Unit4-Cultural-Encounter教學(xué)講解課件

Unit4

CulturalEncountersUnit4

CulturalEncounters1Pre-readingquestions1.21stCenturyisanewage.Whatkindofageisit?Insuchanage,whatisneededtogainandpassoninformation?Forcommunication?2.Englishisbecominganinternationallanguage.AsEnglishmajors,haveyouworriedabouttheoverwidespreaduseofEnglish?maniaPre-readingquestions1.21stC2Pre-readingquestions3.

InusingEnglish,doyousometimeshavetroublefindingtheexactChinesecounterpartofanEnglishwordorexpression,orviveversa?howdoyousolvetheproblem?LiteraltranslationexplanationPre-readingquestions3Pre-readingquestions21stcenturyisanInformationage.Language.Communicationisimpossiblewhendifferentpeoplesspeakdifferentlanguages.Communicationcantakeplacewhenpeoplefromdifferentculturalbackgroundsshareasamelanguage.Inthissense,wecansaythatthenewageisacross-culturalcommunicationagewhichdemandspeopletohavecross-culturalcommunicationawarenessandknowledge.Pre-readingquestions4TakeChineseandEnglishidiomsadropintheocean滄海一粟tolaughoffone’shead

笑掉大牙toshedcrocodiletears貓哭老鼠tospendmoneylikewater

揮金如土turn

up

one's

nose

at嗤之以鼻rain

cats

and

dogs

傾盆大雨black

and

blue鼻青臉腫at

sixes

and

sevens

亂七八糟TakeChineseandEnglishidiom5Backgroundinformation(1)AsBrownexplains,“Itisapparentthatculture,asaningrainedsetofbehaviorsandmodesofperception,becomeshighlyimportantinthelearningofasecondlanguage.Alanguageisapartofaculture,andacultureisapartofalanguage;thetwoareintricatelyinterwovensothatonecannotseparatethetwowithoutlosingthesignificanceofeitherlanguageorculture.Backgroundinformation(1)A6Backgroundinformation(2)Theacquisitionofasecondlanguage,exceptforspecialized,instrumentalacquisition,isalsotheacquisitionofasecondculture.(Brown,1993:165)”.

Therefore,inordertosuccessfullycommunicatewithEnglishnativespeakers,itisnotenoughforEFLlearnerstomerelyhaveagoodmasteryofvocabularyandathoroughcommandofgrammar;theyshouldalsobecomefamiliarwiththeculturaldifferencesthatmayaffectproperunderstandingofthatlanguage.Backgroundinformation(2)The7ThetermculturalencounterorcultureshockwasfirstintroducedbytheanthropologistObergin1954.Itisatermusedtodescribetheanxietyandfeelings(ofsurprise,disorientation,confusion,etc.)feltwhenpeoplehavetooperatewithinanentirelydifferentculturalorsocialenvironment,suchasaforeigncountry.

Whatiscultureencounter?Thetermculturalencounteror81.What’sCultureShock?Itmeansstrongfeelingsofdiscomfort,fear,oranxiety,whichpeoplemayhavewhentheyenteranotherculture.文化沖突指某人突然身處異族文化或環(huán)境中而經(jīng)受的一種不安、恐懼、焦慮的狀況。Translation1.What’sCultureShock?文化沖突指9fivephasesofcultureshock1honeymoon2depression3regression5reverse4recovery

fivephasesofcultureshock1h10HoneymoonPhaseEverythingusuallygoes____________.RejectionPhase

Thenewcomermayencountermanyproblemsin____________,_________,orinterpersonalcommunication.Youmayfeelthatpeoplemaynolongercareaboutyourproblem,andtheydon’tlikeforeigners.Thenewcomermaystartto________________and_______thehostculture.RegressionPhaseYouspendmuchofyourtimespeakingyourownlanguage,watchingvideofromyourhomecountry,andeatingfoodfromhome.Youmayremember______________________________________fairlysmoothlytransportationshoppingcomplainaboutrejectgoodthingsaboutyourhomecountryonlytheHoneymoonPhaseEverythingusua11RecoveryPhaseYoubecomemorecomfortablewiththecustomsofyourhostcountry.Youstarttorealizethatnocountry__________________________theyarejust__________.ReverseCultureShockYouarenolonger_______________________________________.Itmaytakealittlewhiletobecomeateasewithyourhomeculture.ismuchbetterthananotherdifferentcompletelycomfortableinyourhomecountryRecoveryPhaseYoubecomemore12SusanBassnett

SusanBassnettisProfessorintheCentreforTranslationandComparativeCulturalStudieswhichshefoundedinthe1980s.ShewaseducatedinseveralEuropeancountries,whichgaveheragroundingindiverselanguagesandcultures.SusanBassnettSusanBassnett13Sheisauthorofover20

books,andher

TranslationStudies,(3rded.2002)whichfirstappearedin1980,hasremainedconsistentlyinprintandhasbecomethemostimportanttextbookaroundtheworldintheexpandingfieldofTranslationStudies.HerComparativeLiterature:ACriticalIntroduction

(1993)hasalsobecomeaninternationallyrenownedworkandhasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages.RecentbooksincludeSylviaPlath:AnIntroductiontothePoetry

(2004),.Sheisauthorofover20books14Unit4-Cultural-Encounter教學(xué)講解課件15GeneralanalysisofthetextThistextisanargumentativeessay.Theauthorpresentsherargumentlogicallyandnaturally.Sheusesvividexamplestoproduceanimpressiveeffect.Theauthor’spurposeofwriting:

ToelucidatetheneedforinternationalandinterculturalunderstandingduetotheglobalexpressionofEnglish.

GeneralanalysisofthetextTh16StructureanalysisofthetextThethesisstatementis“Mostfundamentalistheprofoundrelationshipbetweenlanguageandculturethatliesattheheartofsocietyandonethatweoverlookatourperil.”Thetextcanbedividedinto3parts.Thefirstpartcomprisesthefirstthreeparagraphs.Paragraphs4-7constitutethesecondpart,whichisthebodyofthetext.Thelastpartofthetextbrieflypointsouttheimmensesignificanceofinterculturalunderstanding.Structureanalysisofthetext17StructureanalysisofthetextPartOne(Paragraphs1-3):SusanBassnettarguesthatweliveinanageofeasyaccesstotherestoftheworldandthisglobalcommunicationsrevolutionislinkedtotheexpansionofEnglish.Hencethequestionconcerninglanguageandcultureisraisedandbroughtintodiscussion.Structureanalysisofthetext18Para1Para3para1:globalcommunicationpara2:English&communicationpara3:problemsarousingfromglobalcommunicationrelationshipbetweenlanguageandculturePara1Para3para1:global19StructureanalysisofthetextPartTwo(Paragraphs4-7):Bymakinggooduseofexemplification,theauthorelaboratesherviewthatlanguagegoesfurtherthancommunicationbutalsotransportsaculturalsubtext.Shefurtherpointsoutthattranslatorsnegotiatedtheboundariesbetweenlanguagesandcameupwithacompromise.

Structureanalysisofthetext20Para4Para7para4:differentculturewhatwecansayinonelanguagecannotbeexpressedatallinanotherpara5:Bibletranslationpara6:compromisingpara7:criticismPara4Para7para4:differe21StructureanalysisofthetextPartThree(Paragraph8):Thetextbrieflystatesthefunctionorsignificanceofinterculturalunderstanding.Worldpeaceinthefuturedependsoninterculturalunderstanding.Structureanalysisofthetext22Languagepointsaccess

[n.]

entrance;wayin;meansofentering(Para.1)e.g.:1)Theonlymeansofaccesstothebuildingisalongamuddytrack.通往那座建筑物的惟一通道就是這條泥濘的小路。2)Thefacilitieshavebeenadaptedtogiveaccesstowheelchairusers.這些設(shè)施已經(jīng)過(guò)改裝，使輪椅使用者們能夠進(jìn)入。Languagepointsaccess[n.]ent23(1)distantinspaceortime(時(shí)間空間上)遙遠(yuǎn)的;偏僻的

e.g.:Wecanseeremotestarsthroughatelescope.Intheremotefuture,manynewchangeswillbetakingplace.(2)

quietandlonely(親屬關(guān)系上)遠(yuǎn)的e.g.:Oneofmyremoterelativeslivesinaremotevillageinthehills.(3)

indifferent

冷淡的,疏遠(yuǎn)的,漠不關(guān)心的Hermannerwaspolitebutremote.她彬彬有禮,卻十分冷淡。remote(Para.1)(1)distantinspaceortime(時(shí)24Theremotecontrol遙控器[n.]remoteness遙遠(yuǎn)；偏僻e.g.:Theyfoundtheremotenessofthecountryagreatproblem.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村太偏僻是個(gè)很嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。remote(Para.1)Theremotecontrolremote(Par25:Mention;speakabout談到，涉及，指的是e.g.:1)Iamnotallowedtodescribetheofficersorrefertothembyname.2)Whichcompanieswasshereferringtowhenshespokeofcompetingfirms?bereferredtoas...:被認(rèn)為是...e.g.:Thedaysaregonewhenwomenwerereferredtoastheweakersexwithoutcausingtrouble.稱女人為弱者而不會(huì)惹上麻煩的日子，已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返了。referto(Para.1):Mention;speakabout談到，涉及，指26Mock(Para.1)V.makefunof

嘲笑，譏笑；嘲弄；

e.g.:Shemockedhimasacountryboy.她嘲笑他是個(gè)鄉(xiāng)下孩子。2.

Adj.

constitutingacopyorimitationofsth.模擬的，模仿的

amockexam/battleMockingadj.

amockingsmileMock(Para.1)27back-packing:

Ifyougobackpacking,yougotravelingwithabackpack.desertoasis:

aplacewithwaterandtreesinadesert;aplacewhichisdifferentfromitssurroundings,usu.inapleasantorcomfortingwayback-packing:Ifyougobackpa28Unit4-Cultural-Encounter教學(xué)講解課件29Text

message（文字短信息）:awrittenmessagethatissentorreceivedonamobilephoneorpagerText:[v.]

Ifyoutextsomeone,yousendthematextmessageonacellphone.(用手機(jī))給…發(fā)短信e.g.:

Marytextedmewhenshegothome.

瑪麗到家時(shí)給我發(fā)了短信。Multimedia

message（彩信）Textmessage（文字短信息）:awritten30Provided(that...)

:倘若，只要...e.g.:

Theotherbanksaregoingtobeveryeagertohelp,providedthattheyseethathehasaspecificplan.

如果他有一個(gè)具體的計(jì)劃，其他的銀行才會(huì)非?？释峁┵Y助。regardlessof

(Para.2)

:withouttakingaccountoforworryingabout

不管，不顧

e.g.:All

ourproposals

wererejected,regardlessoftheirmerits.Provided(that...):倘若，只要...31facilitate

(Para.2):vt.Help;makeeasyoreasier促進(jìn)；幫助；使容易

e.g.:

Thenewundergroundrailwaywillfacilitatethejourneytotheairport.

facility

[n.]

設(shè)施；天賦e.g.:Whatrecreationalfacilitiesarenowavailable?什么娛樂(lè)設(shè)施現(xiàn)在是可用的？facilitate(Para.2):vt.Hel32essential[a]

(~to/for)completelynecessaryfortheexistence,success,etc.ofsth.e.g.:Wecanlivewithoutclothes,butfoodanddrinkareessential.Itisessentialthateverychildhasthesameeducationalopportunities.(wrong)Itisessentialthateverychild(should)havethesameeducationalopportunities.essential[a](~to/for)co33虛擬語(yǔ)氣A類：虛擬語(yǔ)氣可用在非真實(shí)條件句（注意這類為條件句），表示一種不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的假設(shè)。這類分類比較簡(jiǎn)單，我們需要做的就是判斷這個(gè)假設(shè)是與哪個(gè)事實(shí)相反。通常有三種情況：①與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。從句中用過(guò)去完成時(shí)形式表示。②與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。從句中用過(guò)去一般時(shí)形式表示。③與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反。從句中用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)形式表示。主句中則用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞would,should,could等加一個(gè)與從句一致的動(dòng)詞形式。

虛擬語(yǔ)氣A類：虛擬語(yǔ)氣可用在非真實(shí)條件句（注意這類為條件句）34B類：

虛擬語(yǔ)氣除主要用于非真實(shí)條件句外，還可用在部分主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句之中。常見(jiàn)的要接含有虛擬語(yǔ)氣主語(yǔ)從句的詞：

形容詞：important,necessary,urgent,essential,vital,natural,strange,proper等

動(dòng)詞的-ed形式：arranged,suggested,ordered,required,desired,demanded,proposed等

B類：

虛擬語(yǔ)氣除主要用于非真實(shí)條件句外，還可用在部分主語(yǔ)從35In

itisimportant/vital/essential/necessary/desirablethat…structure,itdoesn’tmatterwhetherthestructureisinthepresentorpasttenseorwhetherthesubjectinthethat-clauseisinthesingularorpluralform,weshouldalwaysusethebasicformoftheverb,especiallyinformalwriting.InBritishEnglish,shouldisusedbeforetheverb.Initisimportant/vital/es36stepping-stone(Para.2):anyofarowoflargestoneswithaleveltop,whichonewalksontocrossariverorstream;

figuratively,awayofimprovementorgainingsuccess

奠基石，跳板e(cuò).g.:Forsomepeople,gainingpowerisanessentialstepping-stonetoasuccessfullife.

springboardstepping-stone(Para.2):any37havemisgivingsabout...

(Para.3):對(duì)...有疑惑，有疑慮e.g.:

1)Atthetime,manydoctorshadseriousmisgivingsaboutthenewtreatment.在那時(shí)，許多醫(yī)生對(duì)新的治療方法有著強(qiáng)烈的擔(dān)憂。2)Shehadsomemisgivingsaboutwhatshewasabouttodo.她對(duì)自己要做的事有些疑慮。havemisgivingsabout...(Para38Profound(Para.3):

adj.深厚的；意義深遠(yuǎn)的；淵博的e.g.:Igiveyoumyprofoundthanksforsavingmylife.aprofoundsigh/sleep/insightProfoundly:adv.e.g.:Iamprofoundlygratefulforthisopportunitytomeetyou.

Profound(Para.3):adj.深厚的；意義39atone’speril

:(usedwhenadvisingsb.nottodosth.)withthenearcertaintyofmeetinggreatdanger

咎由自取，(自己)承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)e.g.:1)Youignorethiswarningatyourperil.2)Youtaketrafficsignalslightlyatyourperil.attheperilof:冒…的危險(xiǎn)e.g.:Thearmyisattheperilofbeingattackedfromallsides.這支軍隊(duì)正冒著從四方被攻擊的危險(xiǎn)。

atone’speril:(usedwhenadv40Mostfundamentalis...Whatismostimportantisthedeepandstronglyfeltrelationshipbetweenlanguageandculturethatformsthecoreofsociety.Ifwefailtonoticethisrelationship,weshallbeingreatdanger.Mostfundamentalis...Whatis41Label(Para.4)[v.]

1.貼標(biāo)簽于…，用簽條標(biāo)明

e.g.:

Thesteelcanwaslabelled“flammable”.這個(gè)鋼罐貼有“易燃品”的標(biāo)簽。2.把…稱為，把…說(shuō)成是…，描述，把…歸類e.g.:Theylabelledhimasacommunist.他們說(shuō)他是一名共產(chǎn)黨員。[n.]

標(biāo)簽；標(biāo)記；貼條

e.g.:

Thelabelswereattachedtotheluggage.Label(Para.4)[v.]1.貼標(biāo)簽于…，用簽條42Involve(Para.4)[v.]

1.牽涉，牽連，使卷入；使陷入(麻煩、困境等):

e.g.:Thecaseinvolvedmanyinnocentpeople.這一案件牽涉了許多無(wú)辜的人。2.包含，含有，包括;需要，必須:e.g.:Winningthegameinvolvesbothskillandperseverance.Involve(Para.4)[v.]1.牽涉，牽連，使43Despair[di'spε?]

[n.]

絕望，失望;令人失望的人(或物)，

e.g.:1)Iwasindespair,allhopegone.2)Heisthedespairofhisteacherbecauseherefusestostudy.

[v.]

絕望，失望，失去希望，喪失信心(常與of連用)：e.g.:1)Idespairofeverfindinghimagain.我對(duì)再找到他已喪失信心。2)Don'tdespair.

Despair[di'spε?][n.]絕望，失望;令44Hover(Para.4)[v.]

1.(鳥(niǎo)等)翱翔，盤(pán)旋；(直升飛機(jī)等)懸停;徘徊；守候(或逗留)在近旁

e.g.:

Seagullshoveroverthesurgingwaves.海鷗在驚濤駭浪上翱翔。2.躊躇，徬徨，猶豫；波動(dòng)，搖擺不定e.g.:Hehoveredbetweenstayingandleaving.在去留問(wèn)題上，他猶豫不決了。

Hover(Para.4)[v.]1.(鳥(niǎo)等)翱翔，盤(pán)旋45Given(Para.5)--Theyweretomeetatagiventimeandplace.

(specified,certain)Giventhepresentconditions,Ithinkshe'sdoneratherwell.

(considering)GiventhatIhaveenoughtime,I'lldoitagain.

(suppose,providingthat)Given(Para.5)--Theywereto46begiventosth./doingsth.:tendto,usuallydosth.有…癖好;傾向于He'sgiventodrinkingratherheavily.他沉溺于酗酒中。She'sgiventodepression.她有消沉的傾向。Childrenaregiventoaskingquestions.孩子們喜歡問(wèn)問(wèn)題。begiventosth./doingsth.:t47Negotiate(Para.5)[v.]談判，磋商;通過(guò)討論商定(或解決)，談成e.g.:1)Theboundarytreatywasnegotiatedbetweenthetwocountries.(vt)兩國(guó)間經(jīng)過(guò)談判達(dá)成了邊界協(xié)議。2)ItisnotclearwhetherthepresidentiswillingtonegotiatewiththeDemocrats.(vi)尚不清楚總統(tǒng)是否愿意與民主黨人進(jìn)行談判。Negotiate(Para.5)[v.]談判，磋商;通過(guò)48Negotiate(Para.5)[n.]negotiations

[常用復(fù)數(shù)]談判，磋商，交涉，會(huì)談，洽談e.g.:

WehavehadmeaningfulnegotiationsandIbelieveweareveryclosetoadeal.我們已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了富有意義的談判，我相信我們很快就能達(dá)成協(xié)議。[adj.]

negotiable:[ni‘ɡ?u?i?bl]可通過(guò)談判解決的；可協(xié)商的

non-negotiableNegotiate(Para.5)[n.]negotia49Comeupwith…(Para.5):提出；想出；趕上e.g.:1)Hecameupwithanewsuggestion.2)Scientistswillhavetocomeupwithnewmethodsofincreasingtheworld’sfoodsupply.Comeupwith…(Para.5):提出；想出；50Compromise(Para.5)[n.]妥協(xié)，和解；折衷e.g.:Encourageyourchildtoreachacompromisebetweenwhathewantsandwhatyouwant.鼓勵(lì)你的孩子在他想要的和你想要的之間折衷。[v.]妥協(xié)e.g.:"Nine,"Isaid."Ninethirty,"hereplied.Wecompromisedon9:15.“9點(diǎn),”我說(shuō)?！?:30,”他回答道。我們各讓一步定在9:15。Compromise(Para.5)[n.]妥協(xié)，和解；51Approximate(Para.6)[v.]

近似;接近于;近似于

e.g.:1)Themixturedescribedbelowwillapproximateit,butisnotexactlythesame.(vt)下面所描述的混合物會(huì)與之近似，但不完全一樣。2)Yourstoryonlyapproximatestotherealfacts.(vi)[adj.]大概的e.g.Theapproximatecostvariesfromaround$150to$250.

大致的費(fèi)用在$150至$250之間不等。Approximate(Para.6)[v.]近似;接近52Regarding(Para.6)[prep.]關(guān)于；至于；就…而言；在…方面e.g.:1)Ihadnothingtosayregardingthismatter.對(duì)于這件事我無(wú)話可說(shuō)。

2)Ifyouhaveanyquestionsregardinganyofourservices,pleasefeelfreetocallme.Regarding(Para.6)[prep.]關(guān)于；至于53slice

[v.]cutintoslicesorthinflatpieces;cutoffasaslicee.g.:

Slicethecucumber,please.

Sheslicedupthecake.(把…切成片)

Sheslicedoffathickpiecefromtheloaf.(切去，切掉)Mother’sPride:abrandforbreadslice[v.]cutintoslicesor54evenas(Para.7):justwhen,justase.g.:Shewentawayevenasyoucame.她就在你來(lái)的時(shí)候走的。loseout(tosb.).

:fail,bereplacedbye.g.:Hedidn'twanttoloseouttotheothersalesmen.他不想輸給其他推銷員。evenas(Para.7):justwhen,j55Enterinto(Para.7)1.進(jìn)入,成為…的一部分,參加,開(kāi)始從事e.g.:

We

enteredintothesportwithzest.我們熱心參加這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。2.分享，分擔(dān)；同情，體諒；理解；共同具有,共鳴；e.g.:Icanneverenterintoherjokes.她講的那些笑話總不能引我發(fā)笑。toenterintothehouseholdtasks分擔(dān)家務(wù)活兒Enterinto(Para.7)1.進(jìn)入,成為…的一部56Accordingly(Para.7)[adv.]

1.因此(常用于句首)therefore，soe.g.:Wehaveadifferentbackground,adifferenthistory.Accordingly,wehavetherighttodifferentfutures.

我們擁有不同的背景、不同的歷史。因此，我們有權(quán)獲得不一樣的前途。2.相應(yīng)地(常用于句末)e.g.:Itisadifficultjobandtheyshouldbepaidaccordingly.它是一項(xiàng)艱巨的工作，他們應(yīng)該相應(yīng)地獲得報(bào)酬。Accordingly(Para.7)[adv.]1.因57Cutdownon(Para.7)Ifyoucutdown

onsomethingorcutdownsomething,youuseordolessofit.減少e.g.:Hecutdownoncoffeeandcigarettes,andateabalanceddiet.他少喝咖啡，少抽煙，飲食均衡。Cutdown(on)expenses減少花銷Cutdownatree砍倒一棵樹(shù)Cutdownon(Para.7)Ifyoucut58bewell/idealy/bestplacedfor/todosth.

(Para.8):beinagoodpositionorhaveagoodopportunitytodosth.最適合/容易做…e.g.:Englishgraduatesarewellplacedforthesejobs.Latest(para.8):mostup-to-datee.g.:herlatestbook.她最近出版的書(shū)bewell/idealy/bestplacedfor59stateoftheart:n./adj.:mostadvanced(canbealsowrittenas“state-of-the-art”)最先進(jìn)工藝/科技水平(的)e.g.:astate-of-the-artsystemastate-of-the-artmilitaryequipmentstateoftheart:n./adj.:mo60

aslongas;canneverfailtobereachednomatterfailtonoticeatgreatriskmaybedescribedbythesewordstovaryingdegreesweredirectlyconfrontedwiththeproblemthatsomethinginonelanguagecannotberenderedintoanotheraslongas;canneverfailto61

steppingstoneattheirperilservementalitystaplefacilitatingmessaginghybridsteppingstone62

economyaccessiblefundamentallyhomesicknegotiableadjustedremotenesscomplacentlyDCADBABCeconomy63

time,era,epochmeetingsbasic,fundamental

misshapeunavoidablyworry,concern,anxiety,apprehensiontherefore,so,thushide,concealtime,era,epoch64

unbelievable,unrealisticimperfect,impossibledisagreement,disappointmentmisplace,misspellmalfunction,malnutritionenable,enhancesurpass,surmountsubmarine,subconsciousnessunbelievable,unrealistic65Translationexercises1.因此，您會(huì)問(wèn)為什么還有人會(huì)對(duì)這些絕妙的發(fā)展顧慮重重?為什么英語(yǔ)成為世界語(yǔ)言會(huì)讓一部分人忐忑不安？惴惴不安2.不同的文化并不僅是指給世界貼上不同標(biāo)簽的人群；語(yǔ)言給了我們塑造世界觀的工具，而語(yǔ)言之間又是不一樣的。3.當(dāng)千百萬(wàn)人在學(xué)習(xí)文化溝通的時(shí)候，英語(yǔ)國(guó)家卻越來(lái)越沾沾自喜，以為懂得英語(yǔ)就足夠了，因而削減了外語(yǔ)課程。4最能推動(dòng)這一進(jìn)程的不一定是那些掌握了最新技術(shù)、擁有最先進(jìn)手機(jī)的人，而是那些能夠理解眾多不同語(yǔ)言的言內(nèi)之意、言下之意以及言外之意的人。Translationexercises661.Childrenmayswimhereprovidedthattheyareaccompaniedbyadults.2.ThisAmericanjournalistmadeafoolofhimselfoverhisremarksaboutChina,becausehe’sbeenoutoftouchwithwhat’sbeenhappeninginthecountryinthepastthreedecades.1.Childrenmayswimhereprovi673.Everypersonhastherighttoeducation,regardlessofhisorherfamilybackground,genderandage.4.TheinventionoftheInternet,despitethefactthatithasgivenrisetosomeproblems,hasgreatlyfacilitatedalmosteveryaspectofourlife,includingeducation,medicineandbusiness.3.Everypersonhastheright685.Neveroverlookyourtravelinsurancewhenyouareplanningtospendyourholidayabroad;otherwiseyoumightfindyourselfingreattroubleifanyaccidentshouldoccur.6.Inthemoviethatbillionairewasfacedwithadilemma—eitherdivorcehiswife,whowouldthencarveouthalfofhisfinancialempire,ormurderherattheriskofbeingfoundoutbythepolice.5.Neveroverlookyourtraveli697.Asthehusbandlosthisjobinthefinancialcrisis,thenewlywedshadtocutdownonalotofthings—furniture,clothes,records,booksandsoon.thenewly-marriedcouple8.Over30yearsago,rightaftertheCulturalRevolution,DengXiaopingtoldthepeoplethattheonlywayout

layin

reformandopeninguptotheoutsideworld.

7.Asthehusbandlosthisjob70DictationThemainreasonforthewidespreaddemandforEnglishisitspresent-dayimportanceasaworldlanguage.Besidesservingtheindefiniteneedsofitsnativespeakers,Englishisalanguageinwhichsomeofimportantworksinscience,technology,andotherfieldsarebeingproduced,andnotalwaysbynativespeakers.DictationThemainreasonfort71Itisalanguageofwidercommunication

foranumberofdevelopingcountries,especiallyformerBritishcolonies.Manyofthesecountrieshavemultilingualpopulationsandneedalanguageforinternalcommunicationinsuchmattersasgovernment,commerce,industry,lawandeducationaswellasforinternationalcommunicationandforaccesstothescientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentsintheWest.Itisalanguageofwidercomm72Unit4

CulturalEncountersUnit4

CulturalEncounters73Pre-readingquestions1.21stCenturyisanewage.Whatkindofageisit?Insuchanage,whatisneededtogainandpassoninformation?Forcommunication?2.Englishisbecominganinternationallanguage.AsEnglishmajors,haveyouworriedabouttheoverwidespreaduseofEnglish?maniaPre-readingquestions1.21stC74Pre-readingquestions3.

InusingEnglish,doyousometimeshavetroublefindingtheexactChinesecounterpartofanEnglishwordorexpression,orviveversa?howdoyousolvetheproblem?LiteraltranslationexplanationPre-readingquestions75Pre-readingquestions21stcenturyisanInformationage.Language.Communicationisimpossiblewhendifferentpeoplesspeakdifferentlanguages.Communicationcantakeplacewhenpeoplefromdifferentculturalbackgroundsshareasamelanguage.Inthissense,wecansaythatthenewageisacross-culturalcommunicationagewhichdemandspeopletohavecross-culturalcommunicationawarenessandknowledge.Pre-readingquestions76TakeChineseandEnglishidiomsadropintheocean滄海一粟tolaughoffone’shead

笑掉大牙toshedcrocodiletears貓哭老鼠tospendmoneylikewater

揮金如土turn

up

one's

nose

at嗤之以鼻rain

cats

and

dogs

傾盆大雨black

and

blue鼻青臉腫at

sixes

and

sevens

亂七八糟TakeChineseandEnglishidiom77Backgroundinformation(1)AsBrownexplains,“Itisapparentthatculture,asaningrainedsetofbehaviorsandmodesofperception,becomeshighlyimportantinthelearningofasecondlanguage.Alanguageisapartofaculture,andacultureisapartofalanguage;thetwoareintricatelyinterwovensothatonecannotseparatethetwowithoutlosingthesignificanceofeitherlanguageorculture.Backgroundinformation(1)A78Backgroundinformation(2)Theacquisitionofasecondlanguage,exceptforspecialized,instrumentalacquisition,isalsotheacquisitionofasecondculture.(Brown,1993:165)”.

Therefore,inordertosuccessfullycommunicatewithEnglishnativespeakers,itisnotenoughforEFLlearnerstomerelyhaveagoodmasteryofvocabularyandathoroughcommandofgrammar;theyshouldalsobecomefamiliarwiththeculturaldifferencesthatmayaffectproperunderstandingofthatlanguage.Backgroundinformation(2)The79ThetermculturalencounterorcultureshockwasfirstintroducedbytheanthropologistObergin1954.Itisatermusedtodescribetheanxietyandfeelings(ofsurprise,disorientation,confusion,etc.)feltwhenpeoplehavetooperatewithinanentirelydifferentculturalorsocialenvironment,suchasaforeigncountry.

Whatiscultureencounter?Thetermculturalencounteror801.What’sCultureShock?Itmeansstrongfeelingsofdiscomfort,fear,oranxiety,whichpeoplemayhavewhentheyenteranotherculture.文化沖突指某人突然身處異族文化或環(huán)境中而經(jīng)受的一種不安、恐懼、焦慮的狀況。Translation1.What’sCultureShock?文化沖突指81fivephasesofcultureshock1honeymoon2depression3regression5reverse4recovery

fivephasesofcultureshock1h82HoneymoonPhaseEverythingusuallygoes____________.RejectionPhase

Thenewcomermayencountermanyproblemsin____________,_________,orinterpersonalcommunication.Youmayfeelthatpeoplemaynolongercareaboutyourproblem,andtheydon’tlikeforeigners.Thenewcomermaystartto________________and_______thehostculture.RegressionPhaseYouspendmuchofyourtimespeakingyourownlanguage,watchingvideofromyourhomecountry,andeatingfoodfromhome.Youmayremember______________________________________fairlysmoothlytransportationshoppingcomplainaboutrejectgoodthingsaboutyourhomecountryonlytheHoneymoonPhaseEverythingusua83RecoveryPhaseYoubecomemorecomfortablewiththecustomsofyourhostcountry.Youstarttorealizethatnocountry__________________________theyarejust__________.ReverseCultureShockYouarenolonger_______________________________________.Itmaytakealittlewhiletobecomeateasewithyourhomeculture.ismuchbetterthananotherdifferentcompletelycomfortableinyourhomecountryRecoveryPhaseYoubecomemore84SusanBassnett

SusanBassnettisProfessorintheCentreforTranslationandComparativeCulturalStudieswhichshefoundedinthe1980s.ShewaseducatedinseveralEuropeancountries,whichgaveheragroundingindiverselanguagesandcultures.SusanBassnettSusanBassnett85Sheisauthorofover20

books,andher

TranslationStudies,(3rded.2002)whichfirstappearedin1980,hasremainedconsistentlyinprintandhasbecomethemostimportanttextbookaroundtheworldintheexpandingfieldofTranslationStudies.HerComparativeLiterature:ACrit