sonnet18賞析教學講解課件

WilliamShakespeare

1564-1616dramatist,manoftheatre,andpoetHewasbornon23April1564anddiedon23April1616.WilliamShakespeare

1564-1611154sonnets2longpoems37playsTragediesComediesHistoryplaysRomanplaysShakespeare’sWorks154sonnets2longpoems37play2Shakespeare’sFourTragediesHamlet《哈姆雷特》KingLear《李爾王》“OthelloMacbeth《麥克白》Theseareoftenconsideredhisgreatestplays.Shakespeare’sFourTragediesHa3Hamlet,PrinceofDenmarkThesummitofShakespeare’sartHamlet:PrinceofDenmarkClaudius:thenewkingGertrude:QueenofDenmarkOphelia:daughterofPoloniusHamlet,PrinceofDenmark4WhoisHamlet?1.Ahumanist,freefrommedievalprejudicesandsupersitionsInfinitelovefortheworldratherforheavenProfoundloveandrespectforman,andafirmbeliefinman’spoweroverdestiny2.ThishumanistloveofmanmakesHamletturntothosearoundhim(hisfather,Ophelia)withthesamesincereeagerness.Helovesgoodandhatesevil.Heshowsacontemptforrankandwealth.Akingandbeggarareallonetohim.Hisdemocratictendencyisbasedonhishumanistthought.3.Manofsuperbintelligence,acloseobserverofmenandmanners,heeasilyseesthroughpeople.Hecouldpenetratebelowthesurfaceofthings.Heisforever.WhoisHamlet?5unmaskingtheworld.Hediscovershowwickedandunjusttheworldhelivesinis.Hisobservationofhisworldissummedupinabittersentence:“Denmarkisaprison.”Hamletisnotamerescholar,simplymeditativebynature.Onthecontrary,Hamletisamanofgenius,highlyaccomplishedandeducated,amanofprofoundperceptionandsparklingwit.Heisascholar,soldierandstatesmanallcombined.HisimagereflectstheversatilityofthemenoftheRenaissance.unmaskingtheworld.Hediscov6Hamlet’smelancholyistheresultofhispenetratingmind.AnexplanationofHamlet’shesitation:Hamletgivesareason.Ifhekillsthevillainnow,hewouldsendhissoultoheaven;andhewouldratherkillhissoul.Realreason:Actuallyheisshrinkingfromhisresponsibilityofpremeditatedkillingofakinganditspoliticalresult,becauseatthattimetheabruptdeathoftheKingmightcausepanictothepeopleanddangertothestate.Sowhatheconsidersnowisnolongerhispersonalwrongbutthefateofhiscountry.AFreudianexplanation:OedipuscomplexHamlet’smelancholyistheres7sonnet18賞析教學講解課件8sonnet18賞析教學講解課件9Quotations:1)Hamlet,III:1

Tobe,ornottobe:thatisthequestion.

2)

All'sWellThatEndsWell,I:2

Loveall,trustafew,dowrongtonone.

3)

TwelfthNight,II:5

Benotafraidofgreatness.Someareborngreat,someachievegreatness,andsomehavegreatnessthrustupon'em.

Quotations:10

4)

MerchantofVenice,III:1

Ifyouprickusdowenotbleed?Ifyoutickleusdowenotlaugh?Ifyoupoisonusdowenotdie?Andifyouwrongus,shallwenotrevenge?

5)AsYouLikeIt,II,viiAlltheworld'sastage,andallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers:theyhavetheirexitsandtheirentrances;andonemaninhistimeplaysmanyparts,hisactsbeingsevenages.6)Itisawisefatherthatknowshisownchild.7)Neitheraborrowernoralenderbe;Forloanoftlosesbothitselfandfriend,Andborrowingdullstheedgeofhusbandry../quotes/quotes/w/williamsha166828.html

4)

MerchantofVenice,III:1

118)MACBETHOut,out,briefcandle!

Life'sbutawalkingshadow,apoorplayer

Thatstrutsandfretshishouruponthestage

Andthenisheardnomore:itisatale

Toldbyanidiot,fullofsoundandfury,

Signifyingnothing.

sonnet18賞析教學講解課件12TheTragedyofHamlet,PrinceofDenmark

HamletisregardedasShakespeare’smostpopularandgreatestplayonthestage.Hamletisalsoconsideredthesummitofshakespearesart.Thestorycomesfromanolddanishlegend..

TheTragedyofHamlet,Prince13Thestory

TheactionoftheplayislaidinDenmark.Gertrude,queenofDenmark,widowedbythesuddendeathoftheking,withintwomonthsmarriesthelatekingsbrotherClaudiuswhothunbecomesthenewking.

Princehamlet,sonofthelakeking,returnshomefromtheuniversityofWittenberg.hesuspectsfoulplayonthepartofClaudius,hisuncle.ThenhisfathersghostappearstohimatthecastleofElsinor,andconfirmshamletssuspicion.Heundertakestoavengethemurder.TodullClaudiussvigilance,hamletpretendstohavegonemad.However,hismadnessistakenbyPolonius,anoldcourtier,tobeanemotionaldisturbanceduetohispassionforOphilia,daughterofPolonius.

Thestory

Theactionofthe14Atthismoment,acompanyofplayersvisitsthecastle,andhamlethasaplayacted,whichresemblesthelatekingsmurder.Claudiusisdeeplydisturbedbytheperformanceandleavesthehallbeforetheplayisfinished.Hamletissummonedbyhismother,whotellshimthathehasoffendedtheking.HamletrevealsClaudiussbasenessandexpresseshisindignationatherhastymarriage.Thenhamletbecomesawarethatheisbeingoverheardintheconversation.ThinkingitisClaudiusthatisinhiding,herunshisswordthroughthearrasbutfindstheeavedropperthuskilledtobePolonius.

Atthismoment,acompanyofp15Togetrideofhamlet,claudiussendhimtoenglandandsendsassasinstokillhimonthevoyage.Buthamletsucceedsincomingoutofitaliveandreturnstodenmarkagain.

Heart-brokenatthedeathofherfather,pooropheliagoesmadandthenisdrownedinastream.Hamletreturnsjustatthetimeofopheliasfuneral.Inthegrave-yardhehasaquarrelwithlaertes,opheliasbrother.

Togetrideofhamlet,claudiu16

Latertesvowstoavengethedeathofhissisterandfather.Withhimclaudiusarrangesthatlaertesistochallengehamlettoafriendlyduelandkillhimwithapoisonedrapier.Intheswordplay,laerteswoundshamletbutishimselfstruckwiththesamepoisonedrapierbyhamlet.Beforedeath,laertesrevealstheplottohamlet.Thequeen,atthismoment,hasdrunkfromapoisonedcupintendedforhamlet.Hamletthen,inapassion,stabsclaudius.Thequeendies,claudiusdies,laertesdies,hamletdies.Andhamletsbodyisborneoffwithmilitaryceremonial,byfortinbrashissuccessor.Therestissilence.

Latertesvowstoavengethed17

Thetragicalhistoryofhamlet,princeofdenmark(1601)《丹麥王子哈姆雷特的悲劇故事》是根據(jù)13世紀初丹麥歷史學家saxogrammaticus的記載，敘述丹麥王子哈姆雷特替父親報仇，殺死他的篡奪王位的叔父的故事。莎士比亞在劇本中改造了丹麥的歷史故事，改造了故事中主人公的性格，創(chuàng)造了哈姆雷特這個復雜深刻的人物。通過這個人物和他周圍環(huán)境之間的沖突，莎士比亞反映了文藝復興時期人文主義思想家的理想與資本主義原始積累時期社會現(xiàn)實之間的無法調和的矛盾。劇本中所描述的中世紀的丹麥實際上就是指的16、17世紀的英國，丹麥王子哈姆雷特實際上就是文藝復興時期英國社會進步青年的代表。對于這些青年來說，當時英國的政治、英國的社會真是太黑暗了。難怪哈姆雷特說：丹麥是一所監(jiān)獄，丹麥是一間最壞的囚室。

Thetragicalhistoryofhamle18Hamlet’ssoliloquyForsuchafigureasHamlet,soliloquyisanaturalmedium,anecessaryreleaseofhisanguish;andsomeofhisquestioningmonologuespossesssurpassingpowerandinsight,whichhavesurvivedcenturiesofbeingtornfromtheircontext.Themostfamoussoliloquyisperhaps“tobeornottobe”inActIII,SceneI,Hamlet.Hamlet’ssoliloquyForsuchaf19SoliloquySoliloquy:1.anutteranceordiscoursebyapersonwhoistalkingtohimself/herselforisdisregardfuloforoblivioustoanyhearerspresent(oftenusedasadeviceinadramatodiscloseacharacter’sinnermostthoughts);2.theactoftalkingwhileorasifaloneSoliloquy:ormonologue,adramaticorliteraryformofdiscourseinwhichacharacterrevealshisorherthoughtswhenaloneorunawareofthepresenceofothercharacters.SoliloquySoliloquy:1.anutte20TheformofsoliloquySoliloquyisoftenusedinBlankverse(無韻詩，素體詩).Blankverseconsistsoffivefeet(tensyllables)iniambic（抑揚格）pentameter（五音步詩行）withoutendrhyme.ThisformhasgenerallybeenacceptedasthatbestadaptedtodramaticverseinEnglishandiscommonlyusedforlongpoemswhetherdramatic,philosophic,ornarrative.TheformofsoliloquySoliloquy21Soliloquy’sfunction1.togivefreeandcompleteexpressiontoacomplicatedstateofmindandfeelingofacharacter2.toprovideapointofviewontheeventsoftheplay.Soliloquy’sfunction1.togive22哈姆雷特的著名獨白探索生和死的問題，指出思想和行動之間的矛盾。這段獨白并不是說明哈姆雷特想借自殺來逃避替父報仇的責任，而是表達了人文主義思想家對生死問題的思考。在這段獨白之前，哈姆雷特已和演員們約好當天夜間在宮中上演一出小戲，特請國王和王后觀賞。他叫演員們演的戲很象他叔父謀害他父親、娶他母親的內容，目的在于觀察他叔父對這出戲的反應，用以證實鬼魂所說關于謀殺的罪行。若經(jīng)證明他叔父果然是兇手，那么他就要立刻采取行動替父報仇。他焦急地等待著夜晚的來臨，以便進行這個關鍵性的試驗。在這段無事可作的等待期間，他心情更加沉重了。他想到死是一條出路，但是他并未下決心自殺。哈姆雷特的著名獨白探索生和死的問題，指出思想和行動之間的矛盾23他權衡著生和死的得失；他想到每個人都掌握著自己的生死命運。拚一死去和罪惡社會作戰(zhàn)呢？還是消極地忍受世間的不平和痛苦？在這里哈姆雷特歷數(shù)英國社會上不平等、非正義的現(xiàn)象。他考慮到拿起武器和罪惡社會作斗爭，采取行動替父親報仇，都可能要付出生命作為代價，因此他想到生存和死亡的問題。死亡可以結束一切塵世間的痛苦，何樂而不為？但是死亡究竟是個謎，死后可能還有來生，來生可能有更多、更可怕的痛苦在等待著我們，如同睡眠中有惡夢一般。由于這個顧慮，人們寧愿忍受漫長的、痛苦的一生，而不肯輕易用一柄小小的刀子來結束自己的生命。因此，顧慮使我們成為懦夫。哈姆雷特從生死問題轉而思索思想和行動之間的關系。思想是指導行動的，但是想得太多卻令人躊躇不前，誤了大事。這是哈姆雷特對自己的警告。他權衡著生和死的得失；他想到每個人都掌握著自己的生死命運。拚24文藝復興時期的人文主義者，既是思想家，又是行動家。在這段獨白里，哈姆雷特決不是在宣傳自殺。相反，他所主張的是拿起武器和罪惡社會戰(zhàn)斗，是思想必須付諸行動。這正是文藝復興時期人文主義思想家所極力主張的。

文藝復興時期的人文主義者，既是思想家，又是行動家。在這段獨白25Thatisaquestionwhethertoliveoninthisworldortodie,thatis,totakeactionortodonothing.Thatisaquestionwhetherto26TobeornottobeTobe,ornottobe:thatisthequestion:

Whether‘tis([詩]itis)noblerinthemindtosuffer

Theslings&arrowsofoutrageousfortune,

Ortotakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles,

Andbyopposingendthem?生存還是毀滅，這是一個值得考慮的問題；默然忍受命運的暴虐的毒箭，或是挺身反抗人世的無涯的苦難，通過斗爭把它們掃清，這兩種行為，哪一種更高貴？TobeornottobeTobe,orno27“Tobeornottobe”isthekeysentenceinthissoliloquy.“Tobe”istocontinuetolive,ortotakeaction.“nottobe”istodie,ortodonothingbutsuffering,toendone’slifebyself-destruction.Itisadilemmaoftryingtodeterminethemeaningoflifeanddeath.Isitnoblertosufferthelifepassivelyortodie(seektoendone’ssufferings)actively?“Tobeornottobe”istheke28Todie:tosleep;

Nomore;andbyasleeptosayweend

Theheart-acheandthethousandnaturalshocks

Thatfleshisheirto,'tisaconsummation

Devoutlytobewish'd.死了；睡著了；什么都完了；要是在這一種睡眠之中，我們心頭的創(chuàng)痛，以及其他無數(shù)血肉之軀所不能避免的打擊，都可以從此消失，那正是我們求之不得的結局。Todie:tosleep.Itisametaphor.Hamletspokeofsuicideasanescape.Hisspeechhasbecomeproverbialasanoutpouringofutterworld-weariness.

Todie:tosleep;

Nomore;an29Todie,tosleep;

Tosleep:perchancetodream:ay,there'stherub;

Forinthatsleepofdeathwhatdreamsmaycome

Whenwehaveshuffledoffthismortalcoil,

Mustgiveuspause.死了；睡著了；睡著了也許還會做夢；嗯，阻礙就在這兒：因為當我們擺脫了這一具朽腐的皮囊以后，在那死的睡眠里，究竟將要做些什么夢，那不能不使我們躊躇顧慮。Whyisit“therub”?Whatmakesuspause?Hamletthinksthatsuicideisadesirableactionofescaping,butwhatwillhappenafterdying?Italludestohesitationforsleeping/dyingbecauseHamletrealizesthatunknowndreamswillmakeusterrified.Todie,tosleep;

Tosleep:p30There'stherespect

Thatmakescalamityofsolonglife;

Forwhowouldbearthewhipsandscornsoftime,

Theoppressor'swrong,theproudman'scontumely,

Thepangsofdespisedlove,thelaw'sdelay,

Theinsolenceofofficeandthespurns

Thatpatientmeritoftheunworthytakes,

Whenhehimselfmighthisquietusmake

Withabarebodkin?人們甘心久困于患難之中，也就是為了這個緣故；誰愿意忍受人世的鞭撻和譏嘲、壓迫者的凌辱、傲慢者的冷眼、被輕蔑的愛情的慘痛、法律的遷延、官吏的橫暴和費盡辛勤所換來的小人的鄙視，要是他只要用一柄小小的刀子，就可以清算他自己的一生？ThisspeechconfirmsHamlet’ssuspicionofafterlife.Peoplewouldrathersufferlife-longmiseriesthantosleeptoundergotheunknowndreams.Becausecomparativelythelatterismorefearful.There'stherespect

Thatmake31whowouldfardelsbear,

Togruntandsweatunderawearylife,

Butthatthedreadofsomethingafterdeath,

Theundiscover'dcountryfromwhosebourn

Notravellerreturns,puzzlesthewill

Andmakesusratherbearthoseillswehave

Thanflytoothersthatweknownotof?誰愿意負著這樣的重擔，在煩勞的生命的壓迫下呻吟流汗，倘不是因為懼怕不可知的死后，懼怕那從來不曾有一個旅人回來過的神秘之國，是它迷惑了我們的意志，使我們寧愿忍受目前的磨折，不敢向我們所不知道的痛苦飛去？Tobeismoredifficultandfearfulthannottobe.ThespeechindirectlygivesHamletareasonwhyhehasalwaysbeenhesitatingfortakingrevenge.Hamlethastoliveasuspectedlifebetweenfactandfiction,languageandaction.Itishisspeculationandvulnerabilityaswell.whowouldfardelsbear,

Togr32Thusconsciencedoesmakecowardsofusall;

Andthusthenativehueofresolution

Issickliedo'erwiththepalecastofthought,

Andenterprisesofgreatpitchandmoment

Withthisregardtheircurrentsturnawry,

Andlosethenameofaction.這樣，重重的顧慮使我們全變成了懦夫，決心的赤熱的光彩，被審慎的思維蓋上了一層灰色，偉大的事業(yè)在這一種考慮之下，也會逆流而退，失去了行動的意義。Hamletthusconcludesthatthedreadoftheafterlifeleadstoexcessivemoralsensitivitythatmakesactionimpossible.Thusconsciencedoesmakecowa33--Softyounow!

ThefairOphelia!Nymph,inthy(your)orisons

Beallmysinsremember'd.且慢！美麗的奧菲利婭！——女神，在你的祈禱之中，不要忘記替我懺悔我的罪孽。--Softyounow!

ThefairOphe34Hamlet’sthemeTakingofrevenge.Therevengingthemeisinterrelatedwiththemesoffaithlessness,loveandambition.ContrastisanimportantstructuralprincipleinHamlet.Thesuspicionbetweenfactandfiction,languageandaction.Procrastination.Hamlet’sthemeTakingofreveng35

Notesonthesoliloquy

Lineornottobe:toendoneslifebyself-destruction.Hamlethasalreadyspokenofsuicideasameansofescape,andhedwellsonitinalaterpartofthisveryspeech,giving,however,adifferentreasonforrefraining.Thewholedriftofthespeechshowshisbeliefinafuturelife.

Practicallythewholeofhamletsspeechhasbecomeproverbialasanoutpouringofutterworldweariness.Ofcourse,muchoftheimageryisnotpeculiartoshakespeareoranywriter,e.G.,thelikeningofdeathtostartingonalongjourney.

Slings:i.E.Missingsthrownbyslings

Takearmsagainstaseaoftroubles:totakeuparmsandrushuponthewavesoftheseawasacustomattributedbyseveralclassicalwriterstothecelts.Thetroublesarepicturedasadvancinglikesomeoverwhelmingtide.

Nomore:justthat,onlythat,i.E.Fallingonsleep

Notesonthesoliloquy

Line36

Consummation:acompletionofoneslife,acrowningandfittingend

Whatdreams:i.E.Thethoughtofwhatdreamsmaycome

Mortalcoil:turmoilofmortality,confusedtroubleofmortallife

Respect:consideration=regard

Ofsolonglife:solong-lived

Consummation:acompletiono37

Time:thetimes,theworld,onescontemporaries

Mighthisquietusmake:mightgivehimselfhisreleasefromlifestroubles

Thought:anxiety

Andlosethenameofaction:evenasarivermayloseitselfinasandywasteandsoafteritslongcourseneverreachthesea:wonderfulsymbol,indeed,offrustrationandfailure

Time:thetimes,theworld,o38SomenotionsUnrhymed:withoutendrhyme,havingnoregularcorrespondenceofsoundsattheendsoflines.iambus:ametrical（詩的格律的，韻律的）footconsistingofanunstressedsyllable（音節(jié)）(-)followedbyastressedsyllable(\),e.g.:begin(-\).Apentametermeansalineofverseconsistingoffivemetricalfeet.Afootis(usually)twoorthreesyllablesthatcontainonestrongstress.SomenotionsUnrhymed:without39IambicPentameter-\-\-\\-

-\-Tobe,|ornot|tobe:|

thatis

|thequestion:

\-

-\-\-\-\-

Whether

|'tisnob|lerin|themind|tosufferIambicPentameter-\-40SonnetSequenceHepublished154sonnetsin1609.14linesTheShakespeareanSonnetorEnglishsonnet,contains3quatrainsandacouplet(ababcdcdefefgg)Shakespearedidn’tinvent(WyattandSurreydid),butwasmostpopularuseroftheformUsually3quatrainssetuptheproblem,coupletoffersthesolutionTomasWyattwasthefirsttointroducethesonnetintoEnglishliterature.SonamedbecauseShakespearewasitsgreatestpractioner.Thisformisadoptedbymanywritersattheendofthe16thcentury.AnumberofthemesSonnetSequenceHepublished1541Sonnet:Sonnet:afourteen-linepoemwithcomplexrhymeschemeandstructure.AShakespeariansonnethasfourteenlinesofiambicpentameters,avariablerhymescheme,andisdividedintothreequatrains(afourlinestanza)withaconcludingcoupletthatusuallyexpressthethemeoftheSonnet.AShakespeariansonnet—afourteen-linepoemofiambicpentameters.Thisformismadeupof3quatrainsandacouplet,rhymingababcdcdefefgg.

Sonnet:Sonnet:afourteen-line42ASpenseriansonnethastherhymeschemeababbcbccdcdeeandnobreakbetweentheoctave(aneightlinestanza)andthesestet(asixlinestanza).ItisnamedaftertheElizabethanpoetEdmundSpenser.ASpenseriansonnethastherh43十四行詩起源于13世紀的意大利，16世紀上半葉由英國詩人薩利和魏阿特引入英國，風靡一時。莎士比亞的十四行詩早在1960年前發(fā)表就以手抄本的形式流傳民間，其主題思想以歌頌愛情與友誼為主。這些詩共154首，分為三組。第一組（1～126首）寫給一位青年男子，詩人告誡他要早些結婚，生兒育女;第二組（127～152）描寫一位姿色不佳的“黑膚女郎”（darklady），詩人對他的態(tài)度是毫不掩飾的情欲；第三組（153～154）與前兩組毫無關系，好像是同一首詩寫了兩遍。在韻腳上，莎士比亞創(chuàng)作了自己的詩韻，即有名的莎士比亞十四行詩韻：abab,cdcd,efef,gg。十四行詩起源于13世紀的意大利，16世紀上半葉由英國詩人薩利44Sonnet18

第一十八首

ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:Roughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsof

May,Andsummer'sleasehathalltooshortadate:Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed,

Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,Bychance,ornature'schangingcourseuntrimmed:Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow'st,Norshalldeathbragthouwander'stinhisshade,Whenineternallinestotimethougrow'st,

Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.我怎樣能把你比做夏天？

你比它更可愛也更溫和：

五月的嬌蕾有暴風震顛，

夏季的壽命很短就度過。

有時候當空照耀著烈日，

又往往它的光采轉陰淡；

凡是美艷終把美艷消失，

遭受運數(shù)和時序的摧殘。

你永恒的夏季永不凋零，

而且長把你的美艷保存；

死神難夸你踏它的幽影，

只因永恒的詩和你同春。

天地間能有人鑒賞文采，

詩就流傳就教你永在

——錄自王佐良主編《英國詩選》P70－71，上海譯文出版社1988年版。Sonnet18第一十八首

ShallIcompa45RhymeSchemeofSonnet18Quatrain1

A

ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sDAY?

B

ThouartmorelovelyandmoretemperATE:

A

RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMAY,,

B

Andsummer'sleasehathalltooshortaDATE:

Quatrain2

C

SometimetoohottheeyeofheavenSHINES,.

D

AndoftenishisgoldcomplexionDIMM'D;.

C

AndeveryfairfromfairsometimedeCLINES,

D

Bychanceornature'schangingcourseunTRIMM'D;.

Quatrain3

E

ButthyeternalsummershallnotFADE,

F

NorlosepossessionofthatfairthouOWEST;.

E

NorshallDeathbragthouwander'stinhisSHADE,

F

WhenineternallinestotimethouGROWEST:.Couplet

G

SolongasmencanbreatheoreyescanSEE,

G

SolonglivesthisandthisgiveslifetoTHEE.

RhymeSchemeofSonnet18Quatr46you

ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?

Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:

RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,

Andsummer'sleasehathalltooshortadate:

我怎么能夠把你來比作夏天？

你不獨比它可愛也比它溫婉：

狂風把五月寵愛的嫩蕊作踐，

夏天出賃的期限又未免太短：Extravagantpraisecomparesasummerdayaslesslovelyandconstantasthebeloved.IfIcomparedyoutoasummerday,/I'dhavetosayyouaremorebeautifulandserene:/Bycomparison,summerisroughonbuddinglife,/Anddoesn'tlastlongeither:youYouaregentlecharming;pleasingduration,timeallottedhasalimitedperiodoftimestrongwindslovelyyou ShallIcomparetheetoa47Quatrain2Thesunissometimestoohotinsummeroroccasionallyshaded.Everybeautifulthingbecomeslessbeautifulthroughchanceortime.

Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,Andoftenishisgoldcomplexion

dimmed,Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,Bychance,ornature'schangingcourseuntrimmed:

天上的眼睛有時照得太酷烈，

它那炳耀的金顏又常遭掩蔽：

被機緣或無常的天道所摧折，

沒有芳艷不終于雕殘或銷毀。thesunnaturalcolorandappearanceoftheskinofthefacenotbrighteverybeautifulthingorpersonfrombeautystrippedofbeautyUntrimmedbychance,ornature’schangingcoursefortuneQuatrain2Thesunissometimes48Attimesthesummersunistoohot,/Andatothertimescloudsdimitsbrilliance;/Everythingfairinnaturebecomeslessfairfromtimetotime,/Noonecanchange[trim]natureorchance;Attimesthesummersunistoo49Quatrain3Transitioninthesestettocounterthatthebeloved'sbeautywillnotfadeordiebecauseofthepoem.

Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,

Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow'st,

Norshalldeathbragthouwander'stinhisshade,

Whenineternallinestotimethougrow'st,

但是你的長夏永遠不會雕落，

也不會損失你這皎潔的紅芳，

或死神夸口你在他影里漂泊，

當你在不朽的詩里與時同長。However,youyourselfwillnotfade,/Norloseownershipofyourfairness;/Notevendeathwillclaimyou,/BecausetheselinesIwritewillimmortalizeyou:existingforeverlosecolor,freshnessorvigorowestownboastwanderthougrow’sttotimegrow—growestQuatrain3Transitioninthese50Sonnet18Couplet:Thepoemwillbereadaslongasmanlivesandthebelovedwillliveon.

Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,

Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.

只要一天有人類，或人有眼睛，

這詩將長存，并且賜給你生命。

Yourbeautywilllastaslongasmenbreatheandsee,/AsLongasthissonnetlivesandgivesyoulifethispoemSonnet18Couplet:Thepoemwil51AnalysisofSonnets18and29Summaryof18Thespeakeropensthepoemwithaquestionaddressedtothebeloved:"ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?"Thenextelevenlinesaredevotedtosuchacomparison.Inline2,thespeakerstipulateswhatmainlydifferentiatestheyoungmanfromthesummer'sday:heis"morelovelyandmoretemperate.“Summer'sdaystendtowardextremes:theyareshakenby"roughwinds";inthem,thesun("theeyeofheaven")oftenshines"toohot,"ortoodim.Andsummerisfleeting:itsdateistooshort,anditleadstothewitheringofautumn,as"everyfairfromfairsometimedeclines."Thefinalquatrainofthesonnettellshowthebeloveddiffersfromthesummerinthatrespect:hisbeautywilllastforever("Thyeternalsummershallnotfade...")andneverdie.Inthecouplet,thespeakerexplainshowthebeloved'sbeautywillaccomplishthisfeat,andnotperishbecauseitispreservedinthepoem,whichwilllastforever;itwilllive"aslongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee."AnalysisofSonnets18and29S52Commentaryof18ThissonnetiscertainlythemostfamousinthesequenceofShakespeare'ssonnets;itmaybethemostfamouslyricpoeminEnglish.AmongShakespeare'sworks,onlylinessuchas"Tobeornottobe"and"Romeo,Romeo,whereforeartthouRomeo?"arebetter-known.Thisisnottosaythatitisatallthebestormostinterestingormostbeautifulofthesonnets;butthesimplicityandlovelinessofitspraiseofthebelovedhasguaranteeditsplace.Commentaryof1853Onthesurface,thepoemissimplyastatementofpraiseaboutthebeautyofthebeloved;summertendstounpleasantextremesofwindinessandheat,butthebelovedisalwaysmildandtemperate.Summerisincidentallypersonifiedasthe"eyeofheaven"withits"goldcomplexion";theimagerythroughoutissimpleandunaffected,withthe"darlingbudsofMay"givingwaytothe"eternalsummer",whichthespeakerpromisesthebeloved.Thelanguage,too,iscomparativelyunadornedforthesonnets;itisnotheavywithalliterationorassonance,andnearlyeverylineisitsownself-containedclause--almosteverylineendswithsomepunctuation,whicheffectsapause.Onthesurface,thepoemissi54Sonnet18isthefirstpoeminthesonnetsnottoexplicitlyencouragetheyoungmantohavechildren.The"procreation"sequenceofthefirst17sonnetsendedwiththespeaker'srealizationthattheyoungmanmightnotneedchildrentopreservehisbeauty;hecouldalsolive,thespeakerwritesattheendofSonnet17,"inmyrhyme."Sonnet18,then,isthefirst"rhyme"--thespeaker'sfirstattempttopreservetheyoungman'sbeautyforalltime.Animportantthemeofthesonnet(asitisanimportantthemethroughoutmuchofthesequence)isthepowerofthespeaker'spoemtodefytimeandlastforever,carryingthebeautyofthebeloveddowntofuturegenerations.Thebeloved's"eternalsummer"shallnotfadepreciselybecauseitisembodiedinthesonnet:"Solongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee,"thespeakerwritesinthecouplet,"Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee."Sonnet18isthefirstpoemin55Analysisof29Sonnet29showsusthepoetathismostinsecureandtroubled.Hefeelshimselfunlucky,disgraced,andjealousofthosearoundhim.Whatiscausingthepoet'sanguishonecanonlyguess,butanexaminationofthecircumstancessurroundinghislifeatthetimehewrotesonnet29couldhelpustounderstandhisdepression.In1592,theLondontheatresclosedduetoasevereoutbreakoftheplague.AlthoughitispossiblethatShakespearetouredtheoutlyingareasofLondonwithactingcompanieslikePembroke'sMenorLordStrange'sMen,itseemsmorelikelythatheleftthetheatreentirelyduringthistime,possiblytoworkonhisnon-dramaticpoetry.TheclosingoftheplayhousesmadeithardforShakespeareandotheractorsofthedaytoearnaliving.Withplagueandpovertythreateninghislife,itisonlynaturalthathefelt"indisgracewithfortune".Analysisof29Sonnet29shows56Moreover,in1592therecameascathingattackonShakespearebydramatistRobertGreene,whowroteinadeathbeddiary:"Thereisanupstartcrow,beautifiedwithourfeathers,thatwithhisTygersheartwraptinaPlayershidesupposesheisaswellabletobombastoutablankverseasthebestofyou;and,beinganabsoluteJohannesFactotum,isinhisownconceittheonlyShake-sceneinacountry."Shakespearewasdeeplydisturbedbythisassault,feelingdisgracedin"men'seyes"aswellasfortune's.Thepoetissoforlornthateventhepassionforhisprofessionasanactorseemstohavedied(8).Butthesonnetendswithapositiveaffirmationthatallisnotlost--thatthepoet'sdearfriendcancompensateforthegriefhefeels.Moreover,in1592therecamea57LiteraryDevicesinSonnet18Rhetoricalquestioning:the1stline,usedtocreateatoneofrespect,andtoengagetheaudience.Personification:line5,6andline11,usedtoelevatethesunanddeath.Parallelism:thefinalcouplet,usedtoemphasizethemessage:thebeautyofthesubjectwillbeimmortalizedbythepowerofhisartLiteraryDevicesinSonnet18R58I