Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案-高一英語(yǔ)牛津譯林版必修第三冊(cè)

必修三Unit4Scientistswhochangedtheworld復(fù)習(xí)Content必修三第四單元Scientistswhochangedtheworld復(fù)習(xí)Teachingobjectives1.知識(shí)目標(biāo)：學(xué)生能夠掌握短語(yǔ)和詞匯的基本含義2.技能目標(biāo)：學(xué)生能夠掌握短語(yǔ)和詞匯的基本用法3.情感目標(biāo)：學(xué)生能夠更有信心學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)Keypoints,Difficultpoints1.掌握短語(yǔ)和詞匯的基本含義2.掌握短語(yǔ)和詞匯的基本用法Teachingprocedure：Ⅰ.DictationI.核心單詞(A)寫(xiě)作詞匯-寫(xiě)詞形1.________n.學(xué)說(shuō),論;原理;看法,意見(jiàn)2.________adj.廣泛的;寬闊的，廣闊的；概括的；開(kāi)闊的3.________vi.&vt.想要，計(jì)劃；意指4.________n.藥草，香草；草本植物5.________n.實(shí)驗(yàn),試驗(yàn);嘗試，實(shí)踐vi.做實(shí)驗(yàn)，進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn);嘗試6.________n.試用，試驗(yàn)；審訊，審判;考驗(yàn)vi.&vt.測(cè)試，試驗(yàn)7.________adj.家庭的，家用的，家務(wù)的n.一家人，家庭8.________vt.延遲，延期9.________n.意外,偶然的事;事故,意外遭遇10.________vt.較喜歡;偏袒;有助于n.幫助，好事；贊同；偏袒11.________n.金屬12.________vt.&vi.充電；收費(fèi)；控告；譴責(zé)；使……承擔(dān)責(zé)任；使充滿(mǎn)n.收費(fèi)；控告；譴責(zé)；掌管13.________vt.包含;牽涉，影響;(使)參加14.________n.贊揚(yáng)，認(rèn)可；信用vt.存入金額；把……歸于15.________adj.道德的；道義上的；品行端正的n.品行，道德；寓意16.________n.權(quán)威;權(quán)力；官方17.________vt.表明，宣稱(chēng)；公布，宣布；申報(bào)18.________vt.出版，發(fā)行；發(fā)表;公布19.________n.結(jié)婚，婚姻；已婚狀態(tài)(B)閱讀詞匯一明詞義1.malarian.________2.provincen.________3.extractn.________vt.________4.datan.________5.illustratevt.________6.penicillinn.________7.mouldn.________vt.________8.bacteria(sing.bacterium)n.________9.lightningn.________10.thunderstormn.________11.ribbonn.________12.bangn.________vi.&vt.________13.standoutadj.________n.________14.atomicadj.________15.bombn.________vt.________16.eviln.________adj.________(C)拓展詞匯一靈活用1.________adj.致命的；十足的，徹底的→n.________死者adj.死的；麻木的；無(wú)活力的adv.完全地；絕對(duì)地→________n.死亡；死亡狀態(tài)；滅亡2.________n.生存，存活；殘存物，幸存事物________vi.生存；存活；繼續(xù)存在vt.&vi.幸存；艱難度過(guò)vt.比……活的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)3.________adj.有限的→________n.限度,限制，界限vt.限制→________n.限制；局限4.________n.容器；集裝箱，貨柜→________vt.包含；容納5.________adj.足夠的，充足的→________n.充足；足量→________adv.足夠地；充分地6.________n.智慧，才智；明智；知識(shí)，學(xué)問(wèn)→________adj.英明的；明智的→________adv.聰明地；明智地；英明地7.________adj.有益的，有用的→________n.利益，好處；優(yōu)勢(shì)；義演v.有益于；有助于；得益→________adv.獲利地；受益地8.________v.組織，實(shí)施；引導(dǎo)；舉止；傳導(dǎo)v.&v.指揮→________n.傳導(dǎo)→________adj.具有傳導(dǎo)性的9.________v.圍繞，環(huán)繞；包圍；與……緊密相關(guān)→________adj.周?chē)模桓浇摹鷂_______n.環(huán)境；周?chē)氖挛?0.________vt.表明；暗示；提及；指出→________n.跡象;標(biāo)示→________adj.指示的；表示……的，標(biāo)示的11.________adj.有才智的，聰明的；有智力的________n.智力；才智；智慧________adv.聰明地；機(jī)智地12.________n.政治家，從政者；投機(jī)鉆營(yíng)者時(shí)________adj.政治的；政黨的_______n.政治；政治信仰，政見(jiàn)；政治學(xué)13.________n.電,電能→________adj.電的，發(fā)電的，電動(dòng)的→________adj.發(fā)電的；用電的；電的、→________adv.電動(dòng)地；電地14.________adj.科學(xué)的，關(guān)于科學(xué)的，細(xì)致嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)摹鷂_______n.科學(xué)；自然科學(xué)；理科→________n.科學(xué)家15.________vt.&vi.應(yīng)用；申請(qǐng)；涂；有關(guān)→________n.申請(qǐng)；申請(qǐng)表；應(yīng)用→________n.申請(qǐng)者16.________adj.腦力的；有才智的，智力發(fā)達(dá)的n.知識(shí)分子，腦力勞動(dòng)者→________n.智力,才智17.________n.神秘；神秘的人(或事物)；懸疑作品→________adj.神秘的；難以理解的→________adv.神秘地，難以理解地18.________n.自由→________vt.釋放；使自由；解放adj.自由的；免費(fèi)的；空閑的adv.自由地；免費(fèi)19.________vt.&vi.允許,準(zhǔn)許,許可;使有可能n.許可證→________n.許可;批準(zhǔn);許可證→________adj.放任的;縱容的20.________n.責(zé)任，負(fù)責(zé)；職責(zé)，義務(wù)→________adj.有責(zé)任的，責(zé)任重大的，負(fù)責(zé)的21.________n.國(guó)籍；民族________n.國(guó)民，公民adj.國(guó)家的，全國(guó)的；國(guó)有的________n.國(guó)家；民族22.________n.進(jìn)化；演變，發(fā)展→________v.逐步發(fā)展，逐漸演變；進(jìn)化，進(jìn)化形成I.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1._____________參考，查閱;提到,談及2._____________(使)加速3.payoff_____________4._____________偶然，意外地5._____________很成功；引人注目，有強(qiáng)烈影響6._____________使某人失望7.asto_____________8._____________想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為，認(rèn)為……理所當(dāng)然9._____________提出，提議，建議10.makeadifferenceto_____________11.makecontributionsto_____________12.thanksto_____________13._____________死于……14.becauseof_____________15._____________放棄16.largeamountsof_____________17.drawon/upon_____________18._____________對(duì)……有益19.pointout_____________20._____________充分利用21.catchtheattentionof_____________22.farfrom_____________23.beknownfor_____________24.workout_____________25._____________經(jīng)歷；討論；被通過(guò)；用完26._____________(以某種方式)發(fā)生；開(kāi)火，爆炸27.looklike_____________28._____________期望……；盼望……29.atrisk_____________30.devoteoneselfto_____________31._____________對(duì)……來(lái)說(shuō)是熟悉的32.providesb.withsth._____________Ⅲ.經(jīng)典結(jié)構(gòu)1.然而，直到20世紀(jì)70年代，在多次失敗的實(shí)驗(yàn)之后，屠呦呦才成功地發(fā)現(xiàn)了青蒿素。However,________________________________the1970s________Tusucceededindiscoveringqinghaosu,aftermanyfailedexperiments.2.如果沒(méi)有足夠的中醫(yī)和西醫(yī)知識(shí)，屠呦呦可能永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)青蒿素。________hersufficientknowledgeofbothtraditionalChinesemedicineandWesternmedicine,Tuqinghaosu.3.他觀察到霉菌周?chē)募?xì)菌都死了。Heobservedthatthebacteria________________________weredead.4.最后，他的工作引起了其他一些能夠做到這一點(diǎn)的科學(xué)家的注意。Finally,hisworkcaughttheattentionofsomeotherscientists________________________________________________.5.富蘭克林讓他的理論被許多人接受了。Franklin________________________________________________________.6.當(dāng)然，如果我們做了善事，不僅歸功于科學(xué)，還歸功于引導(dǎo)我們行善的道德選擇。Ofcourse,ifwemakegoodthings,itisnotonlytothecreditofscience;itisalsotothecreditofthemoralchoice________________________________goodwork.IV.長(zhǎng)難句分析1.TuYouyouhasbecomethefirstfemalescientistofthePeople'sRepublicofChinatoreceiveaNobelPrize,awardedforhercontributiontothefightagainstmalaria,oneofthedeadliestdiseasesinhumanhistory.分析：該句為簡(jiǎn)單句。動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)toreceiveaNobelPrize作thefirstfemaleChinesescientist的_________；oneofthedeadliestdiseasesinhumanhistory作malaria的_________。句意：屠呦呦成為中華人民共和國(guó)第一位獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的女科學(xué)家。她獲獎(jiǎng)是因?yàn)樗诳箵舣懠仓凶龀龅呢暙I(xiàn)，瘧疾是人類(lèi)歷史上最致命的疾病之一。2.However,itwashardtoproduceenoughqinghaoextractforlargetrialsbecauseresearchresourceswerelimited.分析：該為主從復(fù)合句。it為_(kāi)________，真正的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)toproduce...largetrials;because引導(dǎo)_________從句。句意：但由于研究資源有限，難以生產(chǎn)出足夠的青蒿提取物進(jìn)行大規(guī)模試驗(yàn)。3.InherNobelLecture,TuYouyoureferredtothestrengthsofbothChinesemedicineandWesternmedicine,andpointedoutthatthereisgreatpotentialforfutureadvancesifscientistsmakegooduseofthesestrengths.分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句。句中第二個(gè)and連接兩個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ);that引導(dǎo)_________從句，其中if引導(dǎo)_________從句。句意：屠呦呦在她的諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲獎(jiǎng)感言中提到了中醫(yī)和西醫(yī)的優(yōu)勢(shì)，并指出，如果科學(xué)家充分利用這些優(yōu)勢(shì)，未來(lái)的進(jìn)步潛力巨大。4.Neverconcernedthattheanswermayletusdown,withpleasureandconfidenceweturnovereachnewstonetofindunimaginedstrangenessleadingontomorewonderfulquestionsandmysteries.分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句。Neverconcernedthattheanswermayletusdown作_________，其中that引導(dǎo)_________；現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)leadingonto...作名詞strangeness的后置定語(yǔ)。句意：我們從不擔(dān)心答案可能會(huì)令人失望，總是快樂(lè)而自信地開(kāi)始每一次新探索，發(fā)現(xiàn)一些意想不到的、稀奇古怪的東西，隨之而來(lái)的是更加奇妙的問(wèn)題和奧秘。5.Itisourresponsibilityasscientists,knowingthegreatprogressthatisthefruitoffreedomofthought,todeclarethevalueofthisfreedom;toteachhowdoubtisnottobefearedbuttobewelcomedanddiscussed;andtodemandthisfreedomasourdutytoallcominggenerations.分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句。It為_(kāi)________，真正的主語(yǔ)是todeclare...、toteach...、todemand...三個(gè)并列的不定式短語(yǔ)；knowingthegreatprogressthatisthefruitoffreedomofthought是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作_________。句意：作為科學(xué)家，我們明白巨大進(jìn)步源于思想自由，因此，我們有責(zé)任宣揚(yáng)這種自由的價(jià)值；有責(zé)任教育人們不要害怕疑問(wèn)，而應(yīng)對(duì)疑問(wèn)持歡迎態(tài)度并展開(kāi)討論；有責(zé)任強(qiáng)烈要求這種自由，這就是我們對(duì)后世的義務(wù)。V.必備語(yǔ)法1.________(surprise)bythis,Flemingperformedsometests.2.Theresultsindicatedthatsomething_________(produce)bythemouldhadkilledthebacteria.3.Hewasintelligentandexperiencedenoughtonoticeitspotential,andhishardworkanddeterminationhelpedgetitsmassProduction__________(start).Ⅱ.Languageendintentionn.[U,C]意圖；目的；企圖→intendvt.打算；意欲→intendedadj.有意的Inthe1960s,manypeopleweredyingofmalaria,andin1969Tubecameheadofateamthatintendedtofindacureforthedisease.在20世紀(jì)60年代，許多人死于瘧疾。1969年屠呦呦擔(dān)任了一個(gè)課題組的組長(zhǎng)，該課題組計(jì)劃找到該疾病的治療方法。知識(shí)點(diǎn)【情景導(dǎo)學(xué)】Althoughheresearchescloning,hisintentionhasneverbeentocreatecopiesofhumans.盡管他研究克隆技術(shù)，但他的目的從來(lái)都不是制造人類(lèi)的復(fù)制品。Theadvertisementisintendedforstudentsofallages.該廣告針對(duì)的是所有年齡的學(xué)生。Sayyouintendtowatchafootballmatchbuttheticketsareexpensiveanditwilltakeyouacoupleofhourstogettoandfromthestadium.假設(shè)你想要去看一場(chǎng)足球賽，但票價(jià)很貴并且你到體育館走一個(gè)來(lái)回需要花兩個(gè)小時(shí)。Theyhadintendedtogointothecountryfortheday,butitwasputoffbyreportsoftrafficjams.他們本來(lái)打算那天到鄉(xiāng)下去，但報(bào)道說(shuō)交通擁堵，這件事就推遲了。HeleftEnglandwiththeintentionoftravellinginAfrica.他離開(kāi)英格蘭，打算去非洲旅行。havenointentiontodosth./ofdoingsth.無(wú)意做某事withtheintentionof抱有……目的；打算withoutintention無(wú)意中；不是故意地byintention故意地intendtodo/doingsth.打算做某事beintendedfor專(zhuān)為……設(shè)計(jì)hadintendedtodosth./intendedtohavedone本打算做某事【溫馨貼士】intend，hope，expect，mean，plan，suppose，want等表示“打算”，“希望”，“預(yù)料”；“計(jì)劃”，“想”的動(dòng)詞，它們的“過(guò)去完成時(shí)＋動(dòng)詞不定式”＝“一般過(guò)去時(shí)＋完成時(shí)不定式”，意為“原本打算/希望/想……”?！炯磿r(shí)訓(xùn)練】Ⅰ.語(yǔ)境串詞(1)Inever________thingstoturnoutthewaytheydidandIhadleftwiththe_________offindingabetterjobforher.(intend)Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空(2)DennisWilliamsreceivedatextthatclearlywasn’tintendedhim.

(3)Iintended(join)inaDragonBoatTrainingCamp.

(4)Thelaw(intend)toprotectyoungandimpressionableviewers.

(5)Peter________________(intend)totakeajobinbusiness,butgaveup.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)(6)Peterintendedajobinbusiness,butgaveup.

Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,appsandapproaches__________(intend)topreventscammersfromgettingthrough.2.ButwhenDennisWilliamsreceivedatextthatclearlywasn'tintended__________him,hedidsomethingspecial.3.I,onbehalfoftheRoboticsHobbyGroup,intend__________(invite)youtojoinourteaminthecomingcompetition.4.Youwriteanunkindmessageaboutsomeone,__________(intend)tosendittoafriend,butaccidentallysendittothepersonyou'rediscussing.Ⅲ.單句改錯(cuò)5.ThejourneywasintendedachievemorethanwhatCaptainRobertFalconScotthaddone.Ⅳ.翻譯句子6.我想要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是我們團(tuán)隊(duì)正在招收新成員，我想邀請(qǐng)你加入。(intend)_____________________________________________________________________7.我寫(xiě)這封信的目的是想邀請(qǐng)你參加我們這幾天要進(jìn)行的一次遠(yuǎn)足。(intention)_____________________________________________________________________2.refertoreferv.提及；參照→referencen.提及；參考文獻(xiàn)referto談及，提到；與……相關(guān)，涉及；查閱，參考 【原文再現(xiàn)】IampleasedtohavethischancetodaytotalktoyouabouttheUnitedNations,ortheUN,asitismoreoftenreferredto.我很高興今天有機(jī)會(huì)跟大家談?wù)劼?lián)合國(guó)，聯(lián)合國(guó)也叫UN——這個(gè)名稱(chēng)更常用。Whentheyfailedtoproduceanypromisingresults,TureferredtotheancientbooksoftraditionalChinesemedicineagain.當(dāng)它們沒(méi)有產(chǎn)生任何預(yù)期的效果時(shí)，屠呦呦再次去查閱中醫(yī)藥典籍?！厩榫皩?dǎo)學(xué)】Shereferredtoahistorybooktofindouttheexactdateoftheevent.她查閱了一本歷史書(shū)以弄清該事件發(fā)生的確切日期。ThecasewasreferredtotheCourtofAppeal.這個(gè)案子被送交到了上訴法院。You'dbetterwritedownthephonenumberofthatrestaurantforfuturereference.你最好記下那家餐館的電話號(hào)碼，以備日后作參考。Thescientistreferredtothediscoveryasthemostexcitingnewdevelopmentinthisfield.這位科學(xué)家把這一發(fā)現(xiàn)稱(chēng)作是這個(gè)領(lǐng)域最令人興奮的新發(fā)展。Inreferencetoyourletteryesterday,wecan'taccepttheoffer.關(guān)于你昨天的來(lái)信，我們不能接受信中的建議。(1)referto...as把……稱(chēng)為refersth./sb.tosth./sb.將……送交給(以求獲得幫助等)(征詢(xún)意見(jiàn))(2)referencen.提及；查閱，參考；推薦信；介紹人in/withreferenceto(所述內(nèi)容)關(guān)于【溫馨貼士】“查詞典”的表達(dá)方式還有：refertoadictionary;looksth.upinthedictionary。?！炯磿r(shí)訓(xùn)練】Ⅰ.語(yǔ)法填空(1)Iamwritingtoyou_______referencetothejobopeninginyourdepartment.(2)Whenyouneedtorememberaphonenumber,ashoppinglistorasetofinstructions,yourelyonwhatpsychologistsandneuroscientistsreferto__________workingmemory.(3)Askyourteachertoactasoneofyour__________(refer)ifyouwanttojointheclub.(4)Mycomplaintwas________(refer)tothemanufacturers.(5)Inhisspeech,theCanadianversionofThanksgivinghereferredto______(prove)tousthatitisoftenseenasatimetosimplyrelaxandeatgoodfood.(6)Thetrend,then,wastowardthe“pennypaper"--atermreferring_______papersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic.(7)Pleasedonotincludecovers.Alistof_________(refer)mustbeincluded.(8)WangShu,a49-year-oldChinesearchitect,wonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrize-whichisoftenreferredto_____theNobelPrizeinarchitecture--onFebruary28.(9)If,oneweekfromthedateofwrittennotice,thepetisnotremoved,thestudentwillbereferred______theStudentCourt.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1.Infact,traditionalsorefertothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated.Ⅲ.翻譯句子1.However,wearenotallusingthesamereferencestandardtoweighrisksandrewards.______________________________________________________________________3.speedspeedup加速;加快speedup加速;加快Newsflash:AnewservicehasjustopenedbetweenBeijingandDalianandthishasspeededuptravelbetweenthetwocities.新聞快訊:在北京和大連之間剛剛開(kāi)通了一項(xiàng)新的列車(chē)服務(wù),這加速了兩個(gè)城市之間的旅行。athigh/low/full/topspeed以高/低/全/最高速ataspeedof以……速度pickupspeed/gatherspeed加速slowdown減速withallspeed盡快地at/withlightningspeed以閃電般的速度【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】完成句子（1）他們將加快能源生產(chǎn)。Theywillenergyproduction.（2）突然停下可能是一次非?？膳碌慕?jīng)歷，尤其是你正在高速行進(jìn)時(shí)。Asuddenstopcanbeaveryfrighteningexperience,especiallyifyouaretravelling.（3）無(wú)線電波也以光速傳播。Radiowavesalsotravel.4.payoffpayoff還清(債務(wù));回報(bào),成功;付清工資后解雇(某人)TheeffortsofTuandherteamfinallypaidoff.屠呦呦和其團(tuán)隊(duì)的努力終于有了回報(bào)?！厩榫皩?dǎo)學(xué)】Allmyyearsoftrainingasanexplorerhavefinallypaidoff!我作為探險(xiǎn)家的多年訓(xùn)練終于獲得了回報(bào)！Theyhaveamortgagetopayoff.他們有一筆抵押貸款要還清。Shedidpart-timejobstogetmoremoneytopayforschool.她做兼職工作以掙更多的錢(qián)來(lái)支付學(xué)費(fèi)。Youmayrelyonitthathewillpaybackallthedebts.你可以相信他會(huì)償還所有的債務(wù)。Timepermitting,youcanpayavisittosomeplacesofinterestinHangzhou.如果時(shí)間允許，你可以在杭州參觀一些有趣的地方。Studentsmustpayattentiontotheirsafetyonthewaytoschool.學(xué)生們?cè)谌W(xué)校的路上必須注意安全。歸納拓展payback償還,報(bào)復(fù)payfor付款payup總算付清全部欠款payincash用現(xiàn)金支付payavisitto參觀;拜訪payattentionto注意;留心【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Becauseofourefforts，ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemotherwasunabletopay__________herholidayduetoillness.2.WeboughtoneontheInternetactually.Butcouldyoupayus__________.3.HannahstillhasthenormallifeofaWinnipegschoolgirl,exceptthatshepaysregularvisits__________homelesspeople.4.Supposeyou’reinarush,feelingtired,not__________(pay)attentiontoyourscreen,andyousendanemailthatcould5.Tothinkheissleepingonthestreetstonightwhenhecouldhavestolenthemoneyandpaid_________aplacetostayin.6.Theynolongerpaidattention________thebirdandneverlearnedwhatitwasdoing.Ⅱ.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子Becauseofourefforts,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemotherwasunableto________________(支付)herholidayduetoillness.Ⅲ.選詞填空8.Iwasreadyto_____________(payoff/payfor/payback)mybananasatthegroceryonenight,whenfearseizedme.9.Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelps__________(payoff/payfor/payback)research.benefitvt.&vi.使受益;得益于n.益處;救濟(jì)金;資金→beneficialadj.有益的→【同】profitv.有益于；獲利n.利潤(rùn)；利益benefitvt.&vi.使受益;得益于n.益處;救濟(jì)金;獎(jiǎng)金【原文再現(xiàn)】Alloftheseadsaremeanttobenefitthepublic,andyoucanoftenlearnalotbyfollowingtheadvicetheygive.所有這些廣告旨在使公眾受益,而且通過(guò)遵循它們提供的建議,你往往就能學(xué)到很多東西。歸納拓展benefitfrom從……中獲益beofbenefitto...對(duì)……有益forone’sbenefit/forthebenefitofsb.為了幫助某人;為了某人的利益beneficialadj.有益的bebeneficialto對(duì)……有益【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】I.語(yǔ)境填詞Thesuggestionsfromyourteacherissurelyofgreat__________,fromwhichyouwill__________alot.IfIwereyou,Iwouldfollowwhateveris__________tomygrowth.(benefit)II.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Theauthorbenefited__________hisexperienceinthedebateclub.2.Itis__________(benefit)tosomepeople,whileitputsothersintoadilemmaoverwhethertovoteornot.3.Thestudents__________(benefit)mostfromcollegearethosewhoaretotallyengagedinacademiclife,takingfulladvantageofthecollege’schancesandresources.6.surroundsurroundvt.圍繞,環(huán)繞→surroundingn.環(huán)繞物adj.四周的,環(huán)繞的→surroundingsn.環(huán)境，周?chē)氖挛飐urroundvt.圍繞,環(huán)繞【原文再現(xiàn)】(P18L2)Tosome,happinessisbeingsurroundedbyfamilyandfriends.對(duì)某些人來(lái)說(shuō),幸福就是有家人和朋友陪伴在自己身邊。surround...with...使……包圍……besurroundedby/with...被……包圍surroundingadj.周?chē)膕urroundingsn.環(huán)境,周?chē)氖挛铩炯磿r(shí)訓(xùn)練】語(yǔ)法填空(1)The(surround)villageshavebeenabsorbedbythegrowingcity.

(2)I'llshowyouaroundtheGreatWall,forI'mfamiliarwiththe_______________(surround)there.(3)Hetriedtorunawaybutgaveupwhenhefoundhimself(surround).

(4)Myhometownisabeautifulvillage,which(surround)bygreenmountainsandclearwater.

(5)Stevearrivedandsatinthefrontrow,__________(surround)byhisfamily..

7.favour*favourn.贊同；支持；恩惠；偏袒v.贊成；偏愛(ài)；有利于，有助于→favourableadj.贊同的；支持的；討人喜愛(ài)的Wouldanyonesaythatdevelopmentshouldbestoppedinfavourofnature?有人說(shuō)為了保護(hù)自然就應(yīng)該停止經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展嗎?asksb.afavour(＝askafavourofsb.)求某人幫一個(gè)忙doafavourforsb.(＝dosb.afavour)幫某人一個(gè)忙owesb.afavour欠某人的人情infavourof贊成，支持；主張inone’sfavour對(duì)某人有利favourableadj.有利的；贊許的；給人好印象的【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】Ⅰ.語(yǔ)法填空(1)Whencircumstancesare_________(favour),wemustnotforgetthattherewillstillbedifficulties.(2)Hehopedthejudgmentwouldbe__________hisfavour.(3)Wouldyoudomethefavour___________(open)thewindow?Ⅱ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換(4)MostofthemwereformyopinionwhileDavidwasagainstit.→Mostofthemwere____________________myopinionwhileDavidwasagainstit.(5)NowIwonderwhetheryoucoulddomeafavour.1→NowIwonderwhetheryoucould__________________________________________________.2→NowIwonderwhetherIcould________________________________________chargen.負(fù)責(zé)，掌管vt.&vi.充電；收費(fèi)；猛沖vt.控告；譴責(zé)；使承擔(dān)責(zé)任；使充滿(mǎn)；把……記在賬上→chargeableadj.應(yīng)支付的，可控訴的Whenathunderstormapproached,thelightningwouldchargethekey.當(dāng)雷雨來(lái)臨時(shí),閃電就會(huì)給鑰匙充電?！厩榫皩?dǎo)學(xué)】Youdon'thavetochargeyourmobilephoneallnight.你不必給手機(jī)整夜充電。Aslongasyoupayinadvance,wewon'tchargeyoufordelivery.只要你預(yù)先付款，我們就不收你送貨費(fèi)。Themanwhohadtakenchargeofthecompanywaschargedwithtakingdrugs.曾經(jīng)掌管這家公司的那個(gè)人被指控吸毒。ThecompanyisinthechargeofTomwhilethebossisaway.=Tomisinchargeofthecompanywhilethebossisaway.老板不在時(shí)湯姆負(fù)責(zé)這家公司?！練w納拓展】①inchargeof__________________②inthechargeof__________________③freeofcharge免費(fèi)④takechargeof__________________⑤chargesb./sth._______為……向某人/某物要價(jià)⑥chargesb._______(doing)sth.控告/指責(zé)某人(做)某事Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Atfirstthepriceofsinglecopieswasseldomapenny--usuallytwoorthreecents________(charge)--andsomeoftheolderwell-knownpaperschargedfiveorsixcents.2.Farfrom_________(charge)consumershighprices,manyoftheseservicesarefree(userspay,ineffect,byhandingoveryetmoredata).Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)3Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20,halfofwhatitusedtocharging.Dependingonthetypeofallergiesand/ordietaryrequirements,anextrachargesmaybemadeforprovidingspecialfood.翻譯句子在兩周的時(shí)間里，我們舉辦了一系列關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)和運(yùn)動(dòng)的活動(dòng)，其中一些是由英國(guó)學(xué)生負(fù)責(zé)的。_____________________________________________________________9.involve參與10.credit信譽(yù)11.apply應(yīng)用*applyvi.申請(qǐng)vt.使用,應(yīng)用→appliedadj.應(yīng)用的→applicationn.申請(qǐng)(書(shū));應(yīng)用→applicantn.申請(qǐng)人，應(yīng)聘人In1998,heappliedtobeamemberofProject921,whichisnowcalledShenzhou.1998年他申請(qǐng)成為“921”計(jì)劃(現(xiàn)名“神舟”計(jì)劃)的成員。歸納拓展applysth.tosth.把某物應(yīng)用(涂抹)于……applyto適用于;申請(qǐng)applyto...for...向……申請(qǐng)applyoneselfto(=beappliedto)致力于/集中精力于……applicationn.應(yīng)用;申請(qǐng);敷用applicantn.申請(qǐng)人【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】I.語(yǔ)境串詞Interestedinthissubject,he__________tojointheresearchteam.Unfortunately,thoughthepromisedhewould__________himselftothisresearch,his__________wasrejected,astherewasanother__________whowasmorequalifiedfortheresearch.(apply)II.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.TheOnlineregistrationfeaturedoesnotapply__________evaluationregistration.2.Youcouldapply__________(be)aStewardshipYouthRangerandworkonlocalnaturalresourcemanagementprojectsforeightweeksthissummer.3.However,technologyisalsothe__________(apply)ofscientificknowledgetosolveaproblem，touchinglivesincountlessways.4.Itcanalsobepriceyiftheschoolsyouare__________(apply)tohappentobemorethanacarrideaway.5.Hewasoneof30__________(apply)forthemanager’sjob.12.permit*permissionn.準(zhǔn)許；許可→permitvt.準(zhǔn)許；許可permissionn.準(zhǔn)許;許可;批準(zhǔn)【原文再現(xiàn)】SincenoonereallyknowswhetherGMfoodissafe,manycountrieshavehesitatedtogivepermissionfortheproductionofGMfoods,astheywouldratherbecautiouswiththisnewtechnology.既然沒(méi)有人確切知道轉(zhuǎn)基因食品是否安全，對(duì)于生產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)基因食品，很多國(guó)家都猶豫不決，因?yàn)閷?duì)于這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)，他們寧愿小心謹(jǐn)慎。permitv.允許；許可n.通行證；許可證；執(zhí)照permitsb.todo...允許某人做……permitdoingsth.允許做某事permitsb.sth.允許某人做某事applyforapermit申請(qǐng)?jiān)S可證askforpermission請(qǐng)求許可withoutpermission未經(jīng)許可Weather/Timepermitting,...天氣/時(shí)間允許，……【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】Ⅰ.語(yǔ)境串詞(1)Weneedtoaskourparentsfor__________beforewestartthehike.Iftheydon't______ustotakeajourney,wemustwaitforanothertime.Andbytheway,ifyouwanttocampintheparkduringthehike,you'dbetterapplytosomedepartmentconcernedfora______.(permit)Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空(2)Theownersdon'tpermit_______(park)carsinfrontoftheshops.(3)Without__________(permit),youcan'ttakethematerialsaway.(4)Passengersarepermitted________(carry)onlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.(5)IneedtocallmyDadandask___permissionbeforewegoout.13.responsibilityresponsibilityn.責(zé)任；職責(zé)；義務(wù)→responsibleadj.有責(zé)任的，應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)的→irresponsibleadj.不負(fù)責(zé)任的Theythinkofgreedybusinessmenhidingfromtheirresponsibilitiesandonlyworryingaboutmoney.他們想到貪婪的商人逃避他們的責(zé)任，只想到錢(qián)。havetheresponsibilitytodo有責(zé)任/有義務(wù)做bear/take(on)theresponsibilityfor承擔(dān)對(duì)……的責(zé)任，為……負(fù)責(zé)hidefromone'sresponsibility逃避責(zé)任asenseofresponsibility責(zé)任感responsibleadj.有責(zé)任的，應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任的beresponsiblefor應(yīng)對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)；對(duì)……有責(zé)任【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】Ⅰ.語(yǔ)境串詞(1)MrBlackisthemanageroftheproject.Heis___________forthewholeproject.Ifanythinggoeswrong,hewilltake______________forit.(responsible)Ⅱ.完成句子(2)Asamanager,youshould____________________________________forpersonnel.作為經(jīng)理，你應(yīng)該對(duì)職員全面負(fù)責(zé)。(3)Hehas__________________________________________.他絲毫沒(méi)有責(zé)任感。(4)Parents______________________theirchildren'ssafety.父母應(yīng)該對(duì)孩子的安全負(fù)責(zé)。14.survivaln.生存，存活；殘存物，幸存事物Thankstoherdiscoveryofqinghaosu,malariapatientsallovertheworldnowhavehadagreatlyincreasedchanceofsurvival.由于她發(fā)現(xiàn)了青蒿素，現(xiàn)在，世界各地瘧疾患者的生存機(jī)會(huì)有了極大的增加。【情景導(dǎo)學(xué)】Determiningwhereweareinrelationtooursurroundingsremainsanessentialskillforoursurvival.通過(guò)對(duì)比我們周?chē)沫h(huán)境來(lái)確定我們的位置仍然是我們生存的一項(xiàng)重要技能。Survivorsoftheaccidentwererushedtothenearesthospitalinnotime.事故的幸存者立刻被急速送往最近的醫(yī)院。Somestrangecustomshavesurvivedfromearliertimes.一些奇怪的風(fēng)俗是從更早些的時(shí)候流傳下來(lái)的。It'ssaidthatthewomansurvivedherhusbandby10years.據(jù)說(shuō)這位女士比她的丈夫多活了10年。Ofallthemuseum'spaintings,onlyonesurvivedthefire.在這次火災(zāi)中，該博物館的全部藏畫(huà)僅有一幅幸免于難。【歸納拓展】①survivevi.生存，存活；繼續(xù)存在vt.&vi.__________；從……中挺/活過(guò)來(lái)；艱難度過(guò)vt.比……活的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)②survive_________從……中存活下來(lái)，從……流傳下來(lái)③AsurviveB_______...A比B活得長(zhǎng)……（多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間）④survivorn._____________Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.BaptisteDubanchetisbikingacrossEurope,__________(survive)entirelyondiscarded(丟棄)food.2.Afterall,noteveryonehasrealizedthatwildlifehasthoughts,feelings,andmostimportantly,equalrights__________(survive).3.Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturescanbeheartbreaking;__________(survive)isnevercertain.4.Forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchancefor__________(survive)ishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly.Ⅱ.翻譯句子5.Ifapredatorcaneatseveralspecies,itcansurvivetheextinction(火絕)ofoneofthem.__________________________________________________________15.limitedadj.有限的However,itwashardtoproduceenoughqinghaoextractforlargetrialsbecauseresearchresourceswerelimited.但由于研究資源有限，難以生產(chǎn)出足夠的青蒿提取物進(jìn)行大規(guī)模試驗(yàn)?！厩榫皩?dǎo)學(xué)】Lifeislimited,butthereisnolimittoservingthepeople.生命是有限的，但是為人民服務(wù)是無(wú)限的。Withinthelimitsoflegalrights,peoplearefreetodoastheyplease.在法權(quán)范圍內(nèi)，人們可以自由地做他們高興做的事。Ibelieveteachingshouldnotbelimitedtotheclassroom.我認(rèn)為教學(xué)不應(yīng)該局限在教室里。Someofthemwerelatersold,inordertolimitthenumberofponiesaccordingtotherulessetbyNaturalEngland.根據(jù)NaturalEngland設(shè)置的規(guī)定，為了限制小型馬的數(shù)量，其中的一些后來(lái)被賣(mài)掉了。Thisisacheapandpotentiallylimitlesssupplyofenergy.這是一種廉價(jià)而又潛力無(wú)限的能源供給?！練w納拓展】①limitvt.限制；限定；制約；限量n.限度，限制；極限；限量；界限，范圍②limit...to...把……限制在……內(nèi)③belimitedto...____________④withinthelimitsof____________⑤thereisnolimitto(doing)sth.(做)某事是沒(méi)有極限的⑥limitlessadj.無(wú)限制的Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.AndI'vefoundthatthepossibilitiesthatliewithinbooksare__________(limit).2.Nearly40percentofjazzloversliveoutsideoftheDallascity__________(limit)anddriveorflyintoenjoyaneveningintheBishopArtsDistrict.3.Now,severalstatesaremovingtotightenlawsbyaddingnewregulationsforoptingout.Butnoonedoesenough__________(limit)exemptions.4.Parentsoughttobeabletooptoutonlyfor__________(limit)medicalorreligiousreasons.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)5.Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitedelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime.Ⅲ.翻譯句子6.Withhertalentanddetermination,itappearsthattheskycouldbethelimitforAliceMoore.________________________________________________________________參考答案：Ⅰ.DictationⅠ.(A)1.end4.herb5.experiment6.trial7.household8.postpone9.accident10.favour11.metal12.charge13.involve14.credit15.moral16.authority17.declare18.publish19.marriage(B)1.瘧疾2.省，省份3.提取物；選錄提?。贿x錄；取出；設(shè)法得到4.數(shù)據(jù)，資料，材料5.說(shuō)明，解釋?zhuān)患硬鍒D于6.青霉素，盤(pán)尼西林7.霉菌；模具；類(lèi)型澆鑄；塑造8.細(xì)菌9.閃電10.雷雨，雷暴11.帶子，絲帶；帶狀物12.突然的巨響；猛敲，猛擊砸；砰地關(guān)上；猛摔；碰撞13.突出的突出的人(或物)14.原子能的；原子的15.炸彈；核武器轟炸16.罪惡，罪行；害處，壞處惡毒的；有害的；惡魔的(C)1.deadly;dead;death2.survival;survive3.limited;limit;limitation4.container;contain5.sufficient;sufficiency;sufficiently6.wisdom;wise;wisely7.beneficial;benefit;beneficially8.conduct;conduction;conductive9.surround;surrounding;surroundings10.indicate;indication;el