現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞講練

分詞局部1.Theoldfarmer_____thebadly-injuredandwoundedsoldier,cameoutoftheburninghouse,____forhelp.

A.supporting;calling

B.supportedby;calledC.beingsupportedby;called

D.beingsupporting;called

2.-Oh,it’salreadyaquarterpastsix.Whatshallwedoatthemeetingthisevening?

-We’llgoonwiththematter________thisafternoon.

A.bediscussed

B.beingdiscussingC.discussed

D.whichdiscussed

3.Thebravemandied,________hisyoungwifenothingbuta________cottage.

A.left;breaking

B.leaving;brokenC.left;broken

D.toleave;breaking

4.________hardbefore,Tomisafraidoffailingintheexam.

A.Havingbeenworked

B.NottohaveworkedC.Neverhavingworked

D.Neverhaveworked

exam,theboywaspunishedbyhisfather.

A.Nopassing

B.HavingpassedC.Notpassing

D.Nothavingpassed

6.Time________,Icanhavedoneitbetter.A.permit

B.bepermitted

C.permitting

D.topermit

,theboycouldn’tenterhishouse.

A.Sincethekeyhaslost

B.ThekeybeenlostC.Lostthekey

D.Havinglostthekey

8.________intomanylanguages,thestoryiswellknownallovertheworldnow.

A.Beingtranslated

B.HavingtranslatedC.Tobetranslated

D.Havingbeentranslated

9.______fortheterribleaccident,asthepublicthought,themayorfeltnervousandwasatalosswhattodo.

A.Havingblamed

B.Toblame

C.Beingtobeblame

D.Beingtoblame

10._____fromhearttroubleforyears,ProfessorWhitehastotakesomemedicinewithhimwhereverhegoes.

A.Suffered

B.Tosuffer

C.Havingsuffered

D.Beingsuffered

11._____fromwhathesaid,hemustbethethiefwhohasstolenthecar.A.Judging

B.Judged

C.Tojudge

D.Judge

12.________withfright,ahungryfoxhidhimselfinasmallcave,________histailtotherain.

A.Trembling;exposing

B.Trembled;exposedC.Trembled;exposing

D.Trembling;exposed

13.Manyteacherswerepraisedatthemeeting,Mr.Zhou________.

A.including

B.beingincluding

C.toinclude

D.included

14.---Whowerethosepeoplewiththeflags?---Agroup________itselftheLeagueofPeace.

A.calls

B.calling

C.called

D.beingcalled

15.________youthetruth,sheknowsnothingaboutit.A.Tell

B.Telling

C.Totell

D.Told

16.Wesleptwiththelight______allnightlonglastnight.A.burnt

B.toburn

C.beingburnt

D.burning

17.Lindacan’tattendtheparty____atTom’shouseatpresentbecausesheispreparingaspeechfortheparty____atMarie’shousetomorrow.

A.beingheld;tobeheld

B.tobeheld;heldC.held;beingheld

D.tobeheld;tobeheld

18.Thesituationismore________thanever.I’m________aboutwhattodonext.

A.puzzled;puzzledB.puzzling;puzzlingC.puzzling;puzzledD.puzzled;puzzling

19.When________thatitwasgettinglate,Iputoffthelightandwenttobed.

A.findB.findingC.foundD.tofind

20.________hermotherhadcome,herfacelitup.

A.HearingB.Havingheard

C.Whenhearing

D.Whensheheard

21.Daddydidn’tmindwhatweweredoing,aslongasweweretogether,_______fun.A.had

B.have

C.tohave

D.having

22.Don'tleavethewater_____whileyoubrushyourteeth.A.run

B.running

C.beingrun

D.torun

23.Thepicture___onthewallispaintedbymynephew.hung

hung

24.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_______.A.goingon

B.goeson

C.wenton

D.togoon

25._____fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.

separated

B.Havingseparated

C.Havingbeenseparated

D.Tobeseparated

cookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound___inthekitchen.

A.

smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked

27.HesentmeanE-mail,_______togetfurtherinformation.A.hoped

B.hoping

C.tohope

D.hope動(dòng)名詞局部

oneenjoys_________at.laugh

laughedbelaughed

mustdosomethingtopreventyourhouse__________.

bebrokeninbeingbrokeninbreakinbreakingin

insistedon______anotherchancetotry.givenbegiven

4.—Whereismypassport?Iremember________ithere.

—Youshouldn'thaveleftithere.Remember________itwithyouallthetime.

put；totake；taking；totakeput；taking

roomneeds_______,sohemusthaveit_________.

；painted；painting；painting；painted

finishinghishomeworkhewenton_______alettertohisparents.

write

youngtreesweplantedlastweekrequire_______withgreatcare.

afterlookafterbelookeingaftergoodcareof

______Englishdoesn'tmean______thelanguage.

learn；tolearn

；learningabout；learn

about；learning

returnedhomeonlytofindthedooropenandsomething_______.

bemissing

bemissed

decidedtodevoteherself_______theproblemofoldage.study

studying

______thenewspaperwhenyouhavefinishedit.

backback

putbackputback

sheislookingforwardto______fromme,pleaseremember______thisletteronyourwaytoschool.

；post

；topostheard；postinghearing；toposting

saidthatshehadalotoftrouble_______yourhandwriting.

readseeseeing

storiesandarticles________whatIenjoymost.

appreciate_________ustotheball.toinviteinvite

invitinginvited

youmind_______quietforamoment?I'mtrying______aform.

；fillingout

keep；tofillout；tofillout

keep；fillingout

wasafraid_______forbeinglate.seeingbeingseen

beseenhaveseen

'dliketosuggest_____themeetingtillnextweek.putoff

off

offbeputoff

don'tseehowIcouldpossiblymanage______theworkwithout________.；helping

finish；beinghelped；helping

；beinghelped

worth________isworthyof________well.；beingdone

；doingbedone；tobedone

bedone；beingdone

advisedthemtotakearest,buttheyinsisted____thework.

finishfinishingfinishing

delayed___yourletterbecauseIhadbeenawayforaweek.post

thiefdroveasfastashecouldtoescape________bythepolice.

becaughtcaughtcaught

searchedformywalletanditwasn'tthere.Atfirst,IthoughtI____itathome.ThenIremembered______itouttopayforthetaxi.

haveleft；totake

leave；takingleave；totake

haveleft；taking

newsofhisfather'sdeath,heburstintotears.

hearinghearinghearingheared

mother,thebabycouldnothelp______.

see；tolaugh；tolaugh；laughingsee；laughing

'snouse_______somuchmoneyonclothes.

spent

sentenceneeds______.improvement

hesucceeded_______ajob,hischildrenwouldn'tbesufferingfromhungernow.

findlookforfindinglookingfor

stillremember______tomyhometownwhenIwasyoung.

takentake綜合局部1.Theofficersnarrowlyescaped___

inthehotbattle.A.havekilled

B.tokill

C.tobekilled

D.beingkilled

2.

________

theletter,hewentouttopostit.A.Writing

B.Beingwriting

C.Havingwritten

D.Written

3.Don'tyouremember_________

?

A.seeingthemanbefore

B.toseethemanbeforeC.sawthemanbefore

D.tohaveseenthemanbefore

4.Peoplecouldn't

help

___________

thefoolishemperorintheprocession.

A.laughat

B.tolaughat

C.laughingat

D.laughingon

5.We’relookingforward____

thephotoexhibition.A.tovisiting

B.tovisit

C.tohavingvisitedD.visiting

6.Thegirl

__________

underthattreeismysister.A.sitting

B.sits

C.issitting

D.sat

7.Thissentenceneeds

______.A.aimprovement

B.improve

C.improving

D.improved

8.

_____

anythingabouttheaccident,hewenttoworkasusual.

A.Notknown

B.Knownnot

C.Knowingnot

D.Notknowing

9.Thenextmorningshefoundtheman

______

inbed,dead.A.lying

B.lie

C.lay

D.laying

10.Therewasterriblenoise________

thesuddenburstoflight.

A.followed

B.following

C.tobefollowed

D.beingfollowed

11.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,

_______

alongspeechforthepresident.

A.toprepare

B.preparing

C.prepared

D.waspreparing

12.

“Can'tyouread?〞Marysaid

_______

tothenotice.

A.angrilypointing

B.andpointangrily

C.angrilypointed

D.andangrilypointing

13.Howabouttwoofus_______

awalkdownthegarden?A.totake

B.take

C.taking

D.tobetaking

14.---Imustapologizefor

______

aheadoftime.

---That’sallright.

A.lettingyounotknow

B.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownot

D.lettingnotyouknow

15.---Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.

---Well,nowIregret

______

that.

A.todo

B.tobedoing

C.tohavedone

D.havingdone16.Wouldyou_________

meyouridentificationcard,sir?A.mindtoshow

B.mindshowing

C.troubletoshow

D.troubleshowing

17.Hesuggested_________

onSaturday.

A.tohaveameeting

B.havingameeting

C.ameetingtohave

D.thathavingameeting

18.Itisnogood_______

tocomenow.Heisbusy.

A.ifyouaskhim

B.toaskhim

C.askinghim

D.thatyouaskhim

19.Althoughpunctualhimself,theprofessorwasquiteused_______

lateforhislecture.

A.tohavestudents

B.forstudentstobeC.forstudents’being

D.tostudents’being

20.Hedressedhimselfquicklyand______

hisschoolbag,wenttoschool.

A.carried

B.tocarry

C.carrying

D.carries

21._______forseveralweeks,thecityneededfood.

A.Ashavingflooded

B.beingflooded

C.Havingbeenflooded

D.Toflood

22.

______

illworriedmyparentsgreatly.A.Ifell

B.Mefalling

C.Myfalling

D.Ifalling

23.Sheiswritingalettertoafriendofhers,

_____

himtoattendthemeeting.

A.havinginvited

B.inviting

C.toinvite

D.invited

24.Ourtownhasdozensoffactories,

______

severalsawmills.

A.included

B.areincluding

C.areincluded

D.including

25.______

theclassroom,thestudentswenttotheplaygroundtowatchthefootballmatch.

A.Toclean

B.Havingcleaned

C.Cleaned

D.Cleaning26．

theboycouldn’tenterhishouse.

A．Sincethekeyhaslost

B．ThekeybeenlostC．Lostthekey

D．Havinglostthekey

27．

wheretogo,heaskedapolicemantheway.A．Havinglosthiswayandnotknowing

B．Losinghiswayanddidn’tknowC．Losthiswayandnotknowing

D．Losthiswayanddidn’tknow

28．

fromhersonforalongtime,shedecidedtowritetohim.

A．Nothavingheard

B．Havingnotheard

C．Nothearing

D．Hearingnot

29．

totheparty,Joanwasgreatlyhurt.A．Havingnotbeeninvited

B．NothavingbeeninvitedC．Havingnotinvited

D．Nothavinginvited

30．Thenovelissaid

intomanylanguage.

A．tobetranslated

B．beingtranslatedC．tohavebeentranslated

D．havingbeentranslates

31．

totheleftandyou’llseethepostoffice.A．Toturn

B．Turning

C．Turned

D．Turn

32．

theairporttheywavedagainandagaintome.

A．Whenleaving

B．Whenleave

C．Whentoleave

D．Whenleft

33．When

intoawarmroom,theicesoonchangedtowater.A.totake

B.tobetaken

C.taking

D.taken

34．Lookroundwhen

thestreet.A．cross

B．crossing

C．crossed

D．tocross

35．When

,icechangesintowater.A．toheat

B．heating

C．heated

D．theyareheated

36．

madehermotherveryangry.A．Helen’smarriedJack

B．HelenhasmarriedJackC．HelenmarryingJack

D．Helen’smarryingJack

37．Thesituationismore

thanever.I’m

aboutwhattodonest.

A．puzzled;puzzled

B．puzzling;puzzling

C．puzzling;puzzled

D．puzzled;puzzling

38．Thenews

Jim.Hewas

atthenews.Hefoundthenews

.

A．surprised;surprised;surprising

B．surprised;surprising;surprised

C．surprising;surprised;surprised

D．surprising;surprising;surprised

39．Chinaisa

country

tothethirdworld.

A．developed;belongs

B．developing;belongingC．developing;belongs

D．developed;belonged

40．Theoldmanwalkedinthestreet,

.

A．followedbyhisson

B．followedhissonC．a(chǎn)ndfollowinghisson

D．a(chǎn)ndfollowingbyhissonkey:1-5ACBCD6-10CDDDC11-15AADBC16-20DACBD21-27DBBACBB1-5CBCCA1—5

DCACA

6---10

ACDAB11---15

BACBD

16---20

BBCDC

21---25

CCBDB26-30DAABC31-35DADBC36-40DCABA現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞非謂語動(dòng)詞顧名思義，非謂語動(dòng)詞就是不能作謂語的動(dòng)詞。包括：不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞和動(dòng)名詞。-ing分詞1.-ing分詞的構(gòu)成

-ing分詞是由動(dòng)詞原形加詞尾-ing構(gòu)成。-ing分詞同樣有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，通常有下表幾種形式〔以do為例〕：

主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone-ing分詞的否認(rèn)形式是由not加-ing分詞構(gòu)成。如：

Notknowinghisaddress,Icoulddonothingbutstayathomeandwait.

不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等著。

Hisnotcomingmadeallofusangry.

他沒來使我們大家都很生氣。

2.-ing分詞的一般式和完成式：

-ing分詞的一般式表示和謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；完成式表示在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：

Beingastudent,hewasinterestedinbooks.

作為一個(gè)學(xué)生，他對(duì)書本很感興趣。

Nothavingstudiedhislessonsveryhard,hefailedtheexaminations.因?yàn)闆]有努力學(xué)習(xí)功課，他考試不及格。

3.-ing分詞的被動(dòng)式：-ing分詞的被動(dòng)式表示它的邏輯主語是-ing分詞動(dòng)作的承受者。根據(jù)-ing分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，-ing分詞的被動(dòng)式有一般被動(dòng)式(beingdone)和完成被動(dòng)式(havingbeendone)。如：

Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.

正在被討論的問題很重要。

Henevertalkedabouthishavingbeeninterviewedbythereporter.

他從來沒談起過他被記者采訪的事情。Havingbeencriticizedbytheteacher,hegaveupsmoking.

被老師批評(píng)以后，他把煙戒了。

注意：在need,want,require,beworth等動(dòng)詞(短語)后，作賓語的-ing分詞常用主動(dòng)形式來表示被動(dòng)含義。如：

Yourshoesneedcleaning.

=Yourshoesneedtobecleaned.

你的鞋需要清洗一下了。

Thisbookiswellworthreading.

這本書很值得一看。

4.-ing分詞的語法作用

-ing分詞一方面具有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)，另一方面也相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞或形容詞、副詞，在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語等。

1)–ing分詞〔短語〕作主語：

Layingeggsistheantqueen'sfull-timejob.

產(chǎn)卵是蟻后的專職工作。

Sayingiseasierthandoing.

說比做容易。

在下面兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中，-ing分詞也作主語。

①為了保持句子平衡，通常用作形式主語，而把真實(shí)主語放在句末。如：

Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.

作無益的懊悔是沒有用的。

It'sawasteoftimearguingaboutit.

辯論這事是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。

②在Thereisno結(jié)構(gòu)中，通常用-ing分詞。如：

Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.

這種事開不得玩笑。

Thereisnoholdingbackthewheelofhistory.

歷史車輪不可阻擋。

2)-ing分詞〔短語〕作表語：

Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.

他的愛好是收集郵票。

Theproblemisquitepuzzling.

這個(gè)問題很令人困惑。

3)-ing分詞作賓語：

①–ing分詞作動(dòng)詞賓語。如：Isuggestdoingitinadifferentway.

我建議用另一種方法做這件事。

WeenjoyattendingMissLi'sclass.

我們喜歡聽李老師的課。

②-ing分詞作賓語也可用在復(fù)合賓語中作真正的賓語，而用it作形式賓語。如：

Idon’tthinkitpossiblelivinginsuchacoldplace.

我認(rèn)為住在這么寒冷的地方是不可能的。

Doyouconsideritanygoodtryingagain?

你覺得再試一次會(huì)有好處嗎？

③-ing分詞作介詞賓語，經(jīng)常用在一些短語的后面。如：

I'magainstinvitinghimtodinner.

我反對(duì)邀請(qǐng)他來吃飯。

Theydon’tfeellikewalkingthatmuch.

他們不喜歡走那么多路。

HewenttoLondoninthehopeofbeingafamouspainter.

他去了倫敦，希望能成為一個(gè)著名的畫家。

此類短語還有很多。如：lookforwardto〔渴望，盼望〕,beproudof〔以……自豪〕,beresponsiblefor〔對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)〕,insiston〔堅(jiān)持〕,thinkof〔考慮，想到〕,dreamof〔夢(mèng)想〕,objectto〔反對(duì)，抗議〕,hearof〔聽說〕,prevent…from〔防止，阻止〕,keep…from〔防止，阻止〕,stop…from〔防止，阻止〕,beengagedin〔從事于〕,dependon〔依靠，依賴〕,thank…for〔因……而道謝〕,excuse…for〔因……而抱歉〕,aimat〔目的在于〕,devote…to〔獻(xiàn)身于〕,setabout〔著手做〕,be/getusedto〔習(xí)慣于〕,befondof〔喜歡〕,beafraidof〔害怕〕,betiredof〔對(duì)……厭煩〕,succeedin〔成功地做……〕,beinterestedin〔對(duì)……感興趣〕,beashamedof〔對(duì)……感到羞愧〕等等。

注意：在有些句子中，介詞?？墒∪ァＨ纾?/p>

Ihavenodifficulty(in)communicatingwithforeigners.

我在和外國(guó)人交談方面沒有什么困難。

Heusedtospendalotoftime(in)playinggames.

過去他常花很多時(shí)間玩游戲。

Whatcanpreventus(from)gettingmarried?

有什么能阻止我們結(jié)婚？

另外，-ing分詞可以和一些介詞如in,on,after,against,before,by,for,without,besides等構(gòu)成短語，在句中作狀語。如：

Heleftaheadoftimewithoutsayingaword.

他一句話也沒說就提前離開了。

Besidescookingandsewing,shehadtotakecareoffourchildren.

除了做飯和縫紉以外，她還要照顧四個(gè)孩子。

Onhearingthenews,allthepupilsjumpedwithjoy.

聽到這個(gè)消息后，所有的學(xué)生都快樂得跳了起來。

4)-ing分詞作定語：

①單個(gè)的分詞作定語一般放在被修飾詞的前面。如：

readingroom

閱覽室

swimmingpool

游泳池

diningcar

餐車

sleepingcar

臥車

singingcompetition歌詠比賽

waitingroom

候車室

awaitingcar一輛等待著的車

asleepingchild一個(gè)酣睡的孩子

flyingfish

飛魚

theexcitingnews令人振奮的消息

aboringspeech令人乏味的演出

②-ing分詞短語作定語應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，也相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。如：

Whoisthecomradestandingbythedoor?

站在門邊的同志是誰？

Theylivedinahousefacingsouth.

他們住在一所朝南的房子里。

③–ing分詞還可以作非限制性定語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，常用逗號(hào)和句子其它局部分開。如:

Thewords,usuallydealingwithcurrentwork,weremostlywrittenbyhimself.

歌詞一般講當(dāng)前的工作，大局部是他自己寫的。

Whensheappeared,John,wearingadirtyandworn-outovercoat,rantoherwithjoy.

當(dāng)她出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候，約翰穿著一件又臟又破的大衣快樂地跑了過去。

5)-ing分詞做狀語：

-ing分詞作狀語可以表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。

①-ing分詞短語作時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，有時(shí)可由連詞when,while引出。如：

Whilereadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.

他一邊看書，一邊不時(shí)地點(diǎn)頭。

Seeingthosepictures,sherememberedherchildhood.

看到那些畫，他想起了她的童年。

②-ing分詞短語作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句。如：

Notknowinghisaddress,Ican’tsendthisbooktohim.因?yàn)椴恢浪牡刂?，我不能把這本書送給他。

Manyofus,beingsoexcited,couldn’tgotosleepthatnight.

因?yàn)榉浅_動(dòng)，那晚我們?cè)S多人都沒睡著。

③–ing分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。如：

Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.

他父親死了，留給他許多錢。

Shewassoangrythatshethrewthetoyontheground,breakingitintopieces.

她非常生氣，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。

④-ing分詞作伴隨狀語，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中間，表示主語的另一個(gè)、較次要的動(dòng)作。如：Theystoodthereforhalfanhourwatchingthestarsinthesky.

他們?cè)谀莾赫玖税胄r(shí)，觀察著天上的星星。

Followingtheoldman,theyoungpeoplestartedwalkingslowly.

年輕人跟在老人的后面開始慢慢地走起來。

⑤-ing分詞間或也可作條件狀語和讓步狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句。如：

Apersonstandingatthefootofahighmountainwillfindhimselfverysmall.

一個(gè)人如站在大山的腳下會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己很渺小。

Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.

盡管知道了一切情況，他們還是要我賠償損失。

注：-ing分詞作狀語時(shí)，它的邏輯主語就是整個(gè)句子的主語。

⑥“with/without+名詞普通格或代詞賓格+-ing分詞〞結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語，表示伴隨情況或時(shí)間、原因等。如：

Hishairbecamegreywiththeyearspassing.

隨著時(shí)間的推移，他的頭發(fā)變花白了。

Withoutanyonenoticing,heslippedthroughthewindow.

沒人注意，他從窗戶溜了出去。

6)-ing分詞作補(bǔ)語：

①--ing分詞可以在see,hear,notice,watch,feel,lookat,listento,observe,have,get,leave,keep,set,catch,find等動(dòng)詞后面和一個(gè)名詞或代詞構(gòu)成一個(gè)復(fù)合賓語，作賓語補(bǔ)語。如：

InoticedamanrunningoutofthebankwhenIgotoffthecar.

我下車的時(shí)候注意到一個(gè)男人匆匆忙忙地從銀行里跑出來。

Lastnighttheshopkeepercaughtachildstealingsomefoodintheshop.

昨晚，店主在商店里抓到一個(gè)小孩在偷東西。

②上面這類句子也可變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)，這時(shí)，-ing分詞可看成是主語補(bǔ)語。如：

Wewerekeptwaitingforquitealongtime.

讓我們等了好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。

Jilywasneverheardsingingthatsongagain.

人們?cè)僖矝]有聽到吉麗唱這首歌了。

5.-ing分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：

-ing分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)通常由物主代詞、人稱代詞賓格、名詞所有格或者名詞的普通格+-ing分詞構(gòu)成，在句子開頭時(shí)必須用物主代詞和名詞所有格，通常在句中作主語和賓語。如：

Hiscomingmadeusveryhappy.

他的到來使我們大家都很高。

Hewasawakenedbysomeone’sknockingatthedoor.

他被某人的敲門聲吵醒了。1.–ing分詞作主語和表語時(shí)與不定式的區(qū)別：

-ing分詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作主語和表語的主要區(qū)別在于：在表示比擬抽象的一般的屢次性行為時(shí)多用-ing分詞；在表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作，特別是將來的動(dòng)作時(shí)，多用不定式。如：

Smokingisforbiddenhere.

〔泛指吸煙〕這里禁止吸煙。

It’snotgoodforyoutosmokesomuch.

〔指你吸煙〕吸這么多煙對(duì)你的身體不好。

Myjobisteaching.

我的工作是教書。

MyjobistoteachyouEnglishthisterm.

我這一學(xué)期的工作是教你們英語。

2.中學(xué)階段能接-ing分詞作賓語的常見動(dòng)詞：

mind〔介意〕,suggest〔建議〕,enjoy〔欣賞，〕,admit〔成認(rèn)〕,appreciate〔感謝，欣賞〕,avoid〔防止〕,delay〔推遲〕,dislike〔不喜歡，厭惡〕,escape〔逃脫〕,finish〔完成〕,forgive〔寬恕〕,imagine〔想象〕,keep〔保持〕,miss〔錯(cuò)過〕,practise〔訓(xùn)練〕,resist〔抵抗，抵抗〕,risk〔冒險(xiǎn)〕,deny〔拒絕，否認(rèn)〕,consider〔考慮〕等。

3.有些動(dòng)詞既能接不定式，又能接-ing分詞，含義有所不同。如：

①forget,remember,regret等詞后面接不定式表示不定式動(dòng)作后于謂語動(dòng)作，而后接-ing分詞作賓語表示分詞動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)作。如：

Doyourememberseeingmebefore?

你記得以前見過我嗎？

Remembertolockthedoorwhenyouleave.

離開時(shí)要記得鎖門。

②動(dòng)詞mean,stop,try,goon等動(dòng)詞后面接分詞和接不定式作賓語，意思也有所不同。如：

Itrynottothinkaboutthat.

我盡量不去想那件事。

Wouldyoupleasetrydoingthatagain?

請(qǐng)你再試一次好嗎？

Imeantochangeitforanotherone.

我想換成另外一個(gè)。

Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.

誤了這班車就意味著再等一個(gè)小時(shí)。

Havingfinishedtheexercises,wewentontolearnthenewwordsinthenextunit.做完練習(xí)以后，我們繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)下一單元的單詞。

Afterashortrest,theywentonworking.

短暫地休息以后，他們又繼續(xù)工作。

Hestoppedtalkingwhenthebellrang.

鈴響的時(shí)候，他停止了講話。

Whileworking,hestoppedtotalkwithTomattimes.

工作的時(shí)候，他不時(shí)地停下來和湯姆談話。

注意：有時(shí)人們把stop后的動(dòng)詞不定式理解為目的狀語。

③動(dòng)詞allow,advise,forbid,permit等可直接跟-ing分詞作賓語，不可以接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語，但可接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語。如：

Pleasepermitmetosayafewwords.

請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我說幾句話。

Wedon’tpermitsmokinghere.

我們這兒不允許吸煙。

④動(dòng)詞need,require,want作“需要〞解時(shí)，后面接-ing分詞或不定式的被動(dòng)式。如：

Theroomwantscleaning/tobecleaned.

這個(gè)房間需要清掃。

Theselittlechildrenrequirelookingaftercarefully/tobelookedaftercarefully.

這些小孩需要細(xì)心地照料。

⑤動(dòng)詞like,hate,prefer等后面，如表示一般性動(dòng)作，多用-ing分詞；如指特定的具體的某次動(dòng)作，多用不定式。如：

Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimwithyou.

我喜歡游泳，但我不喜歡和你一起游泳。

Ipreferwalkingtoschooleveryday.

我情愿每天步行去學(xué)校。

Iprefertostayathometoday.

今天我情愿呆在家里。

⑥動(dòng)詞begin,start后面，如表示有意識(shí)地開始做某事，常用-ing分詞，否那么用不定式更多一些。如：Webegantodothatjoblastyear.

我們?nèi)ツ觊_始做那工作的。

Theystartedtalkingaboutthefilmatonce.

他們立刻開始談?wù)撃遣侩娪?。注：下面幾種情況多用不定式作賓語：

a.當(dāng)start,begin本身用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)。

Whentheteachercameintotheroom,hewasstartingtowritetohisparents.老師走進(jìn)教室的時(shí)候，他正開始寫信給他的父母親。

b.當(dāng)start,begin后接表示心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞時(shí)。

Heari