LEARNING英語學(xué)習(xí)中意群的構(gòu)建

STRUCTUREOFGROUPMEANINGINENGLISHLEARNING(英語學(xué)習(xí)中意群的構(gòu)建)（一）意群的構(gòu)建在單項(xiàng)選擇題中制作：張利青意群指的是在英語交際中表達(dá)一個(gè)詞組、一個(gè)句子或一個(gè)段落的完整的意義。意群對于學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)語言的過程中理解句子和段落大意以及文章中心思想都有很重要的作用。在意群構(gòu)建學(xué)習(xí)中，如下幾點(diǎn)是關(guān)鍵：a.構(gòu)建意群的整體性(completion)各個(gè)意群是一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體，在意義上不能把它們分割開來。如：Jennyispleasantto_____.A.sayB.speakC.talkD.talkto答案D，強(qiáng)調(diào)了整體性，因?yàn)橐馊簍alktosb.與前面的Jenny有關(guān)。又如D------Whomwouldyourather_____withyou,MaryorJune?------________.A.go,NeitherB.havego,EitherC.havegone,EitherD.havetogo,Both答案B，強(qiáng)調(diào)了意群是havesb.dosth.,與前面的whom有構(gòu)成整體的關(guān)系。B

b.重視意群的分裂性(separation)。即把一個(gè)意群的整體分裂開來。如：Johnplaysthepiano______,ifnotbetterthan,David.A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas答案B，說明意群的整體是，JohnplaysthepianoaswellasDavid,只是中間插了一個(gè)狀語notbetterthan(=ifhedoesn’tplayitbetterthanDavid.)把意群的整體分裂開來。B又如：Thefellowinrags,_____nobodyseemedtosayanything,triedtoexplainthathewasnotabeggar.towhomB.aboutwhomC.whoD.whom答案A，說明Thefellowinragstriedtoexplain…，是意群的整體,只是中間夾了一個(gè)非限制性定語從句。如果不注意意群的構(gòu)建的話，就會很容易誤選B答案。AC.關(guān)注意群的位移(displacement)這種現(xiàn)象經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在倒裝句.感嘆句和疑問句中，如：

Notuntilallthefishintheriverdied____howseriousthepollutionwas.

A.didthepeoplerealize

B.thepeoplerealized

C.thevillagersdidrealized

D.didn’tthevillagersrealized

A答案A。這是個(gè)否定詞位移的倒裝句，原本的意群是

not…until…,即Peopledidn’trealizehowseriousthepollutionwasuntilallthefishintheriverdied.又如：Howhappythechildrenare____eachotheragain.A.

seeB.toseeC.sawD.seen答案B，表明原本的意群是BThechildrenarehappytoseeeachother.只是在感嘆句中把happy作為被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分調(diào)到前面去了。d.把握意群的省略(omission)。即把意群中的某個(gè)部分省去，意義還是完整的如：Ididn’tnoticedituntil_____.A.

itistooB.beingtoolateC.toolateD.betoolate答案C，表明完整的意群是Cuntilitwastoolate.又如：Youcanhaveanothertwodays’leave,if/whennecessary.很明顯if/whennecessary的完整意群是if/whenitisnecessary.e.留意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(punctuationmarks)如逗號，分號；等:1.Johnwentuptotheboy,pattinghimon

theshoulder,and___

himaway.BA.takingB.tookC.totakeD.take2.LastSunday,ImetMarry,______wasmyfriend.3.LastSunday,ImetMarry;_____wasmyfriend.4.LastSunday,ImetMarry,and____wasmyfriend.A.whoB.sheC.herD.whomABBExercises1.Thoseplasticflowerslookso____thatmanypeoplethinktheyarereal.2.---Tom,youaresolazy.Thisjoboughttohavebeenfinishedhoursago.---Sorry,Iknowit_____.A.ShouldhavedoneB.musthavebeenC.oughttobeD.shouldhavebeencD3.Whenthecountrycallsyouforhelp,you____.A.can’tgoB.shouldnotbutgoC.can’’thelpbutgoD.can’tbutgo4.---Isthehouseattheendofthestreetstillforsale?---No,it___.DD5.Marytriedhardtofindajobbutshehadno___.A.troubleB.luckC.timeD.chance6.---Doyouenjoythesetwonovels?---Ishouldif____ofthemwerewrittenlively.A.eitherB.eachC.everyD.allAB7.They____100,000dollarsfortheoldhouse.Andnowthey‘veboughtanewone.8.Theold