植物保護(hù)專業(yè)英語電子教案

PlantPathology

DepartmentofPlantPathologyNanjingAgriculturalUniversity第一頁，共10頁。Generalintroduction(4h)IntroductiontoPlantPathology(6h)Plantdiseasescausedbyfungi(4h)Plantdiseasescausedbyprokaryotes(2h)Plantdiseasescausedbynematodes(2h)Content

第二頁，共10頁。DiseaseandplantdiseaseModesofnutritionofmicro-organismsSymptomsofdiseaseKoch’spostulatesFactorsaffectingdiseasedevelopmentGeneralintroduction

第三頁，共10頁。mycoplasmas支原體substrate基質(zhì)或底物saprophytes腐生物parasites寄生物symbiotic共生sootymoulds煤污病,obligateparasites專性寄生物facultativeparasites兼性寄生物biotrophs活體營養(yǎng)damping–off腐爛(fǔlàn)necrotrophs死體營養(yǎng)waterlogged浸水的symptoms癥狀discolorations變色abnormalgrowth畸形rot腐爛(fǔlàn)pycnidia分生孢子器physiologicalwilts生理性萎焉Translations第四頁，共10頁。koch’spostulate科赫氏假設(shè)（rule法則）softrotofpotatoes馬鈴薯軟腐病Erwiniacarotovarasubsp.carotovora胡蘿卜軟腐菌胡蘿卜亞種implicate涉及stembaserotofcereals禾谷莖基腐病Pseudocercosporellaherpotrichoides(thecauseofeyespot眼點(diǎn))小麥基腐病菌(bìngjūn)brownfootrot褐色根腐病Rhizoctoniacerealis禾谷絲核菌sharpeyespot紋枯病、立枯病、尖眼點(diǎn)病synergistically互相作用的，促進(jìn)的Septoriatritici小麥葉枯病病菌(bìngjūn)S.nodorum小麥穎枯病病菌(bìngjūn)第五頁，共10頁。inoculation接種inoculum接種物、接種體復(fù)數(shù)：inoculaultra-violetlight紫外光rain-splashedfungalspores雨水飛濺傳播(chuánbō)的真菌孢子simulate模仿aphid蚜蟲Erysiphegraminispowderymildewofcereals禾谷類作物白粉病multiply繁殖，增加diseasecomplex病害復(fù)合體buildup建立colonization定殖reproduction繁殖第六頁，共10頁。5.Factorspropagules(inoculum)繁殖體thequantityofinitialinoculum初侵染量transient短暫的firstinfection初侵染furtherinfection再侵染sclerotialinoculum菌核接種oilseedrape油菜Sclerotiniasclerotiorum油菜菌核病菌stemrot莖腐sclerotia菌核balance平衡critical批判的，aggressivequality侵襲力soil-borne土傳Gaeumannomycesgraminis禾頂囊殼take-allofcereals小麥全蝕病eradicate完全根除negligible可忽略的，去足輕重的starveout因饑餓(jīè)而減少第七頁，共10頁。humidity濕度，潮濕rainfall下雨，雨量inhibit阻止，抑制early-sownwinterbarley早播冬大麥frost霜凍subsequentinfection再侵染snowmoldofcereals禾谷雪霉病snow-cooldampcondition雪冷的濕度條件下earblightofcereals禾谷穗疫病conducive導(dǎo)致的，有助于的pustule膿皰latentperiod潛伏期epidemic流行病blackstemrust桿銹病interval間隔striking突出的，顯著的unventilated不通風(fēng)的，空氣不流暢的dew水珠(shuǐzhū)，露水potatoblight馬鈴薯晚疫病Phytophthorainfestans致病疫霉菌germination萌芽germ-tube芽管exception例外adversely相反的第八頁，共10頁。sporulation孢子形成，產(chǎn)孢子severity嚴(yán)格，苛刻proportional成比例的drainedsoil可排灌地motilezoospore運(yùn)動(dòng)(yùndòng)的游動(dòng)孢子tuberinitiation薯塊發(fā)芽prone易于的，可能的commonscabonpotatoes馬鈴薯瘡痂病Streptomycesscabies瘡痂鏈霉菌powderyscab馬鈴薯粉痂病Spongosporasubterraneanirrigate灌溉disperse散開，傳播第九頁，共10頁。clubrootofbrassicas蕓薹根腫病Plasmodiophorabrassicaedramatic戲劇性的，引人注目的incidence發(fā)生率manipulation操作，處理limingofsoil土壤石灰(shíhuī)化fairlywidespreadp