M5U1 Grammar and usage 模塊5第一單元語法

GRAMMARANDUSAGE★

Toinfinitive

★Bareinfinitive

★

Verb-ingformasanoun語法講解建議采用歸納法，如盡可能多的呈現(xiàn)一些相關(guān)例句，或可讓學(xué)生從已學(xué)課文中找相應(yīng)例句，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生試著從所觀察到的語言現(xiàn)象中總結(jié)出語言規(guī)則和語法規(guī)律。ObjectivesTorecognizethebasicformsof“toinfinitive”and“bareinfinitive”Tolearnhowtouse“toinfinitive”and“bareinfinitive”indifferentsituationsTolearnhowtousethe“verb-ing”formasanouninvarioussituationsIwaswatchinganEnglishprogrammeat8o'clockyesterday.ReviewReviewthebasicsentenceelements.(S=subject,P=predicate,O=object,Adv=adverbial)SPOAdvThegamesof2006WorldCupareexciting.Ilostmyhistorybook.Hemadetheroomcleanandtidy.

ReviewobjectcomplementtheattributivethepredicativeImustbereallystupidtofail

asimplemathquiz.Ipretendedtobe

cheerful,…Wewentto

wash

ourhandsinthegirl’sroom,…Iwasshockedtofind

apieceofpaperinpaperonmydesk…Wecalltheredwords——toinfinitive動詞不定式SentencesfromReading:什么是動詞不定式？動詞不定式是由to+動詞原形構(gòu)成的,例如todo和towork。動詞不定式可以單獨使用或用作動詞不定式短語的一個部分。ToinfinitiveReadPoint1onPage8.Findoutwhat‘toinfinitive’canbeusedasinasentence?2.When‘toinfinitive’usesasasubject,theword‘it’usesas_________.3.ReadPoint2,andtellthat‘toinfinitive’canalsohavea___________or___________form.1.

‘toinfinitive’usedasthesubject

不定式(短語)作主語

eg.Toobeylawiseveryone'sduty.

遵紀守法是每個人的職責(zé)。

Toseeistobelieve.

眼見為實。

Totalkwithyourmouthfullisrude.

滿嘴食物地講話是不禮貌的。Notes

Itisimpossibletofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.

在如此短的時間內(nèi)完成這項工作是不可能的。

Itisusefulforyoutolearnsome

spokenEnglish.

學(xué)習(xí)一些口語對你來說是有用的。

2.‘toinfinitive’usedastheobject

不定式(短語)作賓語eg.Hemanagedtosolvetheproblem

byhimself.

他自己設(shè)法解決了問題。

Iliketoreadnewspaperarticles

aboutsports.

我喜歡讀一些體育方面的新聞報道。

Amywantstoknowmoreaboutthe

film.

安米想知道更多的關(guān)于這部電影的情況。want,hope,wish,like,begin,start,agree,learn,mean,teach,refuse,help,arrange,dare,decide,determine,fail,manage,offer,prepare,pretend,continue,ask,promise,expect,choose,preferThefollowingwordsareusuallyfollowedby‘toinfinitive’astheobject:3.‘toinfinitive’usedastheobjectcomplement

不定式(短語)作賓語補足語eg.I'dlikeyoutokeepeverythingtidy.

我希望你能使每樣?xùn)|西都保持整潔。

Theteacheraskedustofinishtheworktoday.

老師要我們今天完成工作。

TellJacktoclosethewindow,please.

請讓杰克關(guān)上窗戶。動詞make,let,have,hear,see,feel,watch,notice和observe后的賓語補足語，要省去"to"。eg.Theysawtheboyfallsuddenlyfromthetree.

他們看見那小男孩突然從樹上跌下來。

Thebossmadetheworkerswork14hoursaday.

老板讓工人們每天工作14小時。4.“toinfinitive”usedastheattributive

不定式(短語)作定語eg.Ihavealotofworktodo.

我有許多工作要做。

Ihavenoonetotalkto.

我沒有一個可以交談的人。

Heislookingforahousetolivein.

他正在找房子住。5.‘toinfinitive’usedasthepredicative

不定式(短語)作表語eg.Mywishistobeadoctor.

我的愿望是成為一名醫(yī)生。

Ourplanistofinishtheworkintwoweeks.

我們的計劃是兩周內(nèi)完成這項工作。

WhatIneedmostnowistohavea

goodrest.

我現(xiàn)在最需要的是好好休息。

6.‘toinfinitive’usedastheadverbialofasentencetoshowreason,purposeorresult

不定式(短語)作句子的原因、目的和結(jié)果狀語eg.Hecameheretoattendanimportant

meeting.(purpose)

他來這兒參加一個重要的會議。（目的）

Samwasverysurprisedtohearthenews.(reason)

薩姆聽到這個消息很吃驚。（原因）

Hewenthometofindhisoldfriend

Georgewaitingforhim.(result)

他到家發(fā)現(xiàn)他的老朋友喬治在等他。(結(jié)果）Whenweuse“toinfinitive”astheresultadverbial,itmeanstheresultisunexpectedorsurprising.eg.Hehurriedtotherailstation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.7.thecontinuousandperfectformsof‘toinfinitive’

不定式的進行式和完成式eg.Sheseemedtohaveheardofitalready.

她似乎已經(jīng)聽說過這件事了。

Whentheteachercamein,thestudentspretendedtobereadingloudly.

當(dāng)老師進來時，同學(xué)們假裝正在大聲讀書。Iwenttoseehim,________himout.A.finding B.find C.onlytofind D.foundCharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_________thefirstcomputer.toinvent B.tohaveinventedC.inventingD.havinginventedBareinfinitive(省略to的不定式)ReadthepointsonPage8.省略to的不定式用于：1)afterlet,make,have2)afterverbsofperception:feel,

hear,see,watch3)afterwouldrather,hadbetter,

whynot當(dāng)"make/let/have+sb.+do(sth.)"變成被動語態(tài)時，應(yīng)加上"to"。eg.Theworkersweremadetowork

14hoursadaybytheboss.

工人們被迫每天工作14個小時。NotesVerbsofperceptioncanalsobeusedwithdoing(sth.)butwithdifferentmeanings.Isawhertalktohernewfriends.我看到她和她的新朋友談話。(我目睹了整個談話過程。)NotesIsawhertalkingtohernewfriends.我看到她正在和她的新朋友談話。(當(dāng)我看到的時候，她正在談話。但我可能沒看到整個過程。)Weusethebareinfinitiveforthesecondinfinitivewhentwoinfinitivesarejoinedbyand,or,except,but,than,orratherthan.eg.Iforgottoturnoffthelightsandclose

thedoorwhenIleft.

我離開的時候忘記關(guān)燈、關(guān)門了。

Wedecidedtostayathomerather

thangotothecinema.

我們決定呆在家里，不去電影院了。

NotesPauldoesn'thavetobemade_______.Healwaysworkshard.A.learn B.tolearn C.learned D.learningJanewasmade________thetruckforaweekasapunishment.A.towash B.washing C.wash D.tobewashingVerb-ingformasanounVerb-ingformusedasthesubjectofasentenceeg.Layingeggsistheantqueen'sfull-timejob.產(chǎn)卵是蟻后的專職工作。

Itisnousearguingwithhim.

與他爭辯沒用。

Herswimminghasimprovedsinceshestartedtrainingeveryday.自從她開始訓(xùn)練以后，她的游泳進步的很快。

Verb-ingformusedastheobjectofasentenceeg.Ilikeswimming.

我喜歡游泳。

Hehasfinishedwritingthecomposition.

他已經(jīng)寫好了作文。

Helovesplayingfootball.

他喜歡踢足球。admit,dislike,imagine,delay,consider,mind,suggest,avoid,enjoy,practise,finish,miss,keep,understand…Weuseaverb-ingformaftertheseverbs:

Thefollowingphrasesarefollowedbytheverb-ingform:wouldyoumind,lookforwardto, can'tstand, putoff, giveup, stickto, beworth,

can'thelp,feellike,It'snouse/good...,keepon,devoteto,bebusy,getdownto…Someverbscanbefollowedbyaverb-ingformor‘toinfinitive’,butwithsomedifferencesinmeaningsorusage.regrettodo:抱歉要做某事

regretdoing:后悔做了某事

eg.Iregrettotellyouthatyouarefired.

我抱歉地告訴你你被解雇了。

Iregrettellinghimthetruth.

我后悔告訴他真相。

forgettodo:忘記去做某事

forgetdoing:忘記做了某事

eg.Heforgottoclosethedoorwhenheleft.

他離開時忘了關(guān)門了。

Iwillneverforgetwinningmyfirstgoldmedal.

我永遠忘不了我第一次獲得金牌的情況。remembertodo:記得要做某事

rememberdoing:記得曾經(jīng)做過的事eg.Remembertoposttheletterformeonyourwaytowork,OK?

在你上班的路上記得幫我把信寄了，好嗎？

Irememberseeingthismansomewhere.

我記得在哪兒見過這個人。meantodo:打算做某事

meandoing:意味著做某事eg.Imeantocomeearliertoday.

我今天打算早點來。

Missingthistrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.

錯過這列火車意味著又要等一個小時。trytodo:努力做某事

trydoing:嘗試做某事eg.Shetriedtofinishtheworkasquicklyasshecould.

她努力地要盡快完成這項工作。

Itrieddoingtheexerciseinadifferentway.

我嘗試用另一種方法解題。stoptodo:停下來做某事

stopdoing:停止做某事eg.Theworkersstoppedtohavearest.

工人們停下來休息。

Theworkersstoppedworkingandtookarest.

工人們停止了手中的活，休息一下。

goontodo:繼續(xù)做另一件事

goondoing:繼續(xù)做同一件事eg.Afterdoingthecooking,motherwentontodosomewashing.

飯做好后，媽媽又繼續(xù)洗衣服了。

Theworkerswentonworkingafterashortrest.

短暫的休息后，工人們又開始干活了。Verb-ingformusedasthepredicativeofasentenceeg.Herjobisteaching.

她的工作是教學(xué)。

Seeingisbelieving.眼見為實。Verb-ingformusedaspartoftheattributiveofasentenceeg.Thereisashoeintheswimmingpool.

游泳池內(nèi)有一只鞋。

Heisinthereadingroom.

他在閱覽室里。Verb-ingformusedafterprepositionseg.Ikeepfitbyswimmingeveryday.

我通過游泳來鍛煉身體。

Thankyouforhelpingme.

謝謝你幫助了我。

Ididn’tmeantohurtherbysaying

that.

我那樣說不是想要她受到傷害。Goon______theotherexerciseafteryouhavefinishedthisone.A.todo B.doing C.with D.tobedoingShedidn'tremember________himbefore.A.havingmet B.havemetC.tomeet D.tohavingmetIcanhardlyimaginePeter____acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.A.sail B.tosail C.sailing D.tohavesailedYouwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.Well,nowIregret_____that.A.todo B.tobedoing C.tohavedone D.havingdoneTimeforreflection‘Toinfinitive’canbeusedaswhat?Howabout‘verb-ing’?2.Speakoutatleastfiveverbsrespectivelythatcanbeusedafter‘toinfinitive’or‘verb-ing’.3.Whichverbscanbeusedasbareinfinitive(省略to的不定式)?請點擊QuizI:Multiplechoice.It’snouse____withouttakingaction.(2011上海)A.complainB.complainingC.beingcomplainedD.tobecomplained2.Todaywehavechatrooms,textmessaging,e-mailing…butweseem___theartofcommunicatingface-to-face.(2011上海)A.losingB.tobelosingC.tobelostD.havinglost3.MoreTVprograms,accordingtogovernmenttoofficials,willbeproduced___people’sconcernoverfoodsafety.(2011重慶)A.toraiseB.raisingC.tohaveraisedD.havingraised4.It’simportantforthefigures___regularly.(2011北京)A.tobeupdatedB.tohavebeenupdatedC.toupdateD.tohaveupdated5.Lindadoesn’tfeellike___abroad.Herparentsareold.(2011四川)A.studyB.studyingC.studiedD.tostudy6.Simonmadeabigbamboobox___thelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.(2011四川)A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep7.The

ability___anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.(2011湖南)A.expressingB.expressedC.toexpressD.tobeexpressed8.Passengersarepermitted___onlyone