托福寫作話題詞匯

教育學(xué)校教育schooling家庭教育upbringing;parenting課程大綱curriculum教學(xué)大綱syllabus必修課required/compulsorycourses,選修課elective/optionalcourses課夕卜活動(dòng)extra-curricularactivities社團(tuán)活動(dòng)clubactivities志愿者效勞volunteerservice社區(qū)工作communitywork實(shí)習(xí)internship學(xué)生會(huì)studentunion男生/女生聯(lián)誼會(huì)fraternity&sorority校園生活school/campuslife學(xué)校是社會(huì)的縮影aschoolissocietyinminiature文科liberalarts/liberalstudies理科sciences工科engineering人文學(xué)科humanities社會(huì)學(xué)科socialscience藝術(shù)arts學(xué)科subject/discipline根底科學(xué)basicsciences應(yīng)用科學(xué)appliedsciences小學(xué)教育primary-leveleducation;elementaryeducation中學(xué)教育secondary-leveleducation大學(xué)教育tertiary-leveleducation;highereducation職業(yè)教育vocationaleducation/training接受教育enter/getaccesstoschools/education學(xué)位degree(bachelor,master,doctor/PhD)文憑diploma,證書certificate青少年teenagers/adolescents/theyounggeneration/theyouths學(xué)生students(freshman,sophomore,junior,senior)上課attendclasses逃課skipclass,beabsentfromclass老師/學(xué)生為中央'的課堂teacher-centered/student-centered/classroom有水平的/有資格的/有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的/良好培訓(xùn)的老師competent/qualified/experienced/well-trainedteachers無水平的/不夠格的/欠經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老師incompetent/disqualified/inexperienced/poorly-trainedteacherswell-equipped/well-appointed/well-decoratedclassrooms設(shè)施良好的/裝修良好的教室先進(jìn)的教學(xué)設(shè)施up-to-dateteachingfacilities

printer,photocopier)傳授理論知識(shí)教授職業(yè)技能灌輸高尚的道德觀鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生追求夢(mèng)想laboratory,library,multimediaresources(computer,projector,speaker,microphoneprinter,photocopier)傳授理論知識(shí)教授職業(yè)技能灌輸高尚的道德觀鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生追求夢(mèng)想instructprofessional/practicalskillsinstill/advocatehighmoralvaluesandprinciplesgivestudentsthemotivationtopursuetheirdreamsmotivatestudentstofulfilltheirlifegoals喚起學(xué)生對(duì)文理知識(shí)的好奇心arousestudents'curiosityaboufertsandscience激發(fā)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新思維inspire/stimulatestudents'innovativethoughts鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生批判/辯證/獨(dú)立思維encouragestudentstothinkcritically/dialectically/independently告訴學(xué)生各學(xué)科間的聯(lián)系informstudentsofthecorrelationbetweendifferentdisciplines塑造學(xué)生的人生目標(biāo)和價(jià)值觀念shapestudents;lifegoalsandphilosophy促進(jìn)學(xué)生身體/心理/智力/情感的開展promotestudents'physical/mental/intellectual/emotionaldevelopment保持身心健康maintainphysical/psychologicalhealth/soundness適應(yīng)逆境的育昌力adapttoadversity/adversecircumstances在理解的根底上學(xué)習(xí)learnthingsthroughunderstanding塑造某人的性格mould/buildone'scharacter培養(yǎng)責(zé)任感cultivateasenseofresponsibility按時(shí)完成作業(yè)complete/accomplishassignment(presentation/report/essay/paper/thesis/dissertation)ontime填鴨式教學(xué)force-feed/spoon-feedtheknowledgetothestudents死t己硬背learnthingsbyrote,spitbackpredigestedideas,cramforexams機(jī)械記憶概念、方程式、公式、定理和定律mechanicallymemorizeconcepts,equations,formulas,theoremsandlaws盲從…的指令followsomeone'sorderblindly/indiscriminately(advs)限制創(chuàng)造力的開展extinguish/stifle/constraincreativity打擊學(xué)生的學(xué)生積極性dampen/sapstudent;senthusiasmforlearningfrustratethestudents激起不必要的同輩壓力beget/intensifyunduepeerpressure基于智力差異/學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)/社會(huì)背景對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行別離教育segregatestudentsonbasisoftheirintellectualdisparity/academicperformance/socialbackground評(píng)價(jià)老師白教學(xué)appraise/evaluate/assessteachersperformance從學(xué)生中獲得建設(shè)性反應(yīng)/建議gainconstructivefeedbacks/suggestionsfromstudents使學(xué)生對(duì)教學(xué)過程有更大的發(fā)言權(quán)givestudentsagreatersayintheteaching-learningprocess對(duì)授課進(jìn)行監(jiān)督provideanoversightoverlectures改善教學(xué)方法improveteachingmethodology/pedagogicalmethodology減少教職員工的懈怠態(tài)度minimizeslackattitudeamongteachingfaculty損害老師在課堂中的權(quán)威性impairtheauthorityofteachersintheclassroom對(duì)課程/老師持有偏見/不負(fù)責(zé)的評(píng)論holdbiasedopinions/irresponsiblecommentsonacourse/teacher導(dǎo)致學(xué)生不守紀(jì)律/行為不端breedindiscipline/misbehaviorsamongstudents小組學(xué)習(xí)有助于學(xué)生們了解團(tuán)隊(duì)工作的重要性和提升他們的社會(huì)技能.Studyinginagrouphelpsstudentstounderstandtheimportanceofteam-workandimprovetheirsocialskills.學(xué)生們?cè)诤献鲗W(xué)習(xí)中獲得不同的觀點(diǎn)和經(jīng)驗(yàn).Studentsgain/obtainavarietyofperceptionsandexperienceincooperativelearning.休I/生活業(yè)余時(shí)間freetime/leisuretime/sparetime娛樂entertainment/recreation/amusement保持健康keepfit/healthy/inshape保持身體柔韌性keepthebodysoftandsupple強(qiáng)壯體魄buildone'smuscle提升免疫功能enhanceimmunefunction消耗多余脂肪/熱量burnoffextrafat/calories預(yù)防人們變胖preventpeoplefromgettingoverweight預(yù)防重大疾病guard---againstfataldiseases改善血液循環(huán)improvebloodcirculation增強(qiáng)耐力buildupone'sstamina訓(xùn)I練自制力trainself-discipline磨礪意志buildone'scharacter豐富知識(shí)enrichone'sknowledge開闊視里予broadenone'smind/horizon陶冶情操cultivateone'sminds凈化心靈purifyone'ssoul開展特長(zhǎng)developone'sspecialties增強(qiáng)自信和自尊boostone'sconfidenceandselsteem消除憂慮free/liberateoneselffromdailytrouble/worldlyconcerns緩解壓力relieve/ease/alleviate/releaseone'workpressure/mentalstress娛樂自我amuse/entertain/recreate/oneself勞逸結(jié)合keep/strike/maintainabalancebetweenworkandleisure豐富人生經(jīng)歷enrichlifeexperience欣賞自然景觀admire/appreciate/experiencethescenery/landscapeofMotherNature擴(kuò)大社交圈子widensocialcircle增進(jìn)友誼/人際關(guān)系strengthenfriendship/interpersonalrelations體驗(yàn)精神上的享受experiencementalamusementandenjoyment獲得他人的支持/撫慰/鼓勵(lì)/忠告/建議/建設(shè)性批評(píng)getsupport/comfort/encouragement/advice/suggestion/constructivecriticismfromothers工作體面的/理想的/收入好的工作decent/ideal/well-paidjobs卑微的/無價(jià)值的/收入低的工作menial/valueless/under-paidjobs月百力/體力勞動(dòng)mental/laborwork;white-collar/blue-collar申請(qǐng)兼職/臨時(shí)/實(shí)習(xí)職位applyforpart-time/temporaryjobs/internships獲得全職/永久職位get/land/secureafull-time/permanentjobposition有靈活的/緊湊的工作時(shí)間haveaflexible/tightschedule提供晉升空間provideagoodchanceofpromotion提供有前途的未來offerapromisingfuture為長(zhǎng)期職業(yè)目標(biāo)奠定根底pavethewayforlong-termcareerplan感至U歸屬感feelasenseofbelonging成認(rèn)某人的公司的努力/地位recognizeone'sefforts/statusinthecompany參與決策過程participateindecision-makingprocess充分發(fā)揮潛能/才華realizeone'sfullpotential/talents學(xué)會(huì)合作和妥協(xié)learntocooperateandcompromise自信面對(duì)劇烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)facethefierce/stiffcompetitionwithconfidence/self-assurance獲得頗豐的收入getfat/high/generoussalary/income/remuneration更新專業(yè)知識(shí)和技能updateone'sexpertiseandskills建立和諧的工作關(guān)系establishharmoniousworkingrelationship在員工陪B「［間形成協(xié)同作用createagreatsynergybetweendifferentemployees/departments改善人際/交流水平improveinterpersonal/communicativeskills掌握解決問題/治理/學(xué)歷的水平masterproblem-solving/managerial/learningskills提供穩(wěn)定感和滿足感affordstabilityandsatisfaction培養(yǎng)責(zé)任感developasenseofresponsibility獲得個(gè)人成就attainpersonalachievement/accomplishment出人頭地makeittothetopofinthesociety形成團(tuán)隊(duì)合作和相互尊重的氣氛createanatmosphereofteamspiritandmutualrespect理論付諸實(shí)踐puttheoriesintopractice;utilizebookknowledgeinreality;applythetheorieslearnedinschooltotheresolutionofpracticalproblems.獲得珍貴的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)obtaininvaluableworkingexperience強(qiáng)化個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷/任職育昌力strengthenone'sresumes/competence,在工作面試中占有先機(jī)haveanedge/advantageinjobinterviews與受歡送的雇主建立聯(lián)系buildimportantcontactswithsought-afteremployers,使?一熟悉某——產(chǎn)業(yè)的最新開展familiarizeonewiththecontemporarystateofanindustry迎接挑戰(zhàn)Standuptothechallenge/meetthechallenge實(shí)現(xiàn)人生價(jià)值realizethevaluesoflife豐富——個(gè)人的生活閱歷enrich/accumulateone'ssocialexperience培養(yǎng)自己的獨(dú)立性和堅(jiān)韌性cultivateone'sindependenceandtoughness追求個(gè)人開展seekforpersonaldevelopment展示才能和創(chuàng)造力displayone'stalentandcreativity獲得自我實(shí)現(xiàn)感g(shù)ainasenseofself-fulfillment/achievement為機(jī)構(gòu)/社會(huì)做出奉獻(xiàn)makeone'sowncontributiontoanorganization/thesociety確定自己的角色defineone'srole無薪力口班workovertimewithoutextrapay在團(tuán)隊(duì)中承當(dāng)太多壓力assume/shoulderexcessiveresponsibilitiesintheteam趕工作任務(wù)的最后期限meetthedeadlinesforworktasks應(yīng)對(duì)巨大工作壓力face/handleextremepressurefromwork生活有特殊審美價(jià)值的老房子01dbuildingofspecialaestheticvalue有特殊歷史意義的老房子buildingofhistoricsignificance讓城市更美觀beautify(vt)thecities/better(vt)thecityscape破舊的(房子)rundown/shabby/dilapidated撤除teardownabuilding/demolishabuilding/raze???totheground高樓high-rise/toweringbuildings摩天樓skyscrapers城市化urbanization縮/」、城鄉(xiāng)差距narrow/bridgethegapbetweenthecityandthecountryside城市city;urbanarea大者B市metropolis;cosmopolitancity鄉(xiāng)村thecountryside;ruralarea繁榮開展的developed/prosperous/thriving/booming落后貧窮的poor/needy/underdeveloped/poverty-stricken居民dweller,residents,inhabitant城市文明的舒適civilizedcomforts田園生活pastoral/idylliclife節(jié)奏快速的生活fast-pacedlife生活節(jié)奏力□速thetempo/paceoflivinghasaccelerated舒緩的生活節(jié)奏slow/gentlepaceoflife相對(duì)高/低的生活水平relativelypoor/highlivingstandards低廉的/飛漲的生活本錢low/skyrocketingcostofliving豐富的生活物資abundantlifenecessities多種多樣的娛樂方式variousformsofentertainment交通堵塞trafficjams/trafficcongestions人口激增Populationexplosion擁擠的/人多的crowded/populous人口稀少haveasmall/sparse/thinly-scatteredpopulation階級(jí)兩極分化Classpolarization貧窮的needy/poverty-stricken/impoverished/destitute/indigent富裕的affluent/wealthy/well-off失業(yè)unemployment/joblessness犯罪率上升arisingcrimerate社會(huì)沖突socialconflict社會(huì)穩(wěn)定socialstability提供更多的就業(yè)時(shí)機(jī)/職位offermorejobopportunities/openings現(xiàn)代生活的過大壓力overwhelmingpressure/stressofmodernlife情緒/精神/心理/社會(huì)/經(jīng)濟(jì)emotional/mental/psychological/social/financialstress社會(huì)福利socialwelfare根底設(shè)施infrastructure/publicfacilities/utilities便捷的交通工具Convenienttransportationmeans(airplane/aeroplane;car/automobile;train/high-speedtrain/bullettrain;bus;subway/underground/tube/metro;ship/ferry/vessel)公路/鐵路網(wǎng)road/railwaynetworks公共交通publictransportation電網(wǎng)powergrid

供水系統(tǒng)watersupply排水系統(tǒng)drainagesystem娛樂設(shè)施recreationalfacilitiescafes/bars/pubs/clubs/discos/parks/squares/cinemas/theatres/museums/artgalleries/aquariums/zoos/funfairs/shoppingmalls/supermarkets/departmentstores/restaurants/hotels體育設(shè)施sportfacilitiesgyms/stadiums/fitnesscenter公共教育體系publiceducationsystem醫(yī)療效勞medicalservice/medicalcare技術(shù)電月商personalcomputer,laptop,notebook,portablecomputers網(wǎng)絡(luò)theInternet,thevirtualworld,thecyberspace,WorldWideWeb搜索弓I擎searchengine信息和資源的分享傳播thesharingandspreadingofinformationandresources網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)onlinelearning;Internet-basedlearning;onlinecourses電子書籍/期刊e-books/onlinejournals網(wǎng)絡(luò)社交onlinechatting/socializing社交網(wǎng)站socialnetworkwebsites網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)訊/天氣預(yù)報(bào)onlinenewsletter/weatherbroadcast網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物onlineshopping//purchasing/buyingandselling網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻和音頻節(jié)目onlinevideoandaudioprogram網(wǎng)絡(luò)會(huì)議onlinevideoandaudiomeeting;teleconference網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪cybercrime網(wǎng)絡(luò)色情Internetporn網(wǎng)絡(luò)詐騙Internetfraud電子商務(wù)E-commerce,E-business生物技術(shù)biotechnology醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)medicaltechnology遠(yuǎn)程通訊telecommunications尖端的技術(shù)cutting-edge/up-to-date/state-of-the-art/advancedtechnology信息爆炸informationexplosion/anoverloadofinformation信息時(shí)代theinformationage/era互聯(lián)網(wǎng)被廣泛的應(yīng)用theproliferationoftheInternet科技創(chuàng)新與開展technologicalinnovations/inventions/advances/progress接入網(wǎng)絡(luò)getaccesstotheInternet打破時(shí)空界限breakthelimitsofspaceandtime打破國(guó)與國(guó)之間的文化、宗教、意識(shí)形態(tài)的障礙breakthecultural/religious/ideologicalbarriersofdifferentnations節(jié)省時(shí)間、節(jié)省體力〔能源〕time-saving,energy-saving消耗時(shí)間、消耗體力浪費(fèi)時(shí)間、浪費(fèi)精力為…犧牲個(gè)人時(shí)間〔能源〕energy-consuming,energy-consumingtime消耗時(shí)間、消耗體力浪費(fèi)時(shí)間、浪費(fèi)精力為…犧牲個(gè)人時(shí)間sacrificeprivatetimefor…高效禾U用makethebestuseof;takefulladvantageof;utilizeefficiently提升效率augment/enhance/boostefficiency提升生產(chǎn)效率augment/enhance/bootsproductivity減少人力的機(jī)器labor-savingmachinery取代人力的機(jī)器labor-replacingmachinery自動(dòng)化automation(n)/automatic(adj)徹底變革transform/revolutionize/fundamentallychangesth.以——種史無前例的速度向前開展advance/progressatanunprecedentedrate突發(fā)猛進(jìn)地開展sthisadvancingbyleapsandbounds產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響create/profound/far-reaching/pervasiveinfluence/impact/effect促進(jìn)文化交流promoteculturalexchange增強(qiáng)國(guó)際交流和合作strengtheninternationalcommunicationandcooperation電腦的使用有助于老師和學(xué)生擴(kuò)寬他們的知識(shí)面.Theuseofcomputerscanhelpteachersandstudentsbroadentheirhorizons.掌握電腦的使用為學(xué)生未來的職業(yè)開展奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)的根底.Themasteryofcomputertechniqueslaysasolidfoundationforstudentscareerdevelopmentinthefuture.一些學(xué)生過分沉迷于網(wǎng)絡(luò)會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響學(xué)習(xí).SomeofstudentsareobsessedwiththeInternet,whichwillnegativelyaffecttheirstudy.過度使用電腦會(huì)應(yīng)影響身體健康.Excessiveuseofcomputerposesaseriousthreattohealthofstudents.人們可以通過電腦和因特網(wǎng)在家辦公.PeoplecantelecommutethroughtheInternetandcomputers.人們需要不斷接受職業(yè)培訓(xùn)以便趕上新科技的快速開展.Peoplehavetocontinuevocationaltrainingtokeeppacewiththefastdevelopmentoftechnology電腦和辦公自動(dòng)化使得人們更有效地工作.Computerizationandofficeautomationenablepeopletoworkmorequicklyandeffectively.降低日常開支/租金/文具及設(shè)備開支reduceoverheads/rent/expensesonofficestationeryandequipments汽車、飛機(jī)和鐵路的普及大大減少了人們?cè)诼吠旧媳疾ǖ臅r(shí)間.Thepopularityofautomobiles,airplanesandrailwaysgreatlyreducepeople'scommutine.tim媒體新聞界thepress/journalism群眾媒體massmedia平面媒體theprintmedia新聞的機(jī)構(gòu)newsoutlets無處不在prevalent/ubiquitous/pervasive各種各樣沖動(dòng)人心的節(jié)目variousthrillingprograms如實(shí)的報(bào)道factualaccounts可信的reliable/trustworthy/dependable客觀公正的objectiveandbalanced及時(shí)的up-to-the-minute/up-to-date信息量大的informative娛樂性強(qiáng)的entertaining教育性的educational/instructive制造交流話題createtopicsofdiscussion力口強(qiáng)家庭關(guān)系strengthenthefamilyties/theemotionalbondoffamilymembers喚起社會(huì)的良知或者責(zé)任感awakentheconscienceofsociety傳播知識(shí)與科學(xué)spread/diffuse/disseminateknowledgeandscience明辨是非distinguish/differentiaterightfromwrong揭露事實(shí)和真理reveal/disclosetruthsandfacts低質(zhì)量節(jié)目poor-qualityprograms收視率audienceratings追求最大限度利潤(rùn)pursuemaximumprofit狗仔隊(duì)paparazzi(復(fù)數(shù))名人celebrities/(TV/sports/political)?personalities侵3日隱私/私生活violate/intrudeon/infringeonsomeone'sprivacy/privatelife破壞某人的名譽(yù)ruin/damage/smearone'sreputation/prestige滿足心理需要satisfypeople'spsychologicalneeds丑聞scandals緋聞gossips充滿著befloodedwith/besaturatedwith/beinundatedwith過多的暴力與色情內(nèi)容excessiveviolentandpornographiccontents媒體炒作mediahype夸大事實(shí)exaggerate/overstate/blowthingsoutofallproportions不公正的報(bào)道biasedcoverage有誤導(dǎo)性的misleading/misrepresented/distorted詐騙性的fraudulent虛假的false/bogus使??喪失了想象力和創(chuàng)造力deprivesomebodyofone'simaginationandcreativity不能區(qū)別假象和現(xiàn)實(shí)failtotellthedifferencebetweenillusionandreality盲目追求時(shí)尚followthefashionblindly疏遠(yuǎn)家人和朋友a(bǔ)lienateoneselffromthefamilyandfriends與現(xiàn)實(shí)隔絕bedetachedfromreality模仿暴力/反社會(huì)行為imitateviolent/anti-socialbehaviors激發(fā)少年犯罪triggerjuvenilecrimes審查censor(vt)/censorship(n)監(jiān)督scrutinize/monitor/oversee道德/行為準(zhǔn)貝Ucodeofethics/codeofconduct國(guó)家/地區(qū)文化特性culturalidentityofanation/region全球文化同一化過程globalculturalhomogenization文化同一性culturalhomogeneity/culturaluniformity地球村theglobalvillage環(huán)境生態(tài)系統(tǒng)ecosystem/ecologicalsystem生物多樣性biodiversity打破生態(tài)平衡disturbecologicalbalance/ecologicalequilibrium保持生態(tài)平衡keep/maintainecologicalbalance形成惡性循環(huán)formaviciouscircle某——地區(qū)的動(dòng)植物animalsandplants/floraandfauna/thewildlifeinaregion瀕危動(dòng)物Endangeredanimals自然棲息地naturalhabitat野生保護(hù)區(qū)wildlifereserve可持續(xù)開展sustainabledevelopment環(huán)保主義者environmentalist/conservationists環(huán)境友好的environmentally-friendly生態(tài)友好的eco-friendly肥沃的土壤fertilesoil貧瘠的土壤infertilesoil耕地arableland/farmland增加農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量boostcropyield開采自然資源exploitnaturalresources消耗consume/deplete/useup節(jié)約save/conserve/economizeon保護(hù)preserve/protect/safeguard再禾U用reuse/recycle用盡useup/exhaust污染pollute/contaminate/dirty污水effluent/sewage排放discharge/release廢物處理wastedisposal有毒物質(zhì)化學(xué)材料poisonous/toxic/hazardoussubstances/chemicals農(nóng)業(yè)/工業(yè)/家庭廢物agricultural/industrial/householdwaste;車輛尾氣vehicleexhaustemission/fumes/gas化石燃料fossilfuels(coal,crudeoil,petroleum,gasoline,dieseloil,naturalgas)環(huán)保型/可再生能源Environmental-friendly/renewableenergies(solarenergy,windpower,tidalpower,hydroenergy,electricpower,nuclearenergy,biofuel,biogas)災(zāi)害Disastersandcatastrophes:(flood,drought,mudslide,sandstorm,acidrain,oilspill,nuclearleak,airpollution,greenhouseeffect,globalwarming,unstableclimate,desertification,landdegradation,soilerosion,watercontamination,speciesextinction)各國(guó)攜手countriesmustjoinforces/makesaconcertedeffort/uniteasone解決環(huán)境問題combat/tackle/resolve/addressenvironmentalproblems嚴(yán)厲的舉措harshaction/measures增強(qiáng)公眾的意識(shí)raisethepublicawarenessofsth提倡彳氐碳生活advocatealow-carbonlifeMandirtiestheairwithpoisonousgasandsmoke,poisonsthewaterwithchemicalsandothersubstances,anddamagesthesoilwithtoomanyfertilizersandpesticides.Peopleshowanappallingdisregardfortheenvironment.Theythrowawayhouseholdwastesortakeawayspackaginginpublicplaces.Theyoperatemotorvehiclesthatfilltheairwithdisturbingnoiseandhazardousgases.Theyhuntandkillanimalsforprofittothepointofextinction.Untreatedsewagewaspouredintoriversandseas.Acidrainwascausedbythepoisonousgasesreleasedfromindustriesandautomobiles.Marinelifeisthreatenedbyoilspillsortoxicwastesofwhichfactoriesdispose.Scientistsbelievethatifhumansdonottakemeasurestocontroltheemissionofgreenhousegases,thetemperatureoftheearthwillcontinuetogrow.Eventually,thiscouldmeltthepolaricecapsandcausedevastatingcostalfloodingallovertheworld.Pollutionofsoilreducestheamountofarablelandavailableintheworld.Badlypollutedaircancauseillness,andevendeath.contaminatedwaterkillsfishandothermarinelife.Waterpollutionreducestheamountofpure,freshwaterthatisavailableforsuchnecessitiesasdrinkingandcleaning,andforsuchactivitiesasswimmingandfishing.Ourgovernmentshouldintroducestrongerandharsherlawsandregulationstodiminishsuchbehaviorsaslitteringandwaste-dumping.Educationalactivitiesshouldbesponsoredbythegovernmenttopromotepublicawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.Weshouldsetupdustbinsoneverystreetandalleytocollectglass,paper,andaluminumthatcanbeconvertedbackintorawmaterials.Therubbishshouldbeclassifiedscientificallysothattherecyclingprocedurecanachievehighefficiency.Inordertoreducetheamountoftoxicgasesandgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere,governmentsatalllevelsmayadopttherulethatodd-numberedvehiclesareallowedtorunonlyonodddatesandeven-numberedcarsonevendates.健康A(chǔ)noverabundanceofTV-viewing,asmanyscientistpointout,mayleadtoanincreaseinobesityamongkids.AschildrenspendmostoftheirfreetimewatchingTVprogrammes,theyseldomdoexercisesintheopenairandthus,getusedtoasedentarylifestyle.overabundance過多,過量obesity月巴胖癥sedentary久坐的Someformsofairpollutionmightbeaslightannoyancetoahealthpersonbutlife-threateningtosomeonewithemphysemaoranotherrespiratorydisorder.annoyance煩惱,擾人之事emphysema肺氣腫respiratory呼吸的Exposuretonoisemayresultinarangeofpossiblephysicaleffectsincluding:headaches,nausea,increasedbloodpressure,othercardiovascularchangesandgeneralfatigue.exposure>f|arangeof——系歹Unausea惡心cardiovascular心血管的fatigue疲勞Smokingisthemaincauseofnotonlylungcancerbutalsomanyotherdiseasessuchascorethroat,heartattacks,etc.Inaddition,smokingalsospeedsuptheprocessofagingandbringsaboutwrinklesonpeople'sfaces.lungcancer肺癌sorethroat咽喉痛heartattacks心、臟病aging衰老wrinkle皺紋Inordertomaketheirfoodmoretasty,restaurantsoftenservedisheswithexcessiveoil,sugarandotheradditives.Asaconsequence,peoplewhoofteneatsuchfoodmaysufferfromdiseaseslikeobesity,diabetes,andfoodpoisoning.excessive過量的additive添加劑sufferfrom遭受,患diabetes糖尿病政府/建設(shè)當(dāng)局governments/authorities(n)民主與進(jìn)步的政府a(chǎn)democraticandprogressivegovernment老百姓citizens/thecommon/thepublic/thegrassroots標(biāo)準(zhǔn),治理regulate/administer/oversee(vt)實(shí)施implement(vt)/put???intoeffect嚴(yán)格的規(guī)章制度stringent/strictrulesandregulations立法makelaws/legislation對(duì)…實(shí)施限制imposerestrictionson???嚴(yán)禁strictlyprohibit/ban為?一撥款allocate/dedicatemoneytosth.invest/pourmoneyinsthfinance(vt)/fund(vt)/moneytosth.預(yù)算budget稅收taxrevenue(n)政府開支governmentspending/expenditureonsth.肖ij減cut/axe/reduce/slash增力口increase/augment/raise當(dāng)務(wù)之急(n)priority把…作為當(dāng)務(wù)之急giveprioritytosth.太空競(jìng)賽spacerace(n)太空探索spaceexploration穩(wěn)固國(guó)防reinforcenationaldefense領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張territorialexpansion謀求霸權(quán)seek/pursuehegemony民族自豪感asenseofnationalpride支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)apillarindustry促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)開展boosttheeconomicdevelopment傳統(tǒng)建筑是歷史和社會(huì)習(xí)俗的標(biāo)志,所以保護(hù)老建筑實(shí)際上是保護(hù)文化.Traditionalbuildingsarethesymbolsofhistoryandsocialconventions,sotopreserveoldbuildingsistoconservethecivilizationofanation.老建筑有助于維持建筑風(fēng)格的多樣性.Time-honoredbuildingshelptomaintainthediversityofarchitecturalstyles.許多老建筑既沒有經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值也不具備實(shí)用價(jià)值.Avastnumberofoldbui