江蘇省鹽城市重點中學(xué)2023學(xué)年高考英語三模試卷（含答案解析）

2023高考英語模擬試卷考生請注意：1．答題前請將考場、試室號、座位號、考生號、姓名寫在試卷密封線內(nèi)，不得在試卷上作任何標(biāo)記。2．第一部分選擇題每小題選出答案后，需將答案寫在試卷指定的括號內(nèi)，第二部分非選擇題答案寫在試卷題目指定的位置上。3．考生必須保證答題卡的整潔?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，請將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）1．Shethentookthelittlekey,andopenedit,trembling,butcouldnotatfirstseeanything________,becausethewindowswereshut.A．plainlyB．closelyC．firmlyD．frequently2．TheChinesegovernmenthasbegunacampaignto_____________thecrazyhousingmarket.A．calm B．destroyC．occupy D．reflect3．Theworldisnotalways______wewishittobe.A．that B．whichC．what D．where4．—Iamjustwonderingwhichteam,ChicagoBullsorWashingtonWizards,wonthegamelastnight?—________Idon’treallylikeeitherteam.A．Don’tmentionit.B．Noproblem.C．Whocares?D．Whybother?5．I’mmostawfullygratefultoyou.Ican’tthinkwhatI________withoutyou.A．coulddo B．woulddoC．shouldhavedone D．musthavedone6．Neverturndownajobbecauseyouthinkit’stoosmall.Youdon’tknow_____itcanlead.A．howB．whereC．whetherD．what7．Asisexpected,AIisanarea_______Chinamayappearasaleadingforce.A．that B．whereC．which D．when8．Iregretnothavingtakenyouradvice.OtherwiseI________thismistakeatthemoment.A．didn’tmake B．wouldn’tmakeC．hadn’tmake D．wouldn’thavemade9．Ifithadnotbeenfortheheroes’contributionsandsacrifices,we_____suchahappylife.A．wouldn’thaveled B．wouldn’tbeleadingC．haven’tled D．a(chǎn)renotleading10．———Itwasagreendinner._______———Thanks.Butitreallyonlytookanhour.A．Youmustbetired. B．Ienjoyeditverymuch.C．Youmusthavespentalldaycooking. D．Ihaveneverhaditbefore.11．It’simpossibleforallthepeopletogetjobsbecause______ofthemisnotfitforthem.A．everyone B．a(chǎn)llC．notall D．none12．Tom’sscoreonthetestisthehighestintheclass.He_____.A．shouldstudylastnightB．shouldhavestudiedlastnightC．musthavestudiedlastnightD．muststudylastnight13．Theinfrastructureprojecthasconsumedsomuchmoneythatwecan'tfindanyfinancialsupportandhaveto______.A．pullout B．pullthroughC．catchup D．catchon14．Cambridgegaveapositiveanswerinquiriesonwhetheritrecognizesgaokaoscores.A．infavorof B．inresponsetoC．insaluteto D．inconsequenceof15．—Haveyouheard____newsthatover10,000peoplelosttheirlivesintheearthquakeinJapan?—Notyet．What____bigsurprise!A．the;a B．the;/ C．/;/ D．/;a16．Inordertofinishtheworktime,themaninchargedecidedtosomemoreworkers.A．giveup B．takeon C．lookafter D．findout17．—Iamwornout.—Metoo,allworkandnoplay.Soit’stimeto________.A．burnthemidnightoilB．pushthelimitsC．gowiththeflowD．callitaday18．Sodifficult____ittoworkouttheproblemthatIdecidedtoaskTomforadvice.A．Ididfind B．didIfindC．Ihavefound D．haveIfound19．Afterthefire，________________wouldotherwisebeaculturalcenterisnowreducedtoapileofashes.A．that B．itC．what D．which20．—WhendidTomcometoQingdao？—ItwasinJuly，2006andheatripinChinawithhisparentsatthattime.A．wouldtake B．hadtakenC．wastaking D．hadbeentaking第二部分閱讀理解（滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。21．（6分）WhenviewedfromtheSchuylkillExpresswayinPhiladelphia,St.John'sChurchpresentsapictureofdignityandgrace.Thisgray-stonedbeautysurroundedbyaparkmadeawonderfulsettingfortheweddingmywifeandIattendedinManayunk.Atthechurch,Iranintoanoldfriend?CasperBarrata,whohappenedtobeassignedtotheMass(彌撒).Now73,Casperwasabrilliantandtalentedsoftballpitcher(投手)backintheMen'sLeaguesofPhiladelphiainthemid-60s.Ididn'trecognizethenowsilver-hairedfellowuntilmybrother-in-lawJohnKaymentionedhisnametome!Afteraverypleasantgreetingandpraisingeachotheronhowgoodtheotherwasatplayingthegamebackthen,CasperaskedifIrememberedaletterofencouragementIhadwrittentohimbackin1964.ItappearedthatCasperfellonhardtimespitching,aspitcherssometimesdo,andhewasn'1pitchingtoowellforaperiodoftime.Ididn'trecalltheletter,buthesaid,“Yes,Istillhaveit,andIcontinuetoreaditanytimethingsaren'tgoingtoowell.”Hewentontosaythathehadreadthelettermanytimesoverthepast40years,andthesituationalwaysseemedtoimprove.Iwasspeechless!Hecontinued,“Youdon’tremember?”Isaid,“Sadly,no,Idon't.”ButIdidaskifIcouldhaveacopyoftheletter.Hesaidhewouldemailittome.AfterCasperfinishedworkatMurphy'swedding,wemetonthestepsofthechurch.Caspercameuptomeandpresentedtheletter.HelivedablockawayfromthechurchandranhometogetitaftertheMass.Theenvelopehadfadedandturnedyellow,andsowastheletterinside.Thatletterhadtobenearly50yearsold.Insimpleterms,theletterread:Thesehardtimesaretemporary:Maintainyourpassionforthegame.Neverquitandyou911bebackontopagainshortly.Hanginthere!CasperBarrataonceagainbecamethebestpitcherintheLeagueandremainedtobeathorninourteam'ssideeverytimehepitchedagainstus.1、292．Whydidtheauthorgotothechurch?A．Togetmarried.B．Toholdawedding.C．Toattendawedding.D．TomeethisfriendCasperBarrata.2、294．Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A．Theauthoroncefellonhardtimespitching.B．TheauthoronceoftenworkedfortheMass.C．Theauthoroncewasgoodatplayingsoftball.D．TheauthoroncetaughtCaspertoplaysoftball.3、296．WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceshowinParagraph2?A．TheauthorwasmovedbyCasper.B．Theauthorwasn'tgoodatspeaking.C．TheauthoradmiredCaspertoomuch.D．Theauthordidn'trecalltheletteratall.4、298．WhydidCasperkeeptheletterfordecades?A．Theletterwassentbyhisbestfriend.B．Theletterinspiredhiminhissportcareer.C．Theletterwaswrittenbyasoftballpitcher.D．Theletterhelpedhimrecallsomethinginthepast.22．（8分）NASAmightbefamousforsendingrocketsuptospacequickly.Butitwillbemorefamousformakingyournextholidaycomemorequickly.Thespaceagencyisworkingonanewplane,whichcouldsolvetheproblemsofsupersonic(超音速的)flightandvastlyincreasethespeedofjourneysabroad.Ifsuccessful,theplanewouldbeabletoflybetweenNewYorkandLondoninjustthreehours.Anditwouldreducethetimespentflyingotherjourneysbyahalf,sinceitcouldbeusedmorebroadly.Untilnow,theproblemwithsuchplaneshasbeenthesonicboom(聲爆),madefamousbytheoriginalConcorde.Thathappenswhenaplanereachessupersonicspeeds.Itisathunderousnoisethatupsetspeopleontheground—disturbinganimalsandevencausingphysicalproblemstomaterialsandhousesunderneath.ItwasthateffectthatledCongresstobansuchplanesfrombeingusedovertheUSland,adecisionthatinturnwasresponsibleforConcorde’sfailingtobecommerciallyused.Inviewoftheproblem,thespaceagencyhasdevelopedanewtechnologyandtrieditoutinwindtunnels,andnowbelievesthatitcouldbeputtocommercialuse.Thatplanewillflyashighas55,000feet—farhigherthannormalplanes—andmakeasoundofonly60decibels.That’sfarlessthan90decibelsthrownoutbynormalplanes,andisroughlyinlinewithacaronthemotorwayorabusyrestaurant.“Aslongaswecangetendorsementfromthegeneralpublic,theplanewillprobablybesomethingthat’sacceptable,”saidPeterCoen,projectmanagerforNASA’scommercialsupersonicresearchteam,inanewBloombergreport.“Ifwegetapproved,wewillhavethefull-sizedversionoftheplanetriedoutandtheplanewillbeputintouse.”1、WhydoestheauthormentionConcorde?A．Tosuggesttherapiddevelopmentofplanes.B．Tostressthenegativeeffectofsonicbooms.C．Tointroducehowacommercialplaneisdesigned.D．ToshowCongress’importantroleinmakingplanes.2、Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thebasicdataofthenewplane.B．Theworkingprincipleofthenewplane.C．Theproblemsofthenewplane.D．Thepotentialmarketofthenewplane.3、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“endorsement”inparagraph5mean?A．ResponseB．CommitmentC．InvestmentD．Agreement4、Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．ToinformpeopleofNASA’snewplane.B．Toprovethedisadvantagesofsupersonicflight.C．Toexplainwhyspeedmattersinsupersonicflight.D．Toclarifysomemisunderstandingsaboutcommercialplanes.23．（8分）Twenty-oneyearsago,myhusbandgavemeSam,aneight-week-oldschnauzer（雪納瑞犬）,tohelpeasethelossofourdaughter.SamandIdevelopedaveryspecialbondoverthenextyears.Atonepoint,myhusbandandIdecidedtomovetoanewhomeinNewJersey.Ourneighbor,whosecathadrecentlyhadkittens,askedifwewouldlikeone.WewerealittleapprehensiveaboutSam’sjealousyandhowhewouldhandlehisturf（地盤）beinginvaded,butwedecidedtoriskit.Wepickedalittle,gray,playfulballofFur.Sheracedaroundchasingimaginarymiceandsquirrelsandjumpedfromtabletochairintheblinkofaneye,sowenamedherLightning.Atfirst,SamandLightningwereverycautiouswitheachotherandkepttheirdistance.Butslowly,LightningstartedfollowingSam—upthestairs,downthestairs,intothekitchen.Later,whentheyslept,itwasalwaystogether;whentheyate,itwasalwaysnexttoeachother.WhenItookeitheroneout,theotherwasalwayswaitingbythedoorwhenwereturned.Thatwasthewayitwasforyears.Then,withoutanywarning,Samwasdiagnosedashavingaweakheart.Ihadnootherchoicebuttohavehimputdown.ThepainwasnothingcomparedwithwhatIexperiencedwhenIhadtowalkintoourhousealone.Thistime,therewasnoSamforLightningtogreetandnowaytoexplainwhyshewouldneverseeherfriendagain.Inthefollowingdays,Lightningseemedheart-broken.Icouldseethedisappointmentinhereyeswheneveranyoneopenedthefrontdoor,orthehopewheneversheheardadogbark.OnedayasIwalkedintoourlivingroom,IhappenedtoseeLightningwaslyingnexttothesculpturedreplica（復(fù)制品）ofSamthatwehadboughtafewyearsago,onearmwrappedaroundthestatue’sneck,contentedlysleepingwithherbestfriend.1、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“apprehensive”inparagraph2mean?A．Shocked. B．Curious.C．Worried. D．Eager.2、HowdidSamgetalongwithLightningatfirst?A．LightningfollowedSameverywhereitwent.B．Theyfoughtwitheachotherfiercely.C．Theykeptacertaindistancefromeachother.D．SamwasunfriendlytoLightning.3、Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．LightningknewSamhaddied.B．SammeansalottoLightning.C．WetookLightninghometoaccompanySam.D．SamcamebacktostaywithLightningagain.4、Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A．TheFriendshipbetweenSamandLightningB．TheComingofSamandLightningC．TheDeathofSamtoLightningD．TheImportanceofSamtoUs24．（8分）JoannewasstuckinatrafficjamincentralBirminghamat5:30,andat6:30shewasexpectedtobechairingameetingofthetennisclub.Atlast,thetrafficwasmoving.Sheswungquicklyracingtoherhouse.Assheopenedthedoor,shenearlytrippedoverSheba.“Hey,Sheba,”shesaid,“I’vegotnotimeforyounow,butI’lltakeyououtassoonasIgetbackfromtennisclub.”ThenshenoticedShebaseemedtobecoughingorchoking.Obviously,shecouldhardlybreathe.Immediately,Joannerealizedshewouldhavetotakehertothevet(獸醫(yī)).Whenshegotthere,thevetwasjustabouttoclosefortheday.SeeingthestateofSheba,Dr.Sternebroughtherquicklyintohisoffice.“Listen,doctor,I’mreallyinarushtogettoameeting-canIleaveherwithyou,andgoandgetchanged?I’llbebackintenminutestopickherup,andthenI’lltakeherontothemeetingwithme.IsthatOK?”“Sure,”saidthedoctor.Joannemadethequicktripbacktoherhouseinacoupleofminutes.Asshewasoncemoreenteringthehallway,thephonebythedoorbegantoring.“ThisisDr.Sterne,”saidananxiousvoice.“Iwantyoutogetoutofthathouseimmediately,”saidthedoctor’svoice.“I’mcomingroundfightaway,andthepolicewillbethereanytimenow.Waitoutside!”Atthatmoment,apolicecarscreechedtoastopoutsidethehouse.Twopolicemengotoutandranintothehouse.Joannewasbynowcompletelyconfusedandveryfrightened.Thenthedoctorarrived.“Where’sSheba?IssheOK?”shoutedJoanne.“She’sfree,Joanne.Itookoutthethingwhichwaschokingher,andshe’sOKnow.”Justthen,thetwopolicemenreappearedfromthehouse,half-carryingawhite-facedman,whocouldhardlywalk.Therewasbloodalloverhim.“MyGod,”saidJoanne,“howdidhegetinthere?Andhowdidyouknowhewasthere?”“Ithinkhemustbeaburglar,”saidthedoctor.“IknewhewastherebecausewhenIfinallyremovedwhatwasstuckinSheba’sthroat;itturnedouttobethreehumanfingers.”1、WhatwasJoannesupposedtodoat6:30?A．Towalkherdog. B．Toseeherdoctor.C．Toattendaclubmeeting. D．Toplaytenniswithherfriends.2、Joannewantedtogetbacktoherhomeagain____________.A．todressupforthemeetingB．tophonethepolicestationC．tocatchthebadlyhurtburglarD．towaitforherdogtobecured3、Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat____________.A．ShebafoughtagainsttheburglarB．thepolicefoundtheburglarhadbrokeninC．JoannehadplannedtotakeherdogtothemeetingD．thedoctorperformedadifficultoperationonthedog4、Inthispassage,thewriterintendstotellusthatthedogis____________.A．clever B．friendlyC．frightening D．devoted25．（10分）AttheendofthespringsemesterinMay,studentstakingGeorgiaTech’sonlineKnowledge-BasedArtificialIntelligencecoursereceivedsomesurprisingnews.JillWatson,oneofthenineteachingassistants(TAs)thathadhelpedthemfinishthechallengingcourseforthepastfivemonthswasnota“she”butan“it”—anintelligentrobot!WatsonisthebrainchildofAshokGoel,whoteachesthepopularonlinecourse.TheProfessorofComputerandCognitiveScienceintheSchoolofInteractiveComputingcameupwiththeideaasawaytodealwiththenumberofquestionsposedbystudentsintheonlineforums(論壇).AccordingtoGoel,everytimethecourseisoffered,the300orsostudentsthatenrollpostover10,000questions.Thequestionsareoftenrepetitive.ThisledGoeltowonderifasmartrobotwouldhandlethequestionswhichrequirestandardresponses—thingslikedateswhenassignmentsaredue.HavingworkedwithIBM’sWatsontechnologyplatforminthepast,theprofessorknewitwouldbeidealforhisartificialTA:JillWatson.Theartificialintelligencesystemthatusesnaturallanguageprocessingandmachinelearningtoanalyzelargeamountsofdatahasevenbeenclevererthanhumancompetitorsonthetelevisionshow.Itwouldthereforeeasilybeabletohandleroutinequestionsthatrequiredlittle“thinking”.TheprofessorandhisteamofgraduatestudentsbeganbypopulatingJill’smemorywith40,000questionsandanswersfrompastterms.Thencamethetestingstage.Atfirst,Jillwasnotverygoodandoftengavestrangeanswers.Itoftengotstuckoncertainkeywords.Bytheendofthesemester,JillhadattainedenoughknowledgeandskillstoparticipateinforumswithoutanymanagementfromGoel,ortheotherassistants.1、Whatsurprisedthestudentswhotaketheonlinecourse?A．Thecoursewasinterestingbutchallenging.B．Ateachingassistantwasn’tarealperson.C．JillWatsonisahard-workingTA．D．Theyallfailedtopasstheircourse.2、What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．ARobotofGeorgiagivesanonlinecourseB．AshokGoelCameupwiththeIdeaofJillWatsonC．JillWatson—OneoftheNineTeachingAssistantsD．GeorgiaTech’sTeachingAssistantTurnOuttoBeaRobot3、WhydidGoeldecidetoinventasmartrobot?A．Anumberofstudentstookhisonlinecourse.B．Asmartrobotisclevererthanahumanbeing.C．Toomanysimilarquestionsaretobedealtwith.4、Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Studentsshoulddealwithroutinequestions.B．Jillismainlyinchargeofpostingsurprisingnews.C．TheTAsgivestudentshomeworkatacertaintime.D．GoelissatisfiedwithJill’spresentperformance.第三部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項．26．（30分）IwaswalkingaroundinaBigBazarstore,1Isawa

Cashiertalkingtoaboywhocouldn’thavebeenmorethan5or6yearsold.The

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enoughmoney?”Icountedhiscashandreplied,“Youdon’thaveenoughmoney,mydear.”

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lookedatmeandadded,“Ialsowantedtobuyawhite13for

mymommy.Hegavemeenoughto

buyit.”Ifinishedmyshoppinginatotally14statefromwhenIstarted.I

couldn’tgetthelittleboyoutofmy15.Twodaysafterthisencounterwiththelittle

boy,Ireadinthenewspaperthattheyoungwomanhadpassedaway.Icouldn’t16myself.Iboughtabunchofwhiterosesandwenttothe17home

.Shewasthere,inhercoffin,holdingabeautiful

whiteroseinherhandwiththephotoofthelittleboyandthedollplaced18

herchest.The19thatthelittleboyhadforhismotherandhissisteris20,to

thisday,hardtoimagine.(358)1、A．a(chǎn)sB．whileC．whenD．before2、A．flowerB．dollC．cardD．watch3、A．smiledB．turnedC．beggedD．referred4、A．thatB．whatC．whichD．how5、A．giftB．offerC．provideD．mail6、A．bigB．brightC．sadD．happy7、A．findB．sendC．bringD．take8、A．mindB．heartC．feetD．feeling9、A．drawingB．photoC．letterD．present10、A．reachedforB．lookedforC．foundoutD．reachedout11、A．confirmB．decideC．thinkD．check12、A．withB．beyondC．withoutD．by13、A．vaseB．coatC．dollD．rose14、A．differentB．sadC．depressedD．similar15、A．thoughtB．mindC．memoryD．sense16、A．stopB．persuadeC．helpD．bother17、A．meetingB．partyC．funeralD．tomb18、A．besideB．a(chǎn)boveC．overD．in19、A．loveB．careC．warmthD．mercy20、A．everB．neverC．yetD．still第二節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。27．（15分）ItwasMother'sDaymorninglastyear.Myfive-year-oldson,Tenyson,andI1．(leave)thesupermarketaftershoppingwhenanoldwomanfelloverattheentranceandhitherheadontheground.Herhusbandwaswithher,butthewomanwas2．(serious)hurtandshakingwithpain.Atthefrontofthesupermarketacharity(慈善)groupwassellingflowerstoraisefunds.Tenysonsuggestedthatwe3．(buy)theladyaflower.“Itwillmake4．feelbetter，”hesaid.Iwasamazedthathe'dcomeup5．suchasweetidea.Sowewenttotheflowersellertobuyaflowerforthelady.Bynowrescuershadarrived,andwereattendingthe6．(injure)woman.Aswewalkeduptoher,mysonbecamefrightenedbyallthebloodandmedical7．(equip).Hesaidhewasjusttooscaredtogouptoher.InsteadIgavetheflowertothewoman'shusband8．toldhim,“Mysonwasveryupsetforyourwifeandboughtherthisflowertocheerherup.”Atthat,theoldmanwasmovedandsaid,“Thankyousomuch,youhaveagoodson.HappyMother'sDaytoyou.”Themanthengavehiswifetheflower,9．(tell)herwhoitwasfrom.10．badlyhurt,theoldladylookedupatTenysonwiththanksinhereyesandgavehimalittlesmile.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)短文改錯（滿分10分）28．（10分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。LastSunday,someofmyclassmateandItookabicycletripalongthe“EastLakeGreenRoad”.Itspeciallybuiltforpeopletorelaxourselves.Thesceneryalongtheroadwasbreathtaking,withbigtrees,fragrantflowers,tallhillsandclearlakesinbothsides.Westoppedbyalakefortherest,whereagreatmanypeoplewereplayinghappily.Butsomethingunpleasantcaughtupoureyes.Therewasrubbishhereorthere,andthereweremanyplasticbagsandbottlesfloatedonthesurfaceofthelakes.Suchabeautifulplacewassoseriouspolluted.Whatashame!Therefore*wecouldn’thelpcollectingtherubbishafterweleft.第二節(jié)書面表達（滿分25分）29．（25分）假如你是李華，最近你的澳大利亞朋友Steven打算來中國旅游并來濟寧停留兩天。他寫信詢問你能否當(dāng)他的導(dǎo)游，并想了解你的家鄉(xiāng)。請你用英語寫一封電子郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.你為他所做的兩天日程安排；2.推薦食宿旅店；3.推薦一個旅游景點。注意：詞數(shù)100左右；信的開頭已為你寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)。DearSteven，Howiseverythinggoing?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua

2023學(xué)年模擬測試卷參考答案（含詳細(xì)解析）第一部分（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）1、A2、A3、C4、C5、C6、B7、B8、B9、B10、B11、B12、C13、A14、B15、A16、B17、D18、B19、C20、C第二部分閱讀理解（滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。21、1、292．C2、294．C3、296．D4、298．B22、1、B2、A3、D4、A23、1、C2、C3、B4、A24、1、C2、A3、A4、D25、A“smartdrug”takenbystudentstoimprovetheirperformancereallydoeswork,scientistshavefound.Thedrugmodafinil（莫達非尼）iscurrentlyusedtotreatsleepdisorder,butitiswidelyusedoff-labelbystudentstohelpthemreviseforexamsorfocusonlongessays.Untilnow,therehasbeenalackofclearevidenceoverwhetheritcanactuallyboostconcentrationandalertness.Butanewanalysisoftheresearchrevealeditdoesimproveplanninganddecisionmaking,flexibility,learningandmemory,andevencreativity.Thefindingsraiseseriousethical(處方的，道德的)questionsaboutwhethermodafinilshouldbe“classified,toleratedorcondemned”,scientistssaid.ProfessorGuyGoodwin,PresidentoftheEuropeanCollegesaid:“It’sthefirstrealexampleofa‘smartdrug’,whichcangenuinelyhelp,forexample,withexampreparation.”Previousethicaldiscussionsaroundsmartdrugsassumedmajoreffectsofthedrugsbeforeitwasclearthattherewereany,headded.Hecontinued“Ifcorrect,thepresentupdatemeanstheethicaldebateisreal:howshouldweclassify,tolerateorcondemnadrugthatimproveshumanperformance?”[Afifthofuniversitystudentsacrossthecountryclaimtohavetakensmartdrugs,

accordingtosurveysbystudentnewspaperTheTab.AndtheuseofmodafinilismostwidespreadatOxfordUniversity,whereaquarterofstudentshavereportedtohaveusedit.Overtheyears,universitieshavediscussedhowbesttorespondtotheuseofsmartdrugs,andsomehavesuggestedOlympi