初中英語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)講解與訓(xùn)練

直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)的講解直接引語(yǔ)(DirectSpeech)：當(dāng)我們引用別人的話語(yǔ)時(shí)，若引用的是原話，被引用的部分叫直接引語(yǔ)。間接引語(yǔ)(IndirectSpeech)：當(dāng)我們引用別人的話語(yǔ)時(shí)，也可以用自己的話把意思轉(zhuǎn)述出來(lái)，這種轉(zhuǎn)述的別人說(shuō)話的部分叫做間接引語(yǔ)。典型例句：1.Shesaid,”IlikeEnglishverymuch.“(直接引語(yǔ))(她說(shuō)：“我非常喜歡英語(yǔ)”。)典型例句：2.ShesaidshelikedEnglishverymuch.(間接引語(yǔ))(她說(shuō)她非常喜歡英語(yǔ)。)一、直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)化陳述句的間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，引述動(dòng)詞通常是say,tell等。與此同時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和其他方面也要相應(yīng)有所變化，其中人稱的變化與漢語(yǔ)的變化是一致的。例1)Johnsaid,"I'vebeenlateagain.”—Johnsaidthathehadbeenlateagain.例2)Shesaid,”Weareveryfondofsports.”—Shesaidthattheywereveryfondofsports.疑問(wèn)句的間接引語(yǔ)1.一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用陳述語(yǔ)序，并要加連詞f或whether，其主句動(dòng)詞常用ask,wonder,wanttoknow,didn'tknow等。句末不用問(wèn)號(hào)。例1)Myteacheraskedme,“DoyoulikeAmericancountrymusic?”—Myteacheraskedmeif/whetherIlikedAmericancountrymusic.2.反意疑問(wèn)句反意疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)述為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要把它看成是一般疑問(wèn)句，即句型為陳述句，在句子前面加訐或whether，往往后面還要加上ornot,常用whetherornot.例1)Shecried,”Youhavemadeabigmistake,haven'tyou?”—ShecriedwhetherIhadmadeabigmistakeornot.否定的一般疑問(wèn)句和選擇問(wèn)句如果直接引語(yǔ)為否定的一般問(wèn)句或選擇疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，用whetherornot連接。例1)Shesaid,Don'tyouknowmytelephonenumber—SheaskedmewhetherIknewhertelephonenumberornot.例2)DoyoulikethisoneorthatoneTomasked.—TomaskedmewhetherIlikedthisoneorthatone.特殊疑問(wèn)句間接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)前仍然用特殊疑問(wèn)詞作為連詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，注意從句必須用陳述語(yǔ)序，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用ask。例1)Heasked,“Howdoyoulikeit?”—HeaskedmehowIlikedit.例2)Sheaskedme,“What'sthematterwithyou?”—Sheaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.例3)”Howmanybooksdoyouhave?”sheasked.—SheaskedmehowmanybooksIhad.祈使句的間接引語(yǔ)1．直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)往往用復(fù)合賓來(lái)表示，其結(jié)構(gòu)為主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（動(dòng)詞不定式）。引述動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)口氣選用tell,ask,order,command,request等詞，句中please去掉。例1）Shesaidtome,"Pleasehavearest.JSheaskedmetohavearest.例2）”Don'tallansweratonce”,shesaidtothepupils.fShetoldthepupilsnottoanswerallatonce.帶有l(wèi)et的祈使句（表示請(qǐng)求，建議或命令），可用suggest+-ing形式或suggest+that從句來(lái)表示其相應(yīng)的意思。例1）”Let'sgoforawalk”,saidthegirl.fThegirlsuggestedgoingforawalk.例2）Theteachersaid,“LetLilytidytheclassroom.”fTheteachersuggestedthatLilyshouldtidytheclassroom.感嘆句的間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)是感嘆句變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，多采用賓語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)，既可用what或how引導(dǎo)，也可用that引導(dǎo)。例1）”Whatacleverboyyouare!”Myteachersaidtohim.—Myteachertoldhimwhatacleverboyhewas.—Myteachertoldhimthathewasaverycleverboy.例2）Shesaid,”Howinterestingthefilmis!”—Shesaidthathowinterestingthefilmwas.有些感嘆句可以根據(jù)原句的意思，采用適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞變?yōu)殛愂鼍?，不需用間接賓語(yǔ)來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)述。例1）“Help!“hecried.—Hecalledforhelp.例2）”HappyChristmas!”hesaid.—HewishedmeahappyChristmas.“Wouldyouplease?“如何變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)“Wouldyouplease?“雖然是個(gè)一般疑問(wèn)句，但它表示的是”請(qǐng)求”，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用動(dòng)詞不定式來(lái)表示。句型：主語(yǔ)+ask/invite+賓語(yǔ)+不定式例1）”Wouldyoupleasehavelunchwithmetomorrow?”MrZhouaskedme.—MrZhouasked/invitedmetohavelunchwithhimthenextday.二、間接引語(yǔ)中的詞語(yǔ)變化直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)以及主謂語(yǔ)詞序往往要作相應(yīng)的變化。時(shí)態(tài)的變化，直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，主句動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)若是過(guò)去時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)要變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。直接引語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)間接引語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)（不變）一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)仃時(shí)shallshouldshouldshould（不變）willwouldwouldwould（不變）maymightmightmight（不變）cancouldcouldcould（不變）例1）Shesaid,”Ilikemathsverymuch.”（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）fShesaidthatshelikedmathsverymuch.（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）例2）Hesaid,“I'veneverseenthisman.”（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）fHesaidthathehadneverseenthatman.（過(guò)去完成時(shí)）例3）Joesaid,”I'mlisteningtomusicinmyroom.”（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）fJoesaidthathewaslisteningtomusicinhisroom.（過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)）重要提示1：當(dāng)引語(yǔ)表示一般真理或客觀事實(shí)時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)化為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變，并且要使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：例1）Heasked,“whichstaristhebiggest?”fHeaskedwhichstaristhebiggest.例2）Theteachertoldus,”Theearthgoesaroundthesun.”fTheteachertoldustheearthgoesaroundthesun.重要提示2：當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)有確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不需變化。例1）Chloesaid,”Thestorytookplaceinthe1930s.”fChloesaidthatthestorytookplaceinthe1930s.B.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和指示代詞的變化直接引語(yǔ)中的狀語(yǔ)、指示代詞間接引語(yǔ)中的狀語(yǔ)、指示代詞todaythatday當(dāng)天yesterdaythedaybefore前一天tomorrowthenextday/thefollowingday第二天nextweek/month/yearthenextweek/month/yearlastweek/month/yeartheweek/month/yearbeforeagobeforethree/four/yearsagothree/four/yearsbeforein2008in2008（不變）nowthen那時(shí)sofarbythenheretherethisthatthesethosethedaybeforeyesterday前天twodaysbefore兩天前thedayaftertomorrow后天intwodays'time/twodaysafter兩天后C.方向性動(dòng)詞的變化在直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示方向性的動(dòng)詞bring,come應(yīng)變?yōu)閠ake,go。例1）Mysisteraskedme,”Couldyoubringthechairsupstairs?”fMysisteraskedmeifIcouldtakethechairsupstairs.Exercises:II.將下列直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化為間接引語(yǔ)。1.“Myparentsareverywell.“saidTom.f2.Heasked,“Tom,wheredidyoureadit?”—>—>Thedoctorsaid,”Stayinbedforafewdays.”—>Tomsaid”Iwokeupfeelingill."—>Hesaid,”I'lltellAnnIsawyou.”—>“Ishedoinghishomework?”Jimasked.—>Doyouliketomakefriendswithus？Heasked.—>Tinasaid,”Iusuallygetupatsix.”—>Nellsaid,"Ihaveworkedoutthisproblem."—>Joannasaid,"ProfessorBlackisgoingtogivealecturenextweek."—>Theboysaid,"ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere."—>Hesaid:“I'veleftmybookinmyroom."—>Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Don'twasteyourtime."—>Hesaidtome,“Iwasbornin1978."—>Theengineersaid,“Iwasatcollegein1967."—>"Wheredoesyourchemistryteacherlive,Karen?'theyoungmanasked.—>“Lighttravelsfasterthansound."thephysicsteachersaidtotheboysandgirls.—>“Whatdidyoudohereyesterday?"theoldmanaskedmybrother.—>Myfathersaid,“Practicemakesperfect."ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?”—>Theteachersaid,"Theearthgoesroundthesun.”—>"Howdoyoulikethefoodhere?”saidshe.—>Hesaid,"Iamproudofmymotherland."—>.Shesaidtome,"Havelunchwithus."—>"Becareful,anddon'tcutyourfinger,"hesaidtome.—>Themanaskedme,"Howmanytimeshaveyoubeenhere?"—>Shesaidtoherson,"Don'tforgettoturnoffthelightwhenyouleavetheroom!"—>Isaid,"Iwillgivehersomeadvicetomorrow."—>Marywroteinherletter,"Mr.Liu,whenwillyoucometoAmerica?"—>"Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime，”hisfathersaidtohim.—>Mr.Wangsaid，"IwillleaveforShanghaionbusinessnextmonth,children”—>"Ihaven'theardfrommyparentsthesedays，”saidMary.—>Shesaidtohim,"It'stimethatyoulefthere.”—>ZhangHongsaidtome，"DoctorWangpassedawayin1948.”—>Thehistoryteachersaidtothem，"TheChineseCommunistPartywasfoundedonJuly1st，1921.”—>Ann,haveyouseenmybluenotebook?”Peterasked.—>"Whatdifferencedoesitmake?”PeteraskedJim.—>"Isyourfath