什么是元音字母和輔音字母及其發(fā)音規(guī)則詳解

我們常將字母分類英語的26個字母分兩種類型：一種叫元音字母，另一種叫輔音字母。元音字母有：a，e，i，o，u五個，其余為輔音字母。即：元音字母Aa[ei]、Ee[i：]、Ii[ai]、Oo[au]、Uu[(j)u：]輔音字母Hh、Jj、Kk、Bb、Cc、Dd、Gg、Pp、Tt、Vv、Yy、Qq、Ww、[e]Ff、LlMm、Nn、Ss、Xx、Zz、[a：]Rr詳細(xì)發(fā)音表：元音字母的發(fā)音規(guī)則元音字母位置讀音例詞例外a重讀開音節(jié)[ei]cakebaseescapeplanehave[?]vase[a:]water[?:]重讀閉音節(jié)[?]fattrapflatexactlyrapiddam非重讀音節(jié)[?]againcameravacationvegetable[i:]comradevillagecourage在[w]之后[?]wantwashwhatwandersk,ss,st,th,ch,f,nc之前[a:]masterasktaskclassglassfatherpathafterbranchadvance特殊情況[e]anymanyanythinganybodye重讀開音節(jié)[i:]bethesesheevil重讀閉音節(jié)[e]netpressgentlyacceptlevel非重讀音節(jié)[?]silenceproblemopenchildren[i]effectselectdevelopbeforeI(y)重讀開音節(jié)[ai]ripealivewinearrivebesidepolitelifesmilesurprisegive[i]live[i]pyramid[i]重讀閉音節(jié)[i]quizsickdishsingdigfilmmisswinterpicturedifficlty在重讀音節(jié)中[ai]cycleskyshywhyy在非重讀音節(jié)中[i]citycopyemptyeveryhealthynb,ld,mb前[ai]mindkindblindfindchildclimb非重讀音節(jié)中[?]terriblehorriblepossible在下列單詞中讀作[i:]policemagazinemachinetechniqueo重讀開音節(jié)[?u]stonenoteprogrammedprogressmotorlonelysmokenojokewoman[u]women[i]重讀閉音節(jié)[?]copybossclothfondlongknockacrosscommonbombn,m,v,th前[?]tondonecomesomelovecovermotheranotherother在以ld,st,th結(jié)尾的一些詞中[?u]holdfoldtoldmostalmostboth非重讀音節(jié)[?]officialpositionsocietyfreedom在下列單詞中讀[u:]moveprovelosewhosetombshoedoremoveu重讀開音節(jié)[ju:]usedutycomputerreducerescuetubeTuesdaytrue[u:]busy[i]bury[e]minute[i]重讀閉音節(jié)[?]cuplunchbushub[u]putpullpushfullbullet非重讀音節(jié)[?]untilsupplyunlessindustry在開音節(jié)中，在輔音字母l,r,j后[u:]bluerulerulerJuneJulyrude元音字母組合位置讀音例詞例外ar重讀[a:]markcarvearticlepartymarketMarchfarmhard在W后[?:]warmwarnrewardwar非重讀[?]grammarer重讀[?:]servicecertainserve非重讀[?]workerfarmerteacheror重讀[?:]formimportantcornerhorse在W后[?:]workwordworldworth非重讀[?]mirrordoctorforbidforgetur重讀[?:]churchThursdaynurseturnreturn非重讀[?]surprisesurroundmurmurir重讀[?:]thirstydirtyfirstgirliie[i:]piecethieffieldchiefdiet[ai?]quiet[ai?][ai]lietiedieire[ai?]wireinspirehiretireigh[ai]rightfightnighthighbrightlightai重讀音節(jié)[ei]tailorremaingrainsailpraiseraisebrainsaid[e]非重讀音節(jié)[i]captain[?]certainau[?:]causeaunt[a:]al[?:]walkballalltalkhalf[a:]alms[a:][?:l]alwaysalmostalreadyalthoughaw[?:]drawdawnsawair[e?]fairaffairhairupstairsare[e?]dareglaresharecomparecarefulare[a:]augh[?:]taughtcaughtdaughternaughtylaugh[a:f]ay重讀音節(jié)[ei]delayplaysaywaytodaysays[e]非重讀音節(jié)[i]SundayMondayuure重讀音節(jié)[u?]suresurely非重讀音節(jié)[?:]pleasureeea[i:]repeatleafleadpeacediseasecream[e]sweaterthreadheadacheheavybreakfast特殊[ei]greatgreatlybreak[i?]realideatheatreee[i:]sleepfreelyweedsteeldegreeear[i?]appearclearnearheardearearheart[a:][?:]heardlearnearnearlysearch[e?]wearbearswearpearei[i]receiveseizeceilingew[ju:]fewnewnewssew[?u]在[l]，[r]后[u:]blewflewthrewdrewere[e?]therewherehere[i?]ey重讀音節(jié)[ei]greyheyobeykey[i:]非重讀音節(jié)[i]monkeydonkeyeigh[ei]weighteighteightyooa[?u]loafroadsoapcoatboatbroad[?:]abroad[?:]oi[?i]voicenoisepointchoiceoy[?i]toyboyjoyjoyfuloo在其他字母前[u:]roofchooseschoolshootwool[u]foot[u]在k，d前[u]tooklookcookstoodwoodgoodfood[u:]flood[?]blood[?]oor[?:]floordoorpoor[u?]ou[au]poundrousemountaintrousersgroundthousandshoulder[?u]soul[?u][?]couplecousindoublecountrytouchtrouble[u:]routegrouproutinesoup[u]couldshouldwouldough[?:]foughtboughtbroughtthoughtthough[?u]plough[au]cough[?f]through[u:]thorough[?]enough[?f]ow[au]downbrownflowerknowledge[?][?u]bowlsowwindowrowownerlowshowthrowgrow輔音字母發(fā)音規(guī)則輔音字母位置讀音例詞例外b在m后或在t之前不發(fā)音tombclimbdoubt其他情況／b／bedbobbigc在e,i,y前／s／centrecitydecidebicycleconcertricepercent在ia,ie,io前／?／socialespecialancient在a,o,u,l前在音節(jié)末／k／cavecomfortcolorclasscausecapitalcastg在其他字母前／g／giftgirlgoalgladglassgarage／?／get／g／在e,i,y前／d?／largegeneralorangepage在以n結(jié)尾的詞中不發(fā)音signforeignh一般情況／h／holdheathidehatehuge在個別詞中不發(fā)音honesthourhonorforeheadk一般情況／k／walkkeykite在n前不發(fā)音knows詞首／s／sendsave在元音字母和元音字母之間／z／visitdesiremusicbase／s／在詞中清輔音前／s／past在詞中濁輔音前／z／husbandsalesgirl在元音字母u,i前／?／suresugarRussiaAsia在u,ion前／?／pleasureusuallyoccasiontelevisionn在其他字母前／n／cornernineniceline在字母k,x,g前／?／anxiousthinkthankfingerbankstrange／n／x在其他字母前／ks／exceptexhibitionextracttext在元音字母前／gz／examexampleexistexactly輔音字母組合發(fā)音規(guī)則輔音字母組合位置讀音例詞例外ch／t?／channelchoosecheckchalkchangesandwich／d?／／k／chemistryChristmasheadacheschool／?／machinemoustachetch／t?／matchpatchsnatchth／θ／thinkthankthingworth／e／withalthoughthosethisqu／kw／quizquestionquickquiteph／f／telephonephysicsphraseck／k／packagepickquickbackkn／n／knifeknowknowledgeknockng／?／somethingsingthingwr在其他字母前／r／wrongwretchwrapwh／w／wheelwheatwhisperwhistlewhitewhy在字母o前／h／wholewhosewhowhomtion在詞尾／??n／educationstationdirectionsituation在字母s后／t??n／suggestionquestionsion／??n／decisionconclusion單詞附加詞尾的讀音規(guī)則詞尾位置讀音例詞(e)s清輔音后／s／desksmakeslampslooks濁輔音或元音后／z／pigsradiosplays／t／后／ts／studentsparents／d／后／dz／readsbedses／?／／s／／z／／d?／／t?／后／iz／washesboxesbusesguessestaxespagesteacheshousesed清輔音后／t／washedwalkedaskedmissedjumped濁輔音或元音后／d／recognizedcalledansweredplayedcopied／t／／d／后／id／wantedtrustedlandedneeded一、元音字母在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音a在開音節(jié)中[ei]nameplaneJanebabycake在閉音節(jié)中[ae]bagdadhatmapblackbacke在開音節(jié)中[i:]hethesemeChinese在閉音節(jié)中[e]bedletpendeskyeseggi在開音節(jié)中[ai]bikeflydrivetimenicekite在閉音節(jié)中[i]fishbigdrinksitmilkswimo在開音節(jié)中[eu]thoseclosegohoehomeno在閉音節(jié)中[?]clocknotboxshopsocku在開音節(jié)中[ju:]studentexcusedutyTuesday在閉音節(jié)中[?]buscupjumpmuchlunch在開音節(jié)中,元音字母u在輔音字母jlrs后面時讀[u:]音,例如:Junebluerulersuper二、元音字母在非重讀音節(jié)中的讀音a[e]Chinaanotherwomanbreakfast[i]orangecouragevillagecabbagee[e]hundredstudentopenweekendchildren[i]chickenpocketbeginI[e]/[i]holidaybeautifulfamilyanimal[ai]exercisesatelliteo[e]secondtonightsomebodywelcome[eu]alsozerophotou[e]autumndifficult[ju:]popularcongratulationJanuary動詞中的a如果處在開音節(jié)位置,a讀[ei]音,例如:operateu處在開音節(jié)位置,又在輔音字母jlrs后面時,讀[u(:)]音,例如:JulyinfluenceFebruaryissue三、元音字母在重讀音節(jié)中的特殊讀音a在[w]音后面[?]wantwhatwatchwashqualitya在fnskphspssstth前[a:]afterplantgraphaskgraspglassfastfatheri在-nd-ld和gh前[ai]findchildlighthigho在-st-ld前[eu]mostpostcardoldcoldo在mnvth前[?]comemonkeylovemother四、-r音節(jié)元音字組在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音ar[a:]carfarmdarksharpener在[w]音后面[?:]warmquartertowardsor[?:]fortymorningshort在[w]音后面[?:]wordworkerworseerirur[?:]certainlybirdThursday開音節(jié)和閉音節(jié)的區(qū)別1）音節(jié)按讀音可以分為開音節(jié)和閉音節(jié)

開音節(jié)又可以分為絕對開音節(jié)和相對開音節(jié)

(1)絕對開音節(jié)：是指一個元音音素后面沒有輔音音素而構(gòu)成的音節(jié)，例如：we,hi,yo-yo

(2)相對開音節(jié)：是指一個元音音素后面有一個輔音音素(除r)之外，最后是一個不發(fā)音的e字母構(gòu)成的音節(jié)，如:take,make

在開音節(jié)中，這個元音字母發(fā)“字母”本身音，例如hi|hai|,use|ju:z|

閉音節(jié)：指元音字母后面有輔音字母(輔音字母r除外)構(gòu)成的音節(jié)，如：leg,cross

2）音節(jié)按重讀可以分為重讀音節(jié)和非重讀音節(jié)

重讀音節(jié)：指在雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)詞中有一個發(fā)音特別響亮的音節(jié)，叫重讀音節(jié)，用重音符號“`”標(biāo)于相應(yīng)位置，其他音節(jié)為非重讀音節(jié)，如begin|be’gin|，單音節(jié)詞作重讀處理，但不標(biāo)重音符號.“開音節(jié)”“閉音節(jié)”的定義是根據(jù)單詞的拼寫形式來定義的，不一定科學(xué)準(zhǔn)確，確非常實用。

以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單詞是開音節(jié)；以元音結(jié)尾的單詞是絕對開音節(jié)。反之以輔音結(jié)尾的單詞是閉音節(jié)。

給一個單詞注音標(biāo)的時候，首先判斷是開音節(jié)還是閉音節(jié)。然后在單詞里找元音。是開音節(jié)的，元音發(fā)它字母本身的音。是閉音節(jié)的，發(fā)它規(guī)定的音。（詞尾是e的，e一般不發(fā)音。兩個e除外。如：see）。反之由音標(biāo)寫單詞也是一樣，根據(jù)它的讀音規(guī)則寫出相應(yīng)的單詞。不規(guī)則單詞除外

英語單詞是由字母組成的，而字母又構(gòu)成音節(jié)，音節(jié)的核心是元音，由一個或幾個元音字母代表。根據(jù)單詞所含的音節(jié)，把單詞分為單音節(jié)詞、雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞。怎樣區(qū)分多音節(jié)單詞的音節(jié)辦法只有一個：那就是看一個單詞的讀音中有多少個元音音素。有多少個元音音素就有多少個音節(jié)。單詞音節(jié)的個數(shù)是單詞讀音時元音音素的個數(shù)所決定的。但有一點需要交待一下，這里講的規(guī)律并沒有把成音節(jié)單詞包含在內(nèi)。成節(jié)音[l][m][n]在一些單詞詞尾音節(jié)中充當(dāng)元音與相鄰輔音也能構(gòu)成音節(jié)。

音節(jié)劃分可分下列幾種情況：

1．在兩個音節(jié)的相鄰處有兩個輔音字母（輔音字母組合ch，ck，sh，th等以及r除外），一般一個屬前一音節(jié)，一個屬后面音節(jié)。前面的重讀音節(jié)按閉音節(jié)的規(guī)則讀音，例：let-te