主謂一致三原則

主謂一致三原則

主謂一致是指謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，主謂一致必須遵循三原則：語法一致原則，意義一致原則，就近一致原則。

1.

語法一致原則：指主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，主語是復數(shù)形式，謂語也用復數(shù)形式。例如：

Tom

is

a

good

student.

湯姆是個好學生。

They

often

play

football

on

the

playground.

他們經(jīng)常在操場上踢足球。

2.

意義一致：指主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復數(shù)，因此謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；或主語形式上為復數(shù)，但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：

My

family

are

having

lunch

now.

我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。

Twenty

dollars

is

too

expensive

for

the

book.

這本書20美元太貴了。

3.

就近一致：指謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式還是用復數(shù)形式，取決于最靠近他的主語。例如：

Not

only

the

teacher

but

also

his

students

like

playing

football.

不僅老師喜歡踢足球，而且他的學生也喜歡踢足球。

There

is

a

pen

and

some

books

on

the

desk.

課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書。

二、

主謂一致?？碱}型

1.

單數(shù)名詞(代詞)，不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)形式，復數(shù)名詞(代詞)作主語，謂語用復數(shù)形式。例如：

The

desk

is

Tom’s.

這張桌子是湯姆的。

Some

water

is

in

the

bottle.

一些水在瓶子里。

The

students

are

playing

football

on

the

playground.

這些學生正在操場上踢足球。

2.

many

a+單數(shù)名詞作主語，意義雖為“許多”，但謂語要用單數(shù)形式。例如：

Many

a

student

has

been

to

Shanghai.

許多學生到過上海。

3.

more

than

one+單數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。例如：

More

than

one

student

has

ever

been

to

Beijing.

不止一個學生曾經(jīng)去過北京。

4.

表示時間，價格，重量，數(shù)目，長度，數(shù)學運算等的詞或短語作主語時，這些通常作一個整體概念，謂語用單數(shù)形式。例如：

Two

months

is

a

long

holiday.

兩個月是一個長假。

Tweney

pounds

isn’t

so

heavy.

2

0英鎊并不太重。

Ten

miles

isn’t

a

long

distance.

1

0英里并不是一段很長的距離。

Five

minus

four

is

one.

5減4等于1。

5.

主語是each/every+單數(shù)名詞+and(each/every)+單數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：

Each

boy

and

each

girl

has

got

a

seat.

每個男孩和女孩都有一個座位。

Every

man

and

every

woman

is

at

work.

每個男人和女人都在工作。

7.

動詞不定式，動名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：

To

see

is

to

believe

眼見為實。

Doing

eye

exercises

is

good

for

your

eyes.

做眼睛保健操對你的眼睛十分有益。

8.

a/an+單數(shù)名詞+or

two

作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：

A

student

or

two

has

failed

the

exam.

一兩個學生考試不及格。

9.

當主語部分含有with，together

with，along

with，as

well

as，besides，except，but，like等介詞或介詞短語時，謂語動詞形式于前面的主語保持一致。例如：

Mike

with

his

father

has

been

to

England.

邁克同他的父親去過英格蘭。

Mike,like

his

brother,enjoys

playing

football

邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。

10.

由and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，一般用復數(shù)形式，但and所連接的并列主語是同一個人，事物，或概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況區(qū)分如下：a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個人或物；a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞，指兩個人或物。例如：

The

writer

and

teacher

is

coming.

那位作家兼教師來了。(作家和教師指同一個人)

The

writer

and

the

teacher

are

coming.

作家和老師來了。(作家和老師是兩個人)

11.

people,police等集體名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式，family,class,group,team等集體名詞作主語，若指一個整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，若指具體成員時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。例如：

People

here

are

very

friendly.

這兒的人很友好。

His

family

isn’t

large.

他家的人不多。

My

family

all

like

watching

TV.

我們一家人都喜歡看電視。

12.

不定代詞somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no

one,nothing作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，例如：

Is

everyone

here

today.

今天大家到齊了嗎？

Something

is

wrong

with

him.

他有毛病。

Nobody

was

in.

沒有人在家。

13.

each,either,neither,another,the

other

作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：

Each

of

them

has

an

English

dictionary.

他們每人都有一本英語詞典。

Neither

answer

is

correct.

兩個答案都不正確。

14.

以—s

結尾的名詞本身不表示復數(shù)意義，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式，如news,maths,physics等，例如：

No

news

is

good

news.

沒有消息就是好消息。

Maths

is

very

popular

in

our

class

在我們班數(shù)學很受歡迎。

15.

由both…and…連接兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；由or,either…or…，neither…nor…,not

only…but

also…,not…but…,連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語動詞形式。例如：

Both

his

father

and

his

mother

are

both

teachers.

他的爸爸和媽媽都是老師。

Tom

or

Jack

is

wrong.

不是湯姆就是杰克錯了。

Either

this

one

or

that

one

is

ok.

這一個或那一個都行。

16.

a

number

of+復數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)；the

number

of

+復數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：

A

number

of

famous

people

were

invited

to

party.

許多名人都被邀請參加這個聚會。

The

number

of

the

students

is

over

eight

houndred.

我們學校的學生數(shù)超過800人。

17.

當kind

of,pair

of,

glass

of

等表示確定數(shù)量的名詞短語修飾主語時，謂語與kind,pair,glass等一致。例如：

This

pair

of

shoes

is

Tom’s.

這雙鞋是湯姆的。

There

are

two

glasses

of

water

on

the

table.

桌上有兩杯水。

18.

the+形容詞表示一類人時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式，表示抽象概念時，用單數(shù)形式。例如：

The

poor

are

very

happy,but

the

rich

are

sad.

窮人很快樂，富人卻過得不快樂。

The

beautiful

lives

forever.

美是永存的。

19.

以here，there開頭的句子，若主語在兩個或兩個以上，謂語動詞通常與臨近的主語一致。例如：

There

is

a

book

and

three

pens

on

the

desk.

桌子上有一本書，三只鋼筆。

Here

are

some

books

and

paper

for

you.

這是給你的書和紙。

1.

Either

Jane

or

Steven

____________________

watching

TV

now.

A.

were

B.

is

C.

was

D.

are

2.

Two

days

____________________enough

for

me

to

finish

the

work,

I

need

a

third

day.

A.

isn’t

B.

is

C.

aren’t

D.

are

3.

—How

many

lessons

do

you

usually

have

a

day?

—Six

lessons

a

day.

And

each

of

them

__________45

minutes.

A.

last

B.

lasts

C.

have

D.

are

4.

Neither

LiPing

nor

I

__________

a

basketball

player.

A.

am

B.

is

C.

be

D.

are

5.

There

__________

many

new

words

in

lesson

one,It

is

very

easy.

A.

is

B.

aren’t

C.

isn’t

D.

are6.

The

number

of

the

students

in

our

school

____________________1200.

A.

is

B.

are

C.

has

D.

have

7.

Maths

__________

my

favourite

subject.

A.

be

B.

is

C.

am

D.

are

BABABAB

8.

The

boy

with

the

two

dogs

__________

when

the

earthquake

rocked

the

city.

A.

were

sleeping

B.

is

sleeping

C.

was

sleeping

D.

are

asleep

9.

Every

one

except

Tom

and

John

__________

there

when

the

meeting

began.

A.

are

B.

is

C.

were

D.

was

10.

That

place

is

not

interesting

at

all,

__________

of

us

wants

to

go

there.

A.

Neither

B.

Both

C.

AllD.

Some

11.

Nobody

but

Jane

__________

the

secret.

A.

know

B.

knows

C.

have

know

D.

is

12.

—What’s

on

the

plate?

some

eggs

and

cakes

on

it?

—There

__________

some

eggs

and

cakes

on

it.

A.

isB.

are

C.

was

D.

were

13.

This

pair

of

glasses

__________

mine.

A.

areB.

beC.

isD.

will

be

CDABBC14.

Both

Lily

and

Lucy

__________

to

the

party

yesterday.

A.

invitedB.

was

invited

C.

had

invited

D.

were

invited

15.

—Two

months

__________

quite

a

long

time.

—Yes,

I’m

afraid

that

he

will

miss

lots