破解七選五可從體裁入手。1.解答議論文體的七選五題,首先要把握好所論述的中心問題。通常所挖空缺與選

項(xiàng)都以一條主線為主。其次,此類文章中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)一些邏輯關(guān)系詞,對于理解文

章與判定答案很有幫助。如:(1)并列與遞進(jìn)關(guān)系and,indeed,also,besides,almost,even,similarly,like,accordingly,inthesameway,meanwhile,furthermore,moreover,too等。(2)轉(zhuǎn)折與讓步關(guān)系but,yet,however,although,though,while,despite,bycontrast,onthecontrary,nevertheless等。(3)例證關(guān)系forexample,forinstance,suchas,foronething,thatis,namely等。2.解答說明文體的七選五題,首先要確定說明的事物。有時(shí)說明的事物并

不單一,甚至一段一個(gè)項(xiàng)目。這就要求考生在理解短文內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上,

分辨出選項(xiàng)部分從結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容上看分別是屬于文章的哪個(gè)部分,并和空

白處的上下文有機(jī)地銜接起來。當(dāng)然,此類文章也有一些可以幫助考生

理清思路的邏輯關(guān)系詞。如:(1)總結(jié)說明關(guān)系thus,therefore,inconclusion,asaresult,inshort,tosumup,toconclude,inaword等。(2)定義關(guān)系namely,inotherwords,thatis(tosay),orrather等。(3)因果關(guān)系therefore,thus,asaresult,forthisreason等。專題訓(xùn)練Passage1(2021·四川成都高三月考)TipsforManagingStressTherearecountlessevidence-basedtipsyoncanusetofightthenegativeeffectsofstressinhealthyways.Someinclude:Exercise.1.

Infact,studiessuggestthosewhoexerciseregularlyfeellessstresscomparedwiththosewhodon’t.Anykindofmovementisbetterthannone.Bestofall,walking,running,anddoingyogaathomeareallfree.

2.

Figuringoutwhat’sreallybotheringyouandhowtobeatitcanbechallenging.It’snotalwayspossibletoavoidorescapestress,butjusttryingtochangeyourenvironmentputsyouincontrol,andthatcanmakeyoufeelbetter.

Getsomesleep.3.

Losingsleepcanaffectyourmindandyourabilitytothink,andcaneventuallymakeyoufeeldepressed.Whatworks?Youprobablyalreadyknowaboutskippingcaffeineandtryingmeditation(沉思)andexercise.

Limitsocialmedia.Admitit,watchingimagesofyourneighbour’sfamilyontheirtooidealvacationcanbestressful.Socanthereportofglobaldisastersyoucan’tdoanythingabout.Feelingoutofcontrolisstressful,andsocialmediadoesn’thelp.4.

Helpothers.Studiesshowthatgivingtoothers,includinglendingahandtofriendsandfamilyorvolunteeringyourtimetocharity,canincreasepositiveemotionsanddecreasestress.5.

Eathealthily.There’sareason.Stresscansetoffyourfeelingsforfatandsugar,but“eatyourfeeling”haslong-term,negativeconsequencesforyourweightandoverallhealth.Abetterdietwillmakeyoufeelmuchstronger,physicallyandemotionally.A.Seekprofessionalhelp.B.Identifyandreducewhatcausesstress.C.Abadnight’ssleepmakeseverythingworse,especiallystress.D.Butyoushouldmakesurethegivingdoesn’taddtoyourstress.E.Sodoyourselfafavouranddisconnectyoursocialmediaconnections.F.Exercisingmaynotbeacure,butitcanhelpstressedpeoplefeelmuchbetter.G.Thesituationisstressful,buttheoutcomemakesthewholeexperienceworthwhile.答案及解析:1.F考查學(xué)生理解上下文語義,建立段落內(nèi)語義連貫的能力。上文段首“Exercise.”點(diǎn)明本段主題,應(yīng)對壓力要加強(qiáng)鍛煉,選項(xiàng)F“鍛煉可能不是一種治療方法,但是它可以幫助壓力大的人感覺好一點(diǎn)?！眹@主題,進(jìn)一步說明鍛煉的作用。選項(xiàng)中Exercising與上下文中的exercise語義一致。故選F。2.B考查學(xué)生理解上下文語義,建立段落內(nèi)語義連貫的能力。下文“Figuringoutwhat’sreallybotheringyouandhowtobeatitcanbechallenging.”說明找到壓力的來源并且戰(zhàn)勝它,選項(xiàng)B“找出并減少導(dǎo)致壓力的原因”位于段首可以點(diǎn)明本段主題,說明要弄清楚造成壓力的原因,從根本上減少壓力,戰(zhàn)勝它。和下文語義一致。故選B。3.C考查學(xué)生理解平行和遞進(jìn)語義連貫的具體信息的能力。上文段首“Getsomesleep.”點(diǎn)明本段主題,應(yīng)對壓力要睡好覺,選項(xiàng)C“晚上睡眠不好會(huì)讓一切變得更糟,尤其是壓力?！眹@主題,進(jìn)一步闡明睡眠的作用。選項(xiàng)中sleep和上文sleep語義一致。故選C。4.E考查學(xué)生理解因果關(guān)聯(lián)意義的信息的能力。上文段首“Limitsocialmedia.”以及上文內(nèi)容說明應(yīng)對壓力需要限制自己對社交媒體的接觸,選項(xiàng)E“所以幫自己一個(gè)忙,切斷你的社交媒體聯(lián)系?！蔽挥诙挝?呼應(yīng)段首,圍繞主題。選項(xiàng)中“disconnectyoursocialmediaconnections”和主題句“Limitsocialmedia”語義一致。故選E。5.D考查學(xué)生理解語義轉(zhuǎn)折句的銜接關(guān)系的能力。上文段首“Helpothers.”點(diǎn)明本段主題,應(yīng)對壓力要幫助別人,以及“Studiesshowthatgivingtoothers,includinglendingahandto...increasepositiveemotionsanddecreasestress.”說明,研究表明,幫助別人能夠減少自己的壓力,選項(xiàng)D“但是你應(yīng)該確保給予不會(huì)增加你的壓力”圍繞主題,轉(zhuǎn)折語義,說明要辯證地看問題,選項(xiàng)中g(shù)iving和上文“Helpothers”以及“givingtoothers”語義一致,故選D。HomeworkAFewActiveListeningGuidelinesListeningisprobablythemostimportantelementofinterpersonalcommunication.Ourabilitytolistenaffectsthequalityofallofourrelationships,andnotjustathomewithourfamilyandfriends—itcanalsoaffectourrelationshipsandinteractions(交流)onthejob,aswellastheeffectivenessandqualityofourwork.Listeningisnotsomethingthatcomesnaturallyoreasilyformostofus.1.

Activelisteningmeansthedifferencebetweensimplyhearing,andlisteningwiththeintentiontotrulyunderstand.Itisasubtlebutimportantdistinction.

?GivefocusedattentionTrytominimizeoutsidedisturbance.Turndownthenoise,andputdownorstepawayfromwhatyou’redoingifpossible.2.

Don’twatchtheclock,keepmovingyourhandsorgooveryourto-dolistforlater.

?KeepeyecontactDirecteyecontactshowsyourattentionandintentiontolisten.3.

Bereasonable,buttrynottoletyoureyeswandertowhateverisgoingonaroundyou.

?ReflectbackRestate,butdon’trepeatwordforword.Para