高三英語高考詳談同位語從句及練習人教

GrammarAppositive.同位語是句子成分的一種,它位于名詞、代詞后面,說明它們的性質(zhì)和情況,它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞性短語或從句充當。同位語theAppositive語法精解(一).同位語的表現(xiàn)形式有以下幾種：(1)名詞Tom,ourmonitor,isahandsomeboy.(2)代詞Imyselfwilldotheexperiment.(3)數(shù)詞Sheistheoldestamongthemsix..(4)從句Hetoldmethenewsthattheplanehadexploded.他告訴我飛機爆炸的消息。(5)由suchas,thatis引導Somesubjects,suchasmathsandphysics,areverydifficulttolearn.某些學科,例如數(shù)學和物理,是很難學的。.(6)由of引導ThecityofBeijinghasbeengreatlychangedsince2000.自從2000年以來,北京市發(fā)生了很大的變化。.(7)由or引導Thefreezingtemperature,orfreezingpoint,isthetemperatureatwhichwaterfreezesunderordinarypressure.結(jié)冰溫度即冰點,是水在常壓下結(jié)冰時的溫度。.同位語從句theAppositiveclause(1)同位語從句的定義在復合句中用作同位語的從句稱為同位語從句。同位語從句是名詞性從句的一種。它在句中起同位語的作用。語法精解(二).它一般放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt,promise,question等名詞的后面,對前面的名詞作進一步的解釋,說明前面名詞的具體含義。引導同位語從句的詞有連詞that,連接副詞how,when,where,whether等。.e.g.Thehope

thathemayrecoverisnotgoneyet.

Theproblem

whetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.Ihavenoidea

whenhewillcomeback..同位語從句有時被別的詞把它和名詞隔開：注意:ThestorygoesthatWilliamTellkilledthekingwithanarrow.Wordcamethattheirteamhadwon..⑵同位語從句的表現(xiàn)形式:①由that引導Thefactthatyouhaven’tenoughtimetodotheworkissimplyunbelievable.Thehopethathemaycomehereisnotgoneyet..ThenewsthathehasbeenelectedpresidentoftheUnitedStatesistrue.Thetruththatheavyobjectsandlightobjectsfallatthesamespeedisknowntoall.Theproblemthatshelaterdevelopedaseriouslungdiseasebotheredscientists..②由whether引導Thequestionwhetherweneedmoretimetodotheworkhasnotbeendiscussed.③由when引導Ihavenoideawhentheywillgo..⑶有時可用namely(即),thatistosay(也就是說),inotherwords(換句話說),thatis(那就是),forexample等引出同位語,說明其前面的名詞或代詞。有時同位語直接跟在名詞或代詞的后面。.

Hetoldusthegoodnews,namely,themuseumisopentoall.ThereisonlyonewayofimprovingyourEnglish,thatis,topracticemore.AltogetherDollyhadlivedforsixyears,halfthelengthofthelifeoftheoriginalsheep..⑷同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別:同位語從句與定語從句在使用中常?；煜?我們可以從以下幾個方面區(qū)別它們:①同位語從句說明的名詞大都是抽象名詞;定語從句所修飾、限定的名詞或代詞有抽象的也有不抽象的。.WeexpressthehopethattheywillcometovisitChinaagain.(同位語從句)Thosewhowanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.(定語從句).②同位語從句所說明的名詞與從句沒有邏輯關(guān)系,定語從句所限定的名詞是從句邏輯上的主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語等。.Thenewsthattheywonthematchistrue.(同位語從句,news和從句沒有邏輯關(guān)系)Thenewsthatyoutoldusyesterdayistrue.(定語從句,news是told的邏輯賓語).Theorderwhenweshouldgobackhasn’treachedus.(同位語從句,order和從句沒有邏輯關(guān)系)ThedaywhenNewChinawasfoundedwillneverbeforgotten.(定語從句,day是founded的邏輯狀語).③同位語從句主要由連接詞that引導,有時也可用when,where,who,whether等引導;定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導。Thenheraisedthequestionwheretheyweretogetthemachineneeded.Doyouknowtheplacewherehewasborn?.④引導同位語從句的連詞不可省略;引導定語從句的關(guān)系代詞作賓語時?？墒÷?。Thenewsthathehasbeenelectedmonitorofourclassistrue.Thenews(that)hetoldmeisexciting..⑤同位語從句與先行詞一般可變成一個完整句子,謂語動詞用be的不同形式。Heheardthenewsthattheirteamhadwon.

此句可以變?yōu)橐粋€表語從句:Thenewswasthattheirteamhadwon..練習1.TwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.Thefact

thattwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadiet

worriestheirparentsandteachersalot.把下面兩個句子連成一個含同位語從句的復合句。.2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonafour-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight.Weheardthenewslastnight

thattheQueenofEnglandwasonafour-dayvisitinchina..3.Teenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyChineseparentsholdtheview.ManyChineseparentsholdtheview

thatteenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline..4.Timetravelispossible./Wehavenoscientificprooffortheidea.Wehavenoscientificprooffortheidea

thattimetravelispossible..5.Studentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople.Thesuggestion

thatstudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople..1.Wedon’tthinkyoutwohavemetbefore.

我們想你們兩位以前沒有見過面。(賓語從句)翻譯句子,并說明這個名詞性從句的作用。.2.ItiscertainthatJohnwilldowellinhisexam.

約翰肯定會考好。(主語從句)3.Whethertheyarecomingornotdon’tmattertoomuch.

他們來不來無關(guān)緊要。(主語從句).4.Nowiswhenweneedhimmost.

現(xiàn)在是我們最需要他的時候。(表語從句)5.Ihavenoideahowshegotthroughtheforest.

我不知道她是如何穿過那個森林的。(同位語從句).5.Thefactthattheywontheprizemadeushappy.

他們獲獎的事實令我們高興。(同位語從句).

用適當?shù)倪B接代詞或連接副詞填空。1.Ican’tdecide_____bookIshouldbuy.2.Chinaisnolonger____itusedtobe.3.Iamveryinterestedin____heimprovedhisEnglishinsuchashorttime.4._____weneedismoremoney.5.Thetruth_____theearthturnsaroundthesunisknowntous.whichwhathowWhatthat.1.Oneofthemheldtheview__thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhatC.thatD.whether單詞填空.2.Thereason___hehastogois___hismotherisillinbed.A,why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because3.Theyreceivedorders___theworkbedonerightaway.A.whichB.thatC./D.when.4.Youcantaketheseat____isfree.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.inwhich5.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome____Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where.6.He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation__hewaslikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.why7.That’stheonlything___hecandonowA.whichB.allC.thatD.what.8.Informationhasbeenputforward___moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as9.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise___hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether.10.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars____roadconditionsneed____.A.that;tobeimprovedB.which;tobeimprovedC.where;improvingD.when;improving.1.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise____hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.(2004春季上海)

A.whichB.that

C.whatD.whether答案B這是一個同位語從句，解釋promise的具體內(nèi)容，要用that引導。高考鏈接.2.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars____roadconditionneed____.(2003年上海)

A.that;tobeimproved

B.which;tobeimproved

C.where;tobeimproved

D.when;improving解析：答案為Athat引導同位語從句說明“新問題”的內(nèi)容。Need后既可接動名詞主動式，也可接動詞不定式被動式作賓語。.3.There’safeelinginme___we’llneverknowwhataUFOis–notever.(2002年上海)A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what解析：答案A同位語從句thatwe’llneverknowwhataUFOis–notever作afeeling的同位語，解釋afeeling的具體內(nèi)容。That連接同位語從句時只起連接作用，不作從句的任何成分。.4.Informationhasbeenputforward___moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.(2001年上海)A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as解析：答案BThat引導從句作information的同位語，解釋information的具體內(nèi)容。.5.ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo____Icantosavethem.(NMET2000春季北京)A.whateverB.thatC.whichD.whichever解析：答案A。do后接賓語從句，賓語從句Ican后省略了do，缺少賓語。Whatever在賓語從句中作賓語。.Thankyou...9、靜夜四無鄰，荒居舊業(yè)貧。。2023/1/112023/1/11Wednesday,January11,202310、雨中黃葉樹，燈下白頭人。。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/111/11/20239:51:49AM11、以我獨沈久，愧君相見頻。。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/11Jan-2311-Jan-2312、故人江海別，幾度隔山川。。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/11Wednesday,January11,202313、乍見翻疑夢，相悲各問年。。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/112023/1/111/11/202314、他鄉(xiāng)生白發(fā)，舊國見青山。。11一月20232023/1/112023/1/112023/1/1115、比不了得就不比，得不到的就不要。。。一月232023/1/112023/1/112023/1/111/11/202316、行動出成果，工作出財富。。2023/1/112023/1/1111January202317、做前，能夠環(huán)視四周；做時，你只能或者最好沿著以腳為起點的射線向前。。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/112023/1/119、沒有失敗，只有暫時停止成功！。2023/1/112023/1/11Wednesday,January11,202310、很多事情努力了未必有結(jié)果，但是不努力卻什么改變也沒有。。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/111/11/20239:51:49AM11、成功就是日復一日那一點點小小努力的積累。。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/11Jan-2311-Jan-2312、世間成事，不求其絕對圓滿，留一份不足，可得無限完美。。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/11Wednesday,January11,202313、不知香積寺，數(shù)里入云峰。。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/112023/1/111/11/2023