Lesson-10-A-More-Perfec教學(xué)講解課件

AdvancedEnglish《高級(jí)英語(yǔ)》（第三版）第一冊(cè)主編：張漢熙外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社1AdvancedEnglish1Lesson10

“AMorePerfectUnion”(PartII)

byBarackObama2Lesson10

“AMorePerfectUnioTeachingPointsI.BackgroundinformationII.

LanguagepointsIII.TextanalysisIV.Questionsfordiscussion3TeachingPointsI.BackgroundiI.BackgroundInformationJimCrow(Para.27)Brownv.BoardofEducation(Para.28)TheO.J.trial(Para.44)4I.BackgroundInformationJimC1.JimCrow(Para.27)TheJimCrowlawswerestateandlocallawsintheUnitedStatesenactedbetween1876and1965.Theymandateddejure

racialsegregationinallpublicfacilitiesinSouthernstatesoftheformerConfederacy,withasupposedly"separatebutequal"statusforblackAmericans.51.JimCrow(Para.27)The66Theseparationledtotreatment,financialsupportandaccommodationsthatwereusuallyinferiortothoseprovidedforwhiteAmericans,systematizinganumberofeconomic,educationalandsocialdisadvantages.DejuresegregationmainlyappliedtotheSouthernUnitedStates.Northernsegregationwasgenerallydefacto,withpatternsofsegregationinhousingenforcedbycovenants,banklendingpractices,andjobdiscrimination,includingdiscriminatoryunionpracticesfordecades.7TheseparationledtotrSomeexamplesofJimCrowlawsarethesegregationofpublicschools,publicplaces,andpublictransportation,andthesegregationofrestrooms,restaurants,anddrinkingfountainsforwhitesandblacks.TheU.S.militarywasalsosegregated.8SomeexamplesofJimCroTheseJimCrowLawswereseparatefromthe1800–1866BlackCodes,whichhadpreviouslyrestrictedthecivilrightsandcivillibertiesofAfricanAmericans.State-sponsoredschoolsegregationwasdeclaredunconstitutionalbytheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStatesin1954inBrownv.BoardofEducation.Generally,theremainingJimCrowlawswereoverruledbytheCivilRightsActof1964andtheVotingRightsActof1965.9TheseJimCrowLawswereEtymologyThephrase"JimCrowLaw"firstappearedin1904accordingtotheDictionaryofAmericanEnglish,althoughthereissomeevidenceofearlierusage.Theoriginofthephrase"JimCrow"hasoftenbeenattributedto"JumpJimCrow",asong-and-dancecaricatureofblacksperformedbywhiteactorThomasD.Riceinblackface,whichfirstsurfacedin1832andwasusedtosatirizeAndrewJackson'spopulistpolicies.AsaresultofRice'sfame,"JimCrow"hadbecomeapejorativeexpressionmeaning"Negro"by1838andwhenthelawsofracialsegregation–directedagainstblacks–wereenactedattheendofthe19thcenturytheybecameknownasJimCrowlaws.10EtymologyThephrase"Jim111112122.Brownv.BoardofEducation(Para.28)Brownv.BoardofEducationofTopekawasalandmarkdecisionoftheUnitedStatesSupremeCourtthatdeclaredstatelawsestablishingseparatepublicschoolsforblackandwhitestudentsunconstitutional.ThedecisionoverturnedthePlessyv.Fergusondecisionof1896whichallowedstate-sponsoredsegregation.132.Brownv.BoardofEducation

HandeddownonMay17,1954,theWarrenCourt'sunanimous(9–0)decisionstatedthat"separateeducationalfacilitiesareinherentlyunequal."Asaresult,dejureracialsegregationwasruledaviolationoftheEqualProtectionClauseoftheFourteenthAmendmentoftheUnitedStatesConstitution.Thisrulingpavedthewayforintegrationandthecivilrightsmovement.14HandeddownonMay17,115153.TheO.J.trial(Para.44)TheO.J.Simpsonmurdercase(officiallycalledthePeopleoftheStateofCaliforniav.OrenthalJamesSimpson)wasacriminaltrialheldinLosAngelesCounty,CaliforniaSuperiorCourtthatspannedfromtheprimaryjurybeingsworninonNovember3,1994toopeningstatementsonJanuary24,1995toaverdictonOctober3,1995.163.TheO.J.trial(Para.44)FormerAmericanfootballstarandactorO.J.SimpsonwastriedontwocountsofmurderfollowingtheJune1994deathsofhisex-wifeNicoleBrownSimpsonandherfriendRonaldGoldman.ThecasehasbeendescribedasthemostpublicizedcriminaltrialinAmericanhistory.Ultimately,SimpsonwasacquittedafteralengthytrialthatlastedoverninemonthswhichwaspresidedoverbyJudgeLanceIto.17FormerAmericanfootballSimpsonhiredahigh-profiledefenseteaminitiallyledbyRobertShapiroandsubsequentlyledbyJohnnieCochran.LosAngelesCountybelievedithadasolidprosecutioncase,butCochranwasabletopersuadethejurorsthattherewasreasonabledoubtabouttheDNAevidence(thenarelativelynewtypeofevidenceintrials)–includingthattheblood-sampleevidencehadallegedlybeenmishandledbylabscientistsandtechnicians–andaboutthecircumstancessurroundingotherexhibits.18Simpsonhiredahigh-profCochranandthedefenseteamalsoallegedothermisconductbytheLosAngelesPoliceDepartment.Simpson'scelebrityandthelengthytelevisedtrialrivetednationalattentionontheso-called"TrialoftheCentury".Bytheendofthecriminaltrial,nationalsurveysshoweddramaticdifferencesbetweenmostblacksandmostwhitesintermsoftheirassessmentofSimpson'sguilt.19CochranandthedefensetLater,boththeBrownandGoldmanfamiliessuedSimpsonfordamagesinaciviltrial.OnFebruary6,1997,ajuryunanimouslyfoundtherewasapreponderanceofevidencetoholdSimpsonliablefordamagesinthewrongfuldeathofGoldmanandbatteryofBrown.OnFebruary21,2008,aLosAngelescourtupheldarenewaloftheciviljudgmentagainsthim.20Later,boththeBrownandII.Languagepoints1.AsWilliamFaulkneroncewrote,“Thepastisn’tdeadandburied.Infact,itisn’tevenpast.”(para.27)1)Theideaisplayedonthechangeofthepartofspeechoftheword“past”.Thefirst“past”isanounmeaning“whathashappened.”Thesecondisanadjective,meaning“ended”,“over”.2)Theinfluenceofwhathappenedinprevioustimeshasnotdisappeared.Suchinfluencescanstillbeseen.21II.Languagepoints1.AsWilli2.acycleofviolence,blightandneglect(para.30)Indifferencetothemiserableconditionsinurbanblackcommunitiesleadstofrustrationandlossofhopewhichinturncausesviolence,oneleadingtotheotherandgoingroundandround.222.acycleofviolence,blight3.Theycameofage…systematicallyconstricted.(para.31)Theygrewupandbecamematureinthelate1950sandearly1960swhenracialsegregationandracialdiscriminationwerestillstrongandwidespread,andopportunitywasmostlydeniedtoblackyouth.Theygrewupinsuchanatmospherewhichcontributedtotheformingoftheirviewstowardthecountryandthesociety.233.Theycameofage…systemat4.What’sremarkable…whowouldcomeafterthem(para.31)Obamaherecleverlyturnedroundhisargumentandgavethestatementapositivenote.The“not…butrather”structuresucceedsinturningroundtheargument.1)Whatwassoremarkableaboutthesituation?Theremarkablethingwasthatmanyyoungblackmenandwomen,facingsuchstrongsegregationanddiscrimination,werenotdiscouragedanddisheartened.Theystruggledandsurmounteddifficultiesandbecamesuccessful.Theywalkedapathoutofthewilderness.244.What’sremarkable…whowou2)tomakeawayoutofnoway:MarinLutherKingJhespeech“WhereDoWeGoFromHere”deliveredon16August,1967,atAtlanta,Georgiahadthis:“l(fā)etusrememberthatthereis…apowerthatisabletomakeawayoutofnowayandtransformdarkyesterdaysintobrighttomorrows.”TheconceptisabiblicalconceptandObamaisusingthisconcepttoappealtothosewhowerelistening.252)tomakeawayoutof5.Thefactthat…onSundaymorning.(para.33)Whyisthestatementanoldtruism?Theplacewherethewhiteandtheblackaremostsegregatedisthechurch,whenChristianityissupposedtosaythatallpeopleareequalbeforeGod.Evenwhenthechurchesareosthesamedenomination,blackandwhitewouldgotoseparatechurches.265.Thefactthat…onSundaymo6.Thatangerisnotalwaysproductive…tobringaboutrealchange.(para.33)HowdoesObamaviewsuchanger?Whydoeshethinkthisangerisharmfultothemovementforrealchange?Hethinkssuchangerisnotproductiveandpreventsrealchangebecauseitmovesourattentionawayfromconcentrationonsolvingrealproblem,makesusunabletoseeourfaultinthetenseracerelationsandpreventstheblackcommunityfromformingaunitedfrontwiththewhitepeopleinbringingaboutrealchange.276.Thatangerisnotalwayspr7.Buttheangerisreal…betweentheraces.(para.33)Whatisthewrongattitudetowardblackanger?AccordingtoObamathewrongattitudeistothinkitwilldisappearsometimeinthefuturewithoutdoinganythingtosolvetheproblem,ortocriticizesuchanger,sayingitiswrong,withoutunderstandinghowitwasformed.Emptywishingwithoutactionandblindcondemnationarebothwrong,becausetheywillonlymakeexistingmisunderstandingevenstronger.287.Buttheangerisreal…betw8.Paragraphs27–33:Obamaoutlinesthehistoricaldevelopmentofracialdiscriminationandthesufferingsoftheoldergeneration.Thenhepointedoutthattheangerisrealthoughitmaynotbeshownsooften.Oneoftheplacesitisshownisinblackchurchservices,inthesermonsandintheresponseofthecongregations.ObamaisputtingWright’sremarksinabroaderpicture–blackexperience,theblacksituationtodayandthehiddenorsuppressedanger.298.Paragraphs27–33:299.They’veworkedhard…afteralifetimeoflabor.(para.34)Obamaherementionstwocases:Oneisoutsourcingbyacorporation;theotheristhesuddencollapseofacorporation,makingthelossofpensionsorcompanystockinthehandsofworkersworthless.Theseareallacuteconcernofworkersandthemiddleclass.ThisisalsothepositionofCIO(CongressofIndustrialOrganizations)andindependenttradeunionsandthemassbaseforprotectionismintrade.309.They’veworkedhard…aftera10.Buttheyhavehelpedshapethepoliticallandscapeforatleastageneration.(para.35)Bytheendofthe1970s,liberalismhadrunitscourseandpeoplefeltthatitcouldnolongersolvedomesticandforeignpolicyissues.Peoplesblamedthisonaffirmativeactionandonsocialwelfareandtheywereworriedaboutcrimeandrefusedtodiscussracialinequality.Peopledemandedchange.ThisledtotheelectionofReaganandthedominanceofconservatismformorethan25years.Thisisthe“politicallandscape”thatObamarefersto.3110.Buttheyhavehelpedshape11.Politiciansroutinelyexploitedfearsofcrimefortheirownelectoralends.(para.35)Howcouldpoliticianslinkcrimeupwiththeblacks?Sincetheunemploymentrateandschooldropoutswerehigheramongblackyouthandtherewerebiasedmediareportsaboutthecrimerateamongblackyouth,itwouldbeeasyforpoliticianstoputtheblameonblacksandappealtowhitepeoplewithpent-upresentment.3211.Politiciansroutinelyexpl12.Talkshowhosts…orreverseracism(para.35)Talkshowhostsandconservativecommentatorsbecamefamousthroughexposingso-calledincidentsofracismwhichwereinfactnottrue.Theysaidthatreasonablediscussionsofunfairtreatmentofminoritieswerecateringtoexcessivesensibilitytominoritycausesorwereracismagainstthewhites.3312.Talkshowhosts…orrevers13.Justasblackangeroftenprovedcounterproductive…thatfavorthefewoverthemany.(para.36)Theargumentisthatblackangerandwhiteangerarerealandpowerful.Ifpeoplefailtounderstandthecauseofsuchangerandfailtohandlethisangerproperly,misunderstandingwillincreaseandthiswillplayintothehandsofselfish,biasedpoliticians.AccordingtoObama,whataretherealculpritsthatputthemiddleclassinadifficultsituation?Theyarethewrongpracticesofbigcorporations,agovernmentfollowingtheurgeofspecialinterestsandaneconomicpolicywhichfavorstherich.3413.Justasblackangeroften14.Thisiswherewearerightnow.It’saracialstalematewe’vebeenstuckinforyears.(para.37)Thisisasumming-upoftheracialsituationintheU.S.today.Andthissituationhaslastedformanyyear.Theangeroftheblacksandtheresentmentofthewhitesarenotgroundless.Bothgroupshavelegitimateconcerns.Yettheirangerisdirectedtowardthewrongtargets,thushamperingthesolutionoftheissuescausingsuchanger.Neithersidehascometoseedtheproblem.Soaracialdeadlockexists.3514.Thisiswhereweareright15.Paragraph42:Inpara.42,ObamapointsouttothewhitecommunitythatdiscriminationagainstAfrican-Americans,andunjustpractices,doexistandshouldbeaddressed.Butwhitepeopleshouldrealizethatthemeasuresthatshouldbetakenarenotonlyfortheblacks.TheyshouldbeforallAmericans.Whitepeopleshouldseethatblackdreamswouldnotcomeattheexpenseofthedreamsofthewhite.3615.Paragraph42:3616.Paragraph43:Paragraph43isasumming-upparagraph.Frompara39to42ObamaanalyseswhatwaswrongwithWrightandwhattheblackcommunityandthewhitecommunityshoulddotosolvetheraceissue.Theninpara43Obamasumsupbystatingthattheyshouldfindthecommonspirittheyshareandthegovernment’spoliciesmustbebuiltonsuchspirit.Thenhemovesontopointoutthereweretwooptions.3716.Paragraph43:3717.Wecantackleraceonlyasspectacle….Wecanplay….Wecanpounceon….Wecanspeculate….(para.44)WecanhandletheraceissuebymakingitagroundshowasinthetrialofthefamousblackfootballplayerO.J.Simpson,orwhenatragedyrevealsthemiseryoftheblackcommunityasthesituationoftheblackcommunityinNewOrleansafterthecitywashitbyHurricaneKatrina,orsimplysmaterialforthenightlynews.3817.WecantackleraceonlyasHereObamaisactuallycriticizingtheRepublicanstrategyoflinkingObamawithReverendWright’soffensiveremarks,ofinsinuatingthatObamahadcloserelationswithWrightandthereforemightshareWright’sviews.Inthiscase,itwouldbedangeroustoelectObama.WecanjumponsomeremarksmadebysomeHillarysupportersagainstmeandusethistoshowthatHillaryalsotriestoappealtowhitestodefeatmeintheDemocraticcampaign.WecanalsomakeguessesthatwhitepeoplewouldsupportJohnMcCain,notbecausetheysupporthispolicybutbecauseMcCainiswhiteandIamblack.39HereObamaisactuallyc18.Wecandothat.(para.45)Thisisaonesentenceparagraphandashortsentenceparagraph.Thepurposeisasumming-upforemphasis.1)Whatcanwedo?Wecanuseraceasadistractionoracauseofdivision,forelectionpurpose.WecanusetheWrightcaseandplayonitasiftherewerenootherissuepressingforAmericantosolve.2)Whatwillbetheresult,then,ifwedothis?ThisisthequestionimpliedandtheanswerisgiveninParagraph46.4018.Wecandothat.(para.45)19.Thistimewewanttorejectthecynicism…ina21stcenturyeconomy.(para.47)Obamaherrefutestwoerroneousconceptions.Oneistheracistconceptionthatchildrenofcertainminoritygroupsareintellectuallyinferiorandthatisthecauseoftheirhighdropoutrate.Theotheristhatimmigrantchildrenarenotoneof“us,”theyaredifferentandshouldbetreateddifferently.Theseareargumentssupportingracialdiscrimination.ButObamaiscriticizingsuchargumentsinatactfulway.HestressesthechildrenofAmericaarenot“thosekids,”theyare“ourkids.”Inthisway,undertheumbrellaof“childrenofAmerica,”O(jiān)bamabringseveryonetogether.4119.Thistimewewanttorejec20.Notthistime(para.47)Withthesethreewords,Obamaendsthisparagraph.Itechoeswhathesaysatthebeginningofthisparagraphandleadsto“thistime”inthenextparagraph.Itservesasanemphaticendingandasmoothtransition.4220.Notthistime(para.47)4221.Thistime…fornothingmorethanaprofit.(para.49)Obamasaysthatunemploymentisnotcausedbyyourjobbeingtakenbyoneofanotherraceorethnicity.Itistheresultofoutsourcingofcorporations.ThisisawronginterpretationofthecauseofeconomicrecessionintheUnitedStates.Obamaprobablyknewthis.ButthisisnowsomeoftheAmericanworkersviewedtheissue.ThisistheargumentofAmericantradeunions.Inordertopleasethissectionofthevoters,Obamaputitthisway.Thisiselectionpolitics.ButsuchviewaffectsAmericantradepolicy.4321.Thistime…fornothingmor22.Thistime…thebenefitsthattheyhaveearned.(para.50)ObamaisdiscussingtheIraqWarhere.Heconsidersthatthewarshouldneverhavebeenauthorizedandwaged.AtthesametimeheispraisingthesoldiersinIraqanddiscussinghowtobringthemhomeandcareforthemandtheirfamilies.4422.Thistime…thebenefitsthaOnAugust31,2010,PresidentObamaannounced“theAmericancombatmissioninIraqhasended.”Inthespeechhesaid,“TheAmericanswhohaveservedinIraqcompletedeverymissiontheyweregiven.Thedefeatedaregimethathadterrorizeditspeople.TogetherwithIraqandourcoalitionpartnerswhomakehugesacrificesoftheirown,ourtroopsfoughtblockbyblocktohelpIraqseizethechanceforabetterfuture….Becauseofourtroopsandcivilians–andbecauseoftheresilienceoftheIraqipeople–Iraqhastheopportunitytoembraceanewdestiny,eventhoughmanychallengesremain.”AmericancombattroopsleftIraq.Obamacarriedouthispromiseintheelection.Buttheideathatthewarshouldneverhavebeenauthorizedandwagedwasnolongerthere.45OnAugust31,2010,Pre23.Iwouldnotberunning…forthiscountry.(para.51)Obamaputsforwardtwopointshere.Oneisthathebelievesthepeoplewanted“change”–thethemeofhiscampaign.TheotheristhathisrunningforPresidentwasforthepurposeofchangesohewasrepresentingtheinterestsofthepeople.Thisputshimonamoralhighground.4623.Iwouldnotberunning…for24.Thisunion…itcanalwaysbeperfected.(para.51)Theideaisorganizedaroundthedifferentgrammaroftheword“perfect,”thenounandtheverb.Thisisawayofputtingacrosstheideainamorepowerfulway.Thisunionmaynotbecomefaultless,withoutdefect,butgenerationsofAmericanshaveprovedthatitcanbeimprovedandmakebetterandbetter.4724.Thisunion…itcanalwaysb25.Andtoday…h(huán)istoryinthiselection.(para.51)TheyoungpeoplewhowereactiveinObama’scampaignteamencouragedandinspiredObama.Theseyoungactivistsplayedanimportantroleinmobilizingpeople,inreachingouttowaveringvotersthroughdoor-to-doorcalls,throughe-mail,throughblogs.Thiswasabreakthroughandthekeyplayerswereyoungpeople.4825.Andtoday…h(huán)istoryinthis26.Paragraph56:AshleysaidshehelpedorganizeObama’scampaigninFlorence,SouthCarolinabecauseshewantedtohelpmillionsofchildrenwhowantedtohelptheirparentstofightagainstinjustice,tofightforhealthcarereformwhichObamapromisedtodoifhewereelected.4926.Paragraph56:4927.Paragraph57:ThereasonwhyObamathinksAshley’sdecisionwassignificant:ObamathoughtAshley’sdecisionwassignificant,becauseAshleyisawhitegirlwhodoesnotfollowtheviewsofthosewhoputtheblameonethnicminorities.Obamapraisesherforchoosingtoseekoutalliesinherfightagainstinjustice.5027.Paragraph57:5028.Paragraphs58to60:Attheendofpara.58,Obamabringsupracialunity.Inpara59hefurtherpointsoutthatthisrecognitionofcommongoalsandcommonstakesmightnotbringaboutchangebutitisthestartingpoint.TheninthelastparagraphObamabringsthisideaofstartingpointbacktothesigningoftheconstitutiontoshowthatthisis“wheretheperfectionbegins.”Theendingechoesthetitleandthebeginning,makingaperfectcompletion.5128.Paragraphs58to60:51III.Textanalysis1.Genre:Publicspeaking–apoliticalspeechPublicspeakingPublicspeakingisoneofthemostefficientwaystoshowone’spersonality,charm,knowledge,wisdom,influentialpowerandleadingpower,whichisalsothereasonwhysomanypeopleinalmostallwalksofliferegardhighlyofpublicspeech.52III.Textanalysis1.Genre:Publicspeechesarespeechesdeliveredinpublic,includingvariousgenres,suchasopen-classlecturesorseminarsatuniversities,religiouspreachesinachurch,speechesdeliveredbyleadingbodyatameetingorconference,theinauguraladdressbypresident-elect,etc.Obviously,publicspeechessharethecharacteristicsofspokenlanguage.AccordingtoStephenE.Locus(1983),therearemanysimilaritiesbetweenpublicspeechesanddailyconversation;theysharethesamemajorgoals,toreform,topersuadeandtoentertain.53PublicspeechesarespeSimilarly,thespeakermustorganizehisideasandpresentinapersuasivemanner,adjusthismessagetotheaudiences,andadapttothefeedbackfromthelisteners.Despitethesesimilarities,therearecertainlymanydifferencesbetweenpublicspeechesanddailyconversations.Publicspeechismorehighlystructuredandmoreformalthandailyconversation.Thespeaker’stimeisstrictlylimitedandhehastomakedetailedpreparations,distractingmannersandverbalhabitsshouldbeavoidedinpublicspeaking.54Similarly,thespeakermustAlthoughpublicspeechesaredeliveredorally,theyareoftenwell-preparedinwritinganddeliveredonformaloccasions.Sotheyalsosharethevirtuesofwrittenlanguage.Theyareoftenmorepoliteintone,andformalinstyle.Bigandabstractwords,nounphrases,fullsentences,complicatedsentencestructures,parallelismsandrhetoricdevicesareoftenemployedinpublicspeeches.55AlthoughpublicspeechPublicspeechesarewell-organizedandstructuredinordertogivetheaudienceaclearpictureofwhatthespeakerintendstosay.Rhetoricaldevicesandverbalimagesarefrequentlyusedforspecialeffects.Directaddresstotheaudience,orevensummonsoftenoccurinordertomobilizetheaudiencetoactuponthespeaker’swords,andfirstpersonpluralisusedtoidentifyhimselfwithhisaudience.56PublicspeechesarewePoliticalspeechesAsonesubtypeofpublicspeaking,thepurposeofpoliticalspeechesistoarousetheinterestandpassionoftheaudienceandpersuadethemtoaccepthispoliticalpolicyandtakeactiontovotefortheaddresser.Politicalspeechesdifferwiththedifferencesofthespeaker’sprofession,sex,education,inthepurposeandtheaudience.57PoliticalspeechesAsonPoliticalspeeches,asaspecificvarietyofpublicspeeches,sharethegeneralfeaturesofpublicspeaking:writtentobespoken,andalmostabsolutelyonformaloccasionsanddeliveredwithinagiventimelimit.Theyincorporatefeaturesofspokenlanguageintothoseofformalwrittenlanguage.However,therecertainlyexistdifferencesfromgeneralpublicspeeches.Amongthem,themostprominentfeatureistheirstrongassociationwiththePower.58Politicalspeeches,asThesecondfactorisatwo-sideattitudethespeakertakes:Ontheotherhand,inordertoenforcethepoweruponthehearers,heoftentriestopresenthimselfasanauthority;ontheotherhand,hehastomitigatehispowertoestablishadesirablerelationshipwiththeaudience,andthisleadstoasharpcontrastinpoliticalspeeches.59Thesecondfactorisatwo-sThelanguageofpoliticalspeecheshasitsownfeatures.Ontheonehand,itsharesthequalitiesofwrittenlanguagesinceitiscarefullypreparedinwrittenforminadvance;ontheotherhand,ithassomespokenlanguagefeaturessinceitispresentedorallytotheaudiencesbythespeakers.60ThelanguageofpolitiObama’sskillsinpublicspeaking:TheAmericanpresidentObama’srhetoricalskillsandabilitiestocaptivateandinspireaudiencewithhispowerfulspeecheshaveledsomepeopletodescribehimasthegreatestoratorofhisgeneration.Obama’sspeechesmakethemostofthesubstanceanddeliverytoachievewonderfuleffectswithclearviewpoint,refinedlanguage,powerfuleloquenceanddeepinsight.Hischiefstrengthslieinhisfacilitywithwords,hisreasoningskills,hisyouthfulcoolimageetc.61Obama’sskillsinpublicspeakBarackObama’sextraordinaryabilitytopersuadeandcommunicatefinallyaidedhimtowintheelectionandbecomethepresidentofAmerica.BarackObamahasdonethiswithgreatsuccessbyemployingagreatdealoffiguresofspeechinhisspeechestodrawtheaudience’sattentionandmakethelanguagemorevivid,emphaticandpersuasive.Andalsohisextraordinaryrhetoricalabilitiestopersuadeandinspiretheaudiencewithhispowerfulspeecheshavemadehimtobedescribedasthegreatestoratorofhistimes.62BarackObama’sextraor1.LinguisticDescription1)PhonologicalAnalysisandEffectiveUseofBodyLanguagePhonologyisdefinedasthesystemofspeechsoundsinalanguage(phonemes,stress,rhythm,intonation).Phonologicallevelistheexpressionorrealizationoflanguageinitsspokenform.Inasense,thesuccessofanaddressdependslargelyonhowthespeakercontrolshis/hervoice.Appropriatevolumeandpitchvariationareneeded,soarevaryingtempo,rightlytimedpauseandrhythmiceffect,anddistinctarticulationandevenfulluseofnon-verbalcommunication.631.LinguisticDescription1)PhThefirstimpressionBarackObamaleavesisusuallyfriendly,earnestandhonestwithabig,warmsmile.Heexcelsatmodulatinghisvoicelikeafine-tunedmusicalinstrument.Whenhemakesspeeches,heusuallywearsbusinessattireandcreatedasolemnatmospherebyelaboratingaformalsettingflankedbylargeAmericanflagsbehindhim.Thesedeviceshelpinsendingsub-messagesthatreinforcethekeythemeshewantstoexpress.Inshort,excepthiswonderfulandheart-movingcontentofaddresses,allofthesedeliveryn