水利水電工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)英文詞匯教材

PAGEPAGEiistrainmeter應(yīng)變計(jì)temperaturesensor溫度傳感器terminalstation集線站其他（Others）checkhole檢查孔compartment灌區(qū)densemix濃漿foundationuplift基礎(chǔ)隆起grouthole灌漿孔instrumenthole儀器孔primary/secondaryandtertiarygroutholes一序、二序、三序灌漿孔spiltspacing加密灌漿孔距wastemix棄漿測(cè)量（Survey）測(cè)量方法及術(shù)語(yǔ)（MethodsandTerms）adjust校正、調(diào)整adjustment平差allowance容許誤差backsightpoint后視點(diǎn)basicpoint基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn)benchmark水準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)compass羅盤chainage(stationnumber)樁號(hào)chainoftriangulation三角鎖check校核、對(duì)照controlpoint控制點(diǎn)coordinatepoint坐標(biāo)點(diǎn)datum基礎(chǔ)面datumpoint基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)deviation偏差easilyidentifiablepoint容易識(shí)別點(diǎn)error誤差firstordertriangulation一等三角測(cè)量geodetic大地測(cè)量學(xué)的geodeticsurveying大地測(cè)量jointsurvey聯(lián)合測(cè)量knownpoint已知點(diǎn)levelsurface水準(zhǔn)面localtriangulationnetworks局部三角網(wǎng)nationalcoordinationsystem國(guó)家坐標(biāo)網(wǎng)observe觀測(cè)、監(jiān)視pointtobelocated待定點(diǎn)position定位、位置reconnaissance選點(diǎn)、踏勘referencepoint參考點(diǎn)secondordertriangulation二等三角測(cè)量setout放線、放樣stake-line測(cè)樁線stateplanecoordinatesystem國(guó)家平面坐標(biāo)系surveypoint測(cè)點(diǎn)theoreticalpoint理論點(diǎn)traverse(polygon)導(dǎo)線（測(cè)量）、橫斷erroroftraverse導(dǎo)線閉合差latticetraverse網(wǎng)格狀導(dǎo)線longsidetraverse長(zhǎng)導(dǎo)線opentraverse非閉合導(dǎo)線shortsidetraverse短導(dǎo)線traverseclosure導(dǎo)線閉合traversestation導(dǎo)線點(diǎn)traversesurvey導(dǎo)線測(cè)量triangulation三角測(cè)量triangulationnetwork三角網(wǎng)triangulationofhighorder高等級(jí)三角網(wǎng)triangulationpoint三角點(diǎn)trilateration三邊測(cè)量vertical-controlnet高程控制網(wǎng)woodpile木樁角度測(cè)量（AngularMeasure）azimuth方位角bearing方位、象限角buddle氣泡、水準(zhǔn)器circle度盤、圓盤circularbubble圓水準(zhǔn)器collimationaxis視準(zhǔn)軸cross-line(cross-hair)十字絲depressionangle俯角elevationangle仰角eyepiece(ocular)目鏡fieldpole(staff)標(biāo)桿foot-screw腳螺栓horizontalangle水平角mark標(biāo)志（明）objectivelens物鏡plumb(plummet)鉛垂、垂線sight瞄準(zhǔn)、觀測(cè)target目標(biāo)、瞄準(zhǔn)theodolite經(jīng)緯儀tranverseaxis橫軸tripod三腳架verticalangle豎直角verticalaxis豎軸望遠(yuǎn)鏡（Telescope）centering對(duì)中faceleft盤左faceright盤右focus集中、焦點(diǎn)focusing調(diào)焦indexerror指標(biāo)誤差invertedpositionoftelescope(reversetelescope)倒鏡、盤右normalpositionoftelescope(directtelescope)正鏡、盤右opticalplummet光學(xué)垂準(zhǔn)器round測(cè)回set套、組station測(cè)站距離測(cè)量（DistanceMeasure）barometer氣壓計(jì)baseline(basicline/datumline)基線battery電池EDM(electromagneticdistancemeasurement)電磁波測(cè)距filter濾光片、濾波器laseralignmentsystem激光準(zhǔn)直系統(tǒng)laserbeam激光束prism棱鏡range測(cè)程、距離longrange遠(yuǎn)程mediumrange中程shortrange短程rangefinder測(cè)距儀signal信號(hào)springbalance彈簧稱tape卷尺invartape銦瓦鋼卷尺高程測(cè)量（HeightMeasurement）altitude/elevation高程、海拔approximateleveling近似置平、粗平automaticlevel自動(dòng)定平水準(zhǔn)儀differenceinaltitude(differenceofelevation,heightdifference)高差errorofclosureinleveling水準(zhǔn)閉合差exactleveling精平、確置平level水準(zhǔn)儀（測(cè)點(diǎn)）levelcircuit水準(zhǔn)閉合環(huán)levelshoe水準(zhǔn)尺墊lineoflevel水準(zhǔn)線路nationalgeodeticverticaldatum國(guó)家大地高程基準(zhǔn)面reducedlevel歸化高差runback返測(cè)runout往測(cè)three-wireleveling三絲法水準(zhǔn)測(cè)量地形測(cè)量（TopographicSurvey）boundary邊界、界線constructionstake施工標(biāo)樁contour等高線contourinterval等高距contouring繪等高線contour-lengthmethod等高線延長(zhǎng)法contourline等高線controlnetwork控制網(wǎng)detail細(xì)部、詳圖draw繪圖field外業(yè)fix固定、確定formline地形圖grid格網(wǎng)information注記、資料、情報(bào)marginalinformation輪廓注記large-scale大比例尺的latitude緯度、范圍latitudecircle緯圈latitudeline緯線legend圖例location定線、定位longitude經(jīng)度longitudeline經(jīng)線map地圖、制圖mapping制圖、測(cè)圖、地質(zhì)素描matchline拼接線monument標(biāo)石、石柱object地物、目標(biāo)plan平面圖、略圖plot繪圖profile斷面（圖）、縱剖圖record記錄、資料setup定置儀器sitelocation定位stakeout放樣、定線、立樁symbol符號(hào)、記號(hào)topographicdetail地形細(xì)部topographicmap地形圖◆原形觀測(cè)觀測(cè)儀器和設(shè)施{InstrumentationandFacilities）air-entrainingmeter摻氣劑Carlson-typepiezometer卡爾遜式滲壓計(jì)concretestrainmeter砼應(yīng)變計(jì)convergentpoint收斂測(cè)點(diǎn)directplumbline正垂線earthpressurecell土壓力盒embankmentpiezometer壩體滲壓計(jì)embankmentstrainmeter堤應(yīng)變計(jì)extendedwire引張線foundationpiezometer基礎(chǔ)滲壓計(jì)horizontalinclinometer水平測(cè)斜儀hydraulicinstrument水力學(xué)儀器hydrophone水聽(tīng)器inclinometercasing測(cè)斜管interfacejointmeter界面變位計(jì)invertedplumbline倒垂線micropiezometer微壓計(jì)multiplepositionextensometer多點(diǎn)位移計(jì)observationpoint觀測(cè)標(biāo)點(diǎn)observationwell觀測(cè)井opticalalignmentline視準(zhǔn)線platestrainmeter鋼板計(jì)pneumaticpiezometer氣壓式滲壓計(jì)pressurefluctuationmeter脈動(dòng)壓力計(jì)prestressedtendonanchoragedynamometer預(yù)應(yīng)力錨索測(cè)力計(jì)rockboltextensometer錨桿測(cè)力計(jì)singlepointextensometer單點(diǎn)位移計(jì)spiralsensor測(cè)扭儀standpipe測(cè)壓管strong-motionseismogragh強(qiáng)震儀surfacemonument表面標(biāo)點(diǎn)temperaturesensor溫度傳感器terminalhouse終端房terminalstation終端站tiltmeter傾角計(jì)timeaveragepressurecell時(shí)均壓力計(jì)totalpressurecell總壓力盒velometer流速計(jì)verticalinclinometer垂直測(cè)斜儀vibratingwirepiezometer震旋式滲壓計(jì)vibratingwiresettlementsensor振旋式沉降儀weirwithmicropiezometer帶微壓計(jì)的量水堰workingbasepoint工作基點(diǎn)zerostress-strainmeter砼無(wú)應(yīng)力計(jì)附件及配件（AcessoriesandSpareParts）coil盤繞component零部件coordinator坐標(biāo)儀dampingbox阻尼角differentialresistance差動(dòng)電阻doublelayerrubbersleeve雙層保護(hù)forcedcenteringplate強(qiáng)制對(duì)中盤instrumentlead儀器電纜invarwire銦瓦絲metalring金屬環(huán)plumbcoordinatemeter垂線坐標(biāo)儀pulley滑輪regulator調(diào)節(jié)器riser立管sensor傳感器spool繞軸steelsocket鋼底座tablet藥片tensioningweight張拉重錘thermistor熱敏電阻tip測(cè)頭安裝過(guò)程（ProcessionofInstallation）assemble組裝couple連接embed埋設(shè)install安裝insulate絕緣maintenance維護(hù)monitor監(jiān)測(cè)protectionofinstrumentation儀器保護(hù)reduce歸納seal密封splice拼接supply提供test測(cè)試資料（Information）assembleschematic裝配簡(jiǎn)圖certificate合格證書description使用說(shuō)明書maintenaceguideline維護(hù)指南manual說(shuō)明書operatingprinciple工作原理operatingrestraint操作范圍procedure程序troubleshootingprocedure鼓掌分析程序其他（Others）annularspace環(huán)行空間dataacquisition數(shù)據(jù)采集datarecording數(shù)據(jù)記錄leasdrillinghole引線孔permanentrecord永久記錄readoutdevice讀數(shù)設(shè)備saturated飽和的seepageisolationdike截滲堤trapezoidal梯形◆水工常規(guī)試驗(yàn)砼原材料試驗(yàn)（TestofRawandProcessedMaterialofConcrete）骨料（Aggregate）abrasionvolumebyLosAngelesrattler洛杉機(jī)磨耗量accumulatedretainedpercentage累計(jì)篩余百分率acicularandflakygraininaggregate針狀與片狀顆粒含量alkali-aggregatereaction堿骨料反應(yīng)apparentdensity視密度bulkdensity(unityweight)容重claylumpsandfriableparticlesinaggregate黏土塊及易碎顆粒含量coefficientofsoftening軟化系數(shù)crushindex壓碎指標(biāo)drystate干燥狀態(tài)exceedingandinferiorgraininaggregate超遜徑顆粒含量finenessmodulus細(xì)度模數(shù)gapingplacerate空隙率graderretainedpercentage分計(jì)篩余百分率graincomposition顆粒級(jí)配grainsize粒徑lightweightmatterinaggregate輕物質(zhì)含量micacontent云母含量moisturecontent(waterrate)含水率mudcontent含泥量organiccontent有機(jī)質(zhì)含量potentialreactivityofaggregate骨料潛在活性saturation飽和的sievingcurve篩分曲線softgraininaggregate軟弱骨料含量soundness堅(jiān)固性surfacemoisturecontent表面含水率water-solublesulphide水溶性硫化物水硬性膠凝材料(Hydraulicitycementitiousmaterial)age齡期cementmark(strengthofcement/cementgrade)水泥標(biāo)號(hào)consumptiveuseofwaternormalconsistance標(biāo)準(zhǔn)稠度用水量degreeofmobilization流動(dòng)性dissolutionheat(solutionheat)溶解熱finalset終凝flexuralstrength抗彎強(qiáng)度f(wàn)lyash粉煤灰hydrationheat水化熱initialset初凝lossonignition(ignitionloss)燒矢量settingtime凝結(jié)時(shí)間silicafume硅粉soundness水泥的安定性specificsurfacearea比表面積specificheat比熱waterdemandratio吸水量比外加劑（Admixture）bubblestability泡沫穩(wěn)定性bubblingability起泡能力chloridecontent氯化物含量compressivestrengthrate抗壓強(qiáng)度比contractwithdryrate干縮率dispersingcoefficient分散系數(shù)dispersingabilityofwater-reducingagent減水劑分散能力lossofslump塌落度損失sulphatecontent硫酸鹽含量solidcontent固體含量surfacetension表面張力water-reducingrate減水率水（Water）alkalinity堿度calcion鈣離子carbonicacid鈣酸chlorion氯離子equivalentconcentration當(dāng)量濃度oxygenconsumption耗氧量normalsolution(standardsolution)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液PHvaluePH值wateranalysis水值分析砼（Concrete）砼拌和物（Mixture）assurancestrengthofconcrete砼保證強(qiáng)度bleedingrate泌水率cement-sandration灰砂比designstrengthofconcrete砼設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)號(hào)flowabilityofconcrete砼的流動(dòng)性mixproportion(proportionofmixture)砼配合比mixtureuniformity拌和物的均勻性penetration-obstructionmethod貫入阻力法probabilityofensuringstrengthofconcrete砼強(qiáng)度保證率sandrate砂率unitconsumptionofwater單位用水量waterretention(waterretentiveness)保水性water-cementratio水灰比硬化砼（Hardenedconcrete）axialtensilestrength軸向抗拉強(qiáng)度coefficientofthermalconductivity導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)coolingrate冷卻率coreofconcrete砼芯樣creepdeformation(timedeformation)徐變變形formcoefficient(formfactor)形狀系數(shù)freezing-meltingcirculation凍融循環(huán)frost-resistancemark抗凍標(biāo)號(hào)heatpropertyofconcrete砼熱學(xué)性能height-diameterration高徑比linearexpansioncoefficient線膨脹系數(shù)lossofweight重量損失naturalfrequency自振頻率permeate滲透permeatedheight滲透高度permeated-resistingmark抗?jié)B標(biāo)號(hào)relativecoefficientofpermeability相對(duì)滲透系數(shù)resonancefrequency共振頻率sample試件self-grownvolumedeformation（砼）自生體積變形splittingtensilestrength劈裂抗拉強(qiáng)度staticcompressivemodulusofelasticity靜力抗壓彈數(shù)temperatureconductivity導(dǎo)溫系數(shù)tensilemodulusofelasticity抗拉彈性模量thermalinsulationwarming絕熱溫升ultimatetensilestrain極限拉應(yīng)變ultimatetensilestrength極限抗拉強(qiáng)度wearrate磨損率wear-resistingstrength抗沖磨強(qiáng)度砂漿（Cement）cementlimemortar水泥石灰砂漿cementmortar水泥砂漿cement-claymortar水泥黏土砂漿epoxymortar環(huán)氧砂漿limemortar石灰砂漿plasteringmortar抹面砂漿pointingjointmortar勾縫砂漿土（Soil）accumulationcurve(cumulativecurve)累計(jì)曲線activityindex活性指標(biāo)angleoffriction摩擦角Atterberglimits(watercontentaslimit)阿太堡界限（界限含水量）Californiabearingratio載重比coarse-grainedsoil粗粒土coefficientofcompressibility壓縮系數(shù)coefficientofcubicalcompressibility體積壓縮系數(shù)coefficientofcurvature曲率系數(shù)compression壓縮compressionindex壓縮指數(shù)compressionmodulus壓縮模數(shù)consolidated-undrained(quick)sheartest固結(jié)不排水剪（固結(jié)快剪）試驗(yàn)consolidated-drained(slow)sheartest固結(jié)不排水剪（慢剪）試驗(yàn)consolidation固結(jié)consolidationcoefficient固結(jié)系數(shù)consolidationsettlement固結(jié)沉降consolidationstress固結(jié)應(yīng)力continuousgrading/gradation連接級(jí)配contractiontest(shrinkagetest)收縮試驗(yàn)corecuttermethod環(huán)刀法creepcurve蠕變曲線criticalslope逸出坡降（臨界坡降）Darcy'slaw達(dá)西定律degreeofconsolidation固結(jié)度degreeoffreeswelling自由膨脹率directsheartest直接剪切試驗(yàn)directsheartestofreiteration反復(fù)直剪強(qiáng)度試驗(yàn)distributioncurve分布曲線driftsoil(shiftingsoil/massflow)流土effectiveangleofinnerfriction有效內(nèi)摩擦角effectivestrengthenvelope有效強(qiáng)度包線expansionforce膨脹力expansionration(specificexpansion)膨脹率filteringflow(seepageflow)滲流fine-grainedsoil細(xì)粒土flownet(driftnet)流網(wǎng)hydraulicslope水力坡降hydrometermethod比重計(jì)法hydrostaticheadmethod常水頭法limitequilibriumstate極限平衡狀態(tài)liquefaction液化liquidlimit液限liquidityindex液化指標(biāo)maximumdrydensity最大干密度methodofsieving篩分法Mohr'sstresscircle莫力應(yīng)力圓Mohr-coulombfailurecriteria莫爾-庫(kù)倫破壞準(zhǔn)則normalstress法向應(yīng)力（正應(yīng)力）oedometercurve壓縮曲線optimummoisturecontent最優(yōu)含水量piping管涌plasticlimit塑限plasticityindex塑性指標(biāo)porewaterpressure空隙水壓力porosity空隙率principalstress主應(yīng)力Proctorcompactiontest普氏擊實(shí)試驗(yàn)relativedensity相對(duì)密度sandreplacementmethod灌砂法saturability(saturationdegree/percentsaturation)飽和度saturatedunitweight飽和容重seepagedeformation滲透變形seepageforce(seepagepressure)滲透力seepageline滲透線seepagespeed滲透速度shearstress切向應(yīng)力（剪應(yīng)力）shrinkagelimit縮限skip(gap/jump)grading間斷級(jí)配specificgravityofsoilparticle土粒比重steadyseepagefield穩(wěn)定滲流場(chǎng)stresspath應(yīng)力路徑totalstrengthenvelope總強(qiáng)度包線triaxialcompressiontest三軸壓縮試驗(yàn)unconfinedcompressionstrength無(wú)側(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度unconsolidatedundrainedtest不固結(jié)不排水剪（快剪）試驗(yàn)variableheadmethod變水頭法void(pore)ratio孔隙比waterreplacementmethod灌水法wetdensity濕密度其它建筑材料鋼筋（steel）bendingandunbending反復(fù)彎曲coldbendingtest冷彎試驗(yàn)elongationtest拉伸試驗(yàn)nominaldiameter公稱直徑ratioofelongation伸長(zhǎng)率relaxationtest松弛試驗(yàn)steelstrand鋼絞線tensileyieldstrength拉伸屈服強(qiáng)度ultimatetensilestrength極限抗拉強(qiáng)度木材（Wood）curshingstrengthparalledtothegrain順紋抗壓強(qiáng)度tensilestrengthparalledtothegrain順紋抗拉強(qiáng)度crushingstrengthacrossthegrain橫紋抗壓強(qiáng)度tensilestrengthacrosstothegrain橫紋抗拉強(qiáng)度瀝青（Asphalt）brittletemperaturetest脆化點(diǎn)試驗(yàn)expansiontest延伸度試驗(yàn)penetrationtest針入式試驗(yàn)softeningpointtest軟化點(diǎn)試驗(yàn)testofaging老化試驗(yàn)viscositytest粘滯性試驗(yàn)質(zhì)量管理（QualityManagement）average平均值deviationstandard(errorofmeansquares)均方差deviationcoefficient(dispersioncoefficient)離差系數(shù)indexofcorrelation相關(guān)系數(shù)managementlimit管理界限mathematicstatistics數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)maximum最大值minimum最小值normaldistribution正態(tài)分布qualityassurance質(zhì)量保證qualityexamination質(zhì)量檢測(cè)regressioncurve回歸曲線relativedampness相對(duì)濕度samplecapacity樣本容量samplingfrequency取樣頻率specimen樣品statisticalanalysis統(tǒng)計(jì)分析technicalspecification技術(shù)規(guī)范technicalstandard技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)testingcircumstance試驗(yàn)環(huán)境testingerror試驗(yàn)誤差testingregulation試驗(yàn)規(guī)程varianceanalysis方差分析◆地質(zhì)(Geology)地質(zhì)年代（GeochronologyofGeologicAges）Archaeozoicera(erathem)太古代（界）Proterozoicera(erathem)元古代（界）Palaeozoicera(erathem)古生代（界）Mesozoicera(erathem)中生代（界）Cenozoicera(erathem)新生代（界）Sinianperiod(system)震旦紀(jì)（系）Cambrianperiod(system)寒武紀(jì)（系）Ordovicianperiod(system)奧陶紀(jì)（系）Silurianperiod(system)志留紀(jì)（系）Devonianperiod(system)泥盤紀(jì)（系）Carboniferousperiod(system)石碳紀(jì)（系）Permianperiod(system)二疊紀(jì)（系）Triassicperiod(system)三疊紀(jì)（系）Jurassicperiod(system)侏羅紀(jì)（系）Cretaceousperiod(system)白堊紀(jì)（系）Tertiaryperiod(system)第三紀(jì)（系）Quaternaryperiod(system)第四紀(jì)（系）地質(zhì)構(gòu)造（GeologicStructural）fault斷層normalfault正斷層reversedfault逆斷層parallelfault平移斷層gouge斷層泥stria擦痕joint節(jié)理primaryjoint原生節(jié)理secondaryjoint次生節(jié)理tensionjoint張節(jié)理unloadingjoint卸荷節(jié)理schistosity片理bedding層理foliation板理（葉理）ripplemark波痕mudcrack泥痕rainprint雨痕orientationofbedrock巖層產(chǎn)狀strike走向dip傾向angleofdip(dipangle)傾角fold褶皺anticline背斜syncline向斜Monocline(homocline)單斜dome穹隆softstratum軟弱巖層zoneoffracture(brokenzone)破碎帶affectedzone影響帶platystructure板狀構(gòu)造cleavage解理fracture(rupture)斷裂fissure(crack/fracture)裂隙巖石類型（Rocktype）petrology巖石學(xué)igneousrock火成巖magmaticrock巖漿巖lava(vocanicrock)火山巖intrusive(invade)rock侵入巖effusiverock深成巖pypabussalrock淺成巖acidrock酸性巖inter-mediaterock中性巖basicrock基性巖ultrabasicrock超基性巖granite花崗巖porphyry斑巖rhyolite玢巖syenite流紋巖trachyte粗面巖diorite閃長(zhǎng)巖andesite安山巖gabbro輝長(zhǎng)巖basalt玄武巖aplite細(xì)晶巖pegmatite偉晶巖lamprophyre煌斑巖diabase輝綠巖dunite橄欖巖pumice浮巖sedimentaryrock沉積巖clasticrock碎屑巖clayrock黏土巖chemicalrock化學(xué)巖biolith生物巖conglomerate礫巖siltstone粉砂巖mudstone泥巖shale頁(yè)巖salinerock鹽巖limestone石灰?guī)rdolomite白云巖marl泥灰?guī)rvolcanicbreccia火山角礫巖volcanicagglomerate火山塊集巖tuff凝灰?guī)rmetamorphicrock變質(zhì)巖slate板巖phyllite千枚巖schist片巖gneiss片麻巖quartzite石英巖marble大理巖mylonite糜棱巖migmatite混合巖cataclasite碎裂巖sediment(deposit)沉積物（層）boulder漂石、頑石cobble卵石gravel礫石sand砂siltstone粉土clay黏土sandyclay砂質(zhì)黏土clayeysand粘質(zhì)砂土sandyloam壤土、亞黏土regolith(topsoil)浮土、表土loess黃土laterite紅土peat泥炭ooze軟泥、海泥造巖礦物（Rock-formingMinerals）talc滑石gypsum石膏calcite方解石fluorite螢石apatite磷灰石feldspar長(zhǎng)石quartz石英topaz黃玉corundum剛玉diamand金剛石orthoclase正長(zhǎng)石plagloclase斜長(zhǎng)石biotite黑云母muscovite白云母amphibole角閃石phroxene輝石olivine橄欖石dolomite白云石kaolinite高嶺石montmorillonite蒙脫石bentonite斑脫石、膨潤(rùn)土illite伊力石garnet石榴子石chlorite綠泥石serpentine蛇紋石pyrite黃鐵礦hematite赤鐵礦magnetite磁鐵礦limonite褐鐵礦工程地質(zhì)（EngineeringGeology）Geotechnics(geotechnique)土工學(xué)（土工技術(shù)、巖石工程）rockmechanics巖石力學(xué)soilmechanics土力學(xué)geomechanics地質(zhì)力學(xué)、巖石力學(xué)engineeringgeologicalconditons工程地質(zhì)條件engineeringgeologicalproblem工程地質(zhì)問(wèn)題rockmassstructure巖體結(jié)構(gòu)geographicandgeomorphicconditions地形地貌條件geophysicalphenomenon物理地質(zhì)現(xiàn)象hydrogeologicalconditions水文地質(zhì)條件naturalmaterials天然材料reservoir水庫(kù)settlement沉降displacement位移deformation變形tectonicstress構(gòu)造應(yīng)力residualstress殘余應(yīng)力angleofinternalfriction內(nèi)摩擦角cohesion內(nèi)聚力（粘聚力、凝聚力）pressuretunnel壓力隧洞undergroundcavern/cavity地下洞室overburden覆蓋物bedrock(baserock/foundationrock)基巖firm/soundrock堅(jiān)硬巖石weak/softrock軟弱巖石interbed夾層zoneoffracture(brokenzones)破碎帶homogeneity均質(zhì)性nonhomogeneity/heterogeneity非均質(zhì)性isotropy各向同性anisotropy各向異性礦物質(zhì)的物理性質(zhì)(PhysicalCharacterofMinerals)hardness硬度luster光澤color顏色transparencey/pellucidity透明度streak條痕rent/fracture斷口crystalform晶形巖石學(xué)(Petrology)classification分類structure構(gòu)造應(yīng)力texture結(jié)構(gòu)fabric組構(gòu)mineralcomposition礦物組成crystalline結(jié)晶質(zhì)amorphoussubstance非晶質(zhì)fossil化石degreeofrounding磨圓度degreeofgrains粒度地層地貌(StratumandPhysiognomy)basin盆地rivervalley河谷riverbed河床topography地形terrain地勢(shì)attitude產(chǎn)狀rockbase(batholite)巖基rockstock巖株rockflow巖流rockloccolith巖蓋rocklopolith巖盆rockdike巖墻rocksill巖床veindyke巖脈sediment(deposit)沉積物（層）alluvium沖積物（層）proluvium(diluvium)洪積物（層）deluvium坡積物（層）eluvium殘積物（層）eoliandeposit風(fēng)積物（層）lakedeposit湖積物（層）marinedeposit海積物（層）glacial(drift)deposit冰川沉積物（層）colluvialdeposit(colluvium)崩積物（層）cross-bedding交錯(cuò)層geologicstructure地質(zhì)構(gòu)造geotectonics大地構(gòu)造學(xué)graben地塹horst地壘cordance(conformity)整合discordance(unconformity)非整合deceptivecordance/conformity假整合地質(zhì)作用(PhysicalGeologyAction)weathering風(fēng)化erosion侵蝕transportation搬運(yùn)deposition/sediment沉積denudation剝蝕corrasion磨蝕corrosion腐蝕dissolution溶蝕landslide滑坡collapse(rockfall)崩塌mudflow泥石流earthquake地震intensity烈度magnitude震級(jí)◆水文(Hydrology)groundwater(subsurfacewater)地下水surfacewater地表水a(chǎn)tmosphericwater大氣水runoff徑流fresh/plain/sweetwater淡水riverflow/discharge河水流量peakfloodflow洪峰流量floodoutflow洪水下泄流量dryseason枯水季wetseason豐水季flood(raining)season汛期non-floodseason非汛期5%frequencyflood20年一遇洪水floodcontrol防汛（二）工程施工.機(jī)電類◆金屬結(jié)構(gòu)（Hydromechanicalwork)閘門(Gate)servicegate工作門emergencygate事故門maintenancegate檢修門sectorgate弧形閘門eccentrichingesectorgate偏心鉸閘門planegate平面閘門fixedwheelplanegate定輪平面閘門trashrack攔污柵trashrake清污機(jī)預(yù)埋件（EmbeddedParts）sill底砍mainguide主軌auxiliaryguide副軌reverseguide反軌sideguide側(cè)軌lintel門楣steelliner鋼襯highpressurewaterpipe高壓沖水管pressurebalancewaterpipe沖水水平管組件/部件（Assembly/parts）gateleaf門葉crank拐臂arm支撐seal水封mainseal主水封sideseal側(cè)水封topseal頂水封bottomseal底水封auxiliaryseal輔助水封、節(jié)流器clipplate壓板slideblock滑塊sideslideblock側(cè)向滑塊reverseslideblock反向滑塊fixedwheel定輪mainwheel主輪sidewheel側(cè)輪ballast配重liftingear吊耳liftinglink拉桿trunion支餃hinge鉸鏈hingedsupport餃座hingedshaft鉸軸cover端蓋trunionbeam支餃梁doggingbeam鎖定梁?jiǎn)㈤]機(jī)（Hoist）wireropehoist固定卷?yè)P(yáng)式啟閉機(jī)hydraulichoist液壓?jiǎn)㈤]機(jī)monorailhoist單軌啟閉機(jī)overheadcrane橋機(jī)bridgecrane橋機(jī)supportframe機(jī)架reducer減速器motor電動(dòng)機(jī)pulley滑輪livepulley動(dòng)滑輪fixedpulley定滑輪equalizerpulley平衡滑輪drum卷筒steelwirerope鋼絲繩positionsensor高度傳感器loadsensor荷載傳感器brake制動(dòng)器hydraulicsystem液壓系統(tǒng)oilcylinder油缸pistonrod活塞桿pumpstation泵站oiltank郵箱pipe管道filter過(guò)濾器accumulator蓄能器valve閥logicvalve邏輯閥checkvalve單向閥ballvalve球閥cartridgevalve插裝閥solenoidoperateddirectionalvalve電磁換向閥門式起重機(jī)（GrantryCrane）rail軌道liftingmechanism起升機(jī)構(gòu)travelingmechanism運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)inspectiontrolley檢修小車gantry門架supportcolumn門腿primarybeam主梁bridgebeam橫梁crossbeam端梁sidebeam邊梁liftingbeam起吊梁hook吊狗buffer緩沖裝置railclampingdevice夾軌器drivingwheel主動(dòng)輪drivenwheel從動(dòng)輪其他（Others）abnormalvibration反常震動(dòng)activate激活anti-clockwise逆時(shí)針anticorrosion防腐carryon繼續(xù)進(jìn)行carryout執(zhí)行clockwise順時(shí)針commissioning試運(yùn)行concentricitydeviation同心度偏差connect連接debris碎片de-energize斷電detect探測(cè)drytest無(wú)水試驗(yàn)dynamicloadingtest動(dòng)載試驗(yàn)energize給……加電erection架立expansion伸展fasten扣緊fit安裝flowingwater動(dòng)水gateclosure閉門gateopening啟門gatepositionrestoration門位恢復(fù)idletest空載試驗(yàn)impact碰撞inpressurebalancecondition平壓條件下lift……intoposition將……起吊到位locate定位lower降下manualoperation手動(dòng)操作noise噪聲note記錄operatinggap運(yùn)作空隙pack襯墊particle微粒perform執(zhí)行positionaccurately精確定位precise精確的pre-set預(yù)留/預(yù)置pressbutton按下按鈕progressively逐漸地purity純度push推reliable可靠的residualoil余油retraction回縮run運(yùn)行secure保護(hù)separatelyorsimultaneously單獨(dú)/同時(shí)地setup架設(shè)setting設(shè)置/讀數(shù)shim薄墊片slack松弛staticloadingtest靜載試驗(yàn)stillwater靜水switchoff切斷synchronize同步tighten擰緊underwaterheadcondition水壓作用條件下wettest有水試驗(yàn)◆焊接和無(wú)損檢驗(yàn)（WeldingandNondestructiveTesting）焊接{Welding）arcstrike引弧/弧傷arcwelding電弧焊automaticwelding自動(dòng)焊backgouging背面清根backing墊板basemetal母材build-upwelding堆焊/補(bǔ)焊buttjoint對(duì)接接頭carbonrode碳棒completefusion完全融合cornerjoint角接接頭coveredelectrode涂料焊條coupon試件directcurrentelectrodenegative(DCEN)直流電極接負(fù)directcurrentelectrodepositive(DCEP)直流電極接正doublewelding雙面焊double-bevelgrooveweld雙斜邊坡口焊縫double-Jgrooveweld雙面J型坡口焊縫double-Ugrooveweld雙面U型坡口焊縫double-Veegrooveweld雙面V型坡口焊縫electrode焊條/電極electrodeholder焊鉗electrosgaswelding電氣焊electroslagwelding電渣焊fillermetal填充金屬filletweld角焊縫fullfilletweld大填角焊縫flatwelding平焊flux焊劑fluxcoredarcwelding藥芯焊絲弧焊forehandwelding左焊法frictionwelding摩擦焊fullpenetrationweld全融透焊縫fusion熔合fusionline熔合線grooveweld坡口焊縫heataffecterzone熱影響區(qū)horizontalwelding橫焊lapjoint搭接接頭machinewelding機(jī)器焊manualwelding手工焊overheadwelding仰焊oxyfuelgascutting(OFC)氧燃料氣割oxyfuelgaswelding(OFW)氧燃料氣焊partialpenetrationweld非全融透焊縫pass焊道peening錘擊plasmaarcwelding等離子弧焊plugweld塞焊porosity氣孔postheating后熱postweldheattreatment焊后熱處理preheating預(yù)熱resistancewelding電阻焊sealweld密封焊縫seamwelding縫焊semi-automaticwelding半自動(dòng)焊single-bevelgrooveweld單斜邊坡口焊縫single-Jgrooveweld單面J型坡口焊縫single-Ugrooveweld單面U型坡口焊縫single-Veegrooveweld單面V型坡口焊縫slaginclusion夾渣spotwelding點(diǎn)焊squaregrooveweld直坡口焊縫submergedarcwelding埋弧焊tackwelding定位焊undercut咬邊verticalwelding立焊weldhead焊道weldment焊件無(wú)損檢驗(yàn)（NondestructiveTesting）angledbeam斜射波backscatter背散射calibrationblock校準(zhǔn)試塊cleaningagent清洗劑contactbeam接觸波couplaut偶合劑crimp褶皺definition清晰度delayedsweep延時(shí)掃描detergent去污劑developer顯像劑double-wallviewing雙壁透照echo回波eddycurrentexamination渦流檢驗(yàn)emulsifier乳化劑examinationmedium檢驗(yàn)介質(zhì)exposure暴光inagequalityindicator象質(zhì)顯示器inspector檢驗(yàn)師liquidpenetrantstesting滲液檢驗(yàn)magneticparticletesting磁粉檢驗(yàn)massspectrometer質(zhì)普儀nondestructiveinspection無(wú)損探傷penetrameter透度計(jì)penetrant滲透劑radiographictesting射線檢驗(yàn)scan掃描scratch劃痕searchunit探頭single-wallviewing單壁透照sniffer嗅探器straightbeam直射波streak條紋ultrasonicinstrument超聲儀ultrasonictesting超聲波檢驗(yàn)visualtesting目測(cè)、外觀檢驗(yàn)wheelsearchunit輪式探頭X-raymachineX-射線儀◆水輪機(jī)（HydraulicTurbine）hydraulicturbine水輪機(jī)reactionturbine反擊式水輪機(jī)impulseturbine沖擊式水輪機(jī)francisturbine混流式水輪機(jī)axialturbine軸流式水輪機(jī)prototypeturbine原型水輪機(jī)ratedhead額定水頭effectivehead有效水頭nethead凈水頭maximalhead最大水頭minimalhead最小水頭spiralcase蝸殼stayring座環(huán)wicketgate導(dǎo)葉mainshaft主軸shaftseal主軸密封couplingflange連接法蘭runner轉(zhuǎn)輪runnercrown轉(zhuǎn)輪上冠runnerband轉(zhuǎn)輪下環(huán)runnercone轉(zhuǎn)輪泄水錐runnerblade/bucket轉(zhuǎn)輪葉片headcover頂蓋bottomring底環(huán)dischargering基礎(chǔ)環(huán)drafttube尾水管drafttubecone尾水錐管drafttubeelbow尾水肘管governor調(diào)速器governorcubicle/cabinet調(diào)速器柜oilpressuretank/vessel壓力油罐oilsumptank回油箱gatering控制環(huán)distributor導(dǎo)水機(jī)構(gòu)shearpin剪斷銷ringgate筒形閥servomotor接力器efficiency效率output出力discharge流量siradmissionsystem補(bǔ)氣系統(tǒng)vortex渦流檢驗(yàn)specialtool專用工具auxiliaryequipment輔助設(shè)備damper/absorber/cushion減震器、陰尼器runout擺度waterhammer水擊guidebearing導(dǎo)軸承operationcondition運(yùn)行工況opening開(kāi)度cavitation空蝕erosionresistantcoating抗磨涂層load負(fù)荷inertia慣性flywheeleffect飛輪效應(yīng)timeconstant時(shí)間常數(shù)mandoor進(jìn)入門pitliner機(jī)坑里襯elasticlayer彈性墊層turbinepit機(jī)坑feedback反饋maindistributingvalve主配壓閥solenoid線圈relay繼電器transferfunction傳遞函數(shù)◆機(jī)械通用詞匯abrasionperformance耐磨性abrasiontest磨耗試驗(yàn)accessory附件、配件、零件accuracy準(zhǔn)確性、精度anti-corrosion抗蝕balancetest平衡試驗(yàn)bearing軸承bearingbox軸承箱bearingbush軸瓦、軸套bearingcarrier軸承座bearingcollar軸承環(huán)、推力頭bearingcover軸承蓋bearingjournal軸頸bend彎頭bendradius彎曲半徑bendingstrength抗彎強(qiáng)度bolt螺栓bore鉆孔boremachine鏜床brakevalve制動(dòng)閥by-pass旁通callipers卡尺cardanshaft萬(wàn)向軸cast鑄造characteristictest特性試驗(yàn)chock楔子、墊塊clamp卡頭、夾板clearingoffault故障排除clip夾具、鉗coat涂層correctionvalue矯正值cottorpin開(kāi)口銷couplingflange聯(lián)結(jié)法蘭dampingdevice緩沖裝置deflection撓度density密度derusting除銹descale除垢deviation偏差dial刻度盤dialgauge千分尺distort變形dowelpin(setpin)定位銷eccentriccam偏心凸輪eccentricpin偏心銷eccentricity偏心、偏心率、偏心度elasticbearing彈性軸承elasticdeformation彈性變形elasticlimit彈性極限facility設(shè)備、設(shè)施factoryassembly工廠裝配fashionediron型鋼feedpipe供水管femaleend內(nèi)止口fieldwelding現(xiàn)場(chǎng)焊縫finish表面光潔度、精加工fittingallowance裝配公差fittingassembling零件裝配fittingface配合面flange法蘭flatness平整度f(wàn)law缺陷flexibility撓性、柔性forge鍛造foundation基礎(chǔ)friction摩擦gauge規(guī)、計(jì)、表gear齒輪globevalve球閥grade等級(jí)hardness硬度heattreatment熱處理interface分界面、接觸面、接口joint接頭、接縫、連接、焊接jointface結(jié)合面、接縫面lubricant潤(rùn)滑劑、潤(rùn)滑材料lubricationcircuit潤(rùn)滑管道lubricationoil潤(rùn)滑油machine機(jī)加工machinetool機(jī)床maleend外止口monkeywrench活動(dòng)扳手nail釘子nipple管接頭nut螺母o-ringO形環(huán)operatingcondition運(yùn)行情況pretreatment預(yù)處理process流程、工藝screwcap螺帽spigot套管、止口stroke行程valve閥門verticality垂直度washer墊圈wedge楔子板◆電氣設(shè)備及元器件（ElectricalEquipment&ElementParts）generator發(fā)電機(jī)motor電動(dòng)機(jī)3-phasesquirrel-cageasynchronousmotor三相鼠籠式電動(dòng)機(jī)3-phasewindasynchronous三相繞線式電動(dòng)機(jī)motorarmature電樞brush電刷coil線圈、繞組energizingcoil勵(lì)磁線圈stator定子statorcore定子鐵芯statorwinding定子繞組rotator轉(zhuǎn)子transformer變壓器isolatingtransformer隔離變壓器mutualinductor互感器currenttransformer(CT)電流互感器potentialtransformer(PT)電壓互感器high-voltageequipment高壓電器breaker斷路器isolatingswitch隔離開(kāi)關(guān)bushing套管insulator絕緣子suspendedinsulator懸式絕緣子column-typeinsulator支柱絕緣子reactor電抗器capacitor電容器lightningrod避雷針（器）low-voltageelectricappliance低壓電器knifeswitch刀開(kāi)關(guān)fuse熔斷器automaticswitch自動(dòng)開(kāi)關(guān)contactor接觸器contact觸點(diǎn)constantclosecontact常閉觸點(diǎn)constantopencontact常開(kāi)觸點(diǎn)starter啟動(dòng)器overtravel-limitswitch行程開(kāi)關(guān)changeoverswitch轉(zhuǎn)換開(kāi)關(guān)controller控制器resistor電阻器lightresistor光敏電阻varistor變阻器electromagnet電磁鐵bus母線barebusbar裸母線cable電纜powercable電力電纜controlcable控制電纜armoredcable鎧裝電纜cab-typecable橡皮絕緣軟電纜cableclamp電纜夾cableconnector電纜接頭cablecore電纜芯cabledrum電纜卷筒cablehanger電纜掛鉤cablerack電纜架cableterminalend電纜終端Hcable屏蔽電纜barewire裸線ammeter電流表ohmmeter歐姆表voltmeter電壓表kilowatt-hourmeter電度表megger兆歐表relay繼電器overcurrentrelay過(guò)流繼電器undercurrentrelay欠流繼電器timerelay(timer)時(shí)間繼電器thermalrelay熱繼電器shortdownrelay斷路繼電器battery蓄電池batterycharger蓄電池充電器pannel盤屏swithboard配電盤distributingcabinet分線（配電）盒wiringterminal接線端子terminalblock接線板、接線盒illuminator照明lamp燈lightningdistributionbox(board)照明配電箱screwsocket螺口燈頭fluorescencelamp日光燈buld燈泡socket插座grounding接地groundingresistance接地電阻groundingswitch接地開(kāi)關(guān)groundconnector接地體galvanizedflatsteel鍍鋅扁鋼groundwire接地線workinggrounding工作接地protectiongrounding保護(hù)接地others其他masterswitch主令開(kāi)關(guān)inductioncoil感應(yīng)線圈magneticcoil電磁線圈stabilizator穩(wěn)壓器bell電鈴IPC共控機(jī)localcontrolunit(LCU)現(xiàn)地控制單元programmablelogiccontroller(PLC)可編程控制器programmer編程器motorvalve電動(dòng)閥electromagneticvalve電磁閥◆電氣通用詞匯alternationcurrent(AC)交流電allowedvalue容許值ampere安培automaticoperation自動(dòng)操作bridge電橋cablingdiagram電纜連接圖capacityofstoragebattery蓄電池容量charging充電chargingcurrent充電電流close閉合constantclosecontact常閉觸點(diǎn)constantopencontact常開(kāi)觸點(diǎn)controlcircuit控制電路currentintensity電流強(qiáng)度directcurrent(DC)直流電de-energise(deenergize)切斷、斷電dynamictest動(dòng)態(tài)試驗(yàn)electricarc電弧electricleakage漏電flashtest高壓閃絡(luò)試驗(yàn)generatoractivepower發(fā)電機(jī)有功功率generatorefficiency發(fā)電機(jī)效率generatorreactivepower發(fā)電機(jī)無(wú)功功率input輸入（量）insulatingcoating絕緣涂層insulationgrade絕緣等級(jí)insulationtest絕緣試驗(yàn)interlocker(interlocking)聯(lián)鎖裝置kilowatt-hour千瓦小時(shí)、度leakageprotection漏電保護(hù)line-to-lineshortcircuit線間短路malfunction誤動(dòng)作manualoperation手動(dòng)操作megohm兆歐mis-operation誤操作ohm歐姆outlet引出線、電源插座outletbox引出盒、接線盒outletline輸出線路output輸出量overcurrentprotection電流過(guò)載保護(hù)parallelcircuit并聯(lián)電路powerfactor功率因數(shù)powersupply電源primarycircuit一次電路ratedcurrent額定電流ratedvoltage額定電壓rechargingcurrent充電電流release釋放（機(jī)構(gòu)、線圈）、斷開(kāi)remotecontrol遠(yuǎn)控secondarycircuit二次電路secondarycoil二次繞組secondarywinding二次線圈seriescircuit串聯(lián)電路shielding屏蔽short-circuit短路simulationtest模擬試驗(yàn)sparkover絕緣擊穿statictest靜態(tài)試驗(yàn)switching-in合閘、接通（入）switching–off斷開(kāi)（路）、開(kāi)閘、掉閘threephaseciruit三相電路three-phasefour-wiresystem三相四線制transientcurrent瞬時(shí)電流transientvoltage瞬時(shí)電壓volt伏（特）voltage電壓wiringscheme接線圖withstandvoltagetest耐壓試驗(yàn)◆計(jì)算機(jī)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)（ComputerSupervisoryandControlSystem）A/Dconverter模數(shù)變換器analogcontrolloop模擬控制回路automatic-restoration自