直流數(shù)控恒流源設(shè)計(jì)-系統(tǒng)總體方案設(shè)計(jì)及監(jiān)控程序電子信息工程專業(yè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)畢業(yè)論文（附外文翻譯）

文檔可自由編輯打印系統(tǒng)程序#include<reg52.h>#include<intrins.h>#defineuintunsignedint#defineucharunsignedcharsbitlcdrs=P2^4;sbitlcde=P2^5;sbitkeyda=P3^2;sbitadcs=P1^0;sbitadsclk=P1^1;sbitadout=P1^2;sbitdasync=P1^3;sbitdasclk=P1^4;sbitdadin=P1^5;sbitSda=P1^6;sbitScl=P1^7;ucharcodedis1[]={"INPUTmA"};ucharcodedis2[]={"OUTPUTmA"};ucharnumber[4],number1[4];uinti,n,s,m;//n為鍵入允許標(biāo)志控制，s為鍵入次數(shù)計(jì)數(shù)uintadata1,data2;/*延時程序*/voiddelay(uintz){ uintx,y; for(x=z;x>0;x--) for(y=110;y>0;y--);}/******************************************************************/作用：啟動IIC總線/******************************************************************/voidStart(){Sda=1;_nop_();_nop_();Scl=1;_nop_();_nop_();_nop_();_nop_();_nop_();Sda=0;_nop_();_nop_();_nop_();_nop_();_nop_();Scl=0;}/******************************************************************/作用：停止IIC總線/******************************************************************/voidStop(){Sda=0;_nop_();Scl=1;_nop_();_nop_();_nop_();_nop_();_nop_();Sda=1;_nop_();_nop_();_nop_();_nop_();_nop_();Scl=0;}/******************************************************************/作用：應(yīng)答IIC總線/******************************************************************/voidAck(){Sda=0; _nop_();_nop_();_nop_(); Scl=1; _nop_();_nop_();_nop_();_nop_();_nop_(); Scl=0; _nop_();_nop_();}/******************************************************************/作用：非應(yīng)答IIC總線/******************************************************************/voidNoAck(){ Sda=1; _nop_();_nop_();_nop_(); Scl=1; _nop_();_nop_();_nop_();_nop_();_nop_(); Scl=0; _nop_();_nop_();}/******************************************************************/作用：發(fā)送一個字節(jié)/******************************************************************/voidSend(ucharData){ ucharBitCounter=8; uchartemp; do { temp=Data; Scl=0; _nop_();_nop_();_nop_();_nop_();_nop_(); if((temp&0x80)==0x80) Sda=1; else Sda=0; Scl=1; temp=Data<<1; Data=temp; BitCounter--; } while(BitCounter); Scl=0;}/******************************************************************/作用：讀一個字節(jié)并返回/******************************************************************/ucharRead(void){ uchartemp=0; uchartemp1=0; ucharBitCounter=8; Sda=1; do { Scl=0;_nop_();_nop_();_nop_();_nop_();_nop_(); Scl=1; _nop_();_nop_();_nop_();_nop_();_nop_(); if(Sda) temp=temp|0x01; else temp=temp&0xfe; if(BitCounter-1) { temp1=temp<<1; temp=temp1; } BitCounter--; } while(BitCounter); return(temp);}/******************************************************************/作用：寫入數(shù)據(jù)/******************************************************************/voidWrToROM(ucharData[],ucharAddress,ucharNum){ ucharj; uchar*PData; PData=Data; for(j=0;j<Num;j++) { Start(); Send(0xa0);//寫入芯片地址 Ack(); Send(Address+j);//寫入存儲地址 Ack(); Send(*(PData+j));//寫數(shù)據(jù) Ack(); Stop(); delay(10); }}/******************************************************************/作用：讀出數(shù)據(jù)/******************************************************************/voidRdFromROM(ucharData[],ucharAddress,ucharNum){ ucharj; uchar*PData; PData=Data;for(j=0;j<Num;j++) { Start();//寫入芯片地址 Send(0xa0); Ack(); Send(Address+j);//寫入存儲地址 Ack(); Start(); Send(0xa1);//讀入地址 Ack(); *(PData+j)=Read();//讀數(shù)據(jù) Scl=0; NoAck(); Stop(); }}/*A/D轉(zhuǎn)換*/uintad_conver() { uintvoltage_temp=0; ucharucloop=12; adcs=1; adsclk=0; adcs=0;while(adout==0);//EOC信號為高表示轉(zhuǎn)換結(jié)束 adsclk=1; adsclk=0;while(ucloop--) { adsclk=1;//上升沿數(shù)據(jù)穩(wěn)定并讀出 voltage_temp<<=1; if(adout==1) voltage_temp+=1; adsclk=0; } adcs=1; returnvoltage_temp; }/*D/A轉(zhuǎn)換*/voidda_conver(uintdignum){ uintdig=0; uchark=0; dasync=1; _nop_();_nop_(); dasync=0; for(k=0;k<16;k++) { dasclk=1; dig=dignum&0x8000; if(dig)dadin=1; elsedadin=0; dasclk=0; _nop_();_nop_(); dignum<<=1; } dasync=1; _nop_();_nop_();}/*顯示器寫數(shù)據(jù)*/voidwrite_date(uchardate){ lcdrs=1; P0=date; delay(1); lcde=1; delay(1); lcde=0;}/*顯示器寫程序*/voidwrite_com(ucharcom){ lcdrs=0; P0=com; delay(1); lcde=1; delay(1); lcde=0; }/*數(shù)據(jù)顯示*/voidxianshi(ucharz){ intj; write_com(0x0c);//D2=1:開顯示；D1=0:不顯示光標(biāo)；D0=0：光標(biāo)不閃爍 if(z==1) { write_com(0x80+0x09); for(j=0;j<4;j++) write_date(number[j]+0x30); } if(z==2) { write_com(0x80+0x49); for(j=0;j<4;j++) write_date(number1[j]+0x30); } write_date('m'); write_date('A'); write_date(''); }/*數(shù)據(jù)處理*/voidchuli(){ floatdata3=0.0; data3=data2/2500.0*4095; adata1=(int)data3; adata1=adata1+m;//m為修正值 da_conver(adata1); delay(100); adata1=ad_conver(); data3=adata1/4095.0; data3=data3*2500; adata1=(uint)data3;number1[0]=(adata1/1000)%10; number1[1]=(adata1/100)%10; number1[2]=(adata1/10)%10; number1[3]=(adata1/1)%10; xianshi(2); if(adata1<data2)m++; if(adata1>data2)m--; if(adata1=data2)m=m;}/*lcd1602初始化*/voidinit(){ lcde=0; write_com(0x38);//8位數(shù)據(jù)端口，2行顯示，5*7點(diǎn)陣 write_com(0x0f);//D2=1:開顯示；D1=1:顯示光標(biāo)；D0=1：光標(biāo)閃爍 write_com(0x01);//清屏 write_com(0x80);//設(shè)定地址指針在第一行第一個位置 }/*輸出數(shù)組顯示*/voidprint(uchar*str){ while(*str!='\0') { write_date(*str); delay(5); str++; }}/*清除上次輸入數(shù)據(jù)*/voidclear(){ uintnum; write_com(0x80+0x09); for(num=1;num<5;num++) { write_date(''); }}/*確認(rèn)鍵功能*/voidqueren(){ floatdata3=0.0; n=0; write_com(0x0c);//D2=1:開顯示；D1=0:不顯示光標(biāo)；D0=0：光標(biāo)不閃爍 WrToROM(number,0,4);delay(5); data2=number[0]*1000+number[1]*100+number[2]*10+number[3]; data3=data2/2500.0*4095; adata1=(int)data3; da_conver(adata1); }/*取消鍵功能*/voidquxiao(){ if(n==1&&s>1) { write_com(0x04);//D1=0:地址光標(biāo)減1；D0=0：整屏不移動 write_com(0x10);//光標(biāo)左移 write_date(''); i=i-1; s=s-1; write_com(0x06);//D1=1:地址光標(biāo)加1；D0=0：整屏不移動 write_com(0x14);//光標(biāo)右移 } }/*設(shè)置鍵功能*/voidshezhi(){ clear(); n=1; i=0; s=1; write_com(0x80+0x09); write_com(0x0f);//D2=1:開顯示；D1=1:顯示光標(biāo)；D0=1：光標(biāo)閃爍 write_com(0x06);//D1=1:地址光標(biāo)加1；D0=0：整屏不移動 }/*“+”鍵功能*/voidjia(){ n=0; //data2=number[0]*1000+number[1]*100+number[2]*10+number[3]; if(data2>=20&&data2<2000) { number[3]++; if(number[3]>9) { number[3]=0; number[2]++; if(number[2]>9) { number[2]=0; number[1]++; if(number[1]>9) { number[1]=0; number[0]++; } } } } elsenumber[3]=number[3]+0; write_com(0x0c);//D2=1:開顯示；D1=0:不顯示光標(biāo)；D0=0：光標(biāo)不閃爍 xianshi(1); WrToROM(number,0,4);delay(5); data2=number[0]*1000+number[1]*100+number[2]*10+number[3];}/*“-”鍵功能*/voidjian(){ n=0; //data2=number[0]*1000+number[1]*100+number[2]*10+number[3]; if(data2>20&&data2<=2000) { if(number[3]==0) { number[3]=9; if(number[2]==0) { number[2]=9; if(number[1]==0) { number[1]=9; number[0]--; } elsenumber[1]--; } elsenumber[2]--; } elsenumber[3]--; } elsenumber[3]=number[3]-0; write_com(0x0c);//D2=1:開顯示；D1=0:不顯示光標(biāo)；D0=0：光標(biāo)不閃爍xianshi(1); WrToROM(number,0,4);delay(5); data2=number[0]*1000+number[1]*100+number[2]*10+number[3];}/*恢復(fù)鍵功能*/voidhuifu(){ n=0; RdFromROM(number,0,4);//調(diào)用存儲數(shù)據(jù) xianshi(1); data2=number[0]*1000+number[1]*100+number[2]*10+number[3]; }/*主函數(shù)*/voidmain(){ init(); n=0; m=0; print(dis1); write_com(0x80+0x40); print(dis2); TCON=0x01;//INT0中斷初始化，負(fù)邊沿觸發(fā)方式，響應(yīng)中斷時自動撤除中斷標(biāo)志位 IP=0x01;//設(shè)置INT0為高優(yōu)先級中斷 IE=0x81;//開INT0中斷 number[0]=0; number[1]=0; number[2]=2; number[3]=0; xianshi(1); data2=number[0]*1000+number[1]*100+number[2]*10+number[3]; while(1) { if(n!=1)chuli(); }}/*中斷函數(shù)*/voidint0_interupt0()interrupt0{ uintkey; P2=0xff; key=P2; key=(key&0x0f); if(key==0x0A)shezhi(); elseif(key==0x0B)huifu(); elseif(key==0x0C)jia(); elseif(key==0x0D)jian(); elseif(key==0x0E)queren(); elseif(key==0x0F)quxiao(); elseif(key>=0||key<=9) { if(n==1&&s<5) { if(i>=4)i=0; number[i++]=key; write_date(key+0x30); s++; } }}英文翻譯原文FromtheworldofradiointheworldtoasinglechipModerncomputertechnology,industrialrevolution,theworldeconomyfromthecapitalintotheeconomytoknowledgeeconomy.Fieldintheelectronicworld,fromthe20thcenturyintotheeraofradiotocomputertechnologyinthe21stcenturyasthecenteroftheintelligentmoderneraofelectronicsystems.Thebasiccoreofmodernelectronicsystemsareembeddedcomputersystems(referredtoasembeddedsystems),whilethemicrocontrolleristhemosttypicalandmostextensiveandmostpopularembeddedsystems.1,radiohascreatedgenerationsofexcellenceintheworldFiftiesandsixtiesinthe20thcentury,themostrepresentativeoftheadvancedelectronictechnologyiswirelesstechnology,includingradiobroadcasting,radio,wirelesscommunications(telegraph),AmateurRadio,radiopositioning,navigationandothertelemetry,remotecontrol,remotetechnology.Earlythattheseelectronictechnologyledmanyyoungpeopleintothewonderfuldigitalworld,radioshowwasawonderfullife,theprospectsforscienceandtechnology.Electronicsbegantoformanewdiscipline.Radioelectronics,wirelesscommunicationsbegane-worldjourney.Radiotechnologynotonlyasarepresentativeofadvancedscienceandtechnologyatthattime,butalsofrompopulartoprofessionalfieldsofscience,attractingtheyoungpeopleandenablethemtofindalotoffun.Orefromthebedsidetothesuperheterodyneradioradio;reportissuedfromtheradioamateurradiostations;fromthetelephone,electricbelltotheradiocontrolmodel.Becamepopularyouthradiotechnology,scienceandtechnologyeducationisthemostpopularandmostextensivecontent.Sofar,manyoftheoldergenerationofengineers,experts,Professoroftheyearareradioenthusiasts.Funradiotechnology,radiotechnology,comprehensivetraining,frombasicprinciplesofelectronics,electroniccomponentstotheradio-basedremotecontrol,telemetry,remoteelectronicsystems,hastrainedseveralgenerationsoftechnologicalexcellence.2,fromthepopularityoftheradioeratoeraofelectronictechnologyTheearlyradiotechnologytopromotethedevelopmentofelectronictechnology,mostnotablyelectronicvacuumtubetechnologytosemiconductorelectronictechnology.Semiconductortechnologytorealizetheactivedeviceminiaturizationandlowcost,somorepopularwithradiotechnologyandinnovation,andtogreatlybroadenthenumberofnon-radio-controlareas.Thedevelopmentofsemiconductortechnologyleadtotheproductionofintegratedcircuit,formingthemodernelectronictechnologyleapfromdiscreteelectronicsintotheeraoferaofintegratedcircuits.Electronicdesignengineersnolongerusethediscreteelectroniccomponentsdesignedcircuitmodules,anddirectselectionofintegratedcircuitcomponentsconstituteasinglesystem.Theyfreedthedesignofthecircuitunitdedicatedtosystemdesign,greatlyliberatingtheproductiveforcesofscienceandtechnology,promotethewiderspreadofelectronicsystems.Semiconductorintegratedcircuitsinthebasicdigitallogiccircuitsfirstbreakthrough.Alargenumberofdigitallogiccircuits,suchasgates,counters,timers,shiftregisters,andanalogswitches,comparators,etc.,fortheelectronicdigitalcontrolprovidesexcellentconditionsforthetraditionalmechanicalcontroltoelectroniccontrol.Powerelectronicdevicesandsensortechnologytomaketheoriginaltotheradioasthecenterofelectronictechnologyturnedtomechanicalengineeringinthefieldofdigitalcontrolsystems,testinginthefieldofinformationcollection,movementofelectricalmechanicalservodrivecontrolobject.Semiconductorandintegratedcircuittechnologywillbringusauniversalageofelectronictechnology,wirelesstechnologyasthefieldofelectronictechnologyapartof.70yearsintothe20thcentury,largescaleintegratedcircuitappearedtopromotetheconventionalelectroniccircuitunit-specificelectronicsystemsdevelopment.Manyelectronicsystemsunitintoadedicatedintegrateddevicessuchasradios,electronicclocks,calculators,electronicengineersintheseareasfromthecircuit,thesystemdesignedtodebugintothedeviceselection,peripheraldeviceadapterwork.Electronictechnology,andelectronicproductsenriched,electronicengineerstoreducethedifficulty,butatthesametime,radiotechnology,electronictechnologyhasweakenedthecharm.Thedevelopmentofsemiconductorintegratedcircuitsclassicalelectronicsystemsarematuring,remaininthelargescaleintegratedcircuitotherthantheshrinkingofelectronictechnology,electronictechnologyisnottheolddaysofradiofuntimesandcomprehensiveengineeringtraining.3,fromtheclassiceraofelectronictechnologytomodernelectronictechnologyofthetimes80yearsintothe20thcentury,thecenturyofeconomicchangeisthemostimportantrevolutioninthecomputer.Thecomputerrevolutioninthemostimportantsignisthebirthofthecomputerembeddedapplications.Moderncomputernumericalrequirementsshouldbeborn.Alongperiodoftime,istodevelopthemassivecomputernumericalduty.Butthecomputershowsthelogicoperation,processing,control,attractingexpertsinthefieldofelectroniccontrol,theywantdevelopmenttomeetthecontrolobjectrequirementsofembeddedapplications,computersystems.Ifyoumeetthemassivedata-processingcomputersystemknownasgeneral-purposecomputersystem,thenthesystemcanbetheembeddedobject(suchasships,aircraft,motorcycles,etc.)inacomputersystemcalledtheembeddedcomputer.Clearly,boththedirectionoftechnologydevelopmentaredifferent.Theformerrequiresmassivedatastorage,handling,processingandanalysisofhigh-speeddatatransmission;whilethelatterrequiresreliableoperationinthetargetenvironment,theexternalphysicalparametersonhigh-speedacquisition,analysisandprocessinglogicandtherapidcontrolofexternalobjects.Itwilladdanearlygeneral-purposecomputerdataacquisitionunit,theoutputdrivercircuitreluctancetoformaheattreatmentfurnacetemperaturecontrolsystem.Thisgeneral-purposecomputersystemisnotpossibleformostoftheelectronicsystemused,andtomakegeneral-purposecomputersystemmeetstherequirementsofembeddedapplications,willinevitablyaffectthedevelopmentofhigh-speednumericprocessing.Inordertosolvethecontradictionbetweenthedevelopmentofcomputertechnology,inthe20thcentury70s,semiconductorexpertsanotherway,infullaccordancewiththeelectronicsystemembeddedcomputerapplicationrequirements,amicro-computer'sbasicsystemonachip,theformationoftheearlySCM(SingleChipMicrocomputer).Aftertheadventofsinglechipinthecomputerindustrybegantoappearinthegeneral-purposecomputersystemsandembeddedsystemsthetwobranches.Sincethen,boththeembeddedsystem,orgeneral-purposecomputersystemshavebeendevelopedrapidly.Althoughtheearlygeneral-purposecomputerconvertedtheembeddedcomputersystems,andrealembeddedsystembeganintheemergenceofSCM.Becausethemicrocontrollerisdesignedspecificallyforembeddedapplications,theMCUcanonlyachieveembeddedapplications.MCUembeddedapplicationsthatbestmeetenvironmentalrequirements,forexample,chip-levelphysicalspace,large-scaleintegratedcircuitslow-cost,goodperipheralinterfacebusandoutstandingcontrolofinstruction.Acomputersystemmicrocontrollercore,embeddedelectronicsystems,intelligentelectronicsystemsforthefoundation.Therefore,thecurrentsinglechipelectronicsysteminwidespreaduseofelectronicsystemstoenablerapidtransitiontotheclassicalmodernintelligentelectronicsystems.4,singlechiptocreatethemoderneraofelectronicsystems1AmicrocontrollerandembeddedSystemsEmbeddedcomputersystemsfromembeddedapplications,embeddedsystemsforearlygeneral-purposecomputeradaptedtotheobjectsystemembeddedinavarietyofelectronicsystems,suchastheship'sautopilot,enginemonitoringsystems.Embeddedsystemisprimarilyacomputersystem,followedbyitbeingembeddedintotheobjectsystem,objectsintheobjectsystemtoachieverequireddatacollection,processing,statusdisplay,theoutputcontrolfunctions,asembeddedintheobjectsystem,embeddedsystemcomputerdoesnothaveanindependentformandfunctionofthecomputer.SCMisentirelyinaccordancewiththerequirementsofembeddedsystemdesign,soSCMisthemosttypicalembeddedsystems.SCMistheearlyapplicationoftechnicalrequirementsinaccordancewiththedesignofembeddedcomputerchipintegration,hencethenamesinglechip.Subsequently,theMCUembeddedapplicationstomeetthegrowingdemandsofitscontrolfunctionsandperipheralinterfacefunctions,inparticular,highlightthecontrolfunction,sohasinternationalnamethesinglechipmicrocontroller(MCU,MicrocontrollerUnit).2MCUmodernelectronicsystemsconsistingofelectronicsystemswillbecomemainstreamMCUisadevice-levelcomputersystems,itcanbeembeddedintoanyobjectsystemtoachieveintelligentcontrol.Smalltomicro-machinery,suchaswatches,hearingaids.Low-costintegrateddevice-level,low-toafewdollars,tendollars,enoughtospreadtomanycivilianSCMappliances,electronictoystogo.SCMconstitutesamodernelectronicsystemshasin-depthtothehouseholds,arechangingourlives,suchashomeaudio,televisions,washingmachines,microwaveovens,telephones,securitysystems,andairconditioners.SCMinnovationtheoriginalelectronicsystems,suchasmicrowaveovensuseSCM,itcaneasilysettheclock,theprogrammemory,powercontrol;airconditionerafteruseofSCMisnotonlyconvenientforremoteparametersetting,runningautomaticallytransform,frequencycontrolcanbeachieved.Atpresent,manyhouseholdappliancessuchasVCD,DVDonlysinglechiptoachieveitsfunctionmayoccurbefore.3EmbeddedSystemsledtheentireelectronicsindustryCurrentelectroniccomponentsindustry,inadditiontomicroprocessors,embeddedsystemdevices,themostmodernelectronicsystemsaroundthesupportingcomponentsindustries,suchaskeysusedtomeetthehuman-computerinteraction,LED/LCDdisplaydrivers,LED/LCDdisplayunits,voiceintegrateddevice,etc.,tomeettherequirementsofdataacquisitionchanneldigitalsensor,ADC,dataacquisitionmodule,signalconditioningmodulestomeettheservodrivecontrolintheDAC,solidstaterelays,steppermotorcontroller,frequencycontrolunit,etc.,tomeetthecommunicationrequirementsvariousbusdriver,levelconverters.Electroniccomponentsintheembeddedsystemsworld,drivenbyembeddedapplicationsalongfullymeetrequirementsofmodernelectronicsystemsdevelopment.Thismakestheoriginalclassicworldofincreasinglysmallelectronicsystems.Practitionersinthevariouselectronicsystemstomodernelectronicsystemsasearlyaspossibletostay.5,SCMwillcreateanewgenerationofelectroniceliteIfthe50's,radiohascreatedseveralgenerationsoftheworldelite,thentoday'sSCMwillcreateanewgenerationofe-worldelite.1AsinglechipwithyoutotheintelligentelectronicsIfweasadeadclassicelectronicsystemelectronicsystem,thentheintelligentmodernelectronicsystemsisa"life"oftheelectronicsystem.ApplicationSystemofhardware,electronicsystems,"body",microcontrollerapplications,theapplicationgivesit"life."Forexample,inthedesignofintelligentmachinesmonitordisplay,itcanbootthesystemself-testresultsshow,nottoentertheworkshowsavarietyofstand-bystate,equipmentrun-timedisplayrunningprocesses,workcanbedisplayedaftertheendofthecurrentresults,selfresults,rawdata,reportsandothervariousprocessing.Unattended,itcanrunautomaticallygivenavarietyoffunctions.Intelligentelectronicsystemsfortheendlessrealm,oftenwithoutadditionalhardwareresourcescanachieveallkindsofrenovatedfunction.Itisalsopresentinmanyhouseholdappliancesfeaturealargenumberofadditionalfactors.2singlechipcomputerwithyoutotheindustrialareaThe21stcenturyisthecenturyofhumanityintothecomputerage,manypeoplearenotusedinthemanufactureofcomputeristhecomputer.Peopleusingthecomputer,onlythepeopleengagedinembeddedsystemapplicationsreallyintotheinternalcomputersystemhardwareandsoftwaresystems,canwetrulyunderstandthenatureofthecomputer'sintelligenceandgrasptheknowledgeofintelligentdesign.MCUapplicationsstartingfromthelearningtechnologyapplicationsintoday'scomputersoftwaretraining,hardwareandtechnicalpersonnelofoneofthebestroads.3SCMbringyouintothemostattractiveinthedigitalworldCharmingsinglechiptoenableyoutoexperiencethetruemeaningofthecomputer,youcandesignintelligentmicrocontrollerhands-ontoys,differentapplicationscanbedesignedtoachievedifferentfunctions.Bothsoftwaredesignandhardwaremakingthere,bothmentalandphysical,butalsohands.Primarylevelcandevelopintelligenttoys,withmacroprogramming.Intermediatelevelscandevelopsomeintelligentcontroller,suchascomputermouse,smartcars,allkindsofremotecontrolmodel.Highlevelscanbedevelopedrobots,suchasrobotsoccer,thedevelopmentofindustrialcontrolunits,networkcommunications,andhigh-levellanguagewithassemblylanguageordesignapplication.Microcontrollerandembeddedsystemsaroundtheformationofthefutureoftheelectronicsindustry,willprovideavastworldofelectronicfans,anevenbroaderthanthecurrentwirelessworld,richer,moredurable,moreattractiveinthedigitalworld.Plungeintothemicrocontrollerintheworldto,willbenefityourlife.英文翻譯譯文從無線電世界到單片機(jī)世界現(xiàn)代計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的產(chǎn)業(yè)革命,將世界經(jīng)濟(jì)從資本經(jīng)濟(jì)帶入到知識經(jīng)濟(jì)時代.在電子世界領(lǐng)域,從20世紀(jì)中的無線電時代也進(jìn)入到21世紀(jì)以計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)為中心的智能化現(xiàn)代電子系統(tǒng)時代.現(xiàn)代電子系統(tǒng)的基本核心是嵌入式計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)(簡稱嵌入式系統(tǒng)),而單片機(jī)是最典型,最廣泛,最普及的嵌入式系統(tǒng).一,無線電世界造就了幾代英才在20世紀(jì)五六十年代,最具代表的先進(jìn)的電子技術(shù)就是無線電技術(shù),包括無線電廣播,收音,無線通信(電報),業(yè)余無線電臺,無線電定位,導(dǎo)航等遙測,遙控,遙信技術(shù).早期就是這些電子技術(shù)帶領(lǐng)著許多青少年步入了奇妙的電子世界,無線電技術(shù)展示了當(dāng)時科技生活美妙的前景.電子科學(xué)開始形成了一門新興學(xué)科.無線電電子學(xué),無線通信開始了電子世界的歷程.無線電技術(shù)不僅成為了當(dāng)時先進(jìn)科學(xué)技術(shù)的代表,而且從普及到專業(yè)的科學(xué)領(lǐng)域,吸引了廣大青少年,并使他們從中找到了無窮的樂趣.從床頭的礦石收音機(jī)到超外差收音機(jī);從無線電發(fā)報到業(yè)余無線電臺;從電話,電鈴到無線電操縱模型.無線電技術(shù)成為當(dāng)時青少年科普,科技教育最普及,最廣泛的內(nèi)容.至今,許多老一輩的工程師、專家、教授當(dāng)年都是無線電愛好者.無線電技術(shù)的無窮樂趣,無線電技術(shù)的全面訓(xùn)練,從電子學(xué)基本原理,電子元器件基礎(chǔ)到無線電遙控,遙測,遙信電子系統(tǒng)制作,培養(yǎng)出了幾代科技英才.二,從無線電時代到電子技術(shù)普及時代早期的無線電技術(shù)推動了電子技術(shù)的發(fā)展,其中最主要的是真空管電子技術(shù)向半導(dǎo)體電子技術(shù)的發(fā)展.半導(dǎo)體電子技術(shù)使有源器件實(shí)現(xiàn)了微小型化和低成本,使無線電技術(shù)有了更大普及和創(chuàng)新,并大大地開闊了許多非無線電的控制領(lǐng)域.半導(dǎo)體技術(shù)發(fā)展導(dǎo)致集成電路器件的產(chǎn)生,形成了近代電子技術(shù)的飛躍,電子技術(shù)從分立器件時代走進(jìn)了電路集成時代.電子設(shè)計(jì)工程師不再用分立的電子元器件設(shè)計(jì)電路單元,而直接選擇集成化的電路單元器件構(gòu)成系統(tǒng).他們從電路單元設(shè)計(jì)中解放出來,致力于系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì),大大地解放了科技生產(chǎn)力,促進(jìn)了電子系統(tǒng)更大范圍的普及.半導(dǎo)體集成電路首先在基本數(shù)字邏輯電路上取得突破.大量數(shù)字邏輯電路,如門電路,計(jì)數(shù)器,定時器,移位寄存器以及模擬開關(guān),比較器等,為電子數(shù)字控制提供了極佳的條件,使傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)械控制轉(zhuǎn)向電子控制.功率電子器件以及傳感技術(shù)的發(fā)展使原先以無線電為中心的電子技術(shù)開始轉(zhuǎn)向工程領(lǐng)域中的機(jī)械系統(tǒng)的數(shù)字控制,檢測領(lǐng)域中的信息采集,運(yùn)動機(jī)械對象的電氣伺服驅(qū)動控制.半導(dǎo)體及其集成電路技術(shù)將我們帶入了一個電子技術(shù)普及時代,無線電技術(shù)成為電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的一個部分.進(jìn)入20世紀(jì)70年代,大規(guī)模集成電路出現(xiàn),促進(jìn)了常規(guī)的電子電路單元的專用電子系統(tǒng)發(fā)展.許多專用電子系統(tǒng)單元變成了集成化器件,如收音機(jī),電子鐘,計(jì)算器等,在這些領(lǐng)域的電子工程師從電路,系統(tǒng)的精心設(shè)計(jì),調(diào)試轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槠骷x擇,外圍器件適配工作.電子技術(shù)發(fā)展了,電子產(chǎn)品豐富了,電子工程師的難度減少了,但與此同時,無線電技術(shù),電子技術(shù)的魅力卻削弱了.半導(dǎo)體集成電路的發(fā)展使經(jīng)典電子系統(tǒng)日趨完善,留在大規(guī)模集成電路以外