MBA聯(lián)考系統(tǒng)階段期末考試英語試卷-9123

【經(jīng)典資料，ＷＯＲＤ文檔，可編寫更正】【經(jīng)典考試資料，答案附后，看后必過，ＷＯＲＤ文檔，可更正】啟用前·絕密2015年全國碩士研究生入學一致考試管理類專業(yè)碩士學位聯(lián)考[英語]試卷考生注意事項考生必定嚴格遵守各項考場規(guī)則。答題前，考生應將答題卡上的“考生姓名”、“報考單位”、“考生編號”等信息填寫清楚，并與準考證上的一致。答案必定按要求填涂或?qū)懺谥付ǖ拇痤}卡上。1）詞匯知識、綜合填空、閱讀理解的答案填涂在答題卡上，英譯漢的答案和作文的答案寫在答題紙上。2）填涂部分應該依照答題卡上的要求用2B鉛筆完成。如要改動，必定用橡皮擦干凈。書寫部分（英譯漢的答案和作文）必定用藍（黑）色字跡鋼筆、圓珠筆或簽字筆在答題卡上作答。答題卡嚴禁折疊?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將答題卡和答題紙一起放入原試卷袋中，試卷交給監(jiān)考人員。SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDanANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.ForeachnumberedblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1.With950millionpeople,IndiarankssecondtoChinaamongthemostpopulouscountries.ButsinceChina1afamilyplanningprogramin1971,Indiadosingthe2.Indianshavereducedtheirbirthratebutnotnearly3the

hasbeenChinesehave.Ifcurrentgrowthratescontinue,

India

’spopulation

will

4China'saroundtheyear20285about1.7billion.Shouldthathappen,itwon'tbethe6oftheenlightenedwomenofKerala,astateinsouthernIndia.7Indiaasawholeaddsalmost20millionpeopleayear,Kerala’spopulationisvirtually8.Thereasonisnomystery:nearlytwo-thirdsofKeralawomenpracticebirthcontrol,9about40%intheentirenation.Thedifference10theemphasisputonhealthprograms11birthbythestateauthorities,12in1957becameIndia'sfirstelectedCommunist

control,13.Andaneducationaltraditionandmatrilineal(母系的)customsinpartsofKeralahelpgirlsandboysget14goodschooling.WhileoneinthreeIndianwomenis15,90%ofthoseinKeralacanreadandwrite.Higherliteracyrates16familyplanning."Unlikeourparents,weknowthatwecandomoreforourchildrenifwehave17ofthem,"saysLailaCherian,33,wholivesinthevillageofKudamaloor.Shehaslimitedherself18threechildren-onebelowthenational19offour.Thatkindofrestraint(控制；控制)willkeepKeralafromputtingadded20onworldfoodsupplies.（258）1.A.discoveredB.circulatedC.launchedD.transmitted2.A.gapB.topC.bitD.bet3.A.asmanyasB.aswellasC.assoonasD.asmuchas4.A.shakeB.passC.rocketD.impress5.A.onB.inC.atD.for6.A.forceB.fightC.falseD.fault7.A.WhileB.SinceC.BecauseD.Suppose8.A.reliableB.stableC.countableD.flexible9.A.benefitedfromB.involvedwithC.comparedwithD.resultedfrom10.A.liesinB.showsoffC.resultsinD.departsfrom11.A.revivingB.includingC.practicingD.containing12.A.thatB.sinceC.whatD.which13.A.groupB.allianceC.governmentD.bureau14.A.equallyB.officiallyC.sharplyD.proudly15.A.culturalB.literateC.nativeD.responsible16.A.fosterB.hamperC.reformD.advocate17.A.lessB.moreC.fewerD.better18.A.inBatC.asD.to19.A.statisticsB.averageC.tendencyD.category20.A.increaseB.challengeC.pressureD.complaintSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Passage1Themediacanimpactcurrentevents.AsagraduatestudentatBerkeleyinthe1960s,IrememberexperiencingtheeventsrelatedtothePeople’sParkthatwereoccurringoncampus.SomeoftheseeventsweregivennationalmediacoverageinthepressandonTV.Ifounditinterestingtocomparemyimpressionsofwhatwasgoingonwithperceptionsobtainedfromthenewsmedia.Icouldbegintoseeeventsofthattimefeedonnewscoverage.Thisalsoprovidedmewithsomehealthyinsightsintothedistinctionsbetweentheserealities.Electronicmediaarehavingagreaterimpactonthepeople’sliveseveryday.Peoplegathermoreandmoreoftheirimpressionsfromrepresentations.Televisionandtelephonecommunicationsarelinkingpeopletoaglobalvillage,orwhatonewritercallstheelectroniccity.Considertheinformationthattelevisionbringsintoyourhomeeveryday.Consideralsothecontactyouhavewithotherssimplybyusingtelephone.Thesemediaextendyourconsciousnessandyourcontact.Forexample,thevideocoverageofthe1989SanFranciscoearthquakefocusedon“l(fā)iveaction”suchasthefiresortherescueefforts.Thisgavetheviewertheimpressionoftotaldisaster.TelevisioncoverageoftheIraqiWaralsodevelopedanimmediacy.CNNreportedeventsastheyhappened.Thiscoveragewasdistributedworldwide.Althoughmostpeoplewerefarawayfromtheseevents,theydevelopedsomeperceptionoftheserealities.In1992,manypeoplewatchedinhorrorasriotsbrokeoutonasadWednesdayeveninginLosAngeles,seeminglyfedbyvideocoveragefromhelicopters.Thiseventwastriggeredbytheverdict(裁定)intheRodneyKingbeating.Wearenowinanagewherethepubliccanhaveaccesstoinformationthatenablesittomakeitsownjudgments,andmostpeople,whohadseenthevideoofthisbeating,couldnotunderstandhowthejury(陪審團)wasabletoacquit(宣布無罪)thepolicemeninvolved.Mediacoverageofeventsastheyoccuralsoprovidespowerfulfeedbackthatinfluencesevents.Thiscanhaveharmfulresults,asitseemedonthatWednesdaynightinLosAngeles.ByFridaynightthepublicgottoseeRodneyKingontelevisionpleading,“Canweallgetalong?”BySaturday,televisionseemedtoprovidepositivefeedbackastheLosAngelesriotturnedoutintoarallyforpeace.Thetelevisionshowedthousandsofpeoplemarchingwithbannersandcleaningtools.Becauseofthat,manymorepeopleturnedouttojointhepeacefuleventtheysawunfolding(張開)ontelevision.Therealhealing,ofcourse,willtakemuchlonger,butelectronicmediawillcontinuetobeapartofthatprocess.（455words）Thebesttitleforthepassageis______.A.The1989SanFranciscoEarthquakeandthe1992LosAngelesRiotsHowMediaCoverEventsThe1992LosAngelesRiotsTheImpactofMediaonCurrentEventsAllthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPTthat______.alltheeventsoccurringontheuniversitycampusatBerkeleyweregivennationalmediacoveragevideocoverageofthe1989SanFranciscoearthquakegavetheviewerstheimpressionoftotaldisasterC.electronicmediacanextendone’scontactwiththeworldthoselivingfarawayfromacertaineventcanalsohavesomeperceptionofrealitiesbywatchingtelevision23.Theterm“electroniccity”inParagraph2refersto______.A.BerkeleyB.EarthC.LosAngelesD.SanFranciscoThe1992LosAngelesriotsbrokeoutbecause______.videocoveragefromhelicoptershadmadepeopleangryvideocoveragehadprovidedpowerfulfeedbackthejuryacquittedthepolicemenwhohadbeatenRodneyKingpeoplecanmaketheirownjudgmentsItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.the1992LosAngelesriotslastedawholeweekRodneyKingseemedveryangrywhenheappearedontelevisiononFridaymediacoverageofeventsastheyoccurcanhaveeithergoodorbadresultsD.mostpeoplewhohadseenthevideooftheRodneyKingbeatingagreewiththeverdictofthejuryPassage2Self-employedprivatephysicianswhochargeafeeforeachpatientvisitarethefoundationofmedicalpracticeintheUnitedStates.Mostphysicianshaveacontractrelationshipwithoneormorehospitalsinthecommunity.Theysendtheirpatientstothishospital,whichusuallychargespatientsaccordingtothenumberofdaystheystayandthefacilities(operatingroom,tests,medicines)thattheyuse.Somehospitalsbelongtoacity,astateor,inthecaseofveterans'hospitals,afederalgovernmentagency.Othersareoperatedbyreligiousorderorothernonprofit.Somemedicaldoctorsareonsalarygroups.Salariedphysiciansmayworkashospitalstaffmembers,orresidents,whoareoftenstillintraining.Theymayteachinmedicalschools,behiredbycorporationstocarefortheirworkersorworkforthefederalgovernment'sPublicHealthService.PhysiciansareamongthebestpaidprofessionalsintheUnitedStates.Inthe1980s,itwasnotuncommonformedicaldoctorstoearnincomesofmorethan$100,000ayear.Specialists,particularlysurgeons,mightearnseveraltimesthatamount.Physicianslistmanyreasonswhytheydeservetobesowellrewardedfortheirwork.OnereasonisthelongandexpensivepreparationrequiredtobecomeaphysicianintheUnitedStates.Mostwould-bephysiciansfirstattendcollegeforfouryears,whichcancostnearly$20,000ayearatoneofthebestprivateinstitutions-Prospectivephysiciansthenattendmedicalschoolforfouryears.Tuitionalonecanexceed$10,000ayear.Bythetimetheyhaveobtainedtheirmedicaldegrees,manyyoungphysiciansaredeeplyindebt.Theystillfacethreetofiveyearsofresidencyinahospital,thefirstyearasanapprenticephysician.Thehoursarelongandthepayisrelativelylow.Settingupamedicalpracticeisexpensive,too.Sometimesseveralphysicianswilldecidetoestablishagrouppractice,sotheycansharetheexpenseofmaintaininganofficeandbuyingequipment.Thesephysiciansalsotakecareofeachother'spatientsinemergencies.Physiciansworklonghoursandmustacceptagreatdealofresponsibility.Manymedicalprocedures,evenquiteroutineonesinvolverisk.Itisunderstandablethatphysicianswanttobewellrewardedformakingdecisionswhichcanmeanthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath.（382）Accordingtothepassage,itisveryunlikelythatanAmericanhospitalisownedby____.A.achurchB.acorporationC.acityD.astate27.Theexpensesforbecomingadoctorarespenton_____.A.schoolingandtrainingB.practiceinahospitalC.facilitiesheorsheusesreceives

D.educationheorsheAccordingtothepassage,howlongdoesittakeforawould-bephysiciantobecomeanindependentphysicianintheUSA?A.

Aboutsevenyears.

B.

Eight

years

C.

Tenyears.

D.

AbouttwelveyearsSometimesseveralphysicianssetupagroupofmedicalpracticemainlybecause____.A.theymayhavemotepatientsB.theycantaketurnstoworklonghoursC.facilitiesmaybeabigburdentoanindividualD.noonewantstoassumetoomuchresponsibility30.Whichofthefollowingstatementscouldfullyexpresstheauthor’sviewtowardsphysicians’paymentintheUSA?A.Physicians’expensiveeducation

andthecharacteristics

oftheir

workmakethemwelldeservethehandsomepay.B.Itisreasonableforphysicianstohavealargeincomebecausetheirworkisverydangerous.C.Physiciansshouldbebetterpaidbecausetheyworklonghoursunderbadconditions.D.Physiciansshouldergreatresponsibility,soitisunderstandablethattheyshouldbewellrewarded.Passage3Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute，violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences，thatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposeshisrulebybruteforce；therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides，whowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemen，getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolenceasifitwerealegitimatesolution，likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening，whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair，istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch，wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint，butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanraceusabsolutelynothing.

，thattediousdocumentationofviolence，hastaughtWehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror，thebloodshed，thesufferingmeannothing.Nosolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandherdertogetahearing.Theyaredespised，mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse，ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos，atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall，wewouldhavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort，itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogram.Thebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible，providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces，wemustappreciateeachother'sproblems.Andtodothis，wemustlearnaboutthem：itisasimpleexerciseincommunication，inexchanginginformation.“Talk，talk，talk，”theadvocatesofviolencesay，“allyoueverdoistalk，andwearenonethewiser.”It'sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk，hewasnonethewiser.“Possible，mylord，”thebarristerreplied，“nonethewiser，butsurelyfarbetterinformed.”Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom：theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.31.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage？A.AdvocatingViolence.B.ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.C.ImportantPeopleonBothSidesSeeViolenceAsaLegitimateSolution.D.TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.Recordedhistoryhastaughtus________________.violenceneversolvesanything.B.nothing.C.thebloodshedmeansnothing.D.everything.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen______.can'tgetahearing.arelookeddownupon.C.arepersecuted.Havedifficultyinadvocatinglawenforcement.“Hewasnonethewiser”means______.hewasnotatallwiseinlistening.Hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore.Hegainsnothingafterlistening.Hemakesnosenseoftheargument.AccordingtheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceisA.lawenforcement.B.knowledge.C.nonviolence.D.Moppinguptheviolentmess.Passage4In1985whenaJapanAirLines(JAL)jetcrashed,itspresident,YasumotoTakagi,calledeachvictim’sfamilytoapologize,andthenpromptlyresigned.Andin1987,whenasubsidiaryofToshibasoldsensitivemilitarytechnologytotheformerSovietUnion,thechairmanofToshibagaveuphispost.Theseexecutiveactions,whichToshibacalls“thehighestformofapology,”mayseembizarretoUSmanagers.NooneatBoeingresignedaftertheJALcrash,whichmayhavebeencausedbyafaultyBoeingrepair.Thedifferencebetweenthetwobusinessculturescentersarounddifferentdefinitionsofdelegation.WhileUSexecutivesgivebothresponsibility

andauthoritytotheiremployees,Japaneseexecutivesdelegateonlyauthorityresponsibilityisstilltheir.AlthoughthesubsidiarythatsoldthesensitivetechnologytotheSovietshaditsownmanagement,theToshibatopexecutivessaid

–thetheythe

“musttakepersonalresponsibilityfornotcreatingToshibagroupthatwouldmakesuchactivity

anatmospherethroughoutunthinkable,eveninanindependentlyrunsubsidiary.

”SuchacceptanceofcommunityresponsibilityisnotuniquetobusinessesinJapan.SchoolprincipalsinJapanhaveresignedwhentheirstudentscommittedmajorcrimesafterschoolhours.Eveniftheydonotquit,Japaneseexecutiveswilloftenacceptprimaryresponsibilityinotherways,suchastakingthefirstpaycutwhenacompanygetsintofinancialtrouble.Suchpersonalsacrifices,eveniftheyarelargelysymbolic,helptocreatethesenseofcommunityandemployeeloyaltythatiscrucialtotheJapanesewayofdoingbusiness.HarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorGeorgeLodgecallstheritualacceptanceofblame“almostafeudal（封建的）wayofpurging（除去）thecommunityofdishonor,”andtosomeintheUnitedStates,suchresignationslookcowardly.However,inanerainwhichbothbusinessandgovernmentalleadersseemparticularlygoodatevadingresponsibility,manyUSmanagerswouldprobablywelcomeaninfusion

（灌輸）oftheJapanese,USautomobilecompanyexecutivesofferedtoreducetheirownsalariesbeforetheyaskedtheirworkerstotakepaycuts,negotiationswouldprobablytakeonaverydifferentcharacter.(341)WhydidthechairmanofToshibaresignhispositionin1987?InJapan,theleakageofastatesecrettoRussiansisagravecrime.Hehadbeenunderattackforshiftingresponsibilitytohissubordinates.C.InJapan,thechiefexecutiveofacorporationisheldresponsibleforthemistakemadebyitssubsidiaries.D.Hehadbeenaccusedofbeingcowardlytowardscrisesthatweretakingplaceinhiscorporation.Accordingtothepassage,ifyouwanttobeagoodmanagerinJapan,youhaveto.A.apologizepromptlyforyoursubordinates

’

mistakesB.beskillfulinacceptingblamesfromcustomersC.makesymbolicsacrificeswhenevernecessaryD.createastrongsenseofcompanyloyalty38.What’sProfessorGeorgeLodge’sattitudetowardstheresignationscorporateleaders?A.Sympathetic.B.Biased.C.Critical.D.Approving.

ofJapaneseWhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?BoeinghadnothingtodowiththeJALaircrashin1985.Americanexecutivesconsiderauthorityandresponsibilityinseparable.C.Schoolprincipalsbearlegalresponsibilityforstudents’crimes.D.Persuadingemployeestotakepaycuts

doesn’t

help

solve

corporate

crises.40.Thepassageismainlyabout.A.resignationasaneffectivewayofdealingwithbusinesscrisesB.theimportanceofdelegatingresponsibilitytoemployeesC.waysofevadingresponsibilityintimesofcrisesD.thedifferencebetweentwobusinessculturesPartBDirections:Readthefollowingtextanddecidewhethereachofthestatementsistrueorfalse.ChooseTifthestatementistrueorFifthestatementisnottrue.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Goodgradesandhightestsscoresstillmatter—alot—tomanycollegesastheyawardfinancialaid.Butwithlow-incomestudentsprojectedtomakeupanever-largershareofthecollege-boundpopulationincomingyears,someschoolsarere-examiningwhetherthataid,typicallyknownas“meritaid

”,isthemosteffectiveuseofpreciousinstitutionaldollars.GeorgeWashingtonUniversityinWashington,D.C.,forexample,proclaimedlastweekthatitwouldcutthevalueofitsaveragemeritscholarshipsbyaboutone-thirdandreducethenumberofrecipients,pouringthesavings,about$2.5million,intoneed-orientedaid.AlleghenyCollegeinMeadville,Pa.,madeasimilardecisionthreeyearsago.Notallcollegesoffermeritaid;generally,themoreselectiveaschool,thelesslikelyitistodoso.HarvardandPrinceton,forexample,offergenerousneed-orientedpackages,butmanyfamilieswhodon’tmeetneedeligibilityhavebeenwillingtopaywhatevertheymustforabig-nameschool.Forsmallregionalcollegesthatstrugglejusttofillseats,meritaidcanbeanimportantrevenue-builderbecausemanyrecipientsstillpayenoughtuitiondollarsoverandabovethescholarshipamounttokeeptheinstitutionrunning.Butforrankings-consciousschoolsinbetween,meritaidhasservedprimarilyasatooltorecruittopstudentsandtoimprovetheiracademicprofits.“They’retryingtobuystudents,”saysSkidmoreCollegeeconomistSandyBaum.Studiesshowmeritaidalsotendstobenefitdisproportionatelystudentswhocouldaffordtoenrollwithoutit.“Aswelooktothefuture,weseeamorepressing

needtoinvestinneed-orientedaid,”saysMonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,whichhasofferedmeritscholarshipsfor10years.Duringthattime,itroseinUSNews&WorldReport’srankingofthebestliberalartscolleges,f25to17.Meritaid,whichbenefitedabout75studentsayear,orabout4%ofits

romstudent

body,atacostofabout$1million

ayear,

“serveduswell,

”

Inzer

says,but

“tobediscountingthepriceforfamiliesthatdon

’tneedfinancialaiddoesn’tfeelrightanymore.

”Need-orientedaidremainsbyfarthelargestshareofallstudentaid,whichincludesstate,federalandinstitutionalgrants.Butmeritaid,offeredprimarilybyschoolsandstates,isgrowingfaster,bothoverallandattheinstitutionallevel.Between1995-96and2003-04,institutionalmeritaidaloneincreased212%,comparedwith47%forneed-orientedgrants.Atleast15statesalsooffermeritaid,typicallyinabidtoenrolltopstudentsinthestate’spublicinstitutions.Butinrecentyears,agrowingchorusofcriticshasbegunpressuringschoolstodropthepractice.RecentdecisionsbyHamiltonandothersmaybe

“asignthatpeoplearestartingtorealizethatthere

’sthisdestructivecompetitiongoingon,”saysBaum,co-authorofarecentCollegeReportthatraisesconcernsabouttheroleofinstitutionalaidnotbasedonneed.DavidLaird,presidentoftheMinnesotaPrivateCollegeCouncil,saysmanyofhisschoolswouldliketoreducetheirmeritaidbutfearthatindoingso,theywouldlosetopstudentstotheircompeti