英語三大從句?？键c

三大從句

高考?？键c名詞性從句一.相關(guān)概念1.名詞：表示人或事物的名稱的詞2.名詞的句法作用：名詞在句中主要作主語,賓語,表語和同位語。3.名詞性從句：在英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z、賓語、表語和同位語，由一個句子來充當(dāng),這個句子就叫:名詞性從句。1.Whenwewillstart

isnotclear.2.MrsBlackwon’tbelieve

thathersonhasbecomeathief.3.

Myideais

thatweshoulddoitnow.4.Ihadnoidea

thatyouwereherfriend.主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句二.名詞性從句的種類連接詞：that,whether,if（引導(dǎo)從句，不作成分；that無義，whether/if“是否”）2.連接代詞：who(whom),what,which,

whosewhoever(whomever),whatever,whichever(作主語/賓語/表語/定語)

3.連接副詞：when,where,why,how（作狀語）

三.連接詞,連接代詞,連接副詞1.Thathesaidnothingsurprisedeverybodypresent.

（that引導(dǎo)主語從句，不作成分，常用it作形式主語）

It

suprisedeverybodypresentthathesaidnothing.2.Whathesaidatthemeetingsurprisedeverybodypresent.(what引導(dǎo)主從，并在從句作said的賓語)

3.Theproblemiswhetherwefinishthetaskontime.（whether引導(dǎo)表從，不作成分，表示“是否”）4.Wherehelived

isunknowntous.（where引導(dǎo)主從，作live的狀語）名詞性從句六大考點考點1.that與whatWhatwecan’tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.

Thatanewteacherwillcometoourschoolistrue.小結(jié)：that

只引導(dǎo)從句，無實義，不充當(dāng)成分

what既引導(dǎo)從句，又要在從句中充當(dāng)成分（主語/賓語/表語）1._______Chinahasalargepopulationisknowntousall.2._______isknowntousallis_____Chinahasalargepopulation.3.______isknowntousallthatChinahasalargepopulation.4.______isknowntousall,Chinahasalargepopulation.比較句2，句3和句4thatWhat

ThatItAs1）____youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether2)____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.

A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter

☆☆高考題選萃考點2.用if/whether填空1.Idon’tknow_______I’llbefreetomorrow.

2.Idon’tknow_______ornotI’llbefreetomorrow.3.Thequestionis________thisbookisworthwriting.4.Ihavenoidea

__hewillcomeornot.whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhether5.Itdepends

on_________wewillhaveenoughmoney.6._______theycandoitmatterslittletous.7.Theyhavediscussedforhours_______theywillholdthemeeting.8.Ithasnotbeendecided________togo.whetherWhetherwhether

whether小結(jié)：只用whether引導(dǎo)從句的情況主從位句首；表語從句；同位語從句；介詞后面的賓從；后面緊跟ornot；作discuss的賓語從句；后面有todo不定式考點3.whoever/whatever/whichever/what/who引導(dǎo)名詞性從句1.__________wassaidheremustbekeptsecret.2.Shewouldliketomakefriendswith__________sharesherinterest.3.Youmaychoose____________________you’dliketogowith.4.Take___________seatyoulikeintheclassroom.5._______weneedismoretime.6._______madethelongdistancecalltohimisnotimportant.WhateverwhicheverWhowhoeverWhatwhoever/whomever

小結(jié)whoever=anyonewho…“任何……的人”whatever=anythingthat…“任何……的物”whichever=any…that…

任何…的人或物”

（已知范圍內(nèi)的或上文提到過的）1.Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.

=Anythingthatwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.2.Shewouldliketomakefriendswithwhoeversharesherinterest.

=Shewouldliketomakefriendswithanyonewhosharesherinterest.3.Takewhicheverseatintheclassroomyoulike.

=Takeanyseatintheclassroomthatyoulike.

1.____hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.A.Who

B.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever高考題選萃

2.

Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild

____heorshewants.

A.howeverB.whateverC.whichever

D.whenever☆1.

Itis

clear/necessary/certain/true

that…

Itisnecessary/important/strange/natural+that

(should)+do2.

Itisapity/ashame/anhonor

that…

3.

It

iswellknown/reported/thought/said

that…Itis（建議/要求/堅持/命令）suggested/requested/insisted/ordered+that(should)+do考點4.it作形式主語,形式賓語it作形式主語

it作形式賓語“6123”結(jié)構(gòu)find/feel/make/think/consider/believe/+it+

adj/n.+that…/todo…/doingIthink

it

necessary

thatwetakeexerciseeveryday./totakeexerciseeveryday.Ifinditnousearguingwithhim.1.I’vegottomakeclearthathetoldalie.2.他發(fā)現(xiàn)很難使別人理解他.

Hefound_____________________________3.我認(rèn)為我們保持冷靜很重要.

Ithink____________________________.

itdifficulttomakehimselfunderstood.ititimportantthatweshouldkeepcalm

考點5.主語是thereason，引導(dǎo)表從用thatThereasonwhy...isthat...This/It/Thatisbecause...(原因)This/It/Thatiswhy...（結(jié)果）

今天早上他遲到的原因是因為路上行人太多.

1.Thereasonwhyhewaslatethismorningisbecausethattherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.2.Thereasonwhyhewaslatethismorningisthattherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.3.Hewaslatethismorning.Thatwasbecausetherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.(原因)4.Therewasalotoftrafficontheroad.Thatwaswhyhewaslatethismorning.（結(jié)果）考點6.that引導(dǎo)同從和定從的區(qū)別1.that引導(dǎo)同位語從句在抽象名詞后面,說明或解釋該名詞的內(nèi)容.that引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句是修飾或限制前面名詞的。2.that引導(dǎo)同位語從句中成分完整，that只引導(dǎo)從句，不作任何成分，但不可省略。that引導(dǎo)定語從句中成分殘缺，that引導(dǎo)從句，并在句中作主語、賓語、表語。當(dāng)that在從句中作賓語時，可以省略。1.Thesuggestionthatheshouldnotgothereisofgreatvalue.2.Thesuggestion（that）hemade

isofgreatvalue.3.Thefact

thathewonthefirstplacecan’tbedenied.4.Thefact（that）hetoldme

excitedme.（that在定語從句中作told的賓語，可以省略）定語性從句相關(guān)概念：1.限制性定語從句：是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。這種從句和主句關(guān)系十分密切，寫時不用逗號分開。Eg:Iwastheonlypersonwhowasinvitedinmyoffice.非限制性定語從句：和主句關(guān)系不很密切，只是對先行詞作些附加說明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。這種從句，寫時往往逗號分開。Eg:ThatisMr.Wang,whosedaughterteachesEnglishatamiddleschool.注意：引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞不可用that，指人時用who(主語),whom(賓語)，指物時須用which.考點一:如何判定用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞1、找出定語從句中是否主語和賓語都齊全。如齊全用關(guān)系副詞。用什么關(guān)系副詞看先行詞（主句中的名詞或代詞）。Iwillneverforgetthedays(______Istayedwithyou).when____JurassicParkisaboutapark______(averyrichmankeepsdifferentKindsofdinosaurs).___________where1958wastheyear______(Spielbergmadehisfirstrealfilm).__________Pleasegivemethereason_____(youmadesuchagreatsuccess).________whenwhyMorningisthebesttime______(youpractisereadingaloud)._________whenDoyourememberthelake_____(youfirstmetyourgirlfriend.）___________where2、如定語從句中缺賓語，確定定語從句的謂語動詞是不是及物動詞，如是，用關(guān)系代詞，如不是，用關(guān)系副詞。

Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse______(thegreatwriterusedtolive)._______whereinwhichThehouse______(theybuiltin1987)stayedupintheearthquake.whichthat/______Luckilynoneofthepeople_____(Iknow)werekilledintheearthquake.

whowhomthat/_____Myfatherwasbornintheyear______(theSecondWorldWarbrokeout)._________________________inwhichwhen3、如定語從句中謂語結(jié)構(gòu)是被動結(jié)構(gòu)，有主語，則用關(guān)系副詞。Kunmingisabeautifulplace______(flowersareseenalltheyearround).whereOctober1stistheday________(newChina

wasfounded).whenThewindow(______wasopenedthismorning)hasbeenbroken.WhichthatThemeeting(______willbeheldnextweek)isveryimportant.Whichthat考點二：that和which的選擇

(1)that指物時一般可以與which互換，但在下列情況引導(dǎo)詞只用that，不用which。

①當(dāng)先行詞為all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代詞時，如：

a.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.b.Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.c.Thereislittle(that)theenemycandobesidessurrender.②先行詞被all,every,no,some,any,little,much修飾時：

I’vereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.③先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。Thisisthebestbook(that)I’veeverread.Thisisthefirstcomposition(that)hehaswritteninEnglish.④先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast修飾時。Thatwhitefloweristheonlyone(that)Ireallylike.Thisistheverybook(that)Iwanttofind.⑤當(dāng)有兩個或兩個以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時，這個定語從句要用that而不用who(whom)和which引導(dǎo)。如：Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools

（that）hehadvisited.⑥先行詞是疑問詞who,which,what

時，定語從句用that而不用who,(whom)和which引導(dǎo)。Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesnotknowthis?Whatthatisonthetablebelongstome?⑦當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時：

Maryisnolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobe.Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.

Which可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，可用于介詞后，其先行詞可是一個詞,也可是整個主句或主句的某一部分。

1Sheheardaterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that2.Theweatherturnedouttobegood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it（2）只用which的情況

B

B考點三：as與which引導(dǎo)的定語從句※對這兩個詞作如下歸納：

1、如果定語放主句后，即引用as也可以用which.Hefailedtotheexam,as(=which)isnatural.Sheseemsascientist,as(=which)infactsheis.Grammarisnotadeadrule,which(=as)Ihavesaidbefore.

2、如果從句在主句前，這時要用as而不用which引導(dǎo)定語從句。如：

Asweallknow,hisparentswerekilledinthewar.Asweallknow,

theearthisround.3.用于thesame…as…,such…as…，as…as…,so…as…中，一般用as。e.g.Suchbooks

asyoutellme

areinteresting.ThisisthesamebookasIlentyouyesterday.4.as代表前面主句意思時，有“正如…”之意，而which沒有此意思，從句中的動詞常是expect,know,see,think,want,suppose等。

Hewonthematch,aswehadexpected.Heagreedtotheplan,aswastobeexpected.Thepolicewerelookingforhim,ashethought.Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.5.as在從句中作主語時，后面常接行為動詞的被動語態(tài)，如beknown，besaid，bereported等，如從句中行為動詞是主動語態(tài)，一般要用which作主語。e.g.Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.6.如果從句的內(nèi)容對主句內(nèi)容起著消極作用，或者說導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，則用which.a.Hecheatedhisfriendofmachmoney,whichwasverydisgraceful.b.Hecamebacklate,whichmadehismotherworried.考點四：關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定如何選定介詞:1.根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系，請體會：e.g.Isthatthenewspaper

forwhichyouoftenwritearticles?2.根據(jù)從句中動詞或形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配，如：e.g.CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI’msure.3.根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣，請體會：e.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.4.非限制性定與從句中，要表示先行詞的一部分時，可用“數(shù)詞/代詞+of+關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，如：e.g.Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing.5.Whose從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為“of+關(guān)系代詞”型，如：e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.

Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.關(guān)系副詞when,where,why可以用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~+which來替代。如：when=in/on/at…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,

why=for+which

介詞的位置非常靈活，有時放在關(guān)系代詞之前，有時放在動詞之后。eg.1.Iwon’tforgetthedate

when(onwhich)Iwasborn.2.Thisistheroom

where(inwhich)Ilived.=Thisistheroom

whichIlivedin.3.Idon’tknowthereason

why(forwhich)hehaven’tcometoday.4.Tomstillremembersthedays

when(inwhich)theylivedinTianjin.思考？是否所有的介詞+關(guān)系代詞都能用關(guān)系副詞代替?Thepainting(__________Ilooked)waspaintedbyme.atwhichThebook(______________Iheard)waswrittentwentyyearsago.aboutwhichThepen(____________shewrotethatbook)cannowbeseeninamuseum.withwhichKunmingisabeautifulplace_____________(flowersareseenalltheyearround).where/inwhichIwillneverforgottheday_____________Ifirstmetyouontheship.onwhich/whenduringwhichThefilm(_____________Ifellasleep)wasveryboring.結(jié)論：只有當(dāng)介詞+關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語、時間狀語或原因狀語時，才能用關(guān)系副詞代替。Correctthesentences:1.I’musingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwe’llneverforget.(去掉)theone^__^to____which5.Thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous.____that5.Einsteinissuchagreatscientistthatwemustlearnfrom.6.Thestudentwho’sbookIhadborroweddidn’tcometoschooltoday.7.Whoistheworkerwhotooksomepicturesofthefactory.8.Itisoneofthebestfilmswhichhavebeenshownrecently.9.ThethirdplacewhichwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou10.Whichisknowntoall,manysatellitearegoinga