現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語精讀4lesson1知識(shí)點(diǎn)

Detailedstudyofthetext

[Paragraph1]1.

conclusion:a)eto/arriveat/jumpto/reach/drawaconclusionThepolicecametotheinescapableconclusionthatthechildrenhadbeenmurdered.Therewereperhapstwomainconclusionstobedrawnfromtheabovediscussion.Allthefactsjustifytheconclusionthatheisguilty.b)theendorfinalpartofsthe.g.Attheconclusionoftheconference,littleprogresshasbeenmade.c)inconclusion:usedinapieceofwritingoraspeechtoshowthatyouareabouttofinishwhatyouaresayinge.g.Inconclusion,IwouldliketosayhowmuchIhaveenjoyedmyselftoday.concludev.concludingadj.:thelastremarketcinaneventorpieceofwritingconclusiveadj.showingthatsthisdefinitelytruethe_________sectionofChapter6Theinvestigationfailedtoprovideany________evidence.

[Paragraph2]2.

statuetten.averysmallstatuethatcanbeputonatableorshelf-ettesuffix(innoun):a)asmallthingofaparticulartypee.g.akitchenette(=smallkitchen)asnackette(=averysmallmeal),roomette,essayette,storiette,cigarette,parasolette,historiette,b)awomanwhoisdoingaparticularjobe.g.anusherette(=femaleusher),sailorette,conductrette,typette,undergraduettec)sththatisnotreal,butisimitatione.g.leatherette,flannelette,rosette,linenette3.

nothingbut:only;nothingexcepte.g.Thedoctortoldherthatitwasnothingbutacold.Hewasnothingbutacoward.他只在乎自己的名譽(yù)和地位。

Hecaredfornothingbuthisnameandposition.

4.

Sheseemedfrozeninaneternalpaniclest…farther;eternal:adj.a)continuingforeverandhavingnoende.g.Theministerspokeofthesoul’seternallife.TheeternalGodisyourdwellingplace.b)seemingtocontinueforever,esp.becauseofbeingboringorannoyinge.g.Ican’tstandanymoreofhereternalnagging.Stopthiseternalarguing.eternityn.eternallyadv.eternalize/sev.

panic:n.,v.wordchoice:fear,dread,fright,alarm,panic,terror,horror

fearoftenthemostgeneralterm,impliesanxietyandlossofcourageandtheleastintenseant.fearlessnesse.g.herfearthattherainwoulddamagehernewshoeshisfearofdisagreeingwithhisboss

dreadusuallyaddstheideaofintensereluctancetofaceormeetapersonorsituationandsuggestsaversionaswellasanxietye.g.thedreadofhavingtofacehermotherShelivesindreadofthediseasereturning.Theprospectofflyingfilledmewithdread.

frightimpliestheshockofsudden,startlingfeare.g.imagineourfrightatbeingawakenedbyscreamsIgotanawfulfrightwhenIrealizedhowmuchmoneyIowed.

alarmsuggestsasuddenandintenseapprehensionproducedbynewlyperceivedawarenessofimmediatedangerantassurance,composuree.g.Hedidn’ttakealarmatthenews.//Theexplosioncausedalarm.panicimpliesunreasoningandovermasteringfearcausinghysterical,disordered,anduselessactivitye.g.Newsoftheinvasioncausedgreatpanic.Thecrowdpanickedatthesoundofguns.

terrorimpliesthemostextremedegreeofconsternationorfeare.g.Sheawakenedinterrorastheflamingroofcamecrashingdown.Thechildhasaterrorofthunder.

horroraddstheimplicationofshudderingabhorrenceoraversionbeforeasight,activity,ordemandthatcausesfeare.g.Sheexpressedherhorrorofterrorism.Thesepoliciesarouseinmanypeopleahorrorandanangerthatcannotbesuppressed.antfascination

lest:conj.(fml)forfearthat;tomakesurethatsthwouldnothappene.g.Heranasfastaswecouldlestwemissthetrain.Hedidn’ttellhisfatherabouttheexamlesthegetmadathim.slipv.n.wordchoice:slide,slip

a)slidemeanstomovesmoothlyacrossasurface.Youcantalkaboutpeople,objectsorliquidsslidinge.g.Francescaslidacrosstheice.Heslidopenthedooroftheglasscabinet.

slipmeanstoaccidentallyslideasmalldistance,andusuallythenfalldowne.g.Sheslippedandhurtherwrist.It’sicy?mindyoudon’tslip.

b)tomovesomewherequietly,secretlyandsmoothlyortomovesthinthiswaye.g.Danielslid/slippedoutoftheroomwhennoonewaslooking.Heslid/slippedagunintohispocket.

farther:Donotmixup“farther”with“further”.Theformerreferstophysicaldistancewhereasthelattertodegree,timeandallotherfigurativeuses.e.g.Thenextvillageturnedourtobemuch______thanwehadthought.Wewilldiscussit______tomorrow._______developmentofoureconomywillstrainourresourcestoo.5.

Shewasinanunfortunateposition…towelupagain.

tobeina/nopositiontodo(sth):tobe(un)abletodosthbecauseyou(don’t)havetheability,moneyorpowertodoite.g.I’msorry,butI’mnotinaposition/innopositiontoanswerthatquestion.Wearenowinabetterfinancialpositiontodealwithoursocialproblems.Forthefirsttimeinhistory,人類現(xiàn)在有能力摧毀世界。

manisnowinapositiontodestroythewholeworld.

[Paragraph3]6.

delinquent:adj.a)behavinginawaythatisillegalorthatsocietydoesnotapproveofe.g.Theyarecarryingoutresearchonthecausesofdelinquentbehavioramongyoungpeople.b)(ofdebts,accounts,etc.)nothavingbeenpaidorpaidintointimee.g.Wehaveseveralchronicdelinquentpayers.Thenewlyelectedboardhasdeterminedthatthepriortwoboardshavenotbeendoingaverygoodjobofcollectingdelinquentassessments.n.apersonwhoisdelinquent,esp.ayoungpersone.g.young/juveniledelinquentsDeanswritesandlecturesaboutteenagedelinquents.delinquencyn.delinquentlyadv.

7.

symbolizev.ifsthsymbolizesaquality,feelingetc,itrepresentsite.g.Thefoxoftensymbolizesslynessandcunning.Growingdiscontenthasbeensymbolizedbytheprotests.

Besymbolicof

symboln.symbolismn.symbolicadj.symbolicallyadv.

8.

Shewasjustbusybeingbeautifultobebusydoingsth:Inthispattern,whatfollowstheword“busy”isusuallyanactionverb.Thissentencemeansthatfromtheboy’spointofview,theGoddessofLovewassimplytryingtoremainbeautiful.

Heisbeingtallinthepresenceofhislittlefriends.Iamjustbeinglazytoday.Sheisbeingnicetous.Theyarejustbeingpolite.Bebeingrude/careful

9.

…,andhewasbeingnaturalbeing+adj.:(seeNotestotheTextno.4p.6)Note:Accordingtosomegrammarbook,certainadjectivessuchastall,young,smart,etccanbeusedwiththecontinuoustenseformsof“be”.Inthiscase,theydescribethedynamicpropertiesofpeopleorthingsinaspecifiedperiodoftimeorsituation.e.g.Sheisbeingyoungtoday.(=Sheismakinganefforttoappearyounger.)Theboyisbeingtallinthepresenceofhislittlefriends.(=Theboyistryingtolooktallerinthepresenceofhislittlefriends.)Hisbrother,usuallycarelessabouthisclothes,isbeingsmartinhisnewsuit.(=…istryingtolooksmartinhisnewsuit.)

[Paragraphs4]10.

…becauseofthelatestthingIhaddoneorleftundone.toleavesthundone:tonotdosthortodoitlaterthanyouintendede.g.I’lldothemlater.Somuchhasbeenleftundone.Similarly:It’sbettertoleavesomethingunsaid.Theoldscientistdiedallofasudden,leavingtheprojectunfinished.

Notethestructure:verb+object+-edVerbsthatcantakean–edparticipleasobjectcomplementfallintothreegroups.a)Thefirstgroupincludesverbsofperceptionandverbsdenotingmentalstatesuchassee,hear,feel,find,think,etc.e.g.Isawthestudentsassembledinthehall.Everybodythoughtthebattlelost.b)Thesecondgroupincludescausativeverbssuchasmake,get,have,keep,etc.e.g.Ihavemyhaircuteverytwoweeks.Pleasekeepusinformedofthelatestdevelopments.c)Thethirdgroupincludesverbsdenotinghope,expectation,order,suchaslike,want,wish,order,etc.e.g.Idon’twantanyofyou(tobe)involvedinthescandal.Theviewerswishtheserialfilm(tobe)continued.

11.

Iwasnotintegrated,Iwas,ifanything,egrated:adj.formingapartofaharmoniousorunifiedgroup(seePre-classWorkExer.5p.13)integrity:n.a)(moreformalthanhonesty)honestye.g.Heisamanofabsoluteintegrity.Theintegrityofthejudgeisunquestioned.Hisbehaviorinvestedhimwithacertainintegrity.b)thestateofbeingasinglewholee.g.Theseargumentsarethreateningtheintegrityofthegroup.Wasn’tthisTreatysupposedtoguaranteeourterritorialintegrity?disintegrated:adjHereinthetext,itisusedbytheauthortomeanthedirectoppositeof“integrated”,andthereforemeanssomekindofatrouble-maker.Note:Thisisnotthewaythewordisnormallyused.disintegratev.a)(causeto)breakupintoverysmallpiecesorfallaparte.g.Thewholeplanejustdisintegratedinmid-air.Thepaperbagwassowetthatthebottomdisintegratedandallthegroceriesfellout.b)tobecomeweakerorlessunitedandbegraduallydestroyede.g.ThedecayofmoralprinciplesdisintegratedRomansociety.Heisoftheopinionthatthevaluesofsocietyaredisintegrating.disintegrationn.

ifanything:onthecontrarye.g.Heisnotknownforhisgenerosity.Heis,ifanything,quitemiserly.Theweatherforecastsaysthatitwillnotbewarmerthiswinter.Itwill,ifanything,beevencolderthanlastyear.要說起來嘛，局勢(shì)沒有改善反而惡化了。

Thesituation,ifanything,isworseningratherthanimproving.Ineverhadtocleanupafterhim.Ifanything,hedidmostofthecleaning.I’mnotashamedofher.Ifanything,I’mproud.

12.

WheneverIfound…penalposition.penal:adj.a)oforrelatingtopunishmentforcrimese.g.penalcodepenalcolony/settlement(aspecialareaoflandwhereprisonersarekept)penalservitude:lawwhensomeoneispunishedbybeingkeptinprisonandmadetodohardphysicalworkb)veryseveree.g.Suchapenaltaxsystemisunfairtopeoplewhoearnlessthan$7,000ayear.Apenalfineforoverduebookswillbestrictlyenforced.penallyadv.penalise/penalizev.penaltyn.

[Paragraph9]13.

…themusculargentlemancontemplate…gloomcontemplatev.a)tothinkforalongtimeinordertounderstandbettercontemplate(doing)sthe.g.Didyouevercontemplateresigning?Theyoungsurgeoncontemplatedthedifficultoperationofkidneytransplant.Iwascontemplatinghavingaholiday.Theoldmancontemplatedthepastwithafeelingofregret.b)tolookthoughtfullyate.g.WhenIcontemplatetheseaIfeelcalm.Hecontemplatedherwithafaintsmile.

contemplationn.contemplativeadj.contemplativelyadv.

WORDCHOICE:consider,study,contemplate,weighconsidersuggestsgivingthoughttoinordertoreachasuitableconclusion,opinion,ordecision.e.g.Themanagerrefusedeventoconsidermyproposal.Weconsideredwhethertobravetheweatheranddrivetothetheatreortostayathome.studyimpliessustainedpurposefulconcentrationandattentionthatwillrevealdetailsorminutiae.e.g.Acitycouncilstudiesproposalssubmittedforurbanrenewal.contemplatea)stressesthefocusingofone’sthoughtsonsomething,oftenwithoutindicationofpurposeorresulte.g.WehavelongcontemplatedthepossibilityoflivinginPortugalforayear.b)Initsrelatedmeaningoflookingatintensely,contemplatesuggestsleisurelyandpleasurablereflection.e.g.Hecontemplatedtheabstractsculpturesforanentireafternoon.

weighimpliesthemakingofanattempttoreachthetruthorarriveatadecisionbybalancingconflictingclaimsorevidence.e.g.Let’sweightheprosandconsofthecase.Youmustweighalltheadvantagesofresigningagainstallthedisadvantages.

Haveyou______gettinganewcar?Wehaveto_____thecostsofthenewsystemagainstthebenefitsitwillbring.Thegovernmentwill______thebudgetbeforemakingsweepingcuts.Ihaven’tgottimetositaround________themeaningoflife.

thehindquarters:therump;thebackpartofananimal

14.

Hisspectaclescaughtthelight…communicationtocatchthelight:tohavethelightshineonitbrightlyandsuddenlyothersimilarusesof“catch”e.g.Theflagabovethegrandstandcaughtthelastofthesun.

[Paragraph11]15.

Iwassimplywaitinginanguish.最新anguishn.mentalorphysicalsufferingcausedbyextremepainorworry;agonye.g.Thewomansufferedterribleanguishwhenherchildwasill.Hiswholeframequiveredwithanguishasonekickfollowedanother.v.tohavementalorphysicalpainorworrye.g.Herhusband’sdeathanguishedherdeeply.Hisheartanguishedwithinhimwhenheheardthestartlingnews.

[Paragraph13]16.

Ononeoccasion…leapedtohisfeet,reachedup…toleaptoone’sfeet:tojumpuptoreachup:tomoveahandorarmupwardinordertotouch,hold,orpickupsth

Also:toreachsthdown;toreachout(for);toreachinto

[Paragraph15]17.

Naturehadendowedtherest…leftmeout.asixthsense:akeenintuitivepowerHere,theauthormeanstheabilitytothinktoendowsbwithsth:toprovidesbwithanaturalqualityortalente.g.Hughwasyoung,handsome,andendowedwiththeprivilegesofclassandeducation.Jeffersonwrotethatallcitizenswereendowedwith"therightstolife,liberty,andthepursuitofhappiness."

她是個(gè)幸運(yùn)兒，天資聰慧又天生麗質(zhì)。上帝似乎沒有賦予他太多幽默感。

Sheisoneofthoseluckywomenwhoareendowedwithbothasharpbrainandgreatbeauty.ItseemsthatGodhasnotendowedhimwithmuchhumor.

endowmentn.

leavesb/sthout:notincludesomebodyorsomethinge.g.Oneortwoscenesintheplaywereleftoutoftheperformance.‘Ishan’tbeavailable’saidourhost,‘soyouwillhavetoleavemeout’.

她簡要地把案情向他進(jìn)行了描述，小心翼翼唯恐有什么遺漏。Lest

Sheoutlinedthecasetohim,beingcarefulnottoleaveanythingout(lestsheshouldleaveanythingout).

be/feelleftout:tofeelthatyouarenotacceptedorwelcomeinasituatione.g.Newfathersoftenfeelleftoutwhenbabyarrives.

leaveitout:BrEspokenusedtotellsomeonetostoplying,pretending,orbeingannoyinge.g.Leaveitout,youtwo;somebody’sgoingtogethurt!Leaveitoutsheisnotfifty-two!

[Paragraph16]18.

Orwastheremoresensein...aboutthecleanlifeandthevirtuesoffreshair?thecleanlife:Itnormallyreferstoalifewithoutvicesormoralsinsthevirtuesoffreshair:theadvantagesoffreshair

[Paragraph17]19.

Sometimes,exaltedbyhisown…intoahideouswind.Meaning:Sometimeshegotcarriedawayandwouldleapfromhisdeskandhurryusoutsideintoacoldandunpleasantwind.exaltedadj.a)filledwithagreatfeelingofjoye.g.Theplayputusinanexaltedmood.Thevictoriousstudentsranthroughthestreetsinanexaltedstateofexcitement.b)havingaveryhighrankandhighlyrespectede.g.Ifeltshyinsuchexaltedcompany.Heholdsaveryexaltedpositioninthegovernment.

exaltv.exaltationn.exaltedlyadvoratory:(artof)publicspeakinge.g.Herousedthetroopswithhisoratory.Thesenatorwasknownforhisoratory.oratorn.orationn.oratoricaladj.

[Paragraph19]20.Hewouldstandbeforeus,puthishands…atremendousbreath.(seeNotestotheTextno.5p.6)21.

Youcouldhearthewind,trapped…withalltheunnaturalimpediments.strugglingwithalltheunnaturalimpediments:

impedimentn.a)aphysicalproblemthatmakesspeaking,hearing,ormovingdifficulte.g.Somesmallimpedimentsslowedhisconversation.Hisillnesswasanimpedimenttohisholidayplans.b)asituationoreventthatmakesitdifficultorimpossibleforsb.orsthtosucceedormakeprogresse.g.Warisoneofthegreatestimpedimentstohumanprogress.缺乏自信是成功的阻礙。該國的巨額外債將是其發(fā)展的巨大障礙。

Lackofconfidenceisanimpedimenttosuccess.Thecountry’shugeforeigndebtwillbeamajorimpedimenttoitsdevelopment.

impedev.

Reel:v.inastateofconfusionofshock;moveunsteadilyThefiguresmademyheadreel.Thepartyisstillreelingfromdefeatintheelection.

[Paragraph20]22.

Mr.Houghtonwasgivento…sexlessandfullofduty.

tobegiventosth/doingsth:tobehabituallyinclinedtodosthe.g.Heismuchgiventoblowinghisowntrumpet.Shewasgiventohastydecisions.Theyweregiventosenselessgossip.

high-mindedmonologue:ahighlymoralspeechsexless:a)neithermalenorfemale;lackingthecharacteristicsofsexe.g.Thescholarpublishedaresearchpaperentitled“AstudyofsexlessnarrativeinaJapanesewomen’smagazine.InEnglish,asexlessorgenderlessreferenthasaneuterpronoun,“it”.b)(derog)notsexuallyinterestingorattractivee.g.She’soneofthoserathersexlesswomen.Ifindhimabitsexless.sexn.sexualadj.sexyadj.sexistadj.n.WORDCHOICE:sexual,sexy,sexistsexual:a)relatingtothephysicalactivityofsexe.g.adiseasepassedonbysexualcontactManyelderlypeoplecontinuetohavesatisfyingsexualrelationships.b)relatingtothesocialrelationshipsbetweenmenandwomen,espthedifferencesbetweentheme.g.sexualstereotypes,sexualdifferentiation,sexualequalitysexy:a)sexuallyattractivee.g.sexydress/pictures/clothesb)concernedwithsexe.g.Hislatestnovelisverysexy.asexyfilm/investmentsexist(aperson)showingcontemptfortheothersexe.g.Thatwasaverysexistremark.Itissexisttosaythatwomenshouldnotwork.Heisasexist.

23.

Yetinthemiddleofthesemonologues…irresistiblespringinhisneck.toturnofitself:toturnbyitself;toturnonitsown(Note:“byitself”istheusualexpression)towatchsboutofsight:towatchsbuntilhe/sheisoutofsight(canbeseennomore)rulev.n.(seePre-classwork4)p.14)

[Paragraph21]24.

Normallyitbulgedabit…WORDCHOICE:bulge,protrude,stickouttobulge:alsobulgeout/swellouttostickoutinaroundedshape,espbecausesthisveryfullortootighte.g.Hispocketswerebulgingwithcandy.Hefellheavilytothefloor,hiseyesbulgingwidewithfear.Mystomach’sbulgingwithallthefoodI’veeaten.生育高峰造成學(xué)校入學(xué)人數(shù)的暴漲

Thebabyboomcreatedabulgeinschoolenrollment.Compare:bulge,protrude,stickoutBulgesuggestsaswellingoutinanexcessiveorabnormalfashion;itmaybeusedwhentheimpressiontobegivenisthatthereisanimperfection,adefect,oracauseofstrainthatexplainstheswelling

e.g.thewallbulgedinthecenter

Stickoutdoesnotimplyabnormalityasarulebutconstruction,formation,orpositionthatpermitsathingtoextendoutsideorbeyondtheflatlineofasurface

tostickout:tobepositionedbeyondtherest;reachfurtherthanusuale.g.Thechildrenweresothintheirribsstuckout.Paul’slegswerestickingoutfromunderthecar.

Protrudeimpliesathrustingforthesp.inanunexpectedplace;itappliesesp.tosth.thatdoesnotseemtobelongorthatsticksoutobviously

toprotrude:trudingteeth/eyesheadyThepolicemanstoppedthemanwhenhesawagunwasprotrudingfromhispocket.

Exerciseonpage21

25.

ButMr.Houghtonhadfoughtin…detestationofbothcountries.hadcometoasettleddetestationofbothcountries:haddevelopedafixeddislikeofboththeUnitedStatesandFrance

cometosb/sth:a)ifathoughtorideacometoyou,yourealizeorremembersthe.g.Theanswercametomeinaflash.Itsuddenlycametomethathewasthemurderer.

她意識(shí)到指望他幫忙是很愚蠢的。

Itcametoherthatit’sfoolishtoexpecthimtohelp.

b)todevelopsothataparticularsituationexists,usu.abadonee.g.Allthoseyearsofstudying,andintheenditallcametonothing.Ineverthoughtitwouldcometothis.Whatistheworld/thecountrycomingto?(=usedtosaythattheworldetc.isinabadsituation)c)toaddtoatotalamounte.g.Thatcomesto$23,50.Thebillcameto$48.52.cometodosth.(seethelastsentenceinpara.23)a)

tobegintohaveafeelingoropinionofe.g.HecametothinkofItalyashishome.Icametobelievethathewasinnocentafterall.b)

todosthbychance,withoutplanninge.g.Canyoutellmehowthebodycametobediscovered?IoftenwonderedhowIcametobelivinginsuchaeto:tobecomeconsciousagainafteryouhavebeenunconsciouse.g.Whenhecameto,hewaslyingonthefloorwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.AllIcouldrememberwhenIcametowasmymother’sanxiousface.26.

Ifeitherhappenedtobeprominent…Mr.Houghtonthinkwellofit.

tothinkwellofsb:tohaveagoodopinionofsb;tothinkfavorablyofsb;tolikesb(opposite:tothinkill/badly/lessofsb)e.g.Weallthinkwell/veryhighly/muchofhim.Doyouthinklessofmeforagreeingtodoit?

[Paragraph23]27.

Itwilllectureondisinterested…twistedtowardaskirt.Noteherethepronoun“it”standsfor“thought”ingrammar,butactuallyreferstoMr.Houghton.Theword“skirt”standsforgirlsingeneral.Itisacommonfigureofspeechcalledmetonymyinwhichanideaisevokedornamedbymeansofatermdesignatingsomeassociatednotion.Itisvulgartorefertoagirlasaskirt.Moreexamples:TheworldiswatchingcloselywhatthewhiteHousewilldonext.Democracyfavorsthevoteratherthanthebullet.Theyhavenointentionofturningtheirswordsintoploughs.Politicalpowergrowsoutofthebarrelofagun.(MaoZedong)

disinterested:adj.abletojudgeasituationfairlywithoutpersonalprejudiceorbiase.g.Alawyershouldprovidedisinterestedadvice.Hisactionwasnotdisinterestedbecausehehopedtomakemoneyoutoftheaffair.Compare:uninteresteduninterested:adj.notinterested;borede.g.Ilikemusicbutamuninterestedinart.Itoldhimthenewsbutheseemeduninterested.28.

Technically,itisaboutasproficient…getwritten.Thisironicalsentenceshowsthattheauthornotonlyconsidersthosepeopleincompetent,dishonestandincoherent,butalsodespisesmostbusinessmen,distrustsmostpoliticiansanddislikesmostpublications.

[Paragraph24]29.

Idelightedtoconfront…thatweshouldloveourenemies.confront:v.a)tobring(aperson)facetofacewithaccusers,evidence,sthunpleasantetc.e.g.I’llconfronthimwiththeevidence.Theproblemconfrontingthegovernmentwereenormous.b)

tofaceinahostilemanner;toopposee.g.Theyconfrontedtheenemyatdawn.Troopswereconfrontedbyanangrymob.c)

todealwithsthverydifficultorunpleasantinabraveanddeterminedwaye.g.WetrytohelppeopleconfronttheirproblemsWemustconfrontthefuturewithoptimism.

confrontationn.confrontationaladj.30.

Inolongerdismisslightlyamental…dismissv.a)tosendaway(fromemployment)e.g.Ifyouarelateagainyou’llbedismissed(fromyourjob).Employeescanbedismissedforsendingobsceneemails.b)toputaway(asubjectfromone’smind):treat(asubject)asnotimportantorseriouse.g.Thegovernmenthasdismissedcriticismsthatthecountry’shealthpolicyisamess.Hejustlaughedanddismissedthesuggestionasunimportant.dismissaln.dismissiveadj.dismissivelyadv.31.

Theyhaveimmensesolidarity.Meaning:Theyusuallyrepresentthegreatmajority.Notethattheauthordoesnothaveanyromanticideaaboutmasswisdom.Infact,hebelievesthatmostpeopleareparrots.Theyliketofollowthecrowdorjumponthebandwagon(=toopportunisticallyjointhemajority).32.

outnumberv.tobemoreinnumberthananothergroupe.g.Innursing,womenstilloutnumbermenbyfourtoone.Flatsoutnumberhousesinthisarea.out-prefixa)(inverbs)beingorbecomingbigger,further,greateretcthansborsthelsee.g.Hehasoutgrownthosechildishideas.b)doingbetterthansomeone,sothatyoudefeattheme.g.Icanoutargueyouanyday.Sheoutranhim.Someotherverbswith“out”:outdo;outlive;outsmart;outlast;outgun,etc.

[Paragraph25]33.

Itsetmewatchingthecrowds…Buttherewerecompensations.toputintheplaceof:toreplaceheady:adj.inclinedtogotoyourheadandmakeyouintoxicated(i.e.aheadytrend;headydays;headysuccess)headyliqueur

醉人的烈酒

intoxicating

theheadynewsoftriumph

振奮人心的獲勝消息

exciting

aheadyoutburstofanger

猛一聲怒喝

thrilling

aheadycurrent

一股湍流

swiftandviolent

headytactics

機(jī)敏的戰(zhàn)術(shù)

showingintelligenceandgoodjudgment

tooheadytoreasonwith

太專橫而無法與之理論

domineering;overbearing

compensation:.nmoney,rewardpaidtosomeoneforhisloss,serviceorefforte.g.Peoplewhoarewronglyarrestedmaybepaidcompensation.Workerswhohavebeenunfairlydismissedmayclaimcompensationfromemployers.AmericanIndianshavefiledsuitsagainstthegovernmentdemandingcompensationfor1.3billionacresofland.

pensatoryadj.

34.

TohearPrimeMinistertalk...peoplelikeNehruandGandhi.conferv.fmla)toconfersthonsb:toofferorgivesthtosbe.g.AnhonorarydegreewasconferredonhimbytheUniversity.Theyareconvincedthatjoggingwillconferstrikingbenefits.b)todiscusssthwithotherpeoplee.g.Franklinleantoverandconferredwithhisattorneys.I’llconferwiththeircoachonthedateofthematch.conferencen.conferrern.conferee=conferreen.conferrableadj.35.

TohearAmericanpoliticianstalkaboutpeaceandrefusetojointheleagueofNations.(SeetheNotestotheTextp.7)

[Paragraph26]36.ButIwasgrowingtowardadolescence…thecompulsivehandofnature.Obviouslythis“irresistiblespringintheneck”isahumorousreferencetotheawakeningsexualimpulse,“thecompulsivehandofnature”,theoverwhelminginterestintheothersex.37.SheclaimedthattheBiblewasliterally…Argumentflagged.literallyinspired:atruehistoricalrecord;afactualaccountofGod’sdivineplanandpropheciesWORDCHOICE:literal,literary,literateliteral:adj.a)followingtheexact,basicororiginalmeaningwithnoexaggerationandnothingaddedbytheimaginatione.g.Hedidnotbelievethatwhatshesaidwastheliteraltruth.Atradewarisnotawarintheliteralsense.b)translatingorunderstandingthemeaningbytakingeachwordexactlyinsteadofgivingthegeneralmeaninginamorenaturalwaye.g.ThisisaliteraltranslationinFrenchofanEnglishproverb.Thegeneralwantedaliteralreportontheenemy’sstrength.c)(ofaperson)unimaginativee.g.Hehasaveryliteralmind.Heistooliteralformyliking?Iprefersomeonewithmoreimagination.literallyadv.literalnessn.literaryadj.a)concerningliteratureorthewritingofbookse.g.aliterarymagazine/prizeliterarycriticism(=thestudyofthemethodsusedinwritingl